AtthistimeneitherHamburgnoritsterritoryhadanymanufactureofcloth.Allwoollenstuffswereprohibited，accordingtoM.Eudel，andstillmydutywastofurnish，andIhadfurnished，50，000cloaksfortheGrandArmy.IncompliancewitharecentImperialdecreeIhadtohavemadewithoutdelay16，000coats，37，000waistcoats，andtheEmperorrequiredofme200，000pairsofboots，besidesthe40，000pairsIhadsentin.YetM.EudelsaidthattannedandworkedleatheroughtnottoenterHamburg！Ifsucharidiculousapplicationofthelawof1796hadbeenmadeitwouldhaveturnedthedecreeof21stNovember1796againstFrance，withoutfulfillingitsobject.
Thesereflections，towhichIaddedotherdetails，madetheGovernmentconcludethatIwasright，andItradedwithEnglandtothegreatadvantageofthearmies，whichwerewellclothedandshod.Whatintheworldcanbemoreridiculousthancommerciallawscarriedouttoone’sowndetriment？
Atthebeginningof1807myoccupationsatHamburgweredividedbetweenthefurnishingofsuppliesforthearmyandtheinspectionoftheemigrants，whomFouchepretendedtodreadinordertogivegreaterimportancetohisoffice.
IneverletslipanopportunityofmitigatingtherigourofFouche’sorders，which，indeed，weresometimessoabsurdthatIdidnotattempttoexecutethem.Ofthisaninstanceoccurstomyrecollection.AprinteratHamburghadbeenarrestedonthechargeofhavingprintedalibelintheGermanlanguage.Themanwasdetainedinprisonbecause，verymuchtohishonour，hewouldnotdisclosethenameofthewriterofthepamphlet.Isentforhimandquestionedhim.Hetoldme，witheveryappearanceofsincerity，thathehadneverbutonceseenthemanwhohadbroughthimthemanuscript.Iwasconvincedofthetruthofwhathesaid，andIgaveanorderforhisliberation.ToavoidirritatingthesusceptibilityoftheMinisterofPoliceIwrotetohimthefollowingfewlines：——"Thelibelisthemostmiserablerhapsodyimaginable.Theauthor，probablywiththeviewofsellinghispamphletinHolstein，predictsthatDenmarkwillconquereveryothernationandbecomethegreatestkingdomintheworld.ThisalonewillsufficetoprovetoyouhowlittleclangerthereisinrubbishwritteninthestyleoftheApocalypse."
AfterthebattleofEylauIreceivedadespatchfromM.deTalleyrand，towhichwasaddedanaccountinFrenchofthatmemorablebattle，whichwasmorefataltotheconquerorthantotheotherparty，——IcannotsaytheconqueredinspeakingoftheRussians，themoreespeciallywhenI
recollecttheprecautionswhichwerethentakenthroughoutGermanytomakeknowntheFrenchbeforetheRussianversion.TheEmperorwasexceedinglyanxiousthateveryoneshouldviewthateventashehimselfviewedit.Otheraccountsthanhismighthaveproducedanunfavourableimpressioninthenorth.Ithereforehadorderstopublishthataccount.
Icaused2000copiesofittobeissued，whichweremorethansufficientforcirculationintheHanseTownsandtheirterritories.
ThereaderwillperhapscomplainthatIhavebeenalmostsilentwithrespecttothegrandmanoeuvresoftheFrencharmyfromthebattleofEylautothatofFriedland，where，atallevents，oursuccesswasindisputable.Therewasnonecessityforprintingfavourableversionsofthatevent，and，besides，itsimmenseresultsweresoonfeltthroughoutEurope.TheinterviewatTilsitisoneoftheculminatingpointsofmodernhistory，andthewatersoftheNiemenreflectedtheimageofNapoleonattheheightofhisglory.TheinterviewbetweenthetwoEmperorsatTilsit，andthemelancholysituationoftheKingofPrussia，aregenerallyknown.Iwasmadeacquaintedwithbutfewsecretdetailsrelativetothoseevents，forRapphadgonetoDantzic，anditwashewhomostreadilycommunicatedtomeallthattheEmperorsaidanddid，andallthatwaspassingaroundhim.——
——[SavorygivesthefollowingaccountoftheinterviewbetweenNapoleonandAlexanderatTilsit.
"TheEmperorNapoleon，whosecourtesywasmanifestinallhisactions，orderedalargerafttobefloatedinthemiddleoftheriver，uponwhichwasconstructedaroomwellcoveredinandelegantlydecoratedhavingtwodoorsonoppositeaides，eachofwhichopenedintoanantechamber.TheworkcouldnothavebeenbetterexecutedinParis.Theroofwassurmountedbytwoweathercocks：onedisplayingtheeagleofRussia，andtheothertheeagleofFrance.Thetwoouterdoorswerealsosurmountedbytheeaglesofthetwocountries.
"Theraftwaspreciselyinthemiddleoftheriver，withthetwodoorsofthesalonfacingthetwooppositebanks.
"Thetwosovereignsappearedonthebanksoftheriver，andembarkedatthesamemomentButtheEmperorNapoleonhavingagoodboat，mannedbymarinesoftheGuard，arrivedfirstontheraft，enteredtheroom，andwenttotheoppositedoor，whichheopened，andthenstationedhimselfontheedgeoftherafttoreceivetheEmperorAlexander，whohadnotyetarrived，nothavingeachgoodrowersastheEmperorNapoleon.
"ThetwoEmperorsmetinthemostamicableway，etleasttoallappearance.Theyremainedtogetherforaconsiderabletime，andthentookleaveofeachotherwithasfriendlyanairasthatwithwhichtheyhadmet.
"NextdaytheEmperorofRussiaestablishedhimselfatTilsitwithabattalionofhisGuard.Ordersweregivenforevacuatingthatpartofthetownwhereheandhisbattalionweretobequartered;and，thoughwewereverymuchpressedforroom，noencroachmentonthespaceallottedtotheRussianswasthoughtof.
"OnthedaytheEmperorAlexander，enteredTilsitthewholearmywasunderarms.TheImperialGuardwasdrawnoutintwolinesofthreedeepfromthelanding—placetotheEmperorNapoleon’squarters，andfromthencetothequartersoftheEmperorofRussia.Asaluteof100gunswasfiredthemomentAlexandersteppedashoreonthespotwheretheEmperorNapoleonwaswaitingtoreceivehim.ThelattercarriedhisattentiontohisvisitorsofarastosendfromhisquartersthefurnitureforAlexander’sbedchamber.Amongthearticlessentwasacamp—bedbelongingtotheEmperor，whichhepresentedtoAlexander，whoappearedmuchpleasedwiththegift.
"Thismeeting;thefirstwhichhistoryrecordsofthesamekindandofequalimportance，attractedvisitorstoTilsitfrom100leaguesround.M.deTalleyrandarrived，andaftertheobservanceoftheusualceremoniesbusinessbegantobediscussed."（MemoirsoftheDuedeRovigo，tomeiii.p.117）.
"When，"saidNapoleon，"IwasatTilsitwiththeEmperorAlexanderandtheKingofPrussia，Iwasthemostignorantofthethreeinmilitaryaffairs.Thesetwosovereigns，especiallytheKingofPrussia，werecompletely’aufait’astothenumberofbuttonsthereoughttobeinfrontofajacket，howmanybehind，andthemannerinwhichtheskirtsoughttobecut.NotatailorinthearmyknewbetterthanKingFrederickhowmanymeasuresofclothittooktomakeajacket.Infact，"continuedhelaughing，"Iwasnobodyincomparisonwiththem.Theycontinuallytormentedmeaboutmattersbelongingtotailors，ofwhichIwasentirelyignorant，although，inordernottoaffrontthem，Iansweredjustasgravelyasifthefateofanarmydependeduponthecutofajacket.WhenIwenttoseetheKingofPrussia，insteadofalibrary，Ifoundthathehadalargeroom，likeanarsenal，furnishedwithshelvesandpegs;onwhichwerehungfiftyorsixtyjacketsofdifferentpatterns.Everydayhechangedhisfashionandputonadifferentone.Heattachedmoreimportancetothisthanwasnecessaryforthesalvationofakingdom（O’Meara’sNapoleoninExile.）]——
I，however，learnedonecircumstancepeculiarlyworthyofremarkwhichoccurredintheEmperor’sapartmentsatTilsitthefirsttimehereceivedavisitfromtheKingofPrussia.Thatunfortunatemonarch，whowasaccompaniedbyQueenLouisa，hadtakenrefugeinamillbeyondthetown.
Thiswashissolehabitation，whilsttheEmperorsoccupiedthetwoportionsofthetown，whichisdividedbytheNiemen.ThefactIamabouttorelatereachedmeindirectlythroughthemediumofanofficesoftheImperialGuard，whowasondutyinNapoleon’sapartmentsandwasaneye—witnessofit.WhentheEmperorAlexandervisitedNapoleontheycontinuedforalongtimeinconversationonabalconybelow，whereasimmensecrowdhailedtheirmeetingwithenthusiasticshouts.Napoleoncommencedtheconversation，ashedidtheyearprecedingwiththeEmperorofAustria，byspeakingoftheuncertainfateofwar.WhilsttheywereconversingtheKingofPrussiawasannounced.TheKing’semotionwasvisible，andmayeasilybeimagined;forashostilitiesweresuspended，andhisterritoryinpossessionoftheFrench，hisonlyhopewasinthegenerosityoftheconqueror.Napoleonhimself，itissaid，appearedmovedbyhissituation，andinvitedhim，togetherwiththeQueen，todinner.OnsittingdowntotableNapoleonwithgreatgallantrytoldthebeautifulQueenthathewouldrestoretoherSilesia，aprovincewhichsheearnestlywishedshouldberetainedinthenewarrangementswhichwerenecessarilyabouttotakeplace.
——[LasCasesmentionsthatatthetimeofthetreatyofTilsitNapoleonwrotetotheEmpressJosephineasfollows：
"’TheQueenofPrussiaisreallyacharmingwoman.Sheisfondofcoquettingwithme;butdonotbejealous：Iamlikeoilcloth，alongwhicheverythingofthissortelideswithoutpenetrating.Itwouldcostmetoodeartoplaythegallant’
"OnthissubjectananecdotewasrelatedinthesalonofJosephine.
ItwassaidthattheQueenofPrussiaonedayhadabeautifulroseinherhand，whichtheEmperoraskedhertogivehim.TheQueenhesitatedforafewmoments，andthenpresentedittohim，saying，’WhyshouldIsoreadilygrantwhatyourequest，whileyouremaindeaftoallmyentreaties？’（ShealludedtothefortressofMagdeburg，whichshehadearnestlysolicited）（MemorialdeSt.
Helene）.]——
ThetreatyofpeaceconcludedatTilsitbetweenFranceandRussia，onthe7thofJuly，andratifiedtwodaysafter，producednolessstrikingachangeinthegeographicaldivisionofEuropethanhadbeeneffectedtheyearprecedingbytheTreatyofPresburg.ThetreatycontainednostipulationdishonourabletoRussia，whoseterritorywaspreservedinviolate;buthowwasPrussiatreated？Somehistorians，forthevainpleasureofflatteringbyposthumouspraisesthepretendedmoderationofNapoleon，havealmostreproachedhimforhavingsufferedsomeremnantsofthemonarchyofthegreatFredericktosurvive.Thereis，nevertheless，apointonwhichNapoleonhasbeenwrongfullycondemned，atleastwithreferencetothecampaignof1807.Ithasbeensaidthatheshouldatthatperiodhavere—establishedthekingdomofPoland;andcertainlythereiseveryreasontoregret，fortheinterestsofFranceandEurope，thatitwasnotre—established.Butwhenadesire，evenfoundedonreason，isnotcarriedintoeffect，shouldweconcludethatthewished—
forobjectoughttobeachievedindefianceofallobstacles？Atthattime，thatistosay，duringthecampaignofTilsit，insurmountableobstaclesexisted.
