252Whetherthesepeopledonotexerciseallartsandtrades,buildshipsandnavigatethemtoallpartsoftheworld,purchaselands,tillandreapthefruitsofthem,buyandsell,educateandprovidefortheirchildren?Whethertheydonotevenindulgethemselvesinforeignvanities?
253Whether,whateverinconveniencesthosepeoplemayhaveincurredfromnotobservingeitherrulesorboundsintheirpapermoney,yetitbenotcertainthattheyareinamoreflourishingcondition,havelargerandbetterbuilttowns,moreplenty,moreindustry,moreartsandcivility,andamoreextensivecommerce,thanwhentheyhadgoldandsilvercurrentamongthem?
254Whetheraviewoftheruinouseffectsofabsurdschemesandcreditmismanaged,soastoproducegamingandmadnessinsteadofindustry,canbeanyjustobjectionagainstanationalbankcalculatedpurelytopromoteindustry?
255Whetheraschemeforthewelfareofthisnationshouldnottakeinthewholeinhabitants?Andwhetheritbenotavainattempt,toprojecttheflourishingofourProtestantgentry,exclusiveofthebulkofthenatives?
256Whetheranoath,testifyingallegiancetotheking,anddisclaimingthepope’sauthorityintemporals,maynotbejustlyrequiredoftheRomanCatholics?Andwhether,incommonprudenceorpolicy,anypriestshouldbetoleratedwhorefusethtotakeit?
257Whetherthereisanysuchthingasabodyofinhabitants,inanyRomanCatholiccountryunderthesun,thatprofessanabsolutesubmissiontothepope’sordersinmattersofanindifferentnature,orthatinsuchpointsdonotthinkittheirdutytoobeythecivilgovernment?
258WhethersincethepeaceofUtrecht,masswasnotcelebratedandthesacramentsadministeredindiversdiocesesofSicily,notwithstandingthePope’sinterdict?
259WhetherasumwhichwouldgobutalittlewaytowardserectinghospitalsformaintainingandeducatingthechildrenofthenativeIrishmightnotgofarinbindingthemoutapprenticestoProtestantmasters,forhusbandry,usefultrades,andtheserviceoffamilies?
260Whethertherebeanyinstanceofapeople’sbeingconvertedinaChristiansense,otherwisethanbypreachingtothemandinstructingthemintheirownlanguage?
261WhethercatechistsintheIrishtonguemaynoteasilybeprocuredandsubsisted?Andwhetherthiswouldnotbethemostpracticablemeansforconvertingthenatives?
262WhetheritbenotofgreatadvantagetotheChurchofRome,thatshehathclergysuitedtoallranksofmen,ingradualsubordinationfromcardinalsdowntomendicants?
263Whetherhernumerouspoorclergyarenotveryusefulinmissions,andofmuchinfluencewiththepeople?
264Whether,indefectofablemissionaries,personsconversantinlowlife,andspeakingtheIrishtongue,ifwellinstructedinthefirstprinciplesofreligion,andinthepopishcontroversy,thoughfortherestonalevelwiththeparishclerks,ortheschool—mastersofcharity—schools,maynotbefittomixwithandbringoverourpoorilliteratenativestotheEstablishedChurch?
WhetheritisnottobewishedthatsomepartsofourliturgyandhomilieswerepubliclyreadintheIrishlanguage?Andwhether,intheseviews,itmaynotberighttobreedupsomeofthebettersortofchildreninthecharity—schools,andqualifythemformissionaries,catechists,andreaders?
265Whetherasquirepossessedoflandtothevalueofathousandpoundsperannum,oramerchantworthtwentythousandpoundsincash,wouldhavemostpowertodogoodoreviluponanyemergency?AndwhetherthesufferingRomanCatholicstopurchaseforfeitedlandswouldnotbegoodpolicy,astendingtounitetheirinterestwiththatofthegovernment?
266Whetherthesea—portsofGalway,Limerick,Cork,andWaterfordarenottobelookedonaskeysofthiskingdom?Andwhetherthemerchantsarenotpossessedofthesekeys;andwhoarethemostnumerousmerchantsinthosecities?
267Whetheramerchantcannotmorespeedilyraiseasum,moreeasilyconcealortransferhiseffects,andengageinanydesperatedesignwithmoresafety,thanalandedman,whoseestateisapledgeforhisbehaviour?
268Whetherawealthymerchantbearsnotgreatswayamongthepopulaceofatradingcity?Andwhetherpowerbenotultimatelylodgedinthepeople?
269Whether,asothershavesupposedanAtlantisorUtopia,wealsomaynotsupposeanHyperboreanislandinhabitedbyreasonablecreatures?
270Whetheranindifferentperson,wholooksintoallhands,maynotbeabetterjudgeofthegamethanapartywhoseesonlyhisown?
271WhethertherebeanycountryinChristendommorecapableofimprovementthanIreland?
272Whetherwearenotasfarbeforeothernationswithrespecttonaturaladvantages,aswearebehindthemwithrespecttoartsandindustry?
273Whetherwedonotliveinamostfertilesoilandtemperateclimate,andyetwhetherourpeopleingeneraldonotfeelgreatwantandmisery?
274Whethermycountrymenarenotreadieratfindingexcusesthanremedies?
275Whetherthewealthandprosperityofourcountrydonothangbyahair,theprobityofonebanker,thecautionofanother,andthelivesofall?
276Whetherwehavenotbeensufficientlyadmonishedofthisbysomelateevents?
277Whetheranationalbankwouldnotatoncesecureourproperties,putanendtousury,facilitatecommerce,supplythewantofcoin,andproducereadypaymentsinallpartsofthekingdom?
278Whethertheuseornatureofmoney,whichallmensoeagerlypursue,beyetsufficientlyunderstoodorconsideredbyall?
279WhatdothAristotlemeanbysaying——
"Coinseemstobesomethingtrivial。"—Derepub。,ix。9?
280WhethermankindarenotgovernedbyCitationratherthanbyreason?
281Whethertherebenotameasureorlimit,withinwhichgoldandsilverareuseful,andbeyondwhichtheymaybehurtful?
282Whetherthatmeasurebenotthecirculatingofindustry?
283Whetheradiscoveryoftherichestgoldminethateverwas,intheheartofthiskingdom,wouldbearealadvantagetous?
284Whetheritwouldnottemptforeignerstopreyuponus?
285Whetheritwouldnotrenderusalazy,proud,anddastardlypeople?
286Whethereverymanwhohadmoneyenoughwouldnotbeagentleman?Andwhetheranationofgentlemenwouldnotbeawretchednation?
287Whetherallthingswouldnotbearahighprice?Andwhethermenwouldnotincreasetheirfortuneswithoutbeingthebetterforit?
288Whetherthesameevilswouldbeapprehendedfrompaper—moneyunderanhonestandthriftyregulation?
289Whether,therefore,anationalbankwouldnotbemorebeneficialthanevenamineofgold?
290Whetherwithoutprivatebankswhatlittlebusinessandindustrythereiswouldnotstagnate?Butwhetheritbenotamightyprivilegeforaprivatepersontobeabletocreateahundredpoundswithadashofhispen?
291WhetherthewisestateofVenicewasnotthefirstthatconceivedtheadvantageofanationalbank?
