ItwassomewhatremarkableatthattimeMurat，notwithstandinghisnewly—
acquiredrank，toremainBonaparte’s’aidedecamp’，theregulationsnotallowingageneral—in—chiefan’aidedecamp’ofhigherrankthanchiefofbrigade，whichwasequaltothatofcolonel：Thisinsignificantactwas，therefore，ratherahastyanticipationoftheprerogativeseverywherereservedtoprincesandkings.
ItwasafterhavingdischargedthiscommissionthatMurat，onhisreturntoItaly，fellintodisfavourwiththeGeneral—inChief.Heindeedlookeduponhimwithasortofhostilefeeling，andplacedhiminReille’sdivision，andafterwardsBaragasyd’Hilliers’;consequently，whenwewenttoParis，afterthetreatyofCampo—Formio，Muratwasnotoftheparty.Butastheladies，withwhomhewasagreatfavourite，werenotdevoidofinfluencewiththeMinisterofWar，Muratwas，bytheirinterest，attachedtotheengineercorpsintheexpeditiontoEgypt.
OnboardtheOrientheremainedinthemostcompletedisgrace.Bonapartedidnotaddressawordtohimduringthepassage;andinEgypttheGeneral—in—Chiefalwaystreatedhimwithcoldness，andoftensenthimfromtheheadquartersondisagreeableservices.However，theGeneral—in—
ChiefhavingopposedhimtoMouradBey，MuratperformedsuchprodigiesofvalourineveryperilousencounterthatheeffacedthetransitorystainwhichamomentaryhesitationunderthewallsofMantuahadleftonhischaracter.Finally，MuratsopowerfullycontributedtothesuccessofthedayatAboukirthatBonaparte，gladtobeabletocarryanotherlaurelpluckedinEgypttoFrance，forgotthefaultwhichhadmadesounfavourableanimpression，andwasinclinedtoeffacefromhismemoryotherthingsthathehadheardtothedisadvantageofMurat;forIhavegoodreasonsforbelieving，thoughBonapartenever，toldmeso，thatMurat’sname，aswellasthatofCharles，escapedfromthelipsofJunotwhenhemadehisindiscreetcommunicationtoBonaparteatthewallsofMessoudiah.Thechargeofgrenadiers，commandedbyMuratonthe19thBrumaireinthehalloftheFiveHundred，dissipatedalltheremainingtracesofdislike;andinthosemomentswhenBonaparte’spoliticalviewssubduedeveryothersentimentofhismind，therivalofthePrinceSantaCrocereceivedthecommandoftheConsularGuard.
——[JoachimMurat（1771—1616），thesonofaninnkeeper，aidedecamptoNapoleoninItaly，etc.;Marshal，1804;Princein1806;GrandAdmiral;GrandDucdeBergetdeClesves，1808;KingofNaples，1808.ShotbyBourbons13thOctober1815.MarriedCarolineBonaparte（thirdsisterofNapoleon）20thJanuary1600.]——
ItmayreasonablybesupposedthatMadameBonaparte，inendeavouringtowinthefriendshipofMuratbyaidinghispromotion，hadinviewtogainonepartisanmoretoopposetothefamilyandbrothersofBonaparte;andofthiskindofsupportshehadmuchneed.Theirjealoushatredwasdisplayedoneveryoccasion;andtheamiableJosephine，whoseonlyfaultwasbeingtoomuchofthewoman，wascontinuallytormentedbysadpresentiments.Carriedawaybytheeasinessofhercharacter，shedidnotperceivethatthecoquetrywhichenlistedforhersomanydefendersalsosuppliedherimplacableenemieswithweaponstouseagainsther.
InthisstateofthingsJosephine，whowaswellconvincedthatshehadattachedMurattoherselfbythebondsoffriendshipandgratitude，andardentlydesiredtoseehimunitedtoBonapartebyafamilyconnection，favouredwithallherinfluencehismarriagewithCaroline.ShewasnotignorantthatacloseintimacyhadalreadysprungupatMilanbetweenCarolineandMurat，andshewasthefirsttoproposeamarriage.Murathesitated，andwenttoconsultM.Collot，whowasagoodadviserinallthings，andwhoseintimacywithBonapartehadinitiatedhimintoallthesecretsofthefamily.M.CollotadvisedMurattolosenotime，buttogototheFirstConsulandformallydemandthehandofhissister.Muratfollowedhisadvice.Didhedowell？ItwastothisstepthatheowedthethroneofNaples.IfhehadabstainedhewouldnothavebeenshotatPizzo.’SedipsiDeifatarumperenonpossunt！’
Howeverthatmightbe，Bonapartereceived，moreinthemannerofasovereignthanofabrotherinarms，theproposalofMurat.Heheardhimwithunmovedgravity，saidthathewouldconsiderthematter，butgavenopositiveanswer.
