581Whetherfacultiesarenotenlargedandimprovedbyexercise?
582Whetherthesumofthefacultiesputintoact,or,inotherwords,theunitedactionofawholepeople,dothnotconstitutethemomentumofaState?
583WhethersuchmomentumbenottherealstockorwealthofaState;andwhetheritscreditbenotproportionalthereunto?
584WhetherineverywiseStatethefacultiesofthemindarenotmostconsidered?
585WhetherthemomentumofaStatedothnotimplythewholeexertionofitsfaculties,intellectualandcorporeal;andwhetherthelatterwithouttheformercouldactinconcert?
586Whetherthedividedforceofmen,actingsingly,wouldnotbearopeofsand?
587WhethertheparticularmotionsofthemembersofaState,inoppositedirections,willnotdestroyeachother,andlessenthemomentumofthewhole;butwhethertheymustnotconspiretoproduceagreateffect?
588WhetherthereadymeanstoputspiritintothisState,tofortifyandincreaseitsmomentum,wouldnotbeanationalbank,andplentyofsmallcash?
589Whetherthatwhichemploysandexertstheforceofacommunitydeservesnottobewellconsideredandwellunderstood?
590Whethertheimmediatemover,thebloodandspirits,benotmoney,paper,ormetal;andwhetherthesoulorwillofthecommunity,whichistheprimemoverthatgovernsanddirectsthewhole,benotthelegislature?
591Supposingtheinhabitantsofacountryquitesunkinsloth,orevenfastasleep,whether,uponthegradualawakeningandexertion,firstofthesensitiveandlocomotivefaculties,nextofreasonandreflexion,thenofjusticeandpiety,themomentumofsuchcountryorStatewouldnot,inproportionthereunto,becomestillmoreandmoreconsiderable?
592Whetherthatwhichinthegrowthislastattained,andisthefinishingperfectionofapeople,benotthefirstthinglostintheirdeclension?
593Whetherforcebenotofconsequence,asitisexerted;andwhethergreatforcewithoutgreatwisdommaynotbeanuisance?
594Whethertheforceofachild,appliedwithart,maynotproducegreatereffectsthanthatofagiant?AndwhetherasmallstockinthehandsofawiseStatemaynotgofurther,andproducemoreconsiderableeffects,thanimmensesumsinthehandsofafoolishone?
595WhosefaultisitifpoorIrelandstillcontinuespoor?
QUERIESOMITTED
PartI
29Whether,nevertheless,thedamagewouldbeveryconsiderable,ifbydegreesourmoneywerebroughtbacktotheEnglishvaluetheretorestforever?
30WhethertheEnglishcrowndidnotformerlypasswithusforsixshillings?Andwhatinconvenienceensuedtothepublicuponitsreductiontothepresentvalue,andwhetherwhathathbeenmaynotbe?
52Whetheritbenotabulltocallthatmakinganinterest,wherebyamanspendethmuchandgainethnothing?
55Whethercunningbenotonethingandgoodsenseanother?andwhetheracunningtradesmandothnotstandinhisownlight?
62Whether,consequently,thefinegentlemen,whoseemploymentisonlytodress,drink,andplay,benotapubicnuisance?
73Whetherthosespecimensofourownmanufacture,hungupinacertainpublicplace,donotsufficientlydeclaresuchourignorance?andwhetherforthehonourofthenationtheyoughtnottoberemoved?
201WhetheranynationeverwasingreaterwantofsuchanexpedientthanIreland?
209Whetherthepublicmaynotaswellsavetheinterestwhichitnowpays?
210Whatwouldhappeniftwoofourbanksshouldbreakatonce?
Andwhetheritbewisetoneglectprovidingagainstaneventwhichexperiencehathshewnusnottobeimpossible?
211Whethersuchanaccidentwouldnotparticularlyaffectthebankers?Andthereforewhetheranationalbankwouldnotbeasecurityeventoprivatebankers?
212Whetherwemaynoteasilyavoidtheinconvenienciesattendingthepaper—moneyofNewEngland,whichwereincurredbytheirissuingtoogreataquantityofnotes,bytheirhavingnosilverinbanktoexchangefornotes,bytheirnotinsistinguponrepaymentoftheloansatthetimeprefixed,andespeciallybytheirwantofmanufacturestoanswertheirimportsfromEurope?
213Whetheracombinationofbankersmightnotdowonders,andwhetherbankersknowtheirownstrength?
214Whetherabankinprivatehandsmightnotevenoverturnagovernment?andwhetherthiswasnotthecaseoftheBankofSt。
GeorgeinGenoa?
215WhetherwemaynoteasilypreventtheilleffectsofsuchabankasMrLawproposedforScotland,whichwasfaultyinnotlimitingthequantumofbills,andpermittingallpersonstotakeoutwhatbillstheypleased,uponthemortgageoflands,whencebyaglutofpaper,thepricesofthingsmustrise?Whencealsothefortunesofmenmustincreaseindenomination,thoughnotinvalue;whencepride,idleness,andbeggary?
216WhethersuchbanksasthoseofEnglandandScotlandmightnotbeattendedwithgreatinconveniences,aslodgingtoomuchpowerinthehandsofprivatemen,andgivinghandleformonopolies,stock—jobbing,anddestructiveschemes?
217Whetherthenationalbank,projectedbyananonymouswriterinthelatterendofQueenAnne’sreign,mightnotontheotherhandbeattendedwithasgreatinconvenienciesbylodgingtoomuchpowerintheGovernment?
218WhetherthebankprojectedbyMurray,thoughitpartake,inmanyusefulparticulars,withthatofAmsterdam,yet,asitplacethtoogreatpowerinthehandsofaprivatesociety,mightnotbedangeroustothepublic?
221Whetherthoseeffectscouldhavehappenedhadtherebeennostock—jobbing?Andwhetherstock—jobbingcouldatfirsthavebeensetonfoot,withoutanimaginaryfoundationofsomeimprovementtothestockbytrade?Whether,therefore,whentherearenosuchprospects,orcheats,orprivateschemesproposed,thesameeffectscanbejustlyfeared?
222Whetherbyanationalbank,benotproperlyunderstoodabank,notonlyestablishedbypublicauthorityastheBankofEngland,butabankinthehandsofthepublic,whereintherearenoshares:whereofthepublicaloneisproprietor,andreapsallthebenefit?
223Whether,havingconsideredtheconvenienciesofbankingandpaper—creditinsomecountries,andtheinconvenienciesthereofinothers,wemaynotcontrivetoadopttheformer,andavoidthelatter?
224Whethergreatevils,towhichotherschemesareliable,maynotbeprevented,byexcludingthemanagersofthebankfromashareinthelegislature?
226WhetherthebankproposedtobeestablishedinIreland,underthenotionofanationalbank,bythevoluntarysubscriptionofthreehundredthousandpounds,topayoffthenationaldebt,theinterestofwhichsumtobepaidthesubscribers,subjecttocertaintermsofredemption,benotinrealityaprivatebank,asthoseofEnglandandScotland,whicharenationalonlyinname,beinginthehandsofparticularpersons,andmakingdividendsonthemoneypaidinbysubscribers?
228Whetheritisnotworthwhiletoreflectontheexpedientsmadeuseofbyothernations,paper—money,bank—notes,publicfunds,andcreditinallitsshapes,toexaminewhathathbeendoneanddevisedtoaddtoourownanimadversions,anduponthewholeoffersuchhintsasseemnotunworthytheattentionofthepublic?