292Whetherthegreatexactnessandintegritywithwhichthisbankismanagedbenotthechiefsupportofthatrepublic?
293WhetherthebankofAmsterdamwasnotbegunaboutonehundredandthirtyyearsago,andwhetheratthisdayitsstockbenotconceivedtoamounttothreethousandtonsofgold,orthirtymillionssterling?
294Whetherallpaymentsofcontractsforgoodsingross,andlettersofexchange,mustnotbemadebytransfersinthebank—books,providedthesumexceedthreehundredflorins?
295WhetheritbenotowingtothisbankthatthecityofAmsterdam,withouttheleastconfusion,hazard,ortrouble,maintainsandeverydaypromotessogeneralandquickacirculationofindustry?
296Whetheritbenotthegreatesthelpandspurtocommercethatpropertycanbesoreadilyconveyedandsowellsecuredbyacompteenbanc,thatis,byonlywritingoneman’snameforanother’sinthebank—book?
297Whether,atthebeginningofthelastcentury,thosewhohadlentmoneytothepublicduringthewarwithSpainwerenotsatisfiedbythesoleexpedientofplacingtheirnamesinacompteenbanc,withlibertytotransfertheirclaims?
298Whethertheexampleofthoseeasytransfersinthecompteenbanc,thuscasuallyerected,didnottemptothermentobecomecreditorstothepublic,inordertoprofitbythesamesecureandexpeditiousmethodofkeepingandtransferringtheirwealth?
299WhetherthiscompteenbanchathnotprovedbetterthanamineofgoldtoAmsterdam?
300WhetherthatcitymaynotbesaidtoowehergreatnesstotheunpromisingaccidentofherhavingbeenindebtmorethanshewasabletoPay?
301WhetheritbeknownthatanyStatefromsuchsmallbeginnings,insoshortatime,evergrewtosogreatwealthandpowerastheprovinceofHollandhathdone;andwhetherthebankofAmsterdamhathnotbeentherealcauseofsuchextraordinarygrowth?
302WhetherthesuccessofthosepublicbanksinVenice,AmsterdamandHamburgwouldnotnaturallyproduceinotherStatesaninclinationtothesamemethods?
303WhetheritbepossibleforanationalbanktosubsistandmaintainitscreditunderaFrenchgovernment?
304Whetherournaturalappetites,aswellaspowers,arenotlimitedtotheirrespectiveendsanduses?Butwhetherartificialappetitesmaynotbeinfinite?
305Whetherthesimplegettingofmoney,orpassingitfromhandtohandwithoutindustry,beanobjectworthyofawisegovernment?
306Whether,ifmoneybeconsideredasanend,theappetitethereofbenotinfinite?Butwhethertheendsofmoneyitselfbenotbounded?
307Whetherthetotalsumofallotherpowers,beitofenjoymentoraction,whichbelongtoman,ortoallmankindtogether,isnotintruthaverynarrowandlimitedquantity?Butwhetherfancyisnotboundless?
308Whetherthiscapricioustyrant,whichusurpstheplaceofreason,dothnotmostcruellytormentanddeludethosepoormen,theusurers,stockjobbers,andprojectors,ofcontenttothemselvesfromheapingupriches,thatis,fromgatheringcounters,frommultiplyingfigures,fromenlargingdenominations,withoutknowingwhattheywouldbeat,andwithouthavingaproperregardtotheuseorendornatureofthings?
309Whethertheignisfatuusoffancydothnotkindleimmoderatedesires,andleadmenintoendlesspursuitsandwildlabyrinths?
310Whethercountersbenotreferredtootherthings,which,solongastheykeeppaceandproportionwiththecounters,itmustbeownedthecountersareuseful;butwhetherbeyondthattovalueorcovetcountersbenotdirectfolly?
311Whetherthepublicaimoughtnottobe,thatmen’sindustryshouldsupplytheirpresentwants,andtheoverplusbeconvertedintoastockofpower?
312Whetherthebetterthispowerissecured,andthemoreeasilyitistransferred,industrybenotsomuchthemoreencouraged?
313Whethermoney,morethanisexpedientforthosepurposes,benotuponthewholehurtfulratherthanbeneficialtoaState?
314Whetherthepromotingofindustryshouldnotbealwaysinview,asthetrueandsoleend,theruleandmeasure,ofanationalbank?Andwhetheralldeviationsfromthatobjectshouldnotbecarefullyavoided?
315Whetheritmaynotbeuseful,forsupplyingmanufacturesandtradewithstock,forregulatingexchange,forquickeningcommerce,forputtingspiritintothepeople?
316Whetherwearesufficientlysensibleofthepeculiarsecuritythereisinhavingabankthatconsistsoflandandpaper,oneofwhichcannotbeexported,andtheotherisinnodangerofbeingexported?
317Whetheritbenotdelightfultocomplain?Andwhethertherebenotmanywhohadratheruttertheircomplaintsthanredresstheirevils?
318Whether,if’thecrownofthewisebetheirriches’(Prov。,xiv。24),wearenotthefoolishestpeopleinChristendom?
319Whetherwehavenotallthewhilegreatcivilaswellasnaturaladvantages?
320Whethertherebeanypeoplewhohavemoreleisuretocultivatetheartsofpeace,andstudythepublicweal?
321Whetherothernationswhoenjoyanyshareoffreedom,andhavegreatobjectsinview,benotunavoidablyembarrassedanddistractedbyfactions?Butwhetherwedonotdivideupontrifles,andwhetherourpartiesarenotaburlesqueuponpolitics?
322Whetheritbenotanadvantagethatwearenotembroiledinforeignaffairs,thatweholdnotthebalanceofEurope,thatweareprotectedbyotherfleetsandarmies,thatitisthetrueinterestofapowerfulpeople,fromwhomwearedescended,toguardusonallsides?
323WhetherEnglanddothnotreallyloveusandwishwelltous,asboneofherbone,andfleshofherflesh?Andwhetheritbenotourparttocultivatethisloveandaffectionallmannerofways?
324Whatsea—portsorforeigntradehavetheSwisses;andyethowwarmarethosepeople,andhowwellprovided?
325Whethertheremaynotbefoundapeoplewhosocontriveastobeimpoverishedbytheirtrade?Andwhetherwearenotthatpeople?
326Whetheritwouldnotbebetterforthisisland,ifallourfinefolkofbothsexeswereshippedoff,toremaininforeigncountries,ratherthanthattheyshouldspendtheirestatesathomeinforeignluxury,andspreadthecontagionthereofthroughtheirnativeland?
327Whetherourgentryunderstandorhaveanotionofmagnificence,andwhetherforwantthereoftheydonotaffectverywretcheddistinctions?
328Whethertherebenotanartorskillingoverninghumanpride,soastorenderitsubservienttothepubicaim?
329Whetherthegreatandgeneralaimofthepublicshouldnotbetoemploythepeople?
330Whatrightaneldestsonhathtotheworsteducation?
331Whethermen’scounselsarenottheresultoftheirknowledgeandtheirprinciples?
332Whethertherebenotlabourofthebrainsaswellasofthehands,andwhethertheformerisbeneathagentleman?
333WhetherthepublicbemoreinterestedtoprotectthepropertyacquiredbymerebirththanthatwhichistheMediatefruitoflearningandvirtue?