Thisaffairwas，asmaybesupposed，thesubjectofconversationintheeveninginthe;salonoftheLuxembourg.MadameBonaparteemployedallherpowersofpersuasiontoobtaintheFirstConsul’sconsent，andhereffortsweresecondedbyHortense，Eugene，andmyself，"Murat，"saidhe，amongotherthings，"Muratisaninnkeeper’sson.Intheelevatedrankwheregloryandfortunehaveplacedme，Inevercanmixhisbloodwithmine！Besides，thereisnohurry：Ishallseebyandby."Weforciblydescribedtohimthereciprocalaffectionofthetwoyoungpeople，anddidnotfailtobringtohisobservationMurat’sdevotedattachmenttohisperson，hissplendidcourageandnobleconductinEgypt."Yes，"saidhe，withwarmth，"Iagreewithyou;MuratwassuperbatAboukir."Wedidnotallowsofavourableamomenttopassby.Weredoubledourentreaties，andatlastheconsented.Whenweweretogetherinhiscabinetintheevening，"Well;Bourrienne，"saidhetome，"yououghttobesatisfied，andsoamI，too，everythingconsidered.Muratissuitedtomysister，andthennoonecansaythatIamproud，orseekgrandalliances.IfIhadgivenmysistertoanoble，allyourJacobinswouldhaveraisedacryofcounter—revolution.Besides，Iamverygladthatmywifeisinterestedinthismarriage，andyoumayeasilysupposethecause.Sinceitisdeterminedon，Iwillhastenitforward;wehavenotimetolose.IfIgotoItalyIwilltakeMuratwithme.Imuststrikeadecisiveblowthere.Adieu."
WhenIenteredtheFirstConsul’schamberatseveno’clockthenextdayheappearedevenmoresatisfiedthanontheprecedingeveningwiththeresolutionhehadtaken.Ieasilyperceivedthatinspiteofallhiscunning，hehadfailedtodiscovertherealmotivewhichhadinducedJosephinetotakesolivelyaninterestrespectingMurat’smarriagewithCaroline.StillBonaparte’ssatisfactionplainlyshowedthathiswife’seagernessforthemarriagehadremovedalldoubtinhismindofthefalsityofthecalumniousreportswhichhadprevailedrespectingherintimacywithMurat.
ThemarriageofMuratandCarolinewascelebratedattheLuxembourg，butwithgreatmodesty.TheFirstConsuldidnotyetthinkthathisfamilyaffairswereaffairsofstate.ButpreviouslytothecelebrationalittlecomedywasenactedinwhichIwasobligedtotakeapart，andI
willrelatehow.
AtthetimeofthemarriageofMuratBonapartehadnotmuchmoney，andthereforeonlygavehissisteradowryof30，000francs.Still，thinkingitnecessarytomakeheramarriagepresent，andnotpossessingthemeanstopurchaseasuitableone，hetookadiamondnecklacewhichbelongedtohiswifeandgaveittothebride.Josephinewasnotatallpleasedwiththisrobbery，andtaxedherwitstodiscoversomemeansofreplacinghernecklace.
JosephinewasawarethatthecelebratedjewelerFoncierpossessedamagnificentcollectionoffinepearlswhichhadbelonged，ashesaid，tothelateQueen，.MarieAntoinette.Havingorderedthemtobebroughttohertoexaminethem，shethoughtthereweresufficienttomakeaveryfinenecklace.Buttomakethepurchase250，000francswererequired，andhowtogetthemwasthedifficulty.MadameBonapartehadrecoursetoBerthier，whowasthenMinisterofWar.Berthier，after，bitinghisnailsaccordingtohisusualhabit，setabouttheliquidationofthedebtsdueforthehospitalserviceinItalywithasmuchspeedaspossible;andasinthosedaysthecontractorswhoseclaimswereadmittedoverflowedwithgratitudetowardstheirpatrons，throughwhomtheyobtainedpayment，thepearlssoonpassedfromFoncier’sshoptothecasketofMadameBonaparte.
Thepearlsbeingthusobtained，therewasstillanotherdifficulty，whichMadameBonapartedidnotatfirstthinkof.Howwasshetowearanecklacepurchasedwithoutherhusband’sknowledge？IndeeditwasthemoredifficultforhertodosoastheFirstConsulknewverywellthathiswifehadnomoney，andbeing，ifImaybeallowedtheexpression，somethingofthebusybody，heknew，orbelievedheknew，allJosephine’sjewels.ThepearlswerethereforecondemnedtoremainmorethanafortnightinMadameBonaparte’scasketwithoutherdaringtousethem.
