WhiletheStoicslookeduponriches，humangrandeur，grief，disquietudes，andpleasuresasvanity，theywereentirelyemployedinlabouringforthehappinessofmankind，andinexercisingthedutiesofsociety。Itseemsasiftheyregardedthatsacredspirit，whichtheybelievedtodwellwithinthem，asakindoffavourableprovidencewatchfuloverthehumanrace。
　　Bornforsociety，theyallbelievedthatitwastheirdestinytolabourforit；withsomuchthelessfatigue，theirrewardswereallwithinthemselves。Happybytheirphilosophyalone，itseemedasifonlythehappinessofotherscouldincreasetheirs。
　　11。OfContemplation。Menbeingmadetopreserve，tonourish，toclothethemselves，anddoalltheactionsofsociety，religionoughtnottogivethemtoocontemplativealife。[7]
　　TheMahometansbecomespeculativebyhabit；theyprayfivetimesaday，andeachtimetheyareobligedtocastbehindthemeverythingwhichhasanyconcernwiththisworld：thisformsthemforspeculation。Addtothisthatindifferenceforallthingswhichisinspiredbythedoctrineofunalterablefate。
　　Ifothercausesbesidestheseconcurtodisengagetheiraffections；forinstance，iftheseverityofthegovernment，ifthelawsconcerningthepropertyofland，givethemaprecariousspirit——allislost。
　　ThereligionoftheGaursformerlyrenderedPersiaaflourishingkingdom；itcorrectedthebadeffectsofdespoticpower。ThesameempireisnowdestroyedbytheMahometanreligion。
　　12。OfPenances。Penancesoughttobejoinedwiththeideaoflabour，notwiththatofidleness；withtheideaofgood，notwiththatofsupereminence；withtheideaoffrugality，notwiththatofavarice。
　　13。OfinexpiableCrimes。Itappearsfroma。passageofthebooksofthepontiffs，quotedbyCicero，[8]thattheyhadamongtheRomansinexpiablecrimes：[9]anditisonthisthatZozymusfoundsthenarrationsopropertoblackenthemotivesofConstantine’sconversion；andJulian，thatbitterrailleryonthisconversioninhisC？sars。
　　ThePaganreligionindeed，whichprohibitedonlysomeofthegrossercrimes，andwhichstoppedthehandbutmeddlednotwiththeheart，mighthavecrimesthatwereinexpiable；butareligionwhichbridlesallthepassions；whichisnotmorejealousofactionsthanofthoughtsanddesires；whichholdsusnotbyafewchainsbutbyaninfinitenumberofthreads；which，leavinghumanjusticeaside，establishesanotherkindofjustice；whichissoorderedastoleaduscontinuallyfromrepentancetolove，andfromlovetorepentance；whichputsbetweenthejudgeandthecriminalagreatermediator，betweenthejustandthemediatoragreatjudge——areligionlikethisoughtnottohaveinexpiablecrimes。
　　Butwhileitgivesfearandhopetoall，itmakesussufficientlysensiblethatthoughthereisnocrimeinitsownnatureinexpiable，yetawholecriminallifemaybeso；thatitisextremelydangeroustoaffrontmercybynewcrimesandnewexpiations；thatanuneasinessonaccountofancientdebts，fromwhichweareneverentirelyfree，oughttomakeusafraidofcontractingnewones，offillingupthemeasure，andgoingeventothatpointwherepaternalgoodnessislimited。
　　14。InwhatMannerReligionhasanInfluenceonCivilLaws。Asbothreligionandthecivillawsoughttohaveapeculiartendencytorendermengoodcitizens，itisevidentthatwhenoneofthesedeviatesfromthisend，thetendencyoftheotheroughttobestrengthened。Thelessseveritythereisinreligion，themorethereoughttobeinthecivillaws。
　　ThusthereigningreligionofJapanhavingfewdoctrines，andproposingneitherfuturerewardsnorpunishments，thelawstosupplythesedefectshavebeenmadewiththespiritofseverity，andareexecutedwithanextraordinarypunctuality。
　　Whenthedoctrineofnecessityisestablishedbyreligion，thepenaltiesofthelawsoughttobemoresevere，andthemagistratemorevigilant；
　　totheendthatmenwhowouldotherwisebecomeabandonedmightbedeterminedbythesemotives；butitisquiteotherwisewherereligionhasestablishedthedoctrineofliberty。