230Whetheritmaynotbeexpedienttoappointcertainfundsorstockforanationalbank,underdirectionofcertainpersons,one—thirdwhereoftobenamedbytheGovernment,andone—thirdbyeachHouseofParliament?
231WhetherthedirectorsshouldnotbeexcludedfromsittingineitherHouse,andwhethertheyshouldnotbesubjecttotheauditandvisitationofastandingcommitteeofbothHouses?
232Whethersuchcommitteeofinspectorsshouldnotbechangedeverytwoyears,one—halfgoingout,andanothercominginbyballot?
233Whetherthenotesoughtnottobeissuedinlots,tobeletatinterestonmortgagedlands,thewholenumberoflotstobedividedamongthefourprovinces,rateablytothenumberofhearthsineach?
234Whetheritmaynotbeexpedienttoappointfourcounting—houses,oneineachprovince,forconvertingnotesintospecie?
235Whetheralimitshouldnotbefixed,whichnopersonmightexceed,intakingoutnotes?
236Whether,thebettertoanswerdomesticcirculation,itmaynotberighttoissuenotesaslowastwentyshillings?
237Whetherallthebillsshouldbeissuedatonce,orratherbydegrees,thatsomenmaybegraduallyaccustomedandreconciledtothebank?
238Whetherthekeepingofthecash,andthedirectionofthebank,oughtnottobeindifferenthands,andbothunderpubliccontrol?
239Whetherthesameruleshouldnotalwaybeobserved,oflendingoutmoneyornotes,onlytohalfthevalueofthemortgagedland?andwhetherthisvalueshouldnotalwayberatedatthesamenumberofyears’purchaseasatfirst?
240Whethercareshouldnotbetakentopreventanundueriseofthevalueofland?
241Whethertheincreaseofindustryandpeoplewillnotofcourseraisethevalueofland?Andwhetherthisrisemaynotbesufficient?
242Whetherlandmaynotbeapttoriseontheissuingtoogreatplentyofnotes?
243Whetherthismaynotbepreventedbythegradualandslowissuingofnotes,andbyfrequentsalesoflands?
244Whetherinterestdothnotmeasurethetruevalueofland;forinstance,wheremoneyisatfivepercent,whetherlandisnotworthtwentyyears’purchase?
245Whethertoosmallaproportionofmoneywouldnothurtthelandedman,andtoogreataproportionthemoniedman?Andwhetherthequantumofnotesoughtnottobearproportiontothepubicdemand?Andwhethertrialmustnotshewwhatthisdemandwillbe?
246Whethertheexceedingthismeasuremightnotproducediversbadeffects,onewhereofwouldbethelossofoursilver?
247Whetherinterestpaidintothebankoughtnottogoonaugmentingitsstock?
248Whetheritwouldorwouldnotberighttoappointthatthesaidinterestbepaidinnotesonly?
249Whetherthenotesofthisnationalbankshouldnotbereceivedinallpaymentsintotheexchequer?
250Whetheronsuppositionthatthespecieshouldfail,thecreditwouldnot,nevertheless,stillpass,beingadmittedinallpaymentsofthepublicrevenue?
251Whetherthepubiccanbecomebankruptsolongasthenotesareissuedongoodsecurity?
252Whethermismanagement,prodigalliving,hazardsbytrade,whichoftenaffectprivatebanks,areequallytobeapprehendedinapubicone?
253Whetherascreditbecamecurrent,andthisraisedthevalueofland,thesecuritymustnotofcourserise?
255Whetherbydegrees,asbusinessandpeoplemultiplied,morebillsmaynotbeissued,withoutaugmentingthecapitalstock,providedstill,thattheyareissuedongoodsecurity;whichfurtherissuingofnewbills,nottobewithoutconsentofParliament?
256Whethersuchbankwouldnotbesecure?Whethertheprofitsaccruingtothepubicwouldnotbeveryconsiderable?Andwhetherindustryinprivatepersonswouldnotbesupplied,andageneralcirculationencouraged?
257Whethersuchbankshould,orshouldnot,beallowedtoissuenotesformoneydepositedtherein?And,ifnot,whetherthebankerswouldhavecausetocomplain?
258Whether,ifthepublicthrives,allparticularpersonsmustnotfeelthebenefitthereof,eventhebankersthemselves?
259Whether,besidethebankcompany,therearenotinEnglandmanyprivatewealthybankers,andwhethertheyweremorebeforetheerectingofthatcompany?
261Whetherwehavenotpaper—moneycirculatingamong,whether,therefore,wemightnotaswellhavethatusalreadywhichissecuredbythepublic,andwhereofthepubicreapsthebenefit?
262Whethertherearenottwogeneralwaysofcirculatingmoney,towit,playandtraffic?andwhetherstock—jobbingisnottoberankedundertheformer?
263Whethertherearemorethantwothingsthatmightdrawsilveroutofthebank,whenitscreditwasoncewellestablished,towit,foreigndemandsandsmallpaymentsathome?
264Whether,ifourtradewithFrancewerechecked,theformerofthesecausescouldbesupposedtooperateatall?andwhetherthelattercouldoperatetoanygreatdegree?
267Whetherpaper—moneyornotesmaynotbeissuedfromthenationalbank,onthesecurityofhemp,oflinen,orothermanufactureswherebythepoormightbesupportedintheirindustry?
273Whetherbanksraisedbyprivatesubscriptionwouldbeasadvantageoustothepublicastothesubscribers?andwhetherrisksandfraudsmightnotbemorejustlyapprehendedfromthem?
276Whetheranargumentfromtheabuseofthings,againsttheuseofthem,beconclusive?
277Whetherhewhoisbredtoapartbefittedtojudgeofthewhole?
278Whetherinterestbenotapttobiasjudgment?andwhethertradersonlyaretobeconsultedabouttrade,orbankersaboutmoney?
280Whetheranymanhatharighttojudge,thatwillnotbeatthepainstodistinguish?
281Whethertherebenotawidedifferencebetweentheprofitsgoingtoaugmentthenationalstock,andbeingdividedamongprivatesharers?Andwhether,intheformercase,therecanpossiblybeanygamingorstock—jobbing?
289Whether,therefore,itdothnotgreatlyconcerntheState,thatourIrishnativesshouldbeconverted,andthewholenationunitedinthesamereligion,thesameallegiance,andthesameinterest?andhowthismaymostprobablybeeffected?
291WhethertherehavenotbeenPopishrecusants?and,ifso,whetheritwouldberighttoobjectagainsttheforegoingoath,thatallwouldtakeit,andnonethinkthemselvesboundbyit?
292WhetherthoseoftheChurchofRome,inconvertingtheMoorsofSpainortheProtestantsofFrance,havenotsetusanexamplewhichmightjustifyasimilartreatmentofthemselves,ifthelawsofChristianityallowedthereof?
293WhethercompellingmentoaprofessionoffaithisnottheworstthinginPopery,and,consequently,whethertocopyaftertheChurchofRometherein,werenottobecomePapistsourselvesintheworstsense?
294Whether,nevertheless,wemaynotimitatetheChurchofRome,incertainplaces,whereJewsaretolerated,byobligingourIrishPapists,atstatedtimes,tohearProtestantsermons?andwhetherthiswouldnotmakemissionariesintheIrishtongueuseful?
295Whetherthemereactofhearing,withoutmakinganyprofessionoffaith,orjoininginanypartofworship,beareligiousact;and,consequently,whethertheirbeingobligedtohear,maynotconsistwiththetolerationofRomanCatholics?
296Whether,ifpenallawsshouldbethoughtoppressive,wemaynotatleastbeallowedtogivepremiums?Andwhetheritwouldbewrong,ifthepublicencouragedPopishfamiliestobecomehearers,bypayingtheirhearth—moneyforthem?