334Whetheritwouldnotbeapoorandill—judgedprojecttoattempttopromotethegoodofthecommunity,byinvadingtherightsofonepartthereof,orofoneparticularorderofmen?
335Whethertherebeamorewretched,andatthesametimeamoreunpitiedcase,thanformentomakeprecedentsfortheirownundoing?
336Whethertodetermineabouttherightsandpropertiesofmenbyotherrulesthanthelawbenotdangerous?
337Whetherthosemenwhomovethecorner—stonesofaconstitutionmaynotpullanoldhouseontheirownheads?
338Whethertherebenottwogeneralmethodswherebymenbecomesharersinthenationalstockofwealthorpower,industryandinheritance?Andwhetheritwouldbewiseinacivilsocietytolessenthatsharewhichisallottedtomeritandindustry?
339Whetherallwaysofspendingafortunebeofequalbenefittothepublic,andwhatsortofmenareaptesttorunintoanimproperexpense?
340Iftherevenuesallottedfortheencouragementofreligionandlearningweremadehereditaryinthehandsofadozenlaylordsandasmanyovergrowncommoners,whetherthepublicwouldbemuchthebetterforit?
341WhethertheChurch’spatrimonybelongstoonetribealone;
andwhethereveryman’sson,brother,orhimself,maynot,ifheplease,bequalifiedtosharetherein?
342Whatisthereintheclergytocreateajealousyinthepublic?Orwhatwouldthepubliclosebyit,ifeverysquireinthelandworeablackcoat,saidhisprayers,andwasobligedtoreside?
343Whethertherebeanythingperfectunderthesun?AndwhetheritbenotwiththeworldaswithaparticularState,andwithaStateorbodypoliticaswiththehumanbody,whichlivesandmovesundervariousindispositions,perfecthealthbeingseldomornevertobefound?
344Whether,nevertheless,menshouldnotinallthingsaimatperfection?And,therefore,whetheranywiseandgoodmanwouldbeagainstapplyingremedies?Butwhetheritisnotnaturaltowishforabenevolentphysician?
345Whetherthepublichappinessbenotproposedbythelegislature,andwhethersuchhappinessdothnotcontainthatoftheindividuals?
346Whether,therefore,alegislatorshouldbecontentwithavulgarshareofknowledge?Whetherheshouldnotbeapersonofreflexionandthought,whohathmadeithisstudytounderstandthetruenatureandinterestofmankind,howtoguidemen’shumoursandpassions,howtoincitetheiractivepowers,howtomaketheirseveraltalentsco—operatetothemutualbenefitofeachother,andthegeneralgoodofthewhole?
347Whetheritdothnotfollowthataboveallthingsagentleman’scareshouldbetokeephisownfacultiessoundandentire?
348Whetherthenaturalphlegmofthisislandneedsanyadditionalstupefier?
349Whetherallspirituousliquorsarenotintruthopiates?
350Whetherourmenofbusinessarenotgenerallyverygravebyfifty?
351Whetherallmenhavenotfacultiesofmindorbodywhichmaybeemployedforthepublicbenefit?
352Whetherthemainpointbenottomultiplyandemployourpeople?
353Whetherheartyfoodandwarmclothingwouldnotenableandencouragethelowersorttolabour?
354Whether,insuchasoilasours,iftherewasindustry,therecouldbewant?
355Whetherthewaytomakemenindustriousbenottoletthemtastethefruitsoftheirindustry?Andwhetherthelabouringoxshouldbemuzzled?
356Whetherourlandlordsaretobetoldthatindustryandnumberswouldraisethevalueoftheirlands,orthatoneacreabouttheTholselisworthtenthousandacresinConnaught?
357WhetherouroldnativeIrisharenotthemostindolentandsupinepeopleinChristendom?
358Whethertheyareyetcivilized,andwhethertheirhabitationsandfurniturearenotmoresordidthanthoseofthesavageAmericans?
359Whetheritbenotasadcircumstancetoliveamonglazybeggars?Andwhether,ontheotherhand,itwouldnotbedelightfultoliveinacountryswarming,likeChina,withbusypeople?
360Whetherweshouldnotcastabout,byallmannerofmeans,toexciteindustry,andtoremovewhateverhindersit?Andwhethereveryoneshouldnotlendahelpinghand?
361Whethervanityitselfshouldnotbeengagedinthisgoodwork?Andwhetheritisnottobewishedthatthefindingofemploymentforthemselvesandotherswereafashionabledistinctionamongtheladies?
362Whetheridlenessbethemotherorthedaughterofspleen?
363WhetheritmaynotbeworthwhiletopublishtheconversationofIschomachusandhiswifeinXenophon,fortheuseofourladies?
364Whetheritistruethattherehavebeen,uponatime,onehundredmillionsofpeopleemployedinChina,withoutthewoollentrade,oranyforeigncommerce?
365WhetherthenaturalinducementstoslotharenotgreaterintheMogul’scountrythaninIreland,andyetwhether,inthatsuffocatinganddispiritingclimate,theBanyansarenotall,men,women,andchildren,constantlyemployed?
366WhetheritbenottruethatthegreatMogul’ssubjectsmightunderselluseveninourownmarkets,andclotheourpeoplewiththeirstuffsandcalicoes,iftheywereimporteddutyfree?
367Whethertherecanbeagreaterreproachontheleadingmenandthepatriotsofacountry,thanthatthepeopleshouldwantemployment?Andwhethermethodsmaynotbefoundtoemployeventhelameandtheblind,thedumb,thedeaf,andthemaimed,insomeorotherbranchofourmanufactures?
368Whethermuchmaynotbeexpectedfromabiennialconsultationofsomanywisemenaboutthepublicgood?
369Whetherataxupondirtwouldnotbeonewayofencouragingindustry?
370Whetheritwouldbeagreathardshipifeveryparishwereobligedtofindworkfortheirpoor?
371Whetherchildrenespeciallyshouldnotbeinuredtolabourbetimes?
372Whetherthereshouldnotbeerected,ineachprovince,anhospitalfororphansandfoundlings,attheexpenseofoldbachelors?
373WhetheritbetruethatintheDutchworkhousesthingsaresomanagedthatachildfouryearsoldmayearnitsownlivelihood?
374Whatafollyisittobuildfinehouses,orestablishlucrativepostsandlargeincomes,underthenotionofprovidingforthepoor?
375Whetherthepoor,grownupandinhealth,needanyotherprovisionbuttheirownindustry,underpublicinspection?
376Whetherthepoor—taxinEnglandhathlessenedorincreasedthenumberofthepoor?
377Whetherworkhousesshouldnotbemadeattheleastexpense,withclayfloors,andwallsofroughstone,withoutplastering,ceiling,orglazing?
378Whetheritbeanimpossibleattempttosetourpeopleatwork,orwhetherindustrybeahabitwhich,likeotherhabits,maybytimeandskillbeintroducedamonganypeople?
379Whetherallmannerofmeansshouldnotbeemployedtopossessthenationingeneralwithanaversionandcontemptforidlenessandallidlefolk?
380Whetheritwouldbeahardshiponpeopledestituteofallthings,ifthepublicfurnishedthemwithnecessarieswhichtheyshouldbeobligedtoearnbytheirlabour?