Whatapunishmentforawoman！Atlengthhervanityovercameherprudence，andbeingunabletoconcealthejewelsanylonger，sheonedaysaidtome，"Bourrienne，thereistobealargepartyhereto—morrow，andIabsolutelymustwearmypearls.Butyouknowhewillgrumbleifhenoticesthem.Ibeg，Bourrienne，thatyouwillkeepnearme.IfheasksmewhereIgotmypearlsImusttellhim，withouthesitation，thatIhavehadthemalongtime."
EverythinghappenedasJosephinefearedandhoped.
Bonaparte，onseeingthepearls，didnotfailtosaytoMadame，"Whatisityouhavegotthere？Howfineyouareto—day！Wheredidyougetthesepearls？IthinkIneversawthembefore."——"Oh！’monDieu’！youhaveseenthemadozentimes！ItisthenecklacewhichtheCisalpineRepublicgaveme，andwhichInowwearinmyhair."——"ButIthink——"——"Stay：askBourrienne，hewilltellyou."——"Well，Bourrienne，whatdoyousaytoit？
Doyourecollectthenecklace？"——"Yes，General，Irecollectverywellseeingitbefore."Thiswasnotuntrue，forMadameBonapartehadpreviouslyshownmethepearls.Besides，shehadreceivedapearlnecklacefromtheCisalpineRepublic，butofincomparablylessvaluethanthatpurchasedfromFancier.Josephineperformedherpartwithcharmingdexterity，andIdidnotactamissthecharacterofaccompliceassignedmeinthislittlecomedy.Bonapartehadnosuspicions.WhenIsawtheeasyconfidencewithwhichMadameBonapartegotthroughthisscene，I
couldnothelprecollectingSuzanne’sreflectiononthereadinesswithwhichwell—bredladiescantellfalsehoodswithoutseemingtodoso.
CHAPTERXXXI.
1800.
Policeonpolice——Falseinformation——DexterityofFouche——Policeagentsdeceived——Moneyillapplied——Inutilityofpoliticalpolice——
Bonaparte’sopinion——Generalconsiderations——MyappointmenttothePrefectureofpolice.
BeforetakinguphisquartersintheTuileriestheFirstConsulorganisedhissecretpolice，whichwasintended，atthesametime，tobetherivalorcheckuponFouche’spolice.DurocandMonceywereatfirsttheDirectorofthispolice;afterwardsDavonstandJunot.MadameBonapartecalledthisbusinessavilesystemofespionage.Myremarksontheinutilityofthemeasureweremadeinvain.BonapartehadtheweaknessatoncetofearFoucheandtothinkhimnecessary.Fouche，whosetalentsatthistradearetoowellknowntoneedmyapprobation，soondiscoveredthissecretinstitution，andthenamesofallthesubalternagentsemployedbythechiefagents.Itisdifficulttoformanideaofthenonsense，absurdity，andfalsehoodcontainedinthebulletinsdrawnupbythenobleandignobleagentsofthepolice.Idonotmeantoenterintodetailsonthisnauseatingsubject;andIshallonlytrespassonthereader’spatiencebyrelating，thoughitbeinanticipation，onefactwhichconcernsmyself，andwhichwillprovethatspiesandtheirwretchedreportscannotbetoomuchdistrusted.
DuringthesecondyearoftheConsulatewewereestablishedatMalmaison.
Junothadaverylargesumathisdisposalforthesecretpoliceofthecapital.Hegave3000francsofittoawretchedmanufacturerofbulletins;theremainderwasexpendedonthepoliceofhisstableandhistable.InreadingoneofthesedailybulletinsIsawthefollowinglines：
"M.deBourriennewentlastnighttoParis.HeenteredanhoteloftheFaubourgSt.Germain，RuedeVarenne，andthere，inthecourseofaveryanimateddiscussion，hegaveittobeunderstoodthattheFirstConsulwishedtomakehimselfKing."
Asithappens，Ineverhadopenedmymouth，eitherrespectingwhatBonapartehadsaidtomebeforewewenttoEgyptorrespectinghisotherfrequentconversationswithmeofthesamenature，duringthisperiodofhisConsulship.Imayhereobserve，too，thatIneverquitted，norevercouldquitMalmaisonforamoment.Atanytime，bynightorday，IwassubjecttobecalledforbytheFirstConsul，and，asveryoftenwasthecase，itsohappenedthatonthenightinquestionhehaddictatedtomenotesandinstructionsuntilthreeo’clockinthemorning.
JunotcameeverydaytoMalmaisonateleveno’clockinthemorning.I
calledhimthatdayintomycabinet，whenIhappenedtobealone."Haveyounotreadyourbulletin？"saidI，"Yes，Ihave."——"Nay，thatisimpossible."——"Why？"——"Because，ifyouhad，youwouldhavesuppