ThewillofBonapartebeingthusexpressedinhismessagetothe——Senate，thatbody，whichwascreatedtopreservetheinstitutionsconsecratedbytheConstitutionoftheyearVIII.，hadnoalternativebuttosubmittotheintentionsmanifestedbytheFirstConsul.Thereplytothemessagewas，therefore，merelyacounterpartofthemessageitself.Itpositivelydeclaredthathereditarygovernmentwasessentialtothehappiness，theglory，andtheprosperityofFrance，andthatthatgovernmentcouldbeconfidedonlytoBonaparteandhisfamily.WhiletheSenatesocomplaisantlyplayeditspartinthiswell—get—uppiece，yet，thebettertoimposeonthecredulityofthemultitude，itsreply，likeBonaparte’smessage，resoundedwiththewordslibertyandequality.
Indeed，itwasimpudentlyassertedinthatreplythatBonaparte’saccessiontohereditarypowerwouldbeacertainguaranteeforthelibertyofthepress，alibertywhichBonaparteheldinthegreatesthorror，andwithoutwhichallotherlibertyisbutavainillusion.
BythisreplyoftheSenatethemostimportantstepwasperformed.Therenowremainedmerelyceremoniestoregulateandformulastofillup.
Thesevariousarrangementsoccasionedadelayofafortnight.Onthe18thofMaytheFirstConsulwasgreetedforthefirsttimebytheappellationofSirebyhisformercolleague，Cambaceres，whoattheheadoftheSenatewenttopresenttoBonapartetheorganic’Senatus—consulte’
containingthefoundationoftheEmpire.NapoleonwasatSt.Cloud，whithertheSenateproceededinstate.AfterthespeechofCambaceres，inwhichtheolddesignationofMajestywasforthefirsttimerevived，theEMPERORreplied：——
Allthatcancontributetothewelfareofthecountryisessentiallyconnectedwithmyhappiness.Iacceptthetitlewhichyoubelievetobeconducivetothegloryofthenation.Isubmittothesanctionofthepeoplethelawofhereditarysuccession.IhopethatFrancewillneverrepentthehonoursshemayconferonmyfamily.Atallevents，myspiritwillnotbewithmyposteritywhentheyceasetomerittheconfidenceandloveofthegreatnation.
CambaceresnextwenttocongratulatetheEmpress，andthenwasrealisedtoJosephinethepredictionwhichIhadmadetoherthreeyearsbeforeatMalmaison.
——[IntheoriginalmotionaspreparedbyCuree，theImperialdignitywastobedeclaredhereditaryinthefamilyofNapoleon.PrevioustobeingformerlyreadbeforetheTribunate，theFirstConsulsentforthedocument，andwhenitwasreturneditwasfoundthatthewordfamilywasalteredtodescendants.Fabre，thePresidentoftheTribunate，whoreceivedthealtereddocumentfromMaret，seeingtheeffectthealterationwouldhaveonthebrothersofNapoleon，andfindingthatMaretaffectedtocrestthechangeasimmaterial，tookonhimselftorestoretheoriginalform，andinthatshapeitwasreadbytheunconsciousCureetotheTribunals.Onthiscurious，passageseeMiotdeMelito，tomeii，p.179.AsfinallysettledthedescentofthecrownindefaultofNapoleon’schildrenwaslimitedtoJosephandLouisandtheirdescendants，butthepowerofadoptionwasgiventoNapoleon.Thedraftofthe’Senates—consulte’washeardbytheCouncilofStateinsilence，andNapoleontriedinvaintogeteventhemosttalkativeofthemembersnowtospeak.TheSenatewerenotunanimousinrenderingthe’Senatus—consulte’.ThethreevotesgivenagainstitweresaidtohavebeenGregoire，theformerconstitutionalBishopofBlois，Carat，whoasMinisterofJusticehadreadtoLouisXVI.thesentenceofdeath，andLanjuinais，oneoftheveryfewsurvivorsoftheGirondists，Thierssaystherewasonlyonedissentientvoice.ForthefuryofthebrothersofNapoleon，whosawthedestructionofalltheirambitionshopesinanymeasureforthedescentofthecrownexceptinthefamily，seeMiot，tomeii.p172，whereJosephisdescribedascursingtheambitionofhisbrother，anddesiringhisdeathasabenefitforFranceandhisfamily.]——