381Whetherothernationshavenotfoundgreatbenefitfromtheuseofslavesinrepairinghighroads,makingriversnavigable,drainingbogs,erectingpublicbuildings,bridges,andmanufactures?
382Whethertemporaryservitudewouldnotbethebestcureforidlenessandbeggary?
383Whetherthepublichathnotarighttoemploythosewhocannotorwhowillnotfindemploymentforthemselves?
384Whetherallsturdybeggarsshouldnotbeseizedandmadeslavestothepublicforacertaintermofyears?
385Whetherhewhoischainedinajailordungeonhathnot,forthetime,losthisliberty?Andifso,whethertemporaryslaverybenotalreadyadmittedamongus?
386Whetherastateofservitude,whereinheshouldbewellworked,fed,andclothed,wouldnotbeaprefermenttosuchafellow?
387Whethercriminalsinthefreestcountrymaynotforfeittheirliberty,andrepairthedamagetheyhavedonethepublicbyhardlabour?
388Whattheword’servant’signifiesintheNewTestament?
389Whethertheviewofcriminalschainedinpairsandkeptathardlabourwouldnotbeveryedifyingtothemultitude?
390WhetherthewantofsuchaninstitutionbenotplainlyseeninEngland,wherethedisbeliefofafuturestatehardenethroguesagainstthefearofdeath,andwhere,throughthegreatgrowthofrobbersandhousebreakers,itbecomeseverydaymorenecessary?
391Whetheritbenoteasiertopreventthantoremedy,andwhetherweshouldnotprofitbytheexampleofothers?
392Whetherfelonsarenotoftenspared,andthereforeencouraged,bythecompassionofthosewhoshouldprosecute。
them?
393Whethermanythatwouldnottakeawaythelifeofathiefmaynotneverthelessbewillingtobringhimtoamoreadequatepunishment?
394Whetherthemostindolentwouldbefondofidleness,iftheyregardeditasthesureroadtohardlabour?
395Whethertheindustryofthelowerpartofourpeopledothnotmuchdependontheexpenseoftheupper?
396Whatwouldbetheconsequenceifourgentryaffectedtodistinguishthemselvesbyfinehousesratherthanfineclothes?
397WhetheranypeopleinEuropearesomeanlyprovidedwithhousesandfurniture,inproportiontotheirincomes,asthemenofestatesinIreland?
398Whetherbuildingwouldnotpeculiarlyencourageallotherartsinthiskingdom?
399Whethersmiths,masons,bricklayers,plasterers,carpenters,joiners,tilers,plumbers,andglazierswouldnotallfindemploymentifthehumourofbuildingprevailed?
400Whethertheornamentsandfurnitureofagoodhousedonotemployanumberofallsortsofartificers,iniron,wood,marble,brass,pewter,copper,wool,flax,anddiversothermaterials?
401Whetherinbuildingsandgardensagreatnumberofday—labourersdonotfindemployment?
402Whetherbythesemeansmuchofthatsustenanceandwealthofthisnationwhichnowgoestoforeignerswouldnotbekeptathome,andnourishandcirculateamongourownpeople?
403Whether,asindustryproducedgoodliving,thenumberofhandsandmouthswouldnotbeincreased;andinproportionthereunto,whethertherewouldnotbeeverydaymoreoccasionforagriculture?Andwhetherthisarticlealonewouldnotemployaworldofpeople?
404Whethersuchmanagementwouldnotequallyprovideforthemagnificenceoftherich,andthenecessitiesofthepoor?
405Whetheranexpenseinbuildingandimprovementsdothnotremainathome,passtotheheir,andadornthepublic?Andwhetheranyofthosethingscanbesaidofclaret?
406Whetherfoolsdonotmakefashions,andwisemenfollowthem?
407Whether,foronewhohurtshisfortunebyimprovements,twentydonotruinthemselvesbyforeignluxury?
408WhetherinproportionasIrelandwasimprovedandbeautifiedbyfineseats,thenumberofabsenteeswouldnotdecrease?
409Whetherhewhoemploysmeninbuildingsandmanufacturesdothnotputlifeinthecountry,andwhethertheneighbourhoodroundhimbenotobservedtothrive?
410Whethermoneycirculatedonthelandlord’sownlands,andamonghisowntenants,dothnotreturnintohisownpocket?
411Whethereverysquirethatmadehisdomainswarmwithbusyhands,likeabee—hiveorant—hill,wouldnotservehisowninterest,aswellasthatofhiscountry?
412Whetheragentlemanwhohathseenalittleoftheworld,andobservedhowmenliveelsewhere,cancontentedlysitdowninacold,damp,sordidhabitation,inthemidstofableakcountry,inhabitedbythievesandbeggars?
413Whether,ontheotherhand,ahandsomeseatamidstwell—improvedlands,fairvillages,andathrivingneighbourhoodmaynotinviteamantodwellonhisownestate,andquitthelifeofaninsignificantsauntererabouttownforthatofausefulcountry—gentleman?
414Whetheritwouldnotbeofuseandornamentifthetownsthroughoutthiskingdomwereprovidedwithdecentchurches,townhouses,workhouses,market—places,andpavedstreets,withsomeordertakenforcleanliness?
415Whether,ifeachofthesetownswereaddictedtosomepeculiarmanufacture,weshouldnotfindthattheemployingmanyhandstogetheronthesameworkwasthewaytoperfectourworkmen?Andwhetherallthesethingsmightnotsoonbeprovidedbyadomesticindustry,ifmoneywerenotwanting?
416Whethermoneycouldeverbewantingtothedemandsofindustry,ifwehadanationalbank?
417WhetherthefableofHerculesandthecartereversuitedanynationlikethisnationofIreland?
418Whetheritbenotanewspectacleunderthesun,tobehold,insuchaclimateandsuchasoil,andundersuchagentlegovernment,somanyroadsuntrodden,fieldsuntilled,housesdesolate,andhandsunemployed?
419WhetherthereisanycountryinChristendom,eitherkingdomorrepublic,dependingorindependent,freeorenslaved,whichmaynotaffordusausefullesson?
420WhetherthefrugalSwisseshaveanyothercommoditiesbuttheirbutterandcheeseandafewcattle,forexportation;
whether,nevertheless,thesinglecantonofBernehathnotinherpublictreasurytwomillionssterling?
421WhetherthatsmalltownofBerne,withitsscantybarrenterritory,inamountainouscorner,withoutsea—ports,withoutmanufactures,withoutmines,benotrichbymeredintoffrugality?
422WhethertheSwissesingeneralhavenotsumptuarylaws,prohibitingtheuseofgold,jewels,silver,silk,andlaceintheirapparel,andindulgingthewomenonlytowearsilkonfestivals,weddings,andpublicsolemnities?
423Whethertherebenottwowaysofgrowingrich,sparingandgetting?Butwhetherthelazyspendthriftmustnotbedoublypoor?
424Whethermoneycirculatingbenotthelifeofindustry;andwhetherthewantthereofdothnotrenderaStategoutyandinactive?
425Butwhether,ifwehadanationalbank,andourpresentcash(smallasitis)wereputintothemostconvenientshape,menshouldhearanypubliccomplaintsforwantofmoney?
426Whetherallcirculationbenotalikeacirculationofcredit,whatsoevermedium(metalorpaper)isemployed,andwhethergoldbeanymorethancreditforsomuchpower?
427WhetherthewealthoftherichestnationsinChristendomdothnotconsistinpapervastlymorethaningoldandsilver?
428WhetherLordClarendondothnotaverofhisownknowledge,thatthePrinceofOrange,withthebestcredit,andtheassistanceoftherichestmeninAmsterdam,wasabovetendaysendeavouringtoraise?0,000inspecie,withoutbeingabletoraisehalfthesuminallthattime?(SeeClarendon’sHistory,BK。XII)
429Supposingtherehadbeenhithertonosuchthingasabank,andthequestionwerenowfirstproposed,whetheritwouldbesafertocirculateunlimitedbillsinaprivatecredit,orbillstoalimitedvalueonthepubliccreditofthecommunity,whatwouldmenthink?
430Whetherthemaxim,’Whatiseverybody’sbusinessisnobody’s,’prevailsinanycountryunderthesunmorethaninIreland?
431Whethertheunitedstockofanationbenotthebestsecurity?AndwhetheranythingbuttheruinoftheStatecanproduceanationalbankruptcy?
432Whetherthetotalsumofthepublictreasure,power,andwisdom,allco—operating,benotmostlikelytoestablishabankofcredit,sufficienttoanswertheends,relievethewants,andsatisfythescruplesofallpeople?
433WhetherLondonisnottobeconsideredasthemetropolisofIreland?Andwhetherourwealth(suchasitis)dothnotcirculatethroughLondonandthroughoutallEngland,asfreelyasthatofanypartofhisMajesty’sdominions?
434WhetherthereforeitbenotevidentlytheinterestofthepeopleofEnglandtoencourageratherthantoopposeanationalbankinthiskingdom,aswellaseveryothermeansforadvancingourwealthwhichshallnotimpairtheirown?
435Whetheritisnotourinteresttobeusefultothemratherthanrivalthem;andwhetherinthatcasewemaynotbesureoftheirgoodoffices?
436WhetherwecanproposetothrivesolongasweentertainawrongheadeddistrustofEngland?
437Whether,asanationalbankwouldincreaseourindustry,andthatourwealth,Englandmaynotbeaproportionablegainer;andwhetherweshouldnotconsiderthegainsofourmother—countryassomeaccessiontoourown?
438Whethertherebeanydifficultyincomprehendingthatthewholewealthofthenationisintruththestockofanationalbank?Andwhetheranymorethantherightcomprehensionofthisbenecessarytomakeallmeneasywithregardtoitscredit?
439Whethertheprejudicesaboutgoldandsilverarenotstrong,butwhethertheyarenotstillprejudices?
440Whetherpaperdothnotbyitsstampandsignatureacquirealocalvalue,andbecomeaspreciousandasscarceasgold?Andwhetheritbenotmuchfittertocirculatelargesums,andthereforepreferabletogold?
441Whetheritdothnotmuchimporttohavearightconceptionofmoney?Andwhetheritstrueandjustideabenotthatofaticket,entitlingtopower,andfittedtorecordandtransfersuchpower?
442ThoughthebankofAmsterdamdothveryrarely,ifatall,payoutmoney,yetwhethereverymanpossessedofspeciebenotreadytoconvertitintopaper,andactascashiertothebank?Andwhether,fromthesamemotive,everymoniedmanthroughoutthiskingdomwouldnotbecashiertoournationalbank?
443Whetherwemaynotobtainthatasfriendswhichitisinvaintohopeforasrivals?
444WhetherineveryinstancebywhichweprejudiceEngland,wedonotinagreaterdegreeprejudiceourselves?
445Whetherintherudeoriginalofsocietythefirststepwasnottheexchangingofcommodities;thenextasubstitutingofmetalsbyweightasthecommonmediumofcirculation;afterthisthemakinguseofcoin;lastly,afurtherrefinementbytheuseofpaperwithpropermarksandsignatures?Andwhetherthis,asitisthelast,soitbenotthegreatestimprovement?
446Whetherwearenotinfacttheonlypeoplewhomaybesaidtostarveinthemidstofplenty?
447Whethertherecanbeaworsesignthanthatpeopleshouldquittheircountryforalivelihood?Thoughmenoftenleavetheircountryforhealth,orpleasure,orriches,yettoleaveitmerelyforalivelihood,whetherthisbenotexceedingbad,andshewethsomepeculiarmismanagement?
448Whether,inordertoredressourevils,artificialhelpsarenotmostwantedinalandwhereindustryismostagainstthenaturalgrainofthepeople?
449Whether,althoughtheprepossessionsaboutgoldandsilverhavetakendeeproot,yettheexampleofourColoniesinAmericadothnotmakeitasplainasday—lightthattheyarenotsonecessarytothewealthofanationasthevulgarofallranksimagine?
450Whetheritbenotevidentthatwemaymaintainamuchgreaterinwardandoutwardcommerce,andbefivetimesricherthanweare,nay,andourbillsabroadbeoffargreatercredit,thoughwehadnotoneounceofgoldorsilverinthewholeisland?
451Whetherwrongheadedmaxims,customs,andfashionsarenotsufficienttodestroyanypeoplewhichhathsofewresourcesastheinhabitantsofIreland。
452Whetheritwouldnotbeahorriblethingtoseeourmatronsmakedressandplaytheirchiefconcern?
453WhetherourladiesmightnotaswellendowmonasteriesaswearFlanderslace?AndwhetheritbenottruethatPopishnunsaremaintainedbyProtestantcontributions?
454WhetherEngland,whichhathafreetrade,whateversheremitsforforeignluxurywithonehand,dothnotwiththeotherreceivemuchmorefromabroad?Whether,nevertheless,thisnationwouldnotbeagainer,ifourwomenwouldcontentthemselveswiththesamemoderationinpointofexpenseastheEnglishladies?
455ButwhetheritbenotanotorioustruththatourIrishladiesareonafoot,astodress,withthoseoffivetimestheirfortuneinEngland?
456Whetheritbenotevencertainthatthematronsofthisforlorncountrysendoutagreaterproportionofitswealth,forfineapparel,thananyotherfemalesonthewholesurfaceofthisterraqueousglobe?
457Whethertheexpense,greatasitis,bethegreatestevil;
butwhetherthisfollymaynotproducemanyotherfollies,anentirederangementofdomesticlife,absurdmanners,neglectofduties,badmothers,ageneralcorruptioninbothsexes?
458Whetherthefirstbeginningofexpedientsdonotalwaysmeetwithprejudices?Andwhethereventheprejudicesofapeopleoughtnottoberespected?
459Whetheranationalbankbenotthetruephilosopher’sstoneinaState?
460Whetherallregulationsofcoinshouldnotbemadewithaviewtoencourageindustry,andacirculationofcommerce,throughoutthekingdom?
461Whethertooilthewheelsofcommercebenotacommonbenefit?Andwhetherthisbenotdonebyavoidingfractionsandmultiplyingsmallsilver?
462Whether,allthingsconsidered,ageneralraisingthevalueofgoldandsilverbenotsofarfrombringinggreaterquantitiesthereofintothekingdomthatitwouldproduceadirectcontraryeffect,inasmuchasless,inthatcase,wouldserve,andthereforelessbewanted?Andwhethermendonotimportacommodityinproportiontothedemandorwantofit?