297Whetheringrantingtoleration,weoughtnottodistinguishbetweendoctrinespurelyreligious,andsuchasaffecttheState?
298WhetherthecasebenotverydifferentinregardtoamanwhoonlyeatsfishonFridays,sayshisprayersinLatin,orbelievestransubstantiation,andonewhoprofessethintemporalsasubjectiontoforeignpowers,whoholdethhimselfabsolvedfromallobediencetohisnaturalprinceandthelawsofhiscountry?
whoisevenpersuaded,itmaybemeritorioustodestroythepowersthatare?
299Whether,therefore,adistinctionshouldnotbemadebetweenmerePapistsandrecusants?AndwhetherthelattercanexpectthesameprotectionfromtheGovernmentastheformer?
300WhetherourPapistsinthiskingdomcancomplain,iftheyareallowedtobeasmuchPapistsasthesubjectsofFranceoroftheEmpire?
303Whethereverypleaofconscienceistoberegarded?Whether,forinstance,theGermanAnabaptists,Levellers,orFifthMonarchymenwouldbetoleratedonthatpretence?
304WhetherPopishchildrenbredincharityschools,whenboundoutinapprenticeshiptoProtestantmasters,dogenerallycontinueProtestants?
306Whetheriftheparentsareoverlooked,therecanbeanygreathopesofsuccessinconvertingthechildren?
312Whethertherebeanynationofmengovernedbyreason?Andyet,iftherewasnot,whetherthiswouldbeagoodargumentagainsttheuseofreasoninpubicaffairs?
315Whetherone,whoseendistomakehiscountrymenthink,maynotgainhisend,eventhoughtheyshouldnotthinkashedoth?
316Whetherhe,whoonlyasks,asserts?andwhetheranymancanfairlyconfutethequerist?
317Whethertheinterestofapartwillnotalwaysbepreferredtothatofthewhole?
PartII
5Whetheritcanbereasonablyhoped,thatourstatewillmend,solongaspropertyisinsecureamongus?
6Whetherinthatcasethewisestgovernment,orthebestlawscanavail。us?
7Whetherafewmishapstoparticularpersonsmaynotthrowthisnationintotheutmostconfusion?
8Whetherthepublicisnotevenonthebrinkofbeingundonebyprivateaccidents?
11Whetherthereforeitbenothightimetoopenoureyes?
24Whetherprivateendsarenotprosecutedwithmoreattentionandvigourthanthepublic?Andyet,whetherallprivateendsarenotincludedinthepubic?
25Whetherbankingbenotabsolutelynecessarytothepubicweal?
26Whetherevenourprivatebanks,thoughattendedwithsuchhazardsasweallknowthemtobe,arenotofsingularuseindefectofanationalbank?
28WhetherthemysteryofbankingdidnotderiveitsoriginalfromtheItalians?Whetherthisacutepeoplewerenot,uponatime,bankersoverallEurope?Whetherthatbusinesswasnotpractisedbysomeoftheirnoblestfamilieswhomadeimmenseprofitsbyit,andwhethertothatthehouseofMedicididnotoriginallyoweitsgreatness?
30WhetheratVeniceallpaymentsofbillsofexchangeandmerchants’contractsarenotmadeinthenationalorpubicbank,thegreatestaffairsbeingtransactedonlybywritingthenamesoftheparties,oneasdebtortheotherascreditorinthebank—book?
31Whetherneverthelessitwasnotfoundexpedienttoprovideachestofreadycashforansweringalldemandsthatshouldhappentobemadeonaccountofpaymentsindetail?
32Whetherthisofferofreadycash,insteadoftransfersinthebank,hathnotbeenfoundtoaugmentratherthandiminishthestockthereof?
33WhetheratVenice,thedifferenceinthevalueofbankmoneyaboveothermoneybenotfixedattwentypercent?
34WhetherthebankofVenicebenotshutupfourtimesintheyeartwentydayseachtime?
35Whetherbymeansofthisbankthepublicbenotmistressofamillionandahalfsterling?
37WhetherwemaynothopeforasmuchskillandhonestyinaProtestantIrishParliamentasinaPopishSenateofVenice?
39Whetherbesidescoinedmoney,therebenotalsogreatquantitiesofingotsorbarsofgoldandsilverlodgedinthisbank?
41Whetheritbenottrue,thatthebankofAmsterdamnevermakespaymentsincash?
42Whether,nevertheless,itbenotalsotrue,thatnomanwhohathcreditinthebankcanwantmoneyfromparticularpersons,whoarewillingtobecomecreditorsinhisstead?
43Whetheranymanthinkshimselfthepoorer,becausehismoneyisinthe。bank?
44WhetherthecreditorsofthebankofAmsterdamarenotatlibertytowithdrawtheirmoneywhentheyplease,andwhetherthislibertydothnotmakethemlessdesiroustouseit?
45Whetherthisbankbenotshutuptwiceintheyearfortenorfifteendays,duringwhichtimetheaccountsarebalanced?
53WhetherwearebynatureamorestupidpeoplethantheDutch?
Andyetwhetherthesethingsaresufficientlyconsideredbyourpatriots?
54WhetheranythinglessthantheuttersubversionofthoseRepublicscanbreakthebanksofVeniceandAmsterdam?
55WhetheratHamburghthecitizenshavenotthemanagementofthebank,withoutthemeddlingorinspectionoftheSenate?
56Whetherthedirectorsbenotfourprincipalburgherschosenbypluralityofvoices,whosebusinessistoseetherulesobserved,andfurnishthecashierswithmoney?
57Whetherthebook—keepersarenotobligedtobalancetheiraccountseveryweek,andexhibitthemtothecontrollersordirectors?
58WhetheranybesidesthecitizensareadmittedtohavecompteenbancatHamburgh?
59Whethertherebenotacertainlimit,underwhichnosumcanbeenteredintothebank?
60WhethereachparticularpersondothnotpayafeeinordertobeadmittedtoacompteenbancatHamburghandAmsterdam?
61WhethertheeffectslodgedinthebankofHamburghareliabletobeseizedfordebtorforfeiture?
62Whetherthisbankdothnotlendmoneyuponpawnsatlowinterestandonlyforhalfayear,afterwhichterm,indefaultofpayment,thepawnsarepunctuallysoldbyauction?
63Whetherthebook—keepersofthebankofHamburgharenotobligeduponoathnevertorevealwhatsumsofmoneyarepaidinoroutofthebank,orwhateffectsanyparticularpersonhastherein?
64Whether,therefore,itbepossibletoknowthestateorstockofthisbank;andyetwhetheritbenotofthegreatestreputationandmostestablishedcreditthroughouttheNorth?
66Whetheranabsolutemonarchybesoapttogaincredit,andwhetherthevivacityofsomehumourscouldsowellsuitwiththeslowstepsanddiscreetmanagementwhichabankrequires?
67WhetherthebankcalledthegeneralbankofFrance,contrivedbyMrLaw,andestablishedbyletterspatentinMay,1716,wasnotintruthaparticularandnotanationalbank,beinginthehandsofaparticularcompanyprivilegedandprotectedbytheGovernment?
68WhethertheGovernmentdidnotorderthatthenotesofthisbankshouldpassonaparwithreadymoneyinallpaymentsoftherevenue?
69Whetherthisbankwasnotobligedtoissueonlysuchnotesaswerepayableatsight?
70Whetheritwasnotmadeacapitalcrimetoforgethenotesofthisbank?