　　FromtheinactivityofthesoulspringstheMahometandoctrineofpredestination，andfromthisdoctrineofpredestinationspringstheinactivityofthesoul。This，theysay，isinthedecreesofGod；theymustthereforeindulgetheirrepose。Inacaselikethis，themagistrateoughttowakenbythelawsthosewhoarelulledasleepbyreligion。
　　Whenreligioncondemnsthingswhichthecivillawsoughttopermit，thereisdangerlestthecivillaws，ontheotherhand，shouldpermitwhatreligionoughttocondemn。Eitheroftheseisaconstantproofofawantoftrueideasofthatharmonyandproportionwhichoughttosubsistbetweenboth。
　　ThustheTartarsunderJenghizKhan，[10]amongwhomitwasasinandevenacapitalcrimetoputaknifeinthefire，toleanagainstawhip，tostrikeahorsewithhisbridle，tobreakonebonewithanother，didnotbelieveittobeanysintobreaktheirword，toseizeuponanotherman’sgoods，todoaninjurytoaperson，ortocommitmurder。Inaword，lawswhichrenderthatnecessarywhichisonlyindifferenthavethisinconvenience，thattheymakethosethingsindifferentwhichareabsolutelynecessary。
　　ThepeopleofFormosabelieve[11]thatthereisakindofhell，butitistopunishthosewhoatcertainseasonshavenotgonenaked，whohavedressedincalicoandnotinsilk，whohavepresumedtolookforoysters，orwhohaveundertakenanybusinesswithoutconsultingthesongofbirds；whiledrunkennessanddebaucheryarenotregardedascrimes。
　　Theybelieveeventhatthedebauchesoftheirchildrenareagreeabletotheirgods。
　　Whenreligionabsolvesthemindbyathingmerelyaccidental，itlosesitsgreatestinfluenceonmankind。ThepeopleofIndiabelievethatthewatersoftheGangeshaveasanctifyingvirtue。[12]Thosewhodieonitsbanksareimaginedtobeexemptedfromthetormentsoftheotherlife，andtobeentitledtodwellinaregionfullofdelights；andforthisreasontheashesofthedeadaresentfromthemostdistantplacestobethrownintothisriver。Littlethendoesitsignifywhethertheyhadlivedvirtuouslyornot，sotheybebutthrownintotheGanges。
　　Theideaofaplaceofrewardshasanecessaryconnectionwiththeideaoftheabodesofmisery；andwhentheyhopefortheformerwithoutfearingthelatter，thecivillawshavenolongeranyinfluence。Menwhothinkthemselvessureoftherewardsoftheotherlifeareabovethepowerofthelegislator；theylookupondeathwithtoomuchcontempt。
　　Howshallthemanberestrainedbylawswhobelievesthatthegreatestpainthemagistratecaninflictwillendinamomenttobeginhishappiness？
　　15。HowfalseReligionsaresometimescorrectedbytheCivilLaws。
　　Simplicity，superstition，orarespectforantiquityhavesometimesestablishedmysteriesorceremoniesshockingtomodesty：ofthistheworldhasfurnishednumerousexamples。Aristotlesays[13]thatinthiscasethelawpermitsthefathersoffamiliestorepairtothetempletocelebratethesemysteriesfortheirwivesandchildren。Howadmirablethecivillawwhichinspiteofreligionpreservesthemannersuntainted！
　　Augustus[14]excludedtheyouthofeithersexfromassistingatanynocturnalceremony，unlessaccompaniedbyamoreagedrelative；andwhenherevivedtheLupercalia，[15]hewouldnotallowtheyoungmentorunnaked。
　　16。HowtheLawsofReligioncorrecttheInconveniencesofapoliticalConstitution。Ontheotherhand，religionmaysupportastatewhenthelawsthemselvesareincapableofdoingit。
　　Thuswhenakingdomisfrequentlyagitatedbycivilwars，religionmaydomuchbyobligingonepartofthestatetoremainalwaysquiet。AmongtheGreeks，theEleans，aspriestsofApollo，livedalwaysinpeace。InJapan，[16]thecityofMeacoenjoysaconstantpeace，asbeingaholycity。Religionsupportsthisregulation，andthatempire，whichseemstobealoneuponearth，andwhichneitherhasnorwillhaveanydependenceonforeigners，hasalwaysinitsownbosomatradewhichwarcannotruin。
　　Inkingdomswherewarsarenotentereduponbyageneralconsent，andwherethelawshavenotpointedoutanymeanseitherofterminatingorpreventingthem，religionestablishestimesofpeace，orcessationfromhostilities，thatthepeoplemaybeabletosowtheircornandperformthoseotherlabourswhichareabsolutelynecessaryforthesubsistenceofthestate。
　　EveryyearallhostilityceasesbetweentheArabiantribesforfourmonths：theleastdisturbancewouldthenbeanimpiety。[17]Informertimes，wheneverylordinFrancedeclaredwarorpeace，religiongrantedatruce，whichwastotakeplaceatcertainseasons。
　　17。ThesameSubjectcontinued。Whenastatehasmanycausesforhatred，religionoughttoproducemanywaysofreconciliation。TheArabs，apeopleaddictedtorobbery，arefrequentlyguiltyofdoinginjuryandinjustice。Mahometenactedthislaw：[18]"Ifanyoneforgivesthebloodofhisbrother，[19]hemaypursuethemalefactorfordamagesandinterest；buthewhoshallinjurethewicked，afterhavingreceivedsatisfaction，shall，inthedayofjudgment，sufferthemostgrievoustorments。"
　　TheGermansinheritedthehatredandenmityoftheirnearrelatives：butthesewerenoteternal。Homicidewasexpiatedbygivingacertainnumberofcattle，andallthefamilyreceivedsatisfaction：athingextremelyuseful，saysTacitus，becauseenmitiesaremostdangerousamongafreepeople。[20]Ibelieve，indeed，thattheirministersofreligion，whowereheldbytheminsomuchcredit，wereconcernedinthesereconciliations。
　　AmongtheinhabitantsofMalacca，[21]wherenoformofreconciliationisestablished，hewhohascommittedmurder，certainofbeingassassinatedbytherelativesorfriendsofthedeceased，abandonshimselftofury，andwoundsorkillsallhemeets。
　　18。HowtheLawsofReligionhavetheEffectofCivilLaws。ThefirstGreeksweresmallnations，frequentlydispersed，piratesatsea，unjustonland，withoutgovernmentandwithoutlaws。ThemightyactionsofHerculesandTheseusletusseethestateofthatrisingpeople。Whatcouldreligiondomoretoinspirethemwithhorroragainstmurder？Itdeclaredthatthemanwhohadbeenmurderedwasenragedagainsttheassassin，thathewouldpossesshismindwithterrorandtrouble，andobligehimtoyieldtohimtheplaceshehadfrequentedwhenalive。[22]
　　Theycouldnottouchthecriminal，norconversewithhim，withoutbeingdefiled：[23]themurdererwastobeexpelledfromthecity，andanexpiationmadeforthecrime。[24]
　　19。ThatitisnotsomuchtheTruthorFalsityofaDoctrinewhichrendersitusefulorpernicioustoMenincivilGovernment，astheUseorAbuseofit。Themosttrueandholydoctrinesmaybeattendedwiththeveryworstconsequenceswhentheyarenotconnectedwiththeprinciplesofsociety：andonthecontrary，doctrinesthemostfalsemaybeattendedwithexcellentconsequenceswhencontrivedsoastobeconnectedwiththeseprinciples。
　　ThereligionofConfuciusdisownstheimmortalityofthesoul：andthesectofZenodidnotbelieveit。Thesetwosectshavedrawnfromtheirbadprinciplesconsequences，notjustindeed，butmostadmirableastotheirinfluenceonsociety。ThoseofthereligionofTao，andofFoe，[25]believetheimmortalityofthesoul；butfromthissacreddoctrinetheydrawthemostfrightfulconsequences。
　　Thedoctrineoftheimmortalityofthesoulfalselyunderstoodhas，almostineverypartoftheglobeandineveryage，engagedwomen，slaves，subjects，friends，tomurderthemselves，thattheymightgoandserveintheotherworldtheobjectoftheirrespectorloveinthis。
　　ThusitwasintheWestIndies；thusitwasamongtheDanes；[26]thusitisatpresentinJapan，[27]inMacassar，[28]andmanyotherplaces。
　　Thesecustomsdonotsodirectlyproceedfromthedoctrineoftheimmortalityofthesoulasfromthatoftheresurrectionofthebody，whencetheyhavedrawnthisconsequence，thatafterdeaththesameindividualwillhavethesamewants，thesamesentiments，thesamepassions。Inthispointofview，thedoctrineoftheimmortalityofthesoulhasaprodigiouseffectonmankind；becausetheideaofonlyasimplechangeofhabitationismorewithinthereachofthehumanunderstanding，andmoreadaptedtoflattertheheart，thantheideaofanewmodification。