463WhethertheloweringofourgoldwouldnotcreateafeverintheState?Andwhetherafeverbenotsometimesacure,butwhetheritbenotthelastcureamanwouldchoose?
464Whetherraisingthevalueofaparticularspecieswillnottendtomultiplysuchspecies,andtolessenothersinproportionthereunto?Andwhetheramuchlessquantityofcashinsilverwouldnot,inreality,enrichthenationmorethanamuchgreateringold?
465Whether,ceterisparibus,itbenottruethatthepricesofthingsincreaseasthequantityofmoneyincreaseth,andarediminishedasthatisdiminished?Andwhether,bythequantityofmoneyisnottobeunderstoodtheamountofthedenominations,allcontractsbeingnominalforpounds,shillings,andpence,andnotforweightsofgoldorsilver?
466Whetherourexportsdonotconsistofsuchnecessariesasothercountriescannotwellbewithout?
467Whetheruponthecirculationofanationalbankmorelandwouldnotbetilled,morehandsemployed,andconsequentlymorecommoditiesexported?
468Whethersilverandsmallmoneybenotthatwhichcirculatesthequickest,andpasseththroughallhands,ontheroad,inthemarket,attheshop?
469Whether,allthingsconsidered,itwouldnotbebetterforakingdomthatitscashconsistedofhalfamillioninsmallsilver,thanoffivetimesthatsumingold?
470Whethertherebenoteverydayfivehundredlesserpaymentsmadeforonethatrequiresgold?
471WhetherSpain,wheregoldbearsthehighestvalue,benotthelaziest,andChina,whereitbearsthelowest,benotthemostindustriouscountryintheknownworld?
472WhetheritbenotevidentlytheinterestofeveryState,thatitsmoneyshouldrathercirculatethanstagnate?
473Whethertheprincipaluseofcashbenotitsreadypassingfromhandtohand,toanswercommonoccasionsofthecommonpeople,andwhethercommonoccasionsofallsortsofpeoplearenotsmallones?
474Whetherbusinessatfairsandmarketsisnotoftenatastandandoftenhindered,eventhoughthesellerhathhiscommoditiesathandandthepurchaserhisgold,yetforwantofchange?
475Aswealthisreallypower,andcoinaticketconveyingpower,whetherthoseticketswhicharethefittestforthatuseoughtnottobepreferred?
476Whetherthoseticketswhichsinglytransfersmallsharesofpower,and,beingmultiplied,largeshares,arenotfitterforcommonusethanthosewhichsinglytransferlargeshares?
477Whetherthepublicisnotmorebenefitedbyashillingthatcirculatesthanapoundthatliesdead?
478Whethersixpencetwicepaidbenotasgoodasashillingoncepaid?
479Whetherthesameshillingcirculatinginavillagemaynotsupplyonemanwithbread,anotherwithstockings,athirdwithaknife,afourthwithpaper,afifthwithnails,andsoanswermanywantswhichmustotherwisehaveremainedunsatisfied?
480Whetherfacilitatingandquickeningthecirculationofpowertosupplywantsbenotthepromotingofwealthandindustryamongthelowerpeople?Andwhetheruponthisthewealthofthegreatdothnotdepend?
481Whether,withoutthepropermeansofcirculation,itbenotvaintohopeforthrivingmanufacturersandabusypeople?
482WhetherfourpoundsinsmallcashmaynotcirculateandenlivenanIrishmarket,whichmanyfour—poundpieceswouldpermittostagnate?
483Whetheramanthatcouldmovenothinglessthanahundred—poundweightwouldnotbemuchatalosstosupplyhiswants;andwhetheritwouldnotbebetterforhimtobelessstrongandmoreactive?
484Whetherthenaturalbodycanbeinastateofhealthandvigourwithoutaduecirculationoftheextremities,even?Andwhetherthepoliticalbody,anyinthefingersandtoesmorethanthenatural,canthrivewithoutaproportionablecirculationthroughtheminutestandmostinconsiderablepartsthereof?
485Ifwehadamintforcoiningonlyshillings,sixpences,andcopper—money,whetherthenationwouldnotsoonfeelthegoodeffectsthereof?
486Whetherthegreaterwastebywearingofsmallcoinswouldnotbeabundantlyoverbalancedbytheirusefulness?
487WhetheritbenottheindustryofcommonpeoplethatfeedstheState,andwhetheritbepossibletokeepthisindustryalivewithoutsmallmoney?
488Whetherthewantofthisbenotagreatbartoouremployingthepeopleinthesemanufactureswhichareopentous,anddonotinterferewithGreatBritain?
489Whetherthereforesuchwantdothnotdrivemenintothelazywayofemployinglandundersheep—walk?
490WhethertherunningofwoolfromIrelandcansoeffectuallybepreventedasbyencouragingotherbusinessandmanufacturesamongourpeople?
491WhatevercommoditiesGreatBritainimportethwhichwemightsupply,whetheritbenotherrealinteresttoimportthemfromusratherthanfromanyotherpeople?
492Whethertheapprehensionofmanyamongus(whoforthatveryreasonsticktotheirwool),thatEnglandmayhereafterprohibit,limit,ordiscourageourlinentrade,whenithathbeenonce,withgreatpainsandexpense,thoroughlyintroducedandsettledinthisland,benotaltogethergroundlessandunjust?
493Whetheritispossibleforthiscountry,whichhathneitherminesofgoldnorafreetrade,tosupportforanytimethesendingoutofspecie?
494Whetherinfactourpaymentsarenotmadebybills?Andwhetherourforeigncreditdothnotdependonourdomesticindustry,andourbillsonthatcredit?
495Whether,inordertomendit,weoughtnotfirsttoknowthepeculiarwretchednessofourstate?Andwhethertherebeanyknowingofthisbutbycomparison?
496WhethertherearenotsinglemarkettownsinEnglandthatturnmoremoneyinbuyingandsellingthanwholecounties(perhapsprovinces)withus?
497WhetherthesmalltownofBirminghamalonedothnot,uponanaverage,circulateeveryweek,onewayorother,tothevalueoffiftythousandpounds?Butwhetherthesamecrownmaynotbeoftenpaid?
498WhetheranykingdominEuropebesogoodacustomeratBordeauxasIreland?
499WhetherthepoliceandeconomyofFrancebenotgovernedbywisecouncils?Andwhetheranyonefromthiscountry,whoseestheirtowns,andmanufactures,andcommerce,willnotwonderwhatoursenatorshavebeendoing?
500WhatvarietyandnumberofexcellentmanufacturesaretobemetwiththroughoutthewholekingdomofFrance?
501Whethertherearenoteverywheresomeorothermillsformanyuses,forgesandfurnacesforiron—work,loomsfortapestry,glass—houses,andsoforth?
502Whatquantitiesofpaper,stockings,hats;whatmanufacturesofwool,silk,linen,hemp,leather,wax,earthenware,brass,lead,tin,&c?
503WhetherthemanufacturesandcommerceofthesingletownofLyonsdonotamounttoagreatervaluethanallthemanufacturesandallthetradeofthiskingdomtakentogether?
