Shepressedmeearnestly，andwithallherknowngrace，toacceptit;butalmostasmuchacaptiveatParisasaprisonerofstate，IwishedtohavetomyselfinthecountrythemomentsoflibertyIwaspermittedtoenjoy.Yetwhatwasthisliberty？IhadboughtalittlehouseatRuel，whichIkeptduringtwoyearsandahalf.WhenIsawmyfriendsthere，ithadtobeatmidnight，ofatfiveo’clockinthemorning;andtheFirstConsulwouldoftensendformeinthenightwhencouriersarrived.
ItwasforthissortoflibertyIrefusedJosephine’skindoffer.
BonapartecameoncetoseemeinmyretreatatRuel，butJosephineandHortensecameoften：Itwasafavouritewalkwiththeseladies.
AtParisIwaslessfrequentlyabsentfromBonapartethanatMalmaison.
WesometimesintheeveningwalkedtogetherinthegardenoftheTuileriesafterthegateswereclosed.Intheseeveningwalkshealwaysworeagraygreatcoat，andaroundhat.Iwasdirectedtoanswer，"TheFirstConsul，"tothesentinel’schallengeof，"Whogoesthere？"
Thesepromenades，whichwereofmuchbenefittoBonaparte，andmealso，asarelaxationfromourlabours，resembledthosewhichwehadatMalmaison.Astoourpromenadesinthecity，theywereoftenveryamusing.
AttheperiodofourfirstinhabitingtheTuileries，whenIsawBonaparteenterthecabinetateighto’clockintheeveninginhisgraycoat，I
knewhewouldsay，"Bourrienne，comeandtakeaturn."Sometimes，then，insteadofgoingoutbythegardenarcade，wewouldtakethelittlegatewhichleadsfromthecourttotheapartmentsoftheDued’Angouleme.Hewouldtakemyarm，andwewouldgotobuyarticlesoftriflingvalueintheshopsoftheRueSt.Honore;butwedidnotextendourexcursionsfartherthanRuedel’ArbreSec.WhilstImadetheshopkeeperexhibitbeforeusthearticleswhichIappearedanxioustobuyheplayedhispartinaskingquestions.
Nothingwasmoreamusingthantoseehimendeavouringtoimitatethecarelessandjoculartoneoftheyoungmenoffashion.Howawkwardwasheintheattempttoputondandyairswhenpullingupthecornersofhiscravathewouldsay，"Well，Madame，isthereanythingnewto—day？
Citizen，whatsaytheyofBonaparte？Yourshopappearstobewellsupplied.Yousurelyhaveagreatdealofcustom.Whatdopeoplesayofthatbuffoon;Bonaparte？"HewasmadequitehappyonedaywhenwewereobligedtoretirehastilyfromashoptoavoidtheattacksdrawnuponusbytheirreverenttoneinwhichBonapartespokeoftheFirstConsul.
CHAPTERXXXIV.
1800.
Warandmonuments——InfluenceoftherecollectionsofEgypt——
FirstimprovementsinParis——Malmaisontoolittle——St.Cloudtaken——ThePontdesArts——BusinessprescribedformebyBonaparte——
Pecuniaryremuneration——TheFirstConsul’svisittothePritanee——
Hisexaminationofthepupils——Consularpensions——TragicaldeathofMiackzinski——Introductionofvaccination——RecallofthemembersoftheConstituentAssembly——The"canary"volunteers——TronchetandTarget——LiberationoftheAustrianprisoners——Longchampsandsacredmusic.
ThedestructionofmenandtheconstructionofmonumentsweretwothingsperfectlyinunisoninthemindofBonaparte.Itmaybesaidthathispassionformonumentsalmostequalledhispassionforwar;
——[Takepleasure，ifyoucan，inreadingyourreturns.Thegoodconditionofmyarmiesisowingtomydevotingtothemoneortwohoursineveryday.Whenthemonthlyreturnsofmyarmiesandofmyfleets，whichformtwentythickvolumes，aresenttome.Igiveupeveryotheroccupationinordertoreadthemindetailandtoobservethedifferencebetweenonemonthlyreturnandanother.
NoyounggirlenjoyshernovelsomuchasIdothesereturns！
（NapoleontoJoseph，20thAugust1806——DuCasse，tomeiii.
p.145）.]——
butasinallthingshedislikedwhatwaslittleandmean，sohelikedvastconstructionsandgreatbattles.ThesightofthecolossalruinsofthemonumentsofEgypthadnotalittlecontributedtoaugmenthisnaturaltasteforgreatstructures.Itwasnotsomuchthemonumentsthemselvesthatheadmired，butthehistoricalrecollectionstheyperpetuatethegreatnamestheyconsecrate，theimportanteventstheyattest.WhatshouldhehavecaredforthecolumnwhichwebeheldonourarrivalinAlexandriahaditnotbeenPompey’spillar？Itisforartiststoadmireorcensureitsproportionsandornaments，formenoflearningtoexplainitsinscriptions;butthenameofPompeyrendersitanobjectofinteresttoall.
WhenendeavouringtosketchthecharacterofBonaparte，Ioughttohavenoticedhistasteformonuments，forwithoutthischaracteristictraitsomethingessentialiswantingtothecompletionoftheportrait.Thistaste，or，asitmaymoreproperlybecalled，thispassionformonuments，exercisednosmallinfluenceonhisthoughtsandprojectsofglory;yetitdidnotdeterhimfromdirectingattentiontopublicimprovements;ofalessostentatiouskind.Hewishedforgreatmonumentstoperpetuatetherecollectionofhisglory;butatthesametimeheknewhowtoappreciateallthatwastrulyuseful.Hecouldveryrarelybereproachedforrejectinganyplanwithoutexamination;andthisexaminationwasaspeedyaffair，forhisnaturaltactenabledhimimmediatelytoseethingsintheirproperlight.
ThoughmostofthemonumentsandembellishmentsofParisareexecutedfromtheplansofmenoftalent，yetsomeowetheirorigintocircumstancesmerelyaccidental.OfthisIcanmentionanexample.
IwasstandingatthewindowofBonaparte’s’cabinet，whichlookedintothegardenoftheTuileries.Hehadgoneout，andItookadvantageofhisabsencetoarisefrommychair，forIwastiredofsitting.Hehadscarcelybeengoneaminutewhenheunexpectedlyreturnedtoaskmeforapaper."Whatareyoudoingthere，Bourrienne？I’llwageranythingyouareadmiringtheladieswalkingontheterrace."——"Why，ImustconfessI
dosometimesamusemyselfinthatway，"repliedI;"butIassureyou，General，Iwasnowthinkingofsomethingelse.IwaslookingatthatvillainousleftbankoftheSeine，whichalwaysannoysmewiththegapsinitsdirtyquay，andthefloodingswhichalmosteverywinterpreventcommunicationwiththeFaubourgSt.Germain;andIwasthinkingIwouldspeaktoyouonthesubject."Heapproachedthewindow，and，lookingout，said，"Youareright，itisveryugly;andveryoffensivetoseedirtylinenwashedbeforeourwindows.Here，writeimmediately：’ThequayoftheEcoledeNatationisto.befinishedduringnextcampaign.’
SendthatordertotheMinisteroftheInterior."Thequaywasfinishedtheyearfollowing.
AninstanceoftheenormousdifferencewhichfrequentlyappearsbetweentheoriginalestimatesofarchitectsandtheirsubsequentaccountsImaymentionwhatoccurredinrelationtothePalaceofSt.Cloud.ButImustfirstsayawordaboutthemannerinwhichBonaparteoriginallyrefusedandafterwardstookpossessionoftheQueen’spleasure—house.MalmaisonwasasuitablecountryresidenceforBonaparteaslongasheremainedcontentwithhistownapartmentsinthelittleLuxembourg;butthatConsular’bagatelle’wastooconfinedincomparisonwiththespaciousapartmentsintheTuileries.TheinhabitantsofSt.Cloud，well—advised，addressedapetitiontotheLegislativeBody，prayingthattheirdesertedchateaumightbemadethesummerresidenceoftheFirstConsul.ThepetitionwasreferredtotheGovernment;butBonaparte，whowasnotyetConsulforlife，proudlydeclaredthatsolongashewasattheheadofaffairs，and，indeed，forayearafterwards，hewouldacceptnonationalrecompense.Sometimeafterwewenttovisitthepalaceofthe18thBrumaire.Bonapartelikeditexceedingly，butallwasina，stateofcompletedilapidation.ItboreevidentmarksoftheRevolution.TheFirstConsuldidnotwish，asyet，toburdenthebudgetoftheStatewithhispersonalexpenses，andhewasalarmedattheenormoussumrequiredtorenderSt.Cloudhabitable.Flatteryhadnotyetarrivedatthedegreeofproficiencywhichitsubsequentlyattained;buteventhenhisflatterersboldlyassuredhimhemighttakepossessionofSt.Cloudfor25，000francs.ItoldtheFirstConsulthatconsideringtheruinousstateoftheplace，Icouldtosaythattheexpensewouldamounttomorethan1，200，000francs.Bonapartedeterminedtohavearegularestimateoftheexpense，anditamountedtonearly3，000，000.Hethoughtitagreatsum;butashehadresolvedtomakeSt.Cloudhisresidencehegaveordersforcommencingtherepairs，theexpenseofwhich，independentlyofthefurniture，amountedto6，000，000.Somuchforthe3，000，000ofthearchitectandthe25，000francsoftheflatterers.
WhentheFirstConsulcontemplatedthebuildingofthePontdesArtswehadalongconversationonthesubject.Iobservedthatitwouldbemuchbettertobuildthebridgeofstone."Thefirstobjectofmonumentsofthiskind，"saidI，"ispublicutility.Theyrequiresolidityofappearance，andtheirprincipalmeritisduration.Icannotconceive，General，why，inacountrywherethereisabundanceoffinestoneofeveryquality，theuseofironshouldbepreferred."——"Write，"saidBonaparte，"toFontaineandPercier，thearchitects，andaskwhattheythinkofit."Iwroteandtheystatedintheiranswerthat"bridgeswereintendedforpublicutilityandtheembellishmentofcities.TheprojectedbridgebetweentheLouvreandtheQuatre—Nationswouldunquestionablyfulfilthefirstoftheseobjects，aswasprovedbythegreatnumberofpersonswhodailycrossedtheSeineatthatpointinboats;thatthesitefixeduponbetweenthePontNeufandtheTuileriesappearedtobethebestthatcouldbechosenforthepurpose;andthatonthescoreofornamentPariswouldgainlittlebytheconstructionofanironbridge，whichwouldbeverynarrow，andwhich，fromitslightform，wouldnotcorrespondwiththegrandeurofthetwobridgesbetweenwhichitwouldbeplaced."
WhenwehadreceivedtheanswerofMM.PercierandFontaine，weagainhadaconversationonthesubjectofthebridge.ItoldtheFirstConsulthatIperfectlyconcurredintheopinionofMM.FontameandPercier;however，hewouldhavehisownway，andthuswasauthorisedtheconstructionofthetoywhichformedacommunicationbetweentheLouvreandtheInstitute.ButnosoonerwasthePontdesArtsfinishedthanBonapartepronouncedittobemeanandoutofkeepingwiththeotherbridgesaboveandbelowit.OnedaywhenvisitingtheLouvrehestoppedatoneofthewindowslookingtowardsthePoutdesArtsandsaid，"Thereisnosolidity，nograndeuraboutthatbridge.InEngland，wherestoneisscarce，itisverynaturalthatironshouldbeusedforarchesoflargedimensions.ButthecaseisdifferentinFrance，wheretherequisitematerialisabundant."
Theinfernalmachineofthe3dNivose，ofwhichIshallpresentlyspeakmoreatlength，wasthesignalforvastchangesinthequarteroftheTuileries.ThathorribleattemptwasatleastsofarattendedbyhappyresultsthatitcontributedtotheembellishmentofParis.ItwasthoughtmoreadvisablefortheGovernmenttobuyandpulldownthehouseswhichhadbeeninjuredbythemachinethantoletthembeputunderrepair.AsanexampleofBonaparte’sgrandschemesinbuildingImaymentionthat，beingonedayattheLouvre，hepointedtowardsSt.Germainl’Auxerroisandsaidtome，"ThatiswhereIwillbuildanimperialstreet.ItshallrunfromheretotheBarriereduTrone.Itshallbeahundredfeetbroad，andhavearcadesandplantations.Thisstreetshallbethefinestintheworld."
ThepalaceoftheKingofRome，whichwastofacethePontdeJenaandtheChampdeMars，wouldhavebeeninsomemeasureisolatedfromParis，withwhich，however，itwastobeconnectedbyalineofpalaces.Theseweretoextendalongthequay，andweredestinedassplendidresidencesfortheAmbassadorsofforeignsovereigns，atleastaslongasthereshouldbeanysovereignsEuropeexceptNapoleon.TheTempleofGlory，too，whichwastooccupythesiteoftheChurchoflaMadeleine，wasneverfinished.Iftheplanofthismonument，provedthenecessity.
whichBonapartefeltofconstantlyholdingoutstimulantstohissoldiers，itsrelinquishmentwasatleastaproofofhiswisdom.HewhohadreestablishedreligiousworshipinFrance，andhadrestoredtoitsdestinationthechurchoftheInvalides，whichwasforatimemetamorphosedintotheTempleofMars，foresawthataTempleofGlorywouldgivebirthtoasortofpaganismincompatiblewiththeideasoftheage.
TherecollectionofthemagnificentNecropolisofCairofrequentlyrecurredto.Bonaparte’smind.Hehadadmiredthatcityofthedead，whichhehadpartlycontributedtopeople;andhisdesignwastomake，at，thefourcardinalpointsofParis，fourvastcemeteriesontheplanofthatatCairo.
BonapartedeterminedthatallthenewstreetsofParisshouldbe40feetwide，andbeprovidedwithfoot—pavements;inshort，hethoughtnothingtoograndfortheembellishmentofthecapitalofacountrywhichhewishedtomakethefirstintheworld.Nexttowar，heregardtheembellishmentofParisasthesourceofhisglory;andheneverconsideredavictoryfullyachieveduntilhehadraisedamonumenttotransmititsmemorytoposterity.He，wantedglory，，uninterruptedglory，forFranceaswellasforhimself：Howoften，whentalkingoverhisschemes，hashenotsaid，"Bourrienne，itisforFranceIamdoingallthis！AllIwish，allIdesire，theendofallmylaboursis，thatmynameshouldbeindissolublyconnectedwiththatofFrance！"
Parisisnottheonlycity，norisFrancetheonlykingdom，whichbearstracesofNapoleon’spassionforgreatandusefulmonuments.InBelgium，inHolland，inPiedmont，inallItaly，heexecutedgreatimprovements.
AtTurinasplendidbridgewasbuiltoverthePo，inlieuofanoldbridgewhichwasfallinginruins.
HowmanythingswereundertakenandexecutedinNapoleonsshortandeventfulreign！ToobviatethedifficultyofcommunicationbetweenMetzandMayenceamagnificentroadwasmade，asifbymagic，acrossimpracticablemarshesandvastforests.Mountainswerecutthroughandravinesfilledup.Hewouldnotallownaturemorethanmantoresisthim.OnedaywhenbewasproceedingtoBelgiumbythewayofCivet，hewasdetainedforashorttimeatLittleGivet，ontherightbankoftheMeuse，inconsequenceofanaccidentwhichhappenedtotheferry—boat.
HewaswithinagunshotofthefortressofCharlemont，ontheleftbank，andinthevexationwhichthedelayoccasionedhedictatedthefollowingdecree："AbridgeshallbebuiltovertheMeusetojoinLittleCivettoGreatGivet.Itshallbeterminatedduringtheensuingcampaign."Itwascompletedwithintheprescribedtime：InthegreatworkofbridgesandhighwaysBonaparte’schiefobjectwastoremovetheobstaclesandbarrierswhichnaturehadraisedupasthelimitsofoldFrancesoastoformajunctionwiththeprovinceswhichhesuccessivelyannexedtotheEmpire.ThusinSavoyaroad，smoothasagarden—walk，supersededthedangerousascentsanddescentsofthewoodofBramant;thuswasthepassageofMontCenisapleasantpromenadeatalmosteveryseasonoftheyear;thusdidtheSimplonbowhishead，andBonapartemighthavesaid，"TherearenowmyAlps，"withmorereasonthanLouisXIV.said，"TherearenownoPyrenees."
——[Metternich（tomeiv.p.187）saysonthissubject，’Ifyoulookcloselyatthecourseofhumanaffairsyouwillmakestrangediscoveries.Forinstance，thattheSimplonPasshascontributedassurelytoNapoleon’simmortalityasthenumerousworksdoneinthereignoftheEmperorFranciswillfailtoaddtohis.]——
SuchwastheimplicitconfidencewhichBonapartereposedinmethatIwasoftenalarmedattheresponsibilityitobligedmetoincur.
——[Ofthisconfidencethefollowinginstructionsforme，whichhedictatedtoDuroc，affordsufficientproof：——
"1st.CitizenBourrienneshallopenallthelettersaddressedtotheFirstConsul，Vol，andpresentthemtohimthreetimesaday，oroftenerincaseofurgentbusiness.Thelettersshallbedepositedinthecabinetwhentheyareopened.Bourrienneistoanalyseallthosewhichareofsecondaryinterest，andwritetheFirstConsul’sdecisiononeachletter.Thehoursforpresentingthelettersshallbe，first，whentheConsulrises;second，aquarterofanhourbeforedinner;andthird，atelevenatnight.
"2d.HeistohavethesuperintendenceoftheTopographicaloffice，andofanofficeofTranslation，inwhichthereshallbeaGermanandanEnglishclerk.EverydayheshallpresenttotheFirstConsul，atthehoursabovementionedtheGermanandEnglishjournals，togetherwithatranslation.WithrespecttotheItalianjournals，itwillonlybenecessarytomarkwhattheFirstConsulistoread.
"3d.HeshallkeeparegisterofappointmentstoofficesunderGovernment;asecond，forappointmentstojudicialposts;athirdforappointmentstoplacesabroad;andafourth，forthesituationsofreceiversandgreatfinancialposts，whereheistoinscribethenamesofalltheindividualswhomtheFirstConsulmayrefertohim.
Theseregistersmustbewrittenbyhisownhand，andmustbekeptentirelyprivate.
"4th.Secretcorrespondence，andthedifferentreportsofsurveillance，aretobeaddresseddirectlytoBourrienne，andtransmittedbyhimtothehandoftheFirstConsul，bywhomtheywillbereturnedwithouttheinterventionofanythirdparty.
"6th.Thereshallbearegisterforallthatrelatestosecretextraordinaryexpenditure.Bourrienneshallwritethewholewithhisownhand，inorderthatthebusinessmaybekeptfromtheknowledgeofanyone.
"7th.Heshalldespatchallthebusinesswhichmaybereferredtohim，eitherfromCitizenDuroc，orfromthecabinetoftheFirstConsul，takingcaretoarrangeeverythingsoastosecuresecrecy.
（Signed）"BONAPARTE，FirstCouncil.
"Paris，13thGerminal，yearVIII.
"（3d.April1800.）"]——
Officialbusinesswasnottheonlylabourthatdevolveduponme.IhadtowritetothedictationoftheFirstConsulduringagreatpartoftheday，ortodecipherhiswriting，whichwasalwaysthemostlaboriouspartofmyduty.IwassocloselyemployedthatIscarcelyeverwentout;andwhenbychanceIdinedintown，Icouldnotarriveuntiltheverymomentofdinner，andIwasobligedtorunawayimmediatelyafterit.Onceamonth，atmost，IwentwithoutBonapartetotheComedieFrancaise，butI
wasobligedtoreturnatnineo’clock，thatbeingthehouratwhichweresumedbusiness.Corvisart，withwhomIwasintimatelyacquainted，constantlyexpressedhisapprehensionsaboutmyhealth;butmyzealcarriedmethrougheverydifficulty，andduringourstayattheTuileriesIcannotexpresshowhappyIwasinenjoyingtheunreservedconfidenceofthemanonwhomtheeyesofallEuropewerefiled.SoperfectwasthisconfidencethatBonaparte，neitherasGeneral，Consul，norEmperor，evergavemeanyfixedsalary.Inmoneymatterswewerestillcomrades：I
tookfromhisfundswhatwasnecessarytodefraymyexpenses，andofthisBonaparteneveronceaskedmeforanyaccount.
Heoftenmentionedhiswishtoregeneratepubliceducation，whichhethoughtwasillmanaged.Thecentralschoolsdidnotpleasehim;buthecouldnotwithholdhisadmirationfromthePolytechnicSchool，thefinestestablishmentofeducationthatwaseverfounded，butwhichheafterwardsspoiledbygivingitamilitaryorganisation.InonlyonecollegeofParistheoldsystemofstudywaspreserved：thiswastheLouis—le—Grand，whichhadreceivedthenameofPritanee.TheFirstConsuldirectedtheMinisteroftheInteriortodrawupareportonthatestablishment;andhehimselfwenttopayanunexpectedvisittothePritanee，accompaniedbyM.LebrunandDuroc.Heremainedthereupwardsofanhour，andintheeveninghespoketomewithmuchinterestonthesubjectofhisvisit.
"Doyouknow，Bourrienne，"saidhe，"thatIhavebeenperformingthedutiesofprofessor？"——"you，General！"——，"Yes！andIdidnotacquitmyselfbadly.Iexaminedthepupilsinthemathematicalclass;andI
recollectedenoughofmyBezouttomakesomedemonstrationsbeforethem.
Iwenteverywhere，intothebedroomsandthedining—room.Itastedthesoup，whichisbetterthanweusedtohaveatBrienne.Imustdevoteseriousattentiontopubliceducationandthemanagementofthecolleges.
Thepupilsmusthaveauniform.Iobservedsomewellandothersilldressed.Thatwillnotdo.Atcollege，aboveallplaces，thereshouldbeequality.ButIwasmuchpleasedwiththepupilsofthePritanee.
IwishtoknowthenamesofthoseIexamined，andIhavedesiredDuroctoreportthemtome.Iwillgivethemrewards;thatstimul...完整阅读请扫描二维码下载丁香书院APP免费看：