If，however，bytheTreatyofTilsit，thethroneofPolandwasnotrestoredtoserveasabarrierbetweenoldEuropeandtheEmpireoftheCzars，NapoleonfoundedaKingdomofWestphalia，whichhegavetotheyoung’ensignedevaisseau’whomhehadscoldedasaschoolboy，andwhomhenowmadeaKing，thathemighthaveanothercrownedprefectunderhiscontrol.TheKingdomofWestphaliawascomposedoftheStatesofHesse—
Cassel，ofapartoftheprovincestakenfromPrussiabythemoderationoftheEmperor，andoftheStatesofPaderborn，Fulda，Brunswick，andapartoftheElectorateofHanover.Napoleon，atthesametime，thoughhedidnotliketodothingsbyhalves，toavoidtouchingtheRussianandAustrianprovincesofoldPoland，plantedonthebanksoftheVistulatheGrandDuchyofWarsaw，whichhegavetotheKingofSaxony，withtheintentionofincreasingordestroyingitafterwardsashemightfindconvenient.ThusheallowedthePolestohopebetterthingsforthefuture，andensuredtohimselfpartisansinthenorthshouldthechancesoffortunecallhimthither.Alexander，whowascajoledevenmorethanhisfatherhadbeenbywhatImaycallthepoliticalcoquetryofNapoleon，consentedtoallthesearrangements，acknowledged’inglobo’
allthekingscrownedbytheEmperor，andacceptedsomeprovinceswhichhadbelongedtohisdespoiledally，theKingofPrussia，doubtlessbywayofconsolationfornothavingbeenabletogetmorerestoredtoPrussia.
ThetwoEmperorspartedthebestfriendsintheworld;buttheContinentalsystemwasstillinexistence.
CHAPTERXII.
1807.
EffectproducedatAltonabytheTreatyofTilsit——TheDukeofMecklenburg—Schwerin’sdeparturefromHamburg——EnglishsquadronintheSound——BombardmentofCopenhagen——PerfidyofEngland——RemarkofBonapartetoM.Lemercier——Prussiaerasedfromthemap——Napoleon’sreturntoParis——SuppressionoftheTribunate——ConfiscationofEnglishmerchandise——NinemillionsgainedtoFrance——M.CaulaincourtAmbassadortoRussia——RepugnanceofEnglandtotheinterventionofRussia——AffairsofPortugal——Junotappointedtocommandthearmy——
ThePrinceRegent’sdeparturefortheBrazils——TheCodeNapoleon——
IntroductionoftheFrenchlawsintoGermany——LeniencyofHamburgJuries——ThestolencloakandtheSyndicDoormann.
TheTreatyofTilsit，assoonasitwasknownatAltona，spreadconsternationamongsttheemigrants.AstotheGermanPrinces，whowereawaitingtheissueofeventseitheratAltolnaorHamburg，whentheylearnedthatadefinitivetreatyofpeacehadbeensignedbetweenFranceandRussia，andthattwodaysaftertheTreatyofTilsitthePrussianmonarchywasplacedatthemercyofNapoleon，everycourierthatarrivedthrewthemintoindescribableagitation.ItdependedontheEmperor’swillwhethertheyweretobeornottobe.TheDukeofMecklenburg—
Schwerinhadnotsucceededingettinghimselfre—establishedinhisstates，byanexceptionaldecision，liketheDukeofWeimar;butatlengthheobtainedtherestitutionofhisterritoryattherequestoftheEmperorAlexander，andonthe28thofJulyhequittedHamburgtoreturntohisDuchy.
TheDanishcharged’affairescommunicatedtomeaboutthesametimeanofficialreportfromhisGovernment.ThisreportannouncedthatonMonday，the3dofAugust，asquadronconsistingoftwelveshipsofthelineandtwelvefrigates，commandedbyAdmiralGambier，hadpassedtheSound.TherestofthesquadronwasseenintheCategat.AtthesametimetheEnglishtroopswhichwereintheislandofRugenhadreembarked.
Wecouldnotthenconceivewhatenterprisethisconsiderableforcehadbeensentupon.Butouruncertaintywassoonatanend.M.Didelot，theFrenchAmbassadoratCopenhagen，arrivedatHamburg，atnineo’clockintheeveningofthe12thofAugust.HehadbeenfortunateenoughtopassthroughtheGreatBelt，thoughinsightoftheEnglish，withoutbeingstopped.IforwardedhisreporttoParisbyanextraordinarycourier.