504Whether,intheanniversaryfairatthesmalltownofBeaucaireupontheRhone,therebenotasmuchmoneylaidoutasthecurrentcashofthiskingdomamountsto?
505Whethertheveryshredsshornfromwoollencloth,whicharethrownawayinIreland,donotmakeabeautifultapestryinFrance?
506WhethertherebenotFrenchtownssubsistedmerelybymakingpins?
507Whetherthecoarsefingersofthoseverywomen,thosesamepeasantswhoonepartoftheyeartillthegroundanddressthevineyards,arenotanotheremployedinmakingthefinestFrenchpoint?
508Whetherthereisnotagreatnumberofidlefingersamongthewivesanddaughtersofourpeasants?
509WhethertheFrenchdonotraiseatradefromsaffron,dyeingdrugs,andthelikeproducts,whichmaydowithusaswellaswiththem?
510Whetherwemaynothavematerialsofourowngrowthtosupplyallmanufactures,aswellasFrance,exceptsilk,andwhetherthebulkofwhatsilkevenFrancemanufacturesbenotimported?
511Whetheritbepossibleforthiscountrytogrowrich,solongaswhatismadebydomesticindustryisspentinforeignluxury?
512WhetherournaturalIrisharenotpartlySpaniardsandpartlyTartars,andwhethertheydonotbearsignaturesoftheirdescentfromboththesenations,whichisalsoconfirmedbyalltheirhistories?
513WhethertheTartarprogenyisnotnumerousinthisland?Andwhetherthereisanidleroccupationunderthesunthantoattendflocksandherdsofcattle?
514WhetherthewisdomoftheStateshouldnotwrestlewiththishereditarydispositionofourTartars,andwithahighhandintroduceagriculture?
515WhetheronceuponatimeFrancedidnot,byherlinenalone,drawyearlyfromSpainabouteightmillionsoflivres?
516WhethertheFrenchhavenotsufferedintheirlinentradewithSpain,bynotmakingtheirclothofduebreadth;andwhetheranyotherpeoplehavesuffered,andarestilllikelytosuffer,throughthesameprevarication?
517WhethertheSpaniardsarenotrichandlazy,andwhethertheyhavenotaparticularinclinationandfavourfortheinhabitantsofthisisland?Butwhetherapunctualpeopledonotlovepunctualdealers?
518WhetheraboutfourteenyearsagowehadnotcomeintoaconsiderableshareofthelinentradewithSpain,andwhatputastoptothis?
519Whether,ifthelinenmanufacturewerecarriedonintheotherprovincesaswellasintheNorth,themerchantsofCork,Limerick,andGalwaywouldnotsoonfindthewaytoSpain?
520WhetherthewoollenmanufactureofEnglandisnotdividedintoseveralpartsorbranches,appropriatedtoparticularplaces,wheretheyareonlyorprincipallymanufactured;fineclothsinSomersetshire,coarseinYorkshire,longellsatExeter,saiesatSudbury,crapesatNorwich,linseysatKendal,blanketsatWitney,andsoforth?
521Whethertheunitedskill,industry,andemulationofmanytogetheronthesameworkbenotthewaytoadvanceit?AndwhetherithadbeenotherwisepossibleforEnglandtohavecarriedonherwoollenmanufacturetosogreatperfection?
522Whetheritwouldnotonmanyaccountsberightifweobservedthesamecoursewithrespecttoourlinenmanufacture;andthatdiapersweremadeinonetownordistrict,damasksinanother,sheetinginathird,finewearinglineninafourth,coarseinafifth,inanothercambrics,inanotherthreadandstockings,inothersstampedlinen,orstripedlinen,ortickings,ordyedlinen,ofwhichlastkindsthereissogreataconsumptionamongtheseafaringmenofallnations?
523Whetheritmaynotbeworthwhiletoinformourselvesofthedifferentsortsoflinenwhichareinrequestamongdifferentpeople?
524WhetherwedonotyearlyconsumeofFrenchwinesaboutathousandtunsmorethaneitherSwedenorDenmark,andyetwhetherthosenationspayreadymoneyaswedo?
525WhetheritbenotacustomforsomethousandsofFrenchmentogoaboutthebeginningofMarchintoSpain,andhavingtilledthelandsandgatheredtheharvestofSpain,toreturnhomewithmoneyintheirpocketsabouttheendofNovember?
526WhetheroflateyearsourIrishlabourersdonotcarryonthesamebusinessinEnglandtothegreatdiscontentofmanythere?
ButwhetherwehavenotmuchmorereasonthanthepeopleofEnglandtobedispleasedatthiscommerce?
527Whether,notwithstandingthecashsupposedtobebroughtintoit,anynationis,intruth,againerbysuchtraffic?
528Whethertheindustryofourpeopleemployedinforeignlands,whileourownareleftuncultivated,benotagreatlosstothecountry?
529Whetheritwouldnotbemuchbetterforus,if,insteadofsendingourmenabroad,wecoulddrawmenfromtheneighbouringcountriestocultivateourown?
530Whether,nevertheless,wearenotapttothinkthemoneyimportedbyourlabourerstobesomuchcleargainstothiscountry,butwhetheralittlereflexionandalittlepoliticalarithmeticmaynotshewusourmistake?
531Whetherourprejudicesaboutgoldandsilverarenotveryapttoinfectormisguideourjudgmentsandreasoningsaboutthepublicweal?
532Whetheritbenotagoodrulewherebytojudgeofthetradeofanycity,anditsusefulness,toobservewhetherthereisacirculationthroughtheextremities,andwhetherthepeopleroundaboutarebusyandwarm?
533Whetherwehadnot,someyearssince,amanufactureofhatsatAthlone,andofearthenwareatArklow,andwhatbecameofthosemanufactures?
534Whywedonotmaketilesofourown,forflooringandroofing,ratherthanbringthemfromHolland?
535WhatmanufacturesarethereinFranceandVeniceofgilt—leather,howcheapandhowsplendidafurniture?
536Whetherwemaynot,forthesameuse,manufacturediversthingsathomeofmorebeautyandvarietythanwainscot,whichisimportedatsuchexpensefromNorway?
537Whethertheuseandthefashionwillnotsoonmakeamanufacture?
538Whether,ifourgentryusedtodrinkmeadandcider,weshouldnotsoonhavethoseliquorsintheutmostperfectionandplenty?
539Whetheritbenotwonderfulthatwithsuchpastures,andsomanyblackcattle,wedonotfindourselvesincheese?
540Whethergreatprofitsmaynotbemadebyfisheries;butwhetherthoseofourIrishwholivebythatbusinessdonotcontrivetobedrunkandunemployedonehalfoftheyear?
541WhetheritbenotfollytothinkaninwardcommercecannotenrichaState,becauseitdothnotincreaseitsquantityofgoldandsilver?Andwhetheritispossibleacountryshould?notthrive,whilewantsaresupplied,andbusinessgoeson?
542Whetherplentyofallthenecessariesandcomfortsoflifebenotrealwealth?
543WhetherLyons,bytheadvantageofhermidlandsituationandtheriversRhoneandSaone,benotagreatmagazineormartforinwardcommerce?AndwhethershedothnotmaintainaconstanttradewithmostpartsofFrance;withProvenceforoilsanddriedfruits,forwinesandclothwithLanguedoc,forstuffswithChampagne,forlinenwithPicardy,Normandy,andBrittany,forcornwithBurgundy?