71Whetherthisbankwasnotrestrainedfromtradingeitherbyseaorland,andfromtakingupmoneyuponinterest?
72Whethertheoriginalstockthereofwasnotsixmillionsoflivres,dividedintoactionsofathousandcrownseach?
73Whethertheproprietorswerenottoholdgeneralassembliestwiceintheyear,fortheregulatingoftheiraffairs?
74Whethertheaccomptsofthisbankwerenotbalancedtwiceeveryyear?
75Whethertherewerenottwochestsbelongingtothisbank,theonecalledthegeneralchestcontainingtheirspecie,theirbillsandtheircopperplatesfortheprintingofthosebills,underthecustodyofthreelocks,whereofthekeyswerekeptbythedirector,theinspectorandtreasurer。alsoanothercalled,theordinarychest,containingpartofthestocknotexceedingtwohundredthousandcrowns,underthekeyofthetreasurer?
76Whetheroutofthislastmentionedsum,eachparticularcashierwasnottobeintrustedwithasharenotexceedingthevalueoftwentythousandcrownsatatime,andthatundergoodsecurity?
77WhethertheRegentdidnotreservetohimselfthepowerofcallingthisbanktoaccount,sooftenasheshouldthinkgood,andofappointingtheinspector?
78Whetherinthebeginningoftheyear1719theFrenchKingdidnotconvertthegeneralbankofFranceintoaBanqueRoyale,havinghimselfpurchasedthestockofthecompanyandtakenitintohisownhands,andappointedtheDukeofOrleanschiefmanagerthereof?
79Whetherfromthattime,allmattersrelatingtothebankwerenottransactedinthename,andbythesoleauthority,oftheking?
80WhetherhisMajestydidnotundertaketoreceiveandkeepthecashofallparticularpersons,subjects,orforeigners,inhissaidRoyaleBanque,withoutbeingpaidforthattrouble?Andwhetheritwasnotdeclared,thatsuchcashshouldnotbeliabletoseizureonanypretext,notevenontheking’sownaccount?
81Whetherthetreasureralonedidnotsignallthebills,receiveallthestockpaidintothebank,andkeepaccountofallthein—goingsandout—goings?
82WhethertherewerenotthreeregistersfortheenregisteringofthebillskeptintheBanqueRoyale,onebytheinspector,anotherbythecontroller,andathirdbythetreasurer?
83Whethertherewasnotalsoafourthregister,containingtheprofitsofthebank,whichwasvisited,atleastonceaweek,bytheinspectorandcontroller?
84Whether,besidethegeneralbureauorcompterinthecityofParis,therewerenotalsoappointedfivemoreinthetownsofLyons,Tours,Rochelle,Orleans,andAmiens,eachwhereofwasprovidedwithtwochests,oneofspeciefordischargingbillsatsight,andanotherofbankbillstobeissuedasthereshouldbedemand?
85Whether,intheabovementionedtowns,itwasnotprohibitedtomakepaymentsinsilver,exceedingthesumofsixhundredlivres?
86Whetherallcreditorswerenotempoweredtodemandpaymentinbankbillsinsteadofspecie?
87Whether,inashortcompassoftime,thisbankdidnotundergomanynewchangesandregulationsbyseveralsuccessiveactsofcouncil?
88Whethertheuntimely,repeated,andboundlessfabricationofbillsdidnotprecipitatetheruinofthisbank?
89Whetheritbenottrue,thatbeforetheendofJuly,1719,theyhadfabricatedfourhundredmillionsoflivresinbank—notes,towhichtheyaddedthesumofonehundredandtwentymillionsmoreonthetwelfthofSeptemberfollowing,alsothesamesumofonehundredandtwentymillionsonthetwenty—fourthof3October,andagainonthetwenty—ninthofDecember,inthesameyear,thefarthersumofthreehundredandsixtymillions,makingthewhole,fromanoriginalstockofsixmillions,mount,withinthecompassofoneyear,toathousandmillionsoflivres?
90Whetheronthetwenty—eighthofFebruary,1720,thekingdidnotmakeanunionofthebankwiththeunitedcompanyoftheEastandWestIndies,whichfromthattimehadtheadministrationandprofitsoftheBanqueRoyale?
91Whetherthekingdidnotstillprofesshimselfresponsibleforthevalueofthebankbills,andwhetherthecompanywerenotresponsibletohisMajestyfortheirmanagement?
92Whethersixteenhundredmillionsoflivres,lenttohismajestybythecompany,wasnotasufficientpledgetoindemnifytheking?
93Whetherthenewdirectorswerenotprohibitedtomakeanymorebillswithoutanactofcouncil?
94WhetherthechestsandbooksoftheBanquewerenotsubjectedtothejointinspectionofaCounsellorofState,andthePrevotdesMarchands,assistedbytwoEchevins,ajudge,andaconsul,whohadpowertovisitwhentheywouldandwithoutwarning?
95WhetherinlessthantwoyearstheactionsorsharesoftheIndianCompany(firstestablishedforMississippi,andafterwardsincreasedbytheadditionofothercomparesandfurther?andwhetherthisprivileges)didnotrisetonear2000percentmustbeascribedtorealadvantagesoftrade,ortomerefrenzy?
96Whether,fromfirsttolast,therewerenotfabricatedbankbills,ofonekindorother,tothevalueofmorethantwothousandandsixhundredmillionsoflivres,oronehundredandthirtymillionssterling?
97WhetherthecreditofthebankdidnotdeclinefromitsunionwiththeIndianCompany?
98Whether,notwithstandingalltheabove—mentionedextraordinarymeasures,thebankbillsdidnotstillpassatparwithgoldandsilvertoMay,1720,whentheFrenchkingthoughtfit,byanewactofcouncil,tomakeareductionoftheirvalue,whichprovedafatalblow,theeffectswhereof,thoughsoonretracted,nosubsequentskillormanagementcouldeverrepair?
99Whether,whatnoreason,reflexion,orforesightcoulddo,thissimplematteroffact(themostpowerfulargumentwiththemultitude)didnotdoatonce,towit,opentheeyesofthepeople?
100Whetherthedealersinthatsortofwarehadevertroubledtheirheadswiththenatureofcredit,orthetrueuseandendofbanks,butonlyconsideredtheirbillsandactionsasthings,towhichthegeneraldemandgaveaprice?
101WhethertheGovernmentwasnotingreatperplexitytocontriveexpedientsforthegettingridofthosebankbills,whichhadbeenlatelymultipliedwithsuchanunlimitedpassion?
102Whethernotestothevalueofaboutninetymillionswerenotsunkbybeingpaidoffinspecie,withthecashoftheCompagniedesIndes,withthatofthebank,andthatoftheHotelsdesMonnoyes?Whetherfivehundredandthirtymillionswerenotconvertedintoannuitiesattheroyaltreasury?WhetherseveralhundredmillionsmoreinbankbillswerenotextinguishedandreplacedbyannuitiesontheCityofParis,ontaxesthroughouttheprovinces,&c。,&c?
103Whether,afterallothershifts,thelastandgrandresourceforexhaustingthatocean,wasnottheerectingofacompteenbancinseveraltownsofFrance?
104Whether,whentheimaginationofapeopleisthoroughlywroughtuponandheatedbytheirownexample,andtheartsofdesigningmen,thisdothnotproduceasortofenthusiasmwhichtakesplaceofreason,andisthemostdangerousdistemperinaState?
105Whetherthisepidemicalmadnessshouldnotbealwaysbeforetheeyesofalegislature,intheframingofanationalbank?
106Whether,therefore,itmaynotbefataltoengrafttradeonanationalbank,ortoproposedividendsonthestockthereof?