Bonaparte’sfirstactasEmperor，ontheverydayofhiselevationtotheImperialthrone，wasthenominationofJosephtothedignityofGrandElector，withthetitleofImperialHighness.LouiswasraisedtothedignityofConstable，withthesametitle，andCambaceresandLebrunwerecreatedArch—ChancellorandArch—TreasureroftheEmpire.OnthesamedayBonapartewrotethefollowinglettertoCambaceres，thefirstwhichhesignedasEmperor，andmerelywiththenameofNapoleon：——
CITIZENCONSULCAMBACERES——Yourtitlehaschanged;butyourfunctionsandmyconfidenceremainthesame.Inthehighdignitywithwhichyouarenowinvestedyouwillcontinuetomanifest，asyouhavehithertodoneinthatofConsul，thatwisdomandthatdistinguishedtalentwhichentitleyoutosoimportantashareinallthegoodwhichImayhaveeffected.Ihave，therefore，onlytodesirethecontinuanceofthesentimentsyoucherishtowardstheStateandme.
GivenatthePalaceofSt.Cloud，28thFloreal，anXII.
（18thMay1804）.
（Signed）NAPOLEON.
BytheEmperor.
H.B.MARET.
IhavequotedthisfirstletteroftheEmperorbecauseitischaracteristicofBonaparte’sartinmanagingtransitions.ItwastotheCitizenConsulthattheEmperoraddressedhimself，anditwasdatedaccordingtotheRepublicancalendar.Thatcalendar，togetherwiththedelusiveinscriptiononthecoin，wereallthatnowremainedoftheRepublic.NextdaytheEmperorcametoParistoholdagrandleveeattheTuileries，forhewasnotthemantopostponethegratificationthatvanityderivedfromhisnewdignityandtitle.Theassemblywasmorenumerousandbrilliantthanonanyformeroccasion.BessiereshavingaddressedtheEmperoronthepartoftheGuards，theEmperorrepliedinthefollowingterms："IknowthesentimentstheGuardscherishtowardsme.Ireposeperfectconfidenceintheircourageandfidelity.I
constantlysee，withrenewedpleasure，companionsinarmswhohaveescapedsomanydangers，andarecoveredwithsomanyhonourablewounds.
IexperienceasentimentofsatisfactionwhenIlookattheGuards，andthinkthattherehasnot，forthelastfifteenyears，inanyofthefourquartersoftheworld，beenabattleinwhichsomeofthemhavenottakenpart."
OnthesamedayallthegeneralsandcolonelsinPariswerepresentedtotheEmperorbyLouisBonaparte，whohadalreadybeguntoexercisehisfunctionsofConstable.Inafewdayseverythingassumedanewaspect;
butinspiteoftheadmirationwhichwasopenlyexpressedtheParisianssecretlyridiculedthenewcourtiers.ThisgreatlydispleasedBonaparte，whowasverycharitablyinformedofitinordertocheckhisprepossessioninfavourofthemenoftheoldCourt，suchastheComtedeSegur，andatalaterperiodComteLouisdeNarbonne.
TogiveallpossiblesolemnitytohisaccessionNapoleonorderedthattheSenateitselfshouldproclaiminParistheorganic’Senates—consulte’，whichentirelychangedtheConstitutionoftheState.ByoneofthoseanomalieswhichIhavefrequentlyhadoccasiontoremark，theEmperorfixedforthisceremonySunday，the30thFloral.ThatdaywasafestivalinallParis，whiletheunfortunateprisonerswerelanguishinginthedungeonsoftheTemple.
OnthedayafterBonaparte’saccessiontheoldformulaewererestored.