　　Itisnotenoughforreligiontoestablishadoctrine；itmustalsodirectitsinfluence。ThistheChristianreligionperformsinthemostadmirablemanner，particularlywithregardtothedoctrinesofwhichwehavebeenspeaking。Itmakesushopeforastatewhichistheobjectofourbelief；notforastatewhichwehavealreadyexperiencedorknown：
　　thuseveryarticle，eventheresurrectionofthebody，leadsustospiritualideas。
　　20。ThesameSubjectcontinued。Thesacredbooks[29]oftheancientPersianssay，"Ifyouwouldbeholyinstructyourchildren，becauseallthegoodactionswhichtheyperformwillbeimputedtoyou。"Theyadvisethemtomarrybetimes，becausechildrenatthedayofjudgmentwillbeasabridge，overwhichthosewhohavenonecannotpass。Thesedoctrineswerefalse，butextremelyuseful。
　　21。OftheMetempsychosis。Thedoctrineoftheimmortalityofthesoulisdividedintothreebranches——thatofpureimmortality，thatofasimplechangeofhabitation，andthatofametempsychosis，thatis，thesystemoftheChristians，thatoftheScythians，andthatoftheIndians。Wehavejustbeenspeakingofthefirsttwo，andIshallsayofthelastthatasithasbeenwellorillexplained，ithashadgoodorbadeffects。Asitinspiresmenwithacertainhorroragainstbloodshed，veryfewmurdersarecommittedintheIndies；andthoughtheyseldompunishwithdeath，yettheyenjoyaperfecttranquillity。
　　Ontheotherhand，womenburnthemselvesatthedeathoftheirhusbands；
　　thusitisonlytheinnocentwhosufferaviolentdeath。
　　22。ThatitisdangerousforReligiontoinspireanAversionforThingsinthemselvesindifferent。AkindofhonourestablishedintheIndiesbytheprejudicesofreligionhasmadetheseveraltribesconceiveanaversionagainsteachother。Thishonourisfoundedentirelyonreligion；thesefamilydistinctionsformnocivildistinctions；thereareIndianswhowouldthinkthemselvesdishonouredbyeatingwiththeirking。
　　Thesesortsofdistinctionsareconnectedwithacertainaversionforothermen，verydifferentfromthosesentimentswhichnaturallyarisefromdifferenceofrank；whichamonguscomprehendsaloveforinferiors。
　　Thelawsofreligionshouldneverinspireanaversiontoanythingbutvice，andabovealltheyshouldneverestrangemanfromaloveandtendernessforhisownspecies。
　　TheMahometanandIndianreligionsembraceaninfinitenumberofpeople；
　　theIndianshatetheMahometans，becausetheyeatcows；theMahometansdetesttheIndiansbecausetheyeathogs。
　　23。OfFestivals。Whenreligionappointsacessationfromlabouritoughttohaveagreaterregardtothenecessitiesofmankindthantothegrandeurofthebeingitdesignstohonour。
　　Athenswassubjecttogreatinconveniencesfromtheexcessivenumberofitsfestivals。[30]Thesepowerfulpeople，towhosedecisionallthecitiesofGreececametosubmittheirquarrels，couldnothavetimetodespatchsuchamultiplicityofaffairs。
　　WhenConstantineordainedthatthepeopleshouldrestontheSabbath，hemadethisdecreeforthecities，[31]andnotfortheinhabitantsoftheopencountry；hewassensiblethatlabourinthecitieswasuseful，butinthefieldsnecessary。
　　Forthesamereason，inacountrysupportedbycommerce，thenumberoffestivalsoughttoberelativetothisverycommerce。ProtestantandCatholiccountriesaresituatedinsuchamannerthatthereismoreneedoflabourintheformerthaninthelatter；[32]thesuppressionoffestivalsisthereforemoresuitabletoProtestantthantoCatholiccountries。
　　Dampierobservesthatthediversionsofdifferentnationsvarygreatly，accordingtotheclimate。[33]Ashotclimatesproduceaquantityofdelicatefruits，thebarbarianseasilyfindnecessaries，andthereforespendmuchtimeindiversions。TheIndiansofcoldercountrieshavenotsomuchleisure，beingobligedtofishandhuntcontinually；hencetheyhavelessmusic，dancingandfestivals。Ifanewreligionshouldbeestablishedamongthesepeople，itoughttohaveregardtothisintheinstitutionoffestivals。