108Whetheritmaynotbeasusefulalessontoconsiderthebadmanagementofsomeasthegoodmanagementofothers?
109WhethertherapidandsurprisingsuccessoftheschemesofthosewhodirectedtheFrenchbankdidnotturntheirbrains?
110Whetherthebestinstitutionsmaynotbemadesubservienttobadends?
111Whether,astheaimofindustryispower,andtheaimofabankistocirculateandsecurethispowertoeachindividual,itdothnotfollowthatabsolutepowerinonehandisinconsistentwithalastingandaflourishingbank?
115WhetherthemistakingofthemeansfortheendwasnotafundamentalerrorintheFrenchcouncils?
123Whetherthereshouldnotbeaconstantcaretokeepthebillsatpar?
124Whether,therefore,bankbillsshouldatanytimebemultipliedbutastradeandbusinesswerealsomultiplied?
125WhetheritwasnotmadnessinFrancetomintbillsandactions,merelytohumourthepeopleandrobthemoftheircash?
126Whetherwemaynotprofitbytheirmistakes,andassomethingsaretobeavoided,whethertheremaynotbeothersworthyofimitationintheconductofourneighbours?
127Whetherthewaybenotclearandopenandeasy,andwhetheranythingbutthewilliswantingtoourlegislature?
128Whetherjobsandtricksarenotdetestedonallhands,butwhetheritbenotthejointinterestofprinceandpeopletopromoteindustry?
129Whether,allthingsconsidered,anationalbankbenotthemostpracticable,sure,andspeedymethodtomendouraffairs,andcauseindustrytoflourishamongus?
130Whetheracompteenbancorcurrentbankbillswouldbestanswerouroccasions?
131Whetherapubliccompteenbanc,whereeffectsarereceived,andaccountskeptwithparticularpersons,benotanexcellentexpedientforagreatcity?
132Whateffectageneralcompteenbancwouldhaveinthemetropolisofthiskingdomwithoneineachprovincesubordinatethereunto?
133Whetheritmaynotbeproperforagreatkingdomtounitebothexpedients,towit,banknotesandacompteenbanc?
134Whether,nevertheless,itwouldbeadvisabletobeginwithbothatonce,orrathertoproceedfirstwiththebills,andafterwards,asbusinessmultiplied,andmoneyoreffectsflowedin,toopenthecompteenbanc?
135Whether,forgreatersecurity,doublebooksofcompteenbancshouldnotbekeptindifferentplacesandhands?
136Whetheritwouldnotberighttobuildthecomptersandpublictreasuries,wherebooksandbanknotesarekept,withoutwood,allarchedandflooredwithbrickorstone,havingchestsalsoandcabinetsofiron?
137Whetherdiversregistersofthebanknotesshouldnotbekeptindifferenthands?
138Whetherthereshouldnotbegreatdiscretionintheutteringofbanknotes,andwhethertheattemptingtodothingspersaltumbenotoftenthewaytoundothem?
139Whetherthemainartbenotbyslowdegreesandcautiousmeasurestoreconcilethebanktothepublic,towinditinsensiblyintotheaffectionsofmen,andinterweaveitwiththeconstitution?
141Whetheranationalbankmaynotpreventthedrawingofspecieoutofthecountry(whereitcirculatesinsmallpayments),tobeshutupinthechestsofparticularpersons?
143WhethertenantsordebtorscouldhavecausetocomplainofourmoniesbeingreducedtotheEnglishvalueifitwerewithalmultipliedinthesame,orinagreaterproportion?andwhetherthiswouldnotbetheconsequenceofanationalbank?
144Iftherebeanopensurewaytothrive,withouthazardtoourselvesorprejudicetoourneighbours,whatshouldhinderusfromputtingitinpractice?
145WhetherinsonumerousaSenate,asthatofthiskingdom,itmaynotbeeasietofindmenofpurehandsandclearheadsfittocontriveandmodelapublicbank?
146Whetheraviewoftheprecipicebenotsufficient,orwhetherwemusttumbleheadlongbeforeweareroused?
147Whetherinthisdroopinganddispiritedcountry,menarequiteawake?
156Whether,ifwedonotreapthebenefitsthatmaybemadeofourcountryandgovernment,wantofwillinthelowerpeople,orwantofwitintheupper,bemostinfault?
165Whetheranassemblyoffreethinkers,petitmaitres,andsmartfellows,wouldnotmakeanadmirableSenate?
175Whethertherebereallyamongusanyparentssosilly,astoencouragedrinkingintheirchildren?
176Whenceitis,thatourladiesaremorealive,andbearagesomuchbetterthanourgentlemen?
185Whetherthisbealtogethertheirownfault?
197Whetheritmaynotberighttoappointcensorsineveryparishtoobserveandmakereturnsoftheidlehands?
198Whetheraregisterorhistoryoftheidlenessandindustryofapeoplewouldbeanuselessthing?
199Whetherweareapprized,ofalltheusesthatmaybemadeofpoliticalarithmetic?
207WhytheworkhouseinDublin,withsogoodanendowment,shouldyetbeofsolittleuse?andwhetherthismaynotbeowingtothatveryendowment?
208Whetherthatincomemightnot,bythistime,havegonethroughthewholekingdom,anderectedadozenworkhousesineverycounty?
210Whetherthetaxonchairsorhackneycoachesbenotpaid,ratherbythecountrygentlemen,thanthecitizensofDublin?
227Whetherthereshouldnotbeadifferencebetweenthetreatmentofcriminalsandthatofotherslaves?
251Whetherwhenamotionwasmadeonceuponatimetoestablishaprivatebankinthiskingdombypublicauthority,diversgentlemendidnotshewthemselvesforwardtoembarkinthatdesign?
252Whetheritmaynotnowbehopedthatourpatriotswillbeasforwardtoexamineandconsidertheproposalofapublicbankcalculatedonlyforthepublicgood?
253Whetheranypeopleuponearthshewamoreearlyzealfortheserviceoftheircountry,greatereagernesstobearapartinthelegislature,oramoregeneralparturiencywithrespecttopoliticsandpubliccounsels?
254Whether,nevertheless,alightandludicrousveinbenotthereigninghumour;butwhethertherewasevergreatercausetobeserious?
PartIII
13WhetherthewholecityofAmsterdamwouldnothavebeentroubledtohavebroughttogethertwentythousandpoundsinoneroom?
14Whetheritbenotabsolutelynecessarythattheremustbeabankandmustbeatrust?And,ifso,whetheritbenotthemostsafeandprudentcoursetohaveanationalbankandtrustthelegislature?
15Whetherobjectionsagainsttrustingeneralavail,whenitisallowedtheremustbeatrust,andtheonlyquestioniswheretoplacethistrust,whetherinthelegislatureorinprivatehands?
16Whetheritcanbeexpectedthatprivatepersonsshouldhavemoreregardtothepublicthanthepublicitself?
17Whether,iftherebehazardsfrommismanagement,thosemaynotbeprovidedagainstintheframingofapubicbank;butwhetheranyprovisioncanbemadeagainstthemismanagementofprivatebanksthatareundernocheck,control,orinspection?
18Whatevermaybesaidforthesakeofobjecting,yet,whetheritbenotfalseinfact,thatmenwouldpreferaprivatesecuritytoapublicsecurity?
19Whetheranationalbankoughttobeconsideredasanewexperiment;andwhetheritbenotamotivetotrythisschemethatithathbeenalreadytriedwithsuccessinothercountries?
20Ifpowerfollowethmoney,whetherthiscanbeanywheremoreproperlyandsecurelyplaced,thaninthesamehandswhereinthesupremepowerisalreadyplaced?