TheEmperordeterminedthattheFrenchPrincesandPrincessesshouldreceivethetitleofImperialHighness;thathissistersshouldtakethesametitle;thatthegranddignitariesoftheEmpireshouldbecalledSereneHighnesses;thatthePrincesandtitulariesofthegranddignitariesshouldbeaddressedbythetitleofMonseigneur;thatM.
Maret，theSecretaryofState，shouldhavetherankofMinister;thattheministersshouldretainthetitleofExcellency，towhichshouldbeaddedthatofMonseigneurinthepetitionsaddressedtothem;andthatthetitleofExcellencyshouldbegiventothePresidentoftheSenate.
AtthesametimeNapoleonappointedthefirstMarshalsoftheEmpire，anddeterminedthattheyshouldbecalledMonsieurleMarechalwhenaddressedverbally，andMonseigneurinwriting.ThefollowingarethenamesofthesesonsoftheRepublictransformedintopropsoftheEmpire：
Berthier，Murat，Moncey，Jourdan，Massena，Augereau，Bernadotte，Soult，Brune，Lannes，Mortier，Ney，Davoust，andBesaieres.ThetitleofMarshaloftheEmpirewasalsograntedtothegeneralsKellerman，Lefebvre，Perignon，andSerrurier，ashavingservedascommander—in—
chief.
ThereadercannothavefailedtoobservethatthenameofLucienhasnotbeenmentionedamongtheindividualsofBonaparte’sfamilyonwhomdignitieswereconferred.Thefactis，thetwobrotherswerenolongerongoodtermswitheachother.Not，asithasbeenalleged，becauseLucienwishedtoplaythepartofaRepublican，butbecausehewouldnotsubmittotheimperiouswillofNapoleoninacircumstanceinwhichthelattercountedonhisbrother’sdocilitytoservetheinterestsofhispolicy.IntheconferenceswhichprecededthegreatchangeintheformofgovernmentitwasnotLucienbutJosephwho，probablyforthesakeofsoundingopinion，affectedanopposition，whichwasbysomemistakenforRepublicanism.WithregardtoLucien，ashehadreallyrenderedgreatservicestoNapoleononthe19thBrumaireatSt.Cloud，andashehimselfexaggeratedthevalueofthoseservices，hesawnorewardworthyofhisambitionbutathroneindependentofhisbrother.ItiscertainthatwhenatMadridhehadaspiredtowinthegoodgracesofaSpanishInfanta，andonthatsubjectreportswerecirculatedwithwhichIhavenothingtodo，becauseIneverhadanyopportunityofascertainingtheirtruth.AllIknowisthat，Lucien’sfirstwifebeingdead，Bonaparte，wishedhimtomarryaGermanPrincess，bywayofformingthefirstgreatallianceinthefamily.Lucien，however，refusedtocomplywithNapoleon’swishes，andhesecretlymarriedthewifeofanagent，named，Ibelieve，Joubertou，whoforthesakeofconveniencewassenttotheWestIndies，wherehe：diedshortlyafter.WhenBonaparteheardofthismarriagefromthepriestbywhomithadbeenclandestinelyperformed，hefellintoafuriouspassion，andresolvednottoconferonLucienthetitleofFrenchPrince，onaccountofwhathetermedhisunequalmatch.
Lucien，therefore，obtainednootherdignitythanthatofSenator.
——[AccordingtoLucienhimself，NapoleonwishedhimtomarrytheQueenofEtruriaMaria—Louise，daughterofCharlesIV.ofSpain，whohadmarried，1795LouiedeBourbon，PrinceofParma，sonoftheDukeofParma，towhomNapoleonhadgivenTuscanyin1801astheKingdomof，Etruria.HerhusbandhaddiedinMay1808，andshegovernedinthenameofherson.Lucien，whosefirstwife，AnneChristineBoyer，haddiedin1801，hadmarriedhissecondwife，AlexandrineLaurencedeBleschamps，whohadmarried，butwhohaddivorced，aM.
Jonberthon.WhenLucienhadbeenambassadorinSpainin1801，chargedamongotherthingswithobtainingElba，theQueen，hesays，wishedNapoleonshouldmarryanInfanta，——DonnaIsabella，heryoungestdaughter，afterwardsQueenofNaples，anoverturetowhichNapoleonseemsnottohavemadeanyanswer.AsforLucien，heobjectedtohisbrotherthattheQueenwasugly，andlaughedatNapoleon’srepresentationsastoherbeing"propre"：butatlastheacknowledgedhismarriagewithMadameJouberthon.Thismadeacompletebreakbetweenthebrothers，andonhearingoftheexecutionoftheDued’Enghien，Luciensaidtohiswife，"Alexandrine，letusgo;hehastastedblood."HewenttoItaly，andin1810triedtogototheUnitedStates.TakenprisonerbytheEnglish，hewasdetainedfirstatMalta，andtheninEngland，atLudlowCastleandatThorngrove，till1814，whenhewenttoRome.ThePope，whoevershowedakindlyfeelingtowardstheBonapartes，madetheex—
"Brutus"BonapartePrincedeCaninoandDuedeMusignano.In1815
hejoinedNapoleonandonthefinalfalloftheEmpirehewasinternedatRometillthedeathofhisbrother.]——
Jerome，whopursuedanoppositelineofconduct，wasafterwardsmadeaKing.AstoLucien’sRepublicanism，itdidnotsurvivethe18thBrumaire，andhewasalwaysawarmpartisanofhereditarysuccession.
ButIpassontorelatewhatIknowrespectingthealmostincredibleinfluencewhich，onthefoundationoftheEmpire，Bonaparteexercisedoverthepowerswhichdidnotyetdaretodeclarewaragainsthim.
IstudiedBonaparte’spolicyclosely，andIcametothisconclusiononthesubject，thathewasgovernedbyambition，bythepassionofdominion，andthatnorelations，onafootingofequality，betweenhimselfandanyotherpower，couldbeoflongduration.TheotherStatesofEuropehadonlytochooseoneoftwothings——submissionorwar.AstosecondaryStates，theymightthenceforthbeconsideredasfiefsoftheFrenchGovernment;andastheycouldnotresist，Bonaparteeasilyaccustomedthemtobendtohisyoke.CantherebeastrongerproofofthisarbitraryinfluencethanwhatoccurredatCarlsruhe，aftertheviolationoftheterritoryofBaden，bythearrestoftheDued’Enghien？
Farfromventuringtomakeanyobservationonthatviolation，socontrarytotherightsofnations，theGrandDukeofBadenwasobligedtopublish，inhisownState，adecreeevidentlydictatedbyBonaparte.Thedecreestated，thatmanyindividualsformerlybelongingtothearmyofCondehavingcometotheneighbourhoodofCarlsruhe，hisElectoralHighnesshadfeltithisdutytodirectthatnoindividualcomingfromConde’sarmy，norindeedanyFrenchemigrant，should，unlesshehadpermissionpreviouslytotheplace，makealongersojournthanwasallowedtoforeigntravellers.SuchwasalreadytheinfluencewhichBonaparteexercisedoverGermany，whosePrinces，touseanexpressionwhichheemployedinalaterdecree，werecrushedbythegrandmeasuresoftheEmpire.
Buttobejust，withouthoweverjustifyingBonaparte，ImustacknowledgethattheintrigueswhichEnglandfomentedinallpartsoftheContinentwerecalculatedtoexcitehisnaturalirritabilitytotheutmostdegree.