TheEnglishhadsent20，000menandtwenty—sevenvesselsintotheBaltic;
LordCathcartcommandedthetroops.ThecoastofZealandwasblockadedbyninetyvessels.Mr.Jackson，whohadbeensentbyEnglandtonegotiatewithDenmark，whichshefearedwouldbeinvadedbytheFrenchtroops，supportedthepropositionshewaschargedtooffertoDenmarkbyareferencetothispowerfulBritishforce.Mr.Jackson’sproposalshadfortheirobjectnothinglessthantoinducetheKingofDenmarktoplaceinthecustodyofEnglandthewholeofhisshipsandnavalstores.Theywere，itistrue，tobekeptindeposit，buttheconditioncontainedthewords，"untiltheconclusionofageneralpeace，"whichrenderedtheperiodoftheirrestorationuncertain.Theyweretobedetaineduntilsuchprecautionsshouldbenolongernecessary.Amenaceanditsexecutionfollowedcloseuponthisdemand.Afteranoblebutuselessresistance，andaterrificbombardment，Copenhagensurrendered，andtheDanishfleetwasdestroyed.Itwouldbedifficulttofindinhistoryamoreinfamousandrevoltinginstanceoftheabuseofpoweragainstweakness.
Sometimeafterthiseventapamphletentitled"Germania"appeared，whichItranslatedandsenttotheEmperor.Itwaseloquentlywritten，andexpressedtheindignationwhichtheconductofEnglandhadexcitedintheauthorasineveryoneelse.
——["Thatexpedition，"saidNapoleonatSt.Helena，"showedgreatenergyonthepartofyourMinisters：butsettingasidetheviolationofthelawsof，nationswhichyoucommitted——forinfactitwasnothingbutarobbery——Ithinkthatitwas;injurioustoyourinterests，asitmadetheDanishnationirreconcilableenemiestoyou，andinfactshutyououtofthenorthforthreeyears.WhenI
heardofitIsaid，Iamgladofit，asitwillembroilEnglandirrecoverablywiththeNorthernPowers.TheDanesbeingabletojoinmewithsixteensailofthelinewasofbutlittleconsequence.
Ihadplentyofships，andonlywantedseamen，whomyoudidnottake，andwhomIobtainedafterwards，whilebytheexpeditionyourMinistersestablishedtheircharactersasfaithless，andaspersonswithwhomnoengagements，nolawswerebinding."（VoicefromSt.
Helena.）]——
IhavestatedwhatweretheprincipalconsequencesoftheTreatyofTilsit;itismorethanprobablethatifthebombardmentofCopenhagenhadprecededthetreatytheEmperorwouldhaveusedPrussiaevenworsethanhedid.Hemighthaveerasedherfromthelistofnations;buthedidnotdoso，outofregardtotheEmperorAlexander.ThedestructionofPrussiawasnonewprojectwithBonaparte.IrememberanobservationofhistoM.LemercieruponthatsubjectwhenwefirstwenttoresideatMalmaison.M.LemercierhadbeenreadingtotheFirstConsulsomepoeminwhichFredericktheGreatwasspokenof."Youseemtoadmirehimgreatly，"saidBonapartetoM.Lemercier;"whatdoyoufindinhimsoastonishing？HeisnotequaltoTurenne."——"General，"repliedM.
Lemercier，"itisnotmerelythewarriorthatIesteeminFrederick;itisimpossibletorefrainfromadmiringamanwhowasaphilosopherevenonthethrone."TothistheFirstConsulreplied，inahalfill—humouredtone，"Certainly，Lemercier;butFrederick’sphilosophyshallnotpreventmefromerasinghiskingdomfromthemapofEurope."ThekingdomofFredericktheGreatwasnot，however，obliteratedfromthemap，becausetheEmperorofRussiawouldnotbaselyabandonafaithfulallywhohadincurredwithhimthechancesoffortune.PrussiathenbitterlyhadtolamentthetergiversationswhichhadpreventedherfromdeclaringherselfagainstFranceduringthecampaignofAusterlitz.
NapoleonreturnedtoParisabouttheendofJulyafteranabsenceoftenmonths，thelongesthehadyetmadesincehehadbeenattheheadoftheFrenchGovernment，whetherasConsulorEmperor.TheinterviewatTilsit，theEmperorAlexander’sfriendship，whichwasspokenofeverywhereintermsofexaggeration，andthepeaceestablishedontheContinent，conferredonNapoleonamoralinfluenceinpublicopinionwhichhehadnotpossessedsincehiscoronation.Constantinhishatredofdeliberativeassemblies，whichhehadoftentermedcollectionsofbabblers，ideologists，andphrasemongers，Napoleon，onhisreturntoParis，suppressedtheTribunate，whichhadbeenanannoyancetohimeversincethefirstdayofhiselevation.TheEmperor，whowas’skillfulaboveallmeninspeculatingonthefavourabledispositionofopinion，availedhimselfatthisconjunctureoftheenthusiasmproducedbyhisinterviewontheNiemen.Hethereforediscardedfromthefundamentalinstitutionsofthegovernmentthatwhichstillretainedtheshadowofapopularcharacter.ButitwasnecessarythatheshouldpossessaSenatemerelytovotemen;amuteLegislativeBodytovotemoney;thatthereshouldbenooppositionintheoneandnocriticismintheother;nocontroloverhimofanydescription;thepowerofarbitrarilydoingwhateverhepleased;anenslavedpress;——thiswaswhatNapoleonwished，andthisbeobtained.ButthemonthofMarch1814resolvedthequestionofabsolutepower！
Inthemidstofthesegreataffairs，andwhileNapoleonwasdreamingofuniversalmonarchy，Ibeheldinalessextensivespheretheinevitableconsequencesoftheambitionofasingleman.Pillageandrobberywerecarriedoninallpartsoverwhichmydiplomaticjurisdictionextended.
Rapineseemedtobelegallyauthorised，andwasperpetratedwithsuchfury，andatthesametimewithsuchignorance，thattheagentswerefrequentlyunacquaintedwiththevalueofthearticleswhichtheyseized.
Thus，forexample，theEmperororderedtheseizureatHamburg，Bremen，andLubeckofallEnglishmerchandise，whatevermightbeitsnatureororigin.ThePrinceofNeufchatel（Berthier）wrotetomefromtheEmperorthatImustprocure10，000，000francsfromtheHanseTowns.M.Daru，theIntendant—General，whosebusinessitwastocollectthissortoflevy，whichNapoleonhadlearnedtomakeinEgypt，wrotetourgemetoobtainapromptandfavourabledecision.TheunfortunatetownswhichIwasthusenjoinedtooppresshadalreadysufferedsufficiently.Ihadobtained，bymeansofnegotiation，morethanwasdemandedfortheransomoftheEnglishmerchandise，whichhadbeenseizedaccordingtoorder.BeforeI
receivedthelettersofM.DarnandthePrinceofNeufchatelIhadobtainedfromHamburg16，000，000insteadof10，000，000，besidesnearly3，000，000fromBremenandLubeck.ThusIfurnishedtheGovernmentwith9，000，000morethanhadbeenrequired，andyetIhadsomanagedthatthoseenormoussacrificeswerenotoveroppressivetothosewhomadethem.
IfixedthevalueoftheEnglishmerchandisebecauseIknewthatthehighpriceatwhichitsoldontheContinentwouldnotonlycovertheproposedransombutalsoleaveaconsiderableprofit.SuchwasthesingulareffectoftheContinentalsystemthatwhenmerchandisewasconfiscated，andwhenafterwardsthepermissiontosellitfreelywasgiven，thepricefetchedatthesalewassolargethatthelosswascovered，andevengreatadvantagegained.
PeacebeingconcludedwithRussiaitwasnecessarytomakechoiceofanAmbassador，notonlytomaintainthenewrelationsofamitybetweenNapoleonandAlexander，butlikewisetourgeonthepromisedinterventionofRussiawithEngland，——tobringaboutreconciliationandpeacebetweentheCabinetsofParisandLondon.TheEmperorconfidedthismissiontoCaulaincourt，withrespecttowhomthereexistedanunfoundedprejudicerelatingtosomecircumstanceswhichprecededthedeathoftheDucd’Enghien.Thisunfortunateandu...完整阅读请扫描二维码下载丁香书院APP免费看：