21Whethertherebemoredangerofabuseinaprivatethaninapublicmanagement?
22WhethertheproperusualremedyforabusesofprivatebanksbenottobringthembeforeParliament,andsubjectthemtotheinspectionofacommittee;andwhetheritbenotmoreprudenttopreventthantoredressanevil?
24Whetherexperienceandexamplebenottheplainestproof;andwhetheranyinstancecanbeassignedwhereanationalbankhathnotbeenattendedwithgreatadvantagetothepublic?
25Whethertheevilsapprehendedfromanationalbankarenotmuchmoretobeapprehendedfromprivatebanks;butwhethermenbycustomarenotfamiliarizedandreconciledtocommondangers,whicharethereforethoughtlessthantheyreallyare?
26Whetheritwouldnotbeveryhardtosupposeallsense,honesty,andpublicspiritwereinthekeepingofonlyafewprivatemen,andthepublicwasnotfittobetrusted?
27Whetheritbenotridiculoustosupposealegislatureshouldbeafraidtotrustitself?
28But,whetheraprivateinterestbenotgenerallysupportedandpursuedwithmorezealthanapublic?
30Whether,nevertheless,thecommunityofdanger,whichlullsprivatemenasleep,oughtnottoawakenthepublic?
31Whethertherebenotlesssecuritywheretherearemoretemptationsandfewerchecks?
32Ifamanistoriskhisfortune,whetheritbemoreprudenttoriskitonthecreditofprivatemen,orinthatofthegreatassemblyofthenation?
33Whereisitmostreasonabletoexpectwiseandpunctualdealing,whetherinasecretimpenetrablerecess,wherecreditdependsonsecrecy,orinapublicmanagementregulatedandinspectedbyParliament?
34Whetherasupinesecuritybenotcatching,andwhethernumbersrunningthesamerisk,astheylessenthecaution,maynotincreasethedanger?
35Whatrealobjectionliesagainstanationalbankerectedbythelegislature,andinthemanagementofpublicdeputies,appointedandinspectedbythelegislature?
36Whathavewetofearfromsuchabank,whichmaynotbeaswellfearedwithoutit?
37How,why,bywhatmeans,orforwhatend,shoulditbecomeaninstrumentofoppression?
38Whetherwecanpossiblybeonamoreprecariousfootthanwearealready?Whetheritbenotinthepowerofanyparticularpersonatoncetodisappearandconveyhimselfintoforeignparts?orwhethertherecanbeanysecurityinanestateoflandwhenthedemandsuponitareunknown?
39Whethertheestablishingofanationalbank,ifwesupposeaconcurrenceofthegovernment,benotverypracticable?
40But,whetherthoughaschemebeneversoevidentlypracticableandusefultothepubic,yet,ifconceivedtointerferewithaprivateinterest,itbenotforthwithindangerofappearingdoubtful,difficult,andimpracticable?
41Whetherthelegislativebodyhathnotalreadysufficientpowertohurt,iftheymaybesupposedcapableofit,andwhetherabankwouldgivethemanynewpower?
42Whatshouldtemptthepubictodefrauditself?
43Whether,ifthelegislaturedestroyedthepublic,itwouldnotbefelodese;andwhetheritbereasonabletosupposeitbentonitsowndestruction?
44Whethertheobjectiontoapubicnationalbank,fromwantofsecrecy,benotintruthanargumentforit?
45Whetherthesecrecyofprivatebanksbenottheverythingthatrendersthemsohazardous?andwhether,withoutthat,therecouldhavebeenoflatesomanysufferers?
46Whetherwhenallobjectionsareanswereditbestillincumbenttoanswersurmises?
47Whetheritwerejusttoinsinuatethatgentlemenwouldbeagainstanyproposaltheycouldnotturnintoajob?
48Supposethelegislaturepassedtheirwordforanyprivatebanker,andregularlyvisitedhisbooks,wouldnotmoneylodgedinhisbankbethereforereckonedmoresecure?
49Inacountrywherethelegislativebodyisnotfittobetrusted,whatsecuritycantherebefortrustinganyoneelse?
50Ifitbenotridiculoustoquestionwhetherthepubiccanfindcashtocirculatebillsofalimitedvaluewhenprivatebankersaresupposedtofindenoughtocirculatethemtoanunlimitedvalue?
53Whetherthosehazardsthatinagreaterdegreeattendprivatebankscanbeadmittedasobjectionsagainstapublicone?
54Whetherthatwhichisanobjectiontoeverythingbeanobjectiontoanything;andwhetherthepossibilityofanabusebenotofthatkind?
55Whether,infact,allthingsarenotmoreorlessabused,andyetnotwithstandingsuchabuse,whethermanythingsarenotuponthewholeexpedientanduseful?
56Whetherthosethingsthataresubjecttothemostgeneralinspectionarenottheleastsubjecttoabuse?
57Whether,forprivateends,itmaynotbesometimesexpedienttoobjectnoveltytothingsthathavebeenoftentried,difficultytotheplainestthings,andhazardtothesafest?
58Whethersomemenwillnotbeapttoargueasifthequestionwasbetweenmoneyandcredit,andnot(asinfactitis)whichoughttobepreferred,privatecreditorpubliccredit?
59Whethertheywillnotprudentlyoverlooktheevilsfelt,ortobefeared,ononeside?
60Whether,therefore,thosethatwouldmakeanimpartialjudgmentoughtnottobeontheirguard,keepingbothprospectsalwaysinview,balancingtheinconvenienciesoneachsideandconsideringneitherabsolutely?
61Whetherwilfulmistakes,exampleswithoutalikeness,andgeneraladdressestothepassionsarenotoftenmoresuccessfulthanarguments?
62Whethertherebenotanarttopuzzleplaincasesaswellastoexplainobscureones?
63Whetherprivatemenarenotoftenanover—matchforthepublic;wantofweightbeingmadeupforbyactivity?
64Ifwesupposeneithersensenorhonestyinourleadersorrepresentatives,whetherwearenotalreadyundone,andsohavenothingfurthertofear?
65Supposeapowerinthegovernmenttohurtthepubicbymeansofanationalbank,yetwhatshouldgivethemthewilltodothis?Orsupposingawilltodomischief,yethowcouldanationalbank,modelledandadministeredbyParliament,putitintheirpower?
66Whetherevenawickedwillentrustedwithpowercanbesupposedtoabuseitfornoend?
67Whetheritbenotmuchmoreprobablethatthosewhomakethsuchobjectionsdonotbelievethem?
68Whetheritbenotvaintoobjectthatourfellow—subjectsofGreatBritainwouldmalignorobstructourindustrywhenitisexertedinawaywhichcannotinterferewiththeirown?
69Whetheritistobesupposedtheyshouldtakedelightinthedirtandnakednessandfamineofourpeople,orenvythemshoesfortheirfeetandbeeffortheirbelies?
70Whatpossiblehandleorinclinationcouldourhavinganationalbankgiveotherpeopletodistressus?
71WhetheritbenotridiculoustoconceivethataprojectforcloathingandfeedingournativesshouldgiveanyumbragetoEngland?
72Whethersuchunworthysurmisesarenotthepureeffectofspleen?
78WhethertheProtestantcolonyinthiskingdomcaneverforgetwhattheyowetoEngland?
79Whetherthereeverwasinanypartoftheworldacountryinsuchwretchedcircumstances,andwhich,atthesametime,couldbesoeasilyremedied,andneverthelesstheremedynotapplied?
80Whatmustbecomeofapeoplethatcanneitherseetheplainestthingsnordotheeasiest?