TheagentsofEnglandwerespreadoverthewholeofEurope，andtheyvariedtherumourswhichtheywerecommissionedtocirculate，accordingtothechancesofcreditwhichthedifferentplacesafforded.Theirreportsweregenerallyfalse;butcredulitygaveeartothem，andspeculatorsendeavoured，eachaccordingtohisinterest，togivethemsupport.TheheadquartersofallthisplottingwasMunich，whereDrake，whowassentfromEngland，hadthesupremedirection.Hiscorrespondence，whichwasseizedbytheFrenchGovernment，wasatfirstplacedamongstthedocumentstobeproducedonthetrialofGeorges，Moreau，andtheotherprisoners;butinthecourseofthepreliminaryproceedingstheGrandJudgereceiveddirectionstodetachthem，andmakethemthesubjectofaspecialreporttotheFirstConsul，inorderthattheirpublicationbeforehandmightinfluencepublicopinion，andrenderitunfavourabletothosewhoweredoomedtobesacrificed.TheinstructionsgivenbyDraketohisagentsrenderitimpossibletodoubtthatEnglandwishedtooverthrowtheGovernmentofBonaparte.DrakewroteasfollowstoamanwhowasappointedtotravelthroughFrance：——
TheprincipalobjectofyourjourneybeingtheoverthrowoftheexistingGovernment，oneofthemeansofeffectingitistoacquireaknowledgeoftheenemy’splans.Forthispurposeitisofthehighestimportancetobegin，inthefirstplace，byestablishingcommunicationswithpersonswhomaybedependeduponinthedifferentGovernmentofficesinordertoobtainexactinformationofallplanswithrespecttoforeignorinternalaffairs.Theknowledgeoftheseplanswillsupplythebestmeansofdefeatingthem;andfailureisthewaytobringtheGovernmentintocompletediscredit——thefirstandmostimportantsteptowardstheendproposed.TrytogainovertrustworthyagentsinthedifferentGovernmentdepartments.Endeavour，also，tolearnwhatpassesinthesecretcommittee，whichissupposedtobeestablishedatStCloud，andcomposedofthefriendsoftheFirstConsul.BecarefultofurnishinformationofthevariousprojectswhichBonapartemayentertainrelativetoTurkeyandIreland.Likewisesendintelligencerespectingthemovementsoftroops，respectingvesselsandship—building，andallmilitarypreparations.
Drake，inhisinstructions，alsorecommendedthatthesubversionofBonaparte’sGovernmentshould，forthetime，betheonlyobjectinview，andthatnothingshouldbesaidabouttheKing’sintentionsuntilcertaininformationcouldbeobtainedrespectinghisviews;butmostofhislettersandinstructionswereanteriorto1804.ThewholebearingoftheseizeddocumentsprovedwhatBonapartecouldnotbeignorantof，namely，thatEnglandwashisconstantenemy;butafter，examiningthem，IwasofopinionthattheycontainednothingwhichcouldjustifythebeliefthattheGovernmentofGreatBritainauthorisedanyattemptatassassination.
WhentheFirstConsulreceivedthereportoftheGrandJudgerelativetoDrake’splots’againsthisGovernmenthetransmittedacopyofittotheSenate，anditwasinreplytothiscommunicationthattheSenatemadethosefirstovertureswhichBonapartethoughtvague，butwhich，nevertheless，ledtotheformationoftheEmpire.Notwithstandingthisimportantcircumstance，IhavenothithertomentionedDrake，becausehisintriguesforBonaparte’soverthrowappearedtometobemoreimmediatelyconnectedwiththepreliminariesofthetrialofGeorgesandMoreau，whichIshallnoticeinmynextchapter.
——[Thesewerenotplotsforassassination.Bonaparte，inthesameway，hadhissecretagentsineverycountryofEurope，withoutexceptingEngland.Alison（chap.xxxvii.par.89）saysonthismatterofDrakethat，thoughtheEnglishagentswerecertainlyattemptingacounter—revolution，theyhadnoideaofencouragingtheassassinationofNapoleon，while"EnglandwasnomatchfortheFrenchpoliceagentsinatransactionofthisdescription，forthepublicationofRegularrevealedthemortifyingfactthatthewholecorrespondencebothofDrakeandSpencerSmithhadbeenregularlytransmitted，asfastasittookplace，tothepoliceofParis，andthattheirprincipalcorrespondedinthatcity，M.MehudelaTonche，washimselfanagentofthepolice，employedtotempttheBritishenvoysintothisperilousenterprise."]——
AtthesametimethatBonapartecommunicatedtotheSenatethereportoftheGrandJudge，theMinisterforForeignAffairsaddressedthefollowingcircularlettertothemembersoftheDiplomaticBody：
TheFirstConsulhascommandedmetoforwardtoyourExcellencyacopyofareportwhichhasbeenpresentedtohim，respectingaconspiracyformedinFrancebyMr.Drake，hisBritannicMajesty’sMinisterattheCourtofMunich，which，byitsobjectaswellasitsdate，isevidentlyconnectedwiththeinfamousplotnowinthecourseofinvestigation.