　　24。OfthelocalLawsofReligion。Therearemanylocallawsinvariousreligions；andwhenMontezumawithsomuchobstinacyinsistedthatthereligionoftheSpaniardswasgoodfortheircountry，andhisforMexico，hedidnotassertanabsurdity；because，infact，legislatorscouldneverhelphavingaregardtowhatnaturehadestablishedbeforethem。
　　TheopinionofthemetempsychosisisadaptedtotheclimateoftheIndies。Anexcessiveheatburnsupallthecountry：[34]theycanbreedbutveryfewcattle；theyarealwaysindangerofwantingthemfortillage；theirblackcattlemultiplybutindifferently；[35]andtheyaresubjecttomanydistempers。Alawofreligionwhichpreservesthemisthereforemoresuitabletothepolicyofthecountry。
　　Whilethemeadowsarescorched，riceandpulse，bytheassistanceofwater，arebroughttoperfection；alawofreligionwhichpermitsonlythiskindofnourishmentmustthereforebeextremelyusefultomeninthoseclimates。
　　Thefleshofcattleinthatcountryisinsipid36butthemilkandbutterwhichtheyreceivefromthemserveforapartoftheirsubsistence；
　　thereforethelawwhichprohibitstheeatingandkillingofcowsisintheIndiesnotunreasonable。
　　Athenscontainedaprodigiousmultitudeofpeople，butitsterritorywasbarren。Itwasthereforeareligiousmaximwiththispeoplethatthosewhoofferedsomesmallpresentstothegodshonouredthemmorethanthosewhosacrificedanox。[37]
　　25。TheInconvenienceoftransplantingaReligionfromoneCountrytoanother。Itfollowshencethattherearefrequentlymanyinconveniencesattendingthetransplantingareligionfromonecountrytoanyother。
　　"Thehog，"saysM。deBoulainvilliers，[38]"mustbeveryscarceinArabia，wheretherearealmostnowoods，andhardlyanythingfitforthenourishmentoftheseanimals；besides，thesaltnessofthewaterandfoodrendersthepeoplemostsusceptibleofcutaneousdisorders。"Thislocallawcouldnotbegoodinothercountries，[39]wherethehogisalmostauniversal，andinsomesortanecessary，nourishment。
　　Ishallheremakeareflection。Sanctoriushasobservedthatporktranspiresbutlittle，[40]andthatthiskindofmeatgreatlybindersthetranspirationofotherfood；hehasfoundthatthisdiminutionamountstoathird。[41]Besides，itisknownthatthewantoftranspirationformsorincreasesthedisordersoftheskin。Thefeedingonporkoughtrathertobeprohibitedinclimateswherethepeoplearesubjecttothesedisorders，asinPalestine，Arabia，Egypt，andLibya。
　　26。ThesameSubjectcontinued。SirJohnChardinsays[42]thatthereisnotanavigableriverinPersia，excepttheKur，whichisattheextremityoftheempire。TheancientlawoftheGaurswhichprohibitedsailingonriverswasnotthereforeattendedwithanyinconvenienceinthiscountry，thoughitwouldhaveruinedthetradeofanother。
　　Frequentbathingsareextremelyusefulinhotclimates。OnthisaccounttheyareordainedintheMahometanlawandintheIndianreligion。IntheIndiesitisamostmeritoriousacttopraytoGodintherunningstream；[43]buthowcouldthesethingsbeperformedinotherclimates？
　　Whenareligionadaptedtotheclimateofonecountryclashestoomuchwiththeclimateofanotheritcannotbethereestablished；andwheneverithasbeenintroducedithasbeenafterwardsdiscarded，itseemstoallhumanappearanceasiftheclimatehadprescribedtheboundsoftheChristianandtheMahometanreligions。
　　Itfollowshence，thatitisalmostalwaysproperforareligiontohaveparticulardoctrines，andageneralworship。Inlawsconcerningthepracticeofreligiousworshipthereoughttobebutfewparticulars；forinstance，theyshouldcommandmortificationingeneralandnotacertainkindofmortification。Christianityisfullofgoodsense；abstinenceisofdivineinstitution；butaparticularkindofabstinenceisordainedbyhumanauthorityandthereforemaybechanged。