544Whethershedothnotreceiveandutterallthosecommodities,andraiseaprofitfromthedistributionthereof,aswellasofherownmanufactures,throughoutthekingdomofFrance?
545Whetherthechargeofmakinggoodroadsandnavigableriversacrossthecountrywouldnotbereallyrepaidbyaninwardcommerce?
546Whether,asourtradeandmanufacturesincreased,magazinesshouldnotbeestablishedinproperplaces,fittedbytheirsituation,neargreatroadsandnavigablerivers,lakes,orcanals,forthereadyreceptionanddistributionofallsortsofcommoditiesfromandtotheseveralpartsofthekingdom;andwhetherthetownofAthlone,forinstance,maynotbefitlysituatedforsuchamagazine,orcentreofdomesticcommerce?
547Whetheraninwardtradewouldnotcauseindustrytoflourish,andmultiplythecirculationofourcoin,andwhetherthismaynotdoaswellasmultiplyingthecoinitself?
548Whetherthebenefitsofadomesticcommercearesufficientlyunderstoodandattendedto;andwhetherthecausethereofbenottheprejudicedandnarrowwayofthinkingaboutgoldandsilver?
549Whethertherebeanyothermoreeasyandunenviedmethodofincreasingthewealthofapeople?
550Whetherweofthisislandarenotfromourpeculiarcircumstancesdeterminedtothisverycommerceaboveanyother,fromthenumberofnecessariesandgoodthingsthatwepossesswithinourselves,fromtheextentandvarietyofoursoil,fromthenavigableriversandgoodroadswhichwehaveormayhave,atalessexpensethananypeopleinEurope,fromourgreatplentyofmaterialsformanufactures,andparticularlyfromtherestraintswelieunderwithregardtoourforeigntrade?
551Whetherannualinventoriesshouldnotbepublishedofthefairsthroughoutthekingdom,inordertojudgeofthegrowthofitscommerce?
552WhethertherebenoteveryyearmorecashcirculatedatthecardtablesofDublinthanatallthefairsofIreland?
553Whetherthewealthofacountrywillnotbearproportiontotheskillandindustryofitsinhabitants?
554Whetherforeignimportsthattendtopromoteindustryshouldnotbeencouraged,andsuchashaveatendencytopromoteluxuryshouldnotbediscouraged?
555WhethertheannualbalanceoftradebetweenItalyandLyonsbenotaboutfourmillionsinfavouroftheformer,andyet,whetherLyonsbenotagainerbythistrade?
556Whetherthegeneralrule,ofdeterminingtheprofitofacommercebyitsbalance,dothnot,likeothergeneralrules,admitofexceptions?
557Whetheritwouldnotbeamonstrousfollytoimportnothingbutgoldandsilver,supposingwemightdoit,fromeveryforeignparttowhichwetrade?Andyet,whethersomemenmaynotthinkthisfoolishcircumstanceaveryhappyone?
558ButwhetherwedonotallseetheridiculeoftheMogul’ssubjects,whotakefromusnothingbutoursilver,andburyitunderground,inordertomakesurethereofagainsttheresurrection?
559Whetherhemustnotbeawrongheadedpatriotorpolitician,whoseultimateviewwasdrawingmoneyintoacountry,andkeepingitthere?
560Whetheritbenotevidentthatnotgoldbutindustrycausethacountrytoflourish?
561Whetheritwouldnotbeasillyprojectinanynationtohopetogrowrichbyprohibitingtheexportationofgoldandsilver?
562Whethertherecanbeagreatermistakeinpoliticsthantomeasurethewealthofthenationbyitsgoldandsilver?
563Whethergoldandsilverbenotadrug,wheretheydonotpromoteindustry?Whethertheybenoteventhebaneandundoingofanidlepeople?
564Whethergoldwillnotcauseeitherindustryorvicetoflourish?Andwhetheracountry,whereitflowedinwithoutlabour,mustnotbewretchedanddissolutelikeanislandinhabitedbybuccaneers?
565Whetherartsandvirtuearenotlikelytothrive,wheremoneyismadeameanstoindustry?Butwhethermoneywithoutthiswouldbeablessingtoanypeople?
566Whetherkeepingcashathome,orsendingitabroad,justasitmostservestopromoteindustry,benottherealinterestofeverynation?
567Whethercommoditiesofallkindsdonotnaturallyflowwherethereisthegreatestdemand?Whetherthegreatestdemandforathingbenotwhereitisofmostuse?Whethermoney,likeotherthings,hathnotitsproperuse?Whetherthisusebenottocirculate?Whetherthereforetheremustnotofcoursebemoneywherethereisacirculationofindustry?
568Whetheritisnotagreatpointtoknowwhatwewouldbeat?
AndwhetherwholeStates,aswellasprivatepersons,donotoftenfluctuateforwantofthisknowledge?
569WhethergoldmaynotbecomparedtoSejanus’shorse,ifweconsideritspassagethroughtheworld,andthefateofthosenationswhichhavebeensuccessivelypossessedthereof?
570Whethermeansarenotsofarusefulastheyanswertheend?
Andwhether,indifferentcircumstances,thesameendsarenotobtainedbydifferentmeans?
571Ifweareapoornation,aboundingwithverypoorpeople,willitnotfollowthatafargreaterproportionofourstockshouldbeinthesmallestandlowestspeciesthanwouldsuitwithEngland?
572Whether,therefore,itwouldnotbehighlyexpedientifourmoneywerecoinedofpeculiarvalues,bestfittedtothecircumstancesandusesofourowncountry;andwhetheranyotherpeoplecouldtakeumbrageatourconsultingourownconvenience,inanaffairentirelydomestic,andthatlieswithinourselves?
573Whethereverymandothnotknow,andhathnotlongknown,thatthewantofamintcausethmanyotherwantsinthiskingdom?
574WhatharmdidEnglandsustainaboutthreecenturiesago,whensilverwascoinedinthiskingdom?
575WhatharmwasittoSpainthatherprovincesofNaplesandSicilyhadallalongmintsoftheirown?
576Whetheritmaynotbepresumedthatournothavingaprivilegewhicheveryotherkingdomintheworldenjoys,benotowingtoourwantofdiligenceandunanimityinsolicitingforit?
577WhetheritbenottheinterestofEnglandthatweshouldcultivateadomesticcommerceamongourselves?Andwhetheritcouldgivethemanypossiblejealousy,ifoursmallsumofcashwascontrivedtogoalittlefurther,iftherewasalittlemorelifeinourmarkets,alittlemorebuyingandsellinginourshops,alittlebetterprovisionforthebacksandbelliesofsomanyforlornwretchesthroughoutthetownsandvillagesofthisisland?
578WhetherGreatBritainoughtnottopromotetheprosperityofherColonies,byallmethodsconsistentwithherown?AndwhethertheColoniesthemselvesoughttowishoraimatitbyothers?
579Whethertheremotestpartsfromthemetropolis,andthelowestofthepeople,arenottoberegardedastheextremitiesandcapillariesofthepoliticalbody?
580Whether,althoughthecapillaryvesselsaresmall,yetobstructionsinthemdonotproducegreatchronicaldiseases?
第2章