TheprintedcopyofMr.Drake’slettersandauthenticdocumentsisannexedtothereport.Theoriginalswillbeimmediatelysent，byorderoftheFirstConsul，totheElectorofBavaria.
Suchaprostitutionofthemosthonourablefunctionwhichcanbeintrustedtoamanisunexampledinthehistoryofcivilisednations.ItwillastonishandafflictEuropeasanunheardofcrime，whichhithertothemostperverseGovernmentshavenotdaredtomeditate.TheFirstConsulistoowellacquaintedwithsentimentsoftheDiplomaticBodyaccreditedtohimnottobefullyconvincedthateveryoneofitsmemberswillbehold，withprofoundregret，theprofanationofthesacredcharacterofAmbassador，baselytransformedintoaministerofplots，snares，andcorruption.
Alltheambassadors，ministers，plenipotentiaries，envoys，ordinaryorextraordinary，whatevermightbetheirdenomination，addressedanswerstotheMinisterforForeignAffairs，inwhichtheyexpressedhorrorandindignationattheconductofEnglandandDrake’smachinations.TheseanswerswerereturnedonlyfivedaysaftertheDucd’Enghien’sdeath;
andhereonecannothelpadmiringtheadroitnessofBonaparte，whothuscompelledalltherepresentativesoftheEuropeanGovernmentstogiveofficialtestimoniesofregardforhispersonandGovernment.
CHAPTERXXYI.
1804.
TrialofMoreau，Georges，andothers——PublicinterestexcitedbyMoreau——Arraignmentoftheprisoners——Moreau’slettertoBonaparte——
ViolenceofthePresidentoftheCourttowardstheprisoners——
LajolaisandRolland——ExaminationsintendedtocriminateMoreau——
Remarkableobservations——SpeechwrittenbyM.Garat——Bonaparte’sopinionofGarat’seloquence——GeneralLecourbeandMoreau’sson——
RespectshowntoMoreaubythemilitary——DifferentsentimentsexcitedbyGeorgesandMoreau——Thoriotand’Tui—roi’——Georges’
answerstotheinterrogatories——Herefusesanofferofpardon——
CosterSt.Victor——Napoleonandanactress——CaptainWright——
M.deRiviereandthemedaloftheComted’Artois——GenerousstrugglebetweenMM.dePolignac——Sentenceontheprisoners——Bonaparte’sremark——Pardonsandexecutions.
Onthe28thofMay，abouttendaysafterNapoleonhadbeendeclaredEmperor，thetrialsofMoreauandotherscommenced.NosimilareventthathassinceoccurredcanconveyanideaofthefermentationwhichthenprevailedinParis.TheindignationexcitedbyMoreau’sarrestwasopenlymanifested，andbravedtheobservationofthepolice.EndeavourshadbeensuccessfullymadetomisleadpublicopinionwithrespecttoGeorgesandsomeothersamongtheaccused，whowerelookeduponasassassinsinthepayofEngland，atleastbythatnumerousportionofthepublicwholentimplicitfaithtodeclarationspresentedtothemasofficial.Butthecasewasdifferentwithregardtothoseindividualswhowereparticularlytheobjectsofpublicinterest，—viz.MM.dePolignac，deRiviere，Charlesd’Hozier，and，aboveall，Moreau.ThenameofMoreautoweredabovealltherest，andwithrespecttohimtheGovernmentfounditselfnotalittleperplexed.Itwasnecessaryontheonehandtosurroundhimwithaguar...完整阅读请扫描二维码下载丁香书院APP免费看：