　　______
　　1。ThoughtsontheComet，ContinuationofThoughtsontheComet，ii。
　　2。DescriptionofEthiopia，byM。Ponce，Physician。EdifyingLetters，coll。iv，p。290。
　　3。SeeDiodorus，i。18。
　　4。Dupin，EcclesiasticalLibraryoftheSixthCentury，v。
　　5。CollectionofVoyagesthatContributedtotheEstablishmentoftheEastIndiaCompany，iii，partI，p。63。
　　6。Prideaux，HistoryoftheJews。
　　7。ThisistheinconvenienceofthedoctrineofFoeandLaockium。
　　8。DeLeg。，ii。22。
　　9。Sacrumcommissum，quodnequeexpiaripotent，impiecommissumest；
　　quodexpiaripotentpublicisacerdotesexpianto。
　　10。SeetheaccountofJohnDuplanCarpin，senttoTartarybyPopeInnocentIVintheyear1246。
　　11。CollectionofVoyagesthatContributedtotheEstablishmentoftheEastIndiaCompany，v，partI，p。192。
　　12。EdifyingLetters，coll。xv。
　　13。Politics，vii。17。
　　14。Suetonius，LifeofAugustus，31。
　　15。Ibid。
　　16。CollectionofVoyagesthatContributedtotheEstablishmentoftheEastIndiaCompany，iv，partIp。127。
　　17。SeePrideaux，lifeofMahomet，p。64。
　　18。Koran，i，chapter"OftheCow。"
　　19。Onrenouncingthelawofretaliation。
　　20。DeMoribusGermanorum，21。
　　21。CollectionofVoyagesthatContributedtotheEstablishmentoftheEastIndiaCompany，vii，p。303。SeealsoMemoirsoftheCountdeForbin，andwhathesaysofthepeopleofMacassar。
　　22。Plato，Laws，ix。
　　23。TragedyofOedipusatColonus。
　　24。Plato，Laws，ix。
　　25。AChinesephilosopherreasonsthusagainstthedoctrineofFoe："Itissaidinabookofthatsect，thatthebodyisourdwelling—placeandthesoultheimmortalguestwhichlodgesthere；butifthebodiesofourrelativesareonlyalodging，itisnaturaltoregardthemwiththesamecontemptweshouldfeelforastructureofearthanddirt。Isnotthisendeavouringtotearfromtheheartthevirtueoflovetoone’sownparents？Thisleadsuseventoneglectthecareofthebody，andtorefuseitthecompassionandaffectionsonecessaryforitspreservation；hencethedisciplesofFoekillthemselvesbythousands。"
　　——WorkofanancientChinesephilosopher，intheCollectionofFatherDuHalde，iii，p。52。
　　26。SeeTho。Bartholin，AntiquitiesoftheDanes。
　　27。AnAccountofJapan，intheCollectionofVoyagesthatContributedtotheEstablishmentoftheEastIndiacompany。
　　28。Forbin，Memoirs。
　　29。Hyde，ReligionofthePersians。
　　30。Xenophon，OntheRepublicofAthens，3，§8。
　　31。Leg。3。Cod。deferiis。ThislawwasdoubtlessmadeonlyforthePagans。
　　32。TheCatholicsliemoretowardthesouth，andtheProtestantstowardsthenorth。
　　33。Dampier，Voyages，ii。
　　34。SeeBernier，Travels，ii，p。137。
　　35。EdifyingLetters，coll。xii，p。95。
　　36。Bernier，Travels，ii，p。137。
　　37。Euripides，inAthen？us，ii，p。40。
　　38。LifeofMahomet。
　　39。AsinChina。
　　40。MedicinaStatica，§3，aphor。22。
　　41。Ibid。，aphor。23。
　　42。TravelsintoPersia，ii。
　　43。Bernier，Travels，ii。
　　BookXXV。OfLawsinRelationtotheEstablishmentofReligionanditsExternalPolity1。OfReligiousSentiments。Thepiousmanandtheatheistalwaystalkofreligion；theonespeaksofwhatheloves，andtheotherofwhathefears。
　　2。OftheMotivesofAttachmenttodifferentReligions。Thedifferentreligionsoftheworlddonotgivetothosewhoprofessthemequalmotivesofattachment；thisdependsgreatlyonthemannerinwhichtheyagreewiththeturnofthoughtandperceptionsofmankind。
　　Weareextremelyaddictedtoidolatry，andyethavenogreatinclinationforthereligionofidolaters；wearenotveryfondofspiritualideas，andyetaremostattachedtothosereligionswhichteachustoadoreaspiritualbeing。Thisproceedsfromthesatisfactionwefindinourselvesathavingbeensointelligentastochooseareligionwhichraisesthedeityfromthatbasenessinwhichhehadbeenplacedbyothers。Welookuponidolatryasthereligionofanignorantpeople，andthereligionwhichhasaspiritualbeingforitsobjectasthatofthemostenlightenednations。