81Bethemoneylodgedinthebankwhatitwill,yetwhetheranActtomakegooddeficiencieswouldnotremoveallscruples?
82Ifitbeobjectedthatanationalbankmustlowerinterest,andthereforehurtthemoniedman,whetherthesameobjectionwouldnotholdasstrongagainstmultiplyingourgoldandsilver?
83Butwhetherabankthatuttersbills,withthesoleviewofpromotingthepublicweal,maynotsoproportiontheirquantityastoavoidseveralinconveniencieswhichmightattendprivatebanks?
85Whetheranythingbemorereasonablethanthatthepubic,whichmakesthewholeprofitofthebank,shouldengagetomakegooditscredit?
88Whether,inordertomakemenseeandfeel,itbenotoftennecessarytoinculcatethesamething,andplaceitindifferentlights?
90Whetherthemanagersandofficersofanationalbankoughttobeconsideredotherwisethanasthecashiersandclerksofprivatebanks?Whethertheyarenotineffectaslittletrusted,haveaslittlepower,areasmuchlimitedbyrules,andasliabletoinspection?
91Whetherthemistakingthispointmaynotcreatesomeprejudiceagainstanationalbank,asifitdependedonthecredit,orwisdom,orhonesty,ofprivatemen,ratherthanonthepubic,whichisreallythesoleproprietoranddirectorthereof,andassuchobligedtosupportit?
93Whetheranationalbankwouldnotbethegreatmeansandmotiveforemployingourpoorinmanufactures?
94Whethermoney,thoughlentoutonlytotherich,wouldnotsooncirculateamongthepoor?Andwhetheranymanborrowsbutwithanintenttocirculate?
95Whetherbothgovernmentandpeoplewouldnotintheeventbegainersbyanationalbank?Andwhetheranythingbutwrongconceptionsofitsnaturecanmakethosethatwishwelltoeitheraversefromit?
96Whetheritmaynotberighttothink,andtohaveitthought,thatEnglandandIreland,princeandpeople,haveoneandthesameinterest?
97Whether,ifwehadmoremeanstosetonfootsuchmanufacturesandsuchcommerceasconsistswiththeinterestofEngland,therewouldnotofcoursebelesssheep—walk,andlesswoolexportedtoforeigncountries?Andwhetheranationalbankwouldnotsupplysuchmeans?
102Whetherbusinessingeneraldothnotlanguishamongus?
Whetherourlandisnotuntilled?Whetheritsinhabitantsarenotuponthewing?
104Whetherourcircumstancesdonotcallaloudforsomepresentremedy?Andwhetherthatremedybenotinourpower?
106Whether,ofallthehelpstoindustrythateverwereinvented,therebeanymoresecure,moreeasy,andmoreeffectualthananationalbank?
107Whethermedicinesdonotrecommendthemselvesbyexperience,eventhoughtheirreasonsbeobscure?Butwhetherreasonandfactarenotequallyclearinfavourofthispoliticalmedicine?
117Whetherthereforeataxonallgoldandsilverinapparel,onallforeignlacesandsilks,maynotraiseafundforthebank,andatthesametimehaveothersalutaryeffectsonthepublic?
118But,ifgentlemenhadrathertaxthemselvesinanotherway,whetheranadditionaltaxoftenshillingsthehogsheadonwinesmaynotsupplyasufficientfundforthenationalbank,alldefectstobemadegoodbyParliament?
119Whetheruponthewholeitmaynotberighttoappointanationalbank?
120Whetherthestockandsecurityofsuchbankwouldnotbe,intruth,thenationalstock,orthetotalsumofthewealthofthiskingdom?
121Whether,nevertheless,thereshouldnotbeaparticularfundforpresentuseinansweringbillsandcirculatingcredit?
122Whetherforthisendanyfundmaynotsuffice,providedanActbepassedformakinggooddeficiencies?
123Whetherthesoleproprietorofsuchbankshouldnotbethepublic,andthesoledirectorthelegislature?
124Whetherthemanagers,officers,andcashiersshouldnotbeservantsofthepubic,actingbyordersandlimitedbyrulesofthelegislature?
125Whetherthereshouldnotbeastandingnumberofinspectors,one—thirdmeningreatoffice,therestmembersofbothhouses,halfwhereoftogoout,andhalftocomeineverysession?
126Whetherthoseinspectorsshouldnot,allinabody,visittwiceayear,andthreeasoftenastheypleased?
127WhetherthegeneralbankshouldnotbeinDubin,andsubordinatebanksorcomptersoneineachprovinceofMunster,Ulster,andConnaught?
128Whetherthereshouldnotbesuchprovisionsofstamps,signatures,checks,strongboxes,andallothermeasuresforsecuringthebanknotesandcash,asareusualinotherbanks?
129Whetherthesetenoradozenlastqueriesmaynoteasilybeconvertedintoheadsofabill?
130WhetheranyoneconcernshimselfaboutthesecurityorfundsofthebanksofVeniceorAmsterdam?Andwhetherinalittletimethecasewouldnotbethesameastoourbank?
133Whetheritbenotthemostobviousremedyforalltheinconveniencieswelabourunderwithregardtoourcoin?
134Whetheritbenotagreedonallhandsthatourcoinisonverybadfoot,andcallsforsomepresentremedy?
135Whetherthewantofsilverhathnotintroducedasortoftrafficforchange,whichispurchasedatnoinconsiderablediscounttothegreatobstructionofourdomesticcommerce?
136Whether,thoughitbeevidentsilveriswanted,itbeyetsoevidentwhichisthebestwayofprovidingforthiswant?Whetherbyloweringthegold,orraisingthesilver,orpartlyone,partlytheother?
137Whetherapartialraisingofonespeciesbenot,intruth,wantingapremiumtoourbankersforimportingsuchspecies?Andwhatthatspeciesiswhichdeservesmosttobeencouraged?
138Whetheritbenotjustthatallgoldshouldbealikeratedaccordingtoitsweightandfineness?
139Whetherthismaybebestdonebyloweringsomecertainspeciesofgold,orbyraisingothers,orbyjoiningbothmethodstogether?
141WhethertheNorthandtheSouthhavenot,intruth,oneandthesameinterestinthismatter?
143But,whetherapubicbenefitoughttobeobtainedbyunjustmethods,andtherefore,whetheranyreductionofcoinshouldbethoughtofwhichmayhurtthepropertiesofprivatemen?
144Whetherthosepartsofthekingdomwherecommercedothmostaboundwouldnotbethegreatestgainersbyhavingourcoinplacedonarightfoot?
145Whether,incaseareductionofcoinbethoughtexpedient,theutteringofbankbillsatthesametimemaynotpreventtheinconvenienciesofsuchareduction?
146But,whetheranypubicexpediencycouldcountervailarealpressureonthosewhoareleastabletobearit,tenantsanddebtors?
147Whether,nevertheless,thepoliticalbody,aswellasthenatural,mustnotsometimesbeworseinordertobebetter?
150WhatifourothergoldwereraisedtoaparwithPortugalgold,andthevalueofsilveringeneralraisedwithregardtothatofgold?
151Whetherthepubicendsmayormaynotbebetteransweredbysuchaugmentation,thanbyareductionofourcoin?
152Providedsilverismultiplied,beitbyraisingordiminishingthevalueofourcoin,whetherthegreatendisnotanswered?
154Whether,ifareductionbethoughtnecessary,theobviousmeanstopreventallhardshipsandinjusticebenotanationalbank?
155Uponsuppositionthatthecashofthiskingdomwasfivehundredthousandpounds,andbyloweringthevariousspecieseachone—fifthofitsvaluethewholesumwasreducedtofourhundredthousandpounds,whetherthedifficultyofgettingmoney,andconsequentlyofpayingrents,wouldnotbeincreasedintheproportionoffivetofour?
156Whethersuchdifficultywouldnotbeagreatandunmeriteddistressonallthetenantsinthenation?Butifatthesametimewiththeaforesaidreductiontherewereutteredonehundredthousandpoundsadditionaltotheformercurrentstock,whethersuchdifficultyorinconveniencewouldthenbefelt?
158Whetherinanyforeignmarket,twopenceadvanceinakilderkinofcorncouldgreatlyaffectourtrade?
159Whetherinregardofthefargreaterchangesandfluctuationsofpricesfromthedifferenceofseasonsandotheraccidents,thatsmallriseshouldseemconsiderable?
162Whether,settingasidetheassistanceofanationalbank,itwillbeeasytoreduceorlowerourcoinwithoutsomehardship(atleastforthepresent)onagreatnumberofparticularpersons?
163Whether,nevertheless,theschemeofanationalbankdothnotentirelystandclearofthisquestion;andwhethersuchbankmaynotcompletelysubsistandansweritsends,althoughthereshouldbenoalterationatallmadeinthevalueofourcoin?
164Whether,iftheillstateofourcoinbenotredressed,thatschemewouldnotbestillmorenecessary,inasmuchasanationalbank,byputtingnewlifeandvigourintoourcommerce,maypreventourfeelingtheilleffectsofthewantofsuchredress?
165Whethermenunitedbyinterestarenotoftendividedbyopinion;andwhethersuchdifferenceinopinionbenotaneffectofmisapprehension?
166Whethertwothingsarenotmanifest,first,thatsomealterationinthevalueofourcoinishighlyexpedient,secondly,thatwhateveralterationismade,thetenderestcareshouldbehadofthepropertiesofthepeople,andevenaregardpaidtotheirprejudices?
167Whetherourtakingthecoinofanothernationformorethanitisworthbenot,inrealityandinevent,acheatuponourselves?
168Whetheraparticularcoinover—ratedwillnotbesuretoflowinuponusfromothercountriesbesidethatwhereitiscoined?
169Whether,incasethewisdomofthenationshallthinkfittoalterourcoin,withouterectinganationalbank,theruleforlesseningoravoidingpresentinconvenienceshouldnotbesotoordermatters,byraisingthesilveranddepressingthegold,asthatthetotalsumofcoinedcashwithinthekingdomshall,indenomination,remainthesame,oramounttothesamenominalvalue,afterthechangethatitdidbefore?
170Whetherallinconvenienceoughtnottobelessenedasmuchasmaybe;butafter,whetheritwouldbeprudent,forthesakeofasmallinconvenience,toobstructamuchgreatergood?Andwhetheritmaynotsometimeshappenthataninconveniencewhichinfancyandgeneraldiscourseseemsgreatshall,whenaccuratelyinspectedandcastup,appearinconsiderable?
171Whetherinpubliccouncilsthesumofthings,hereandthere,presentandfuture,oughtnottoberegarded?
176Moneybeingaticketwhichentitlestopowerandrecordsthetitle,whethersuchpoweravailsotherWisethanasitisexertedintoact?
180Whetherbesidethatvalueofmoneywhichisratedbyweight,therebenotalsoanothervalueconsistinginitsaptnesstocirculate?
204WhethertherebeanywoollenmanufactureinBirmingham?
205Whetherbadmanagementmaynotbeworsethanslavery?AndwhetheranypartofChristendombeinamorelanguishingconditionthanthiskingdom?
212Whetheritbenottrue,thatwithinthecompassofoneyearthereflowedfromtheSouthSea,whenthatcommercewasopen,intothesingletownofSt。Malo’s,asumingoldandsilverequaltofourtimesthewholespecieofthiskingdom?AndwhetherthatsamepartofFrancedothnotatpresentdrawfromCadiz,upwardsoftwohundredthousandpoundsperannum?
214WhetheritbetruethattheDutchmaketenmillionsoflivres,everyreturnoftheflotaandgalleons,bytheirsalesattheIndiesandatCadiz?
215WhetheritbetruethatEnglandmakesatleastonehundredthousandpoundsperannumbythesinglearticleofhatssoldinSpain?
217WhetherthetoysofThiersdonotemployfivethousandfamilies?
218WhethertherebenotasmalltownOrtwoinFrancewhichsupplyallSpainwithcards?
222Whether,abouttwenty—fiveyearsago,theydidnotfirstattempttomakeporcelaininFrance;andwhether,inafewyears,theydidnotmakeitsowell,astorivalthatwhichcomesfromChina?
226Whetherpartoftheprofitsofthebankshouldnotbeemployedinerectingmanufacturesofseveralkinds,whicharenotlikelytobesetonfootandcarriedontoperfectionwithoutgreatstock,publicencouragement,generalregulations,andtheconcurrenceofmanyhands?
230WhetheritwerenottobewishedthatourpeopleshewedtheirdescentfromSpain,ratherbytheirhonourandhonestythantheirpride,andifso,whethertheymightnoteasilyinsinuatethemselvesintoalargershareoftheSpanishtrade?
235Whetherwemaynot,withcommonindustryandcommonhonesty,undersellanynationinEurope?
242WhethertheyarenottheSwissthatmakehayandgatherintheharvestthroughoutAlsatia?
269Whethercommissionersoftradeorotherproperpersonsshouldnotbeappointedtodrawupplansofourcommercebothforeignanddomestic,andlaythematthebeginningofeverysessionbeforetheParliament?
270Whetherregistersofindustryshouldnotbekept,andthepubicfromtimetotimeacquaintedwhatnewmanufacturesareintroduced,whatincreaseordecreaseofoldones?
286WhetherthereforeMississippi,SouthSea,andsuchlikeschemeswerenotcalculatedforpubicruin?
289Whetherallsuchprincesandstatesmenarenotgreatlydeceivedwhoimaginethatgoldandsilver,anywaygot,willenrichacountry?
292Whethertheeffectisnottobeconsideredmorethanthekindorquantityofmoney?
299Whetherthosewhohavetheinterestsofthiskingdomatheart,andareconcernedinthecouncilsthereof,oughtnottomakethemosthumbleandearnestrepresentationstohisMajesty,thathemayvouchsafetograntusthatfavour,thewantofwhichisruinoustoourdomesticindustry,andthehavingofwhichwouldinterferewithnointerestofourfellow—subjects?
301WhetherhismostgraciousMajestyhatheverbeenaddressedonthisheadinapropermanner,andhadthecasefairlystatedforhisroyalconsideration,andifnot,whetherwemaynotblameourselves?
302IfhisMajestywouldbepleasedtograntusamint,whethertheconsequencesthereofmaynotproveavaluableconsiderationtothecrown?
311Whethereverykindofemploymentorbusiness,asitimpliesmoreskillandexerciseofthehigherpowers,benotmorevalued?
316Whetherprivateendeavourswithoutassistancefromthepublicarelikelytoadvanceourmanufacturesandcommercetoanygreatdegree?Butwhether,asbillsutteredfromanationalbankuponprivatemortgageswouldfacilitatethepurchasesandprojectsofprivatemen,evensothesamebillsutteredonthepublicsecurityalonemaynotanswerpubicendsinpromotingnewworksandmanufacturesthroughoutthekingdom?
323Whetherasmanyaswishwelltotheircountryoughtnottoaimatincreasingitsmomentum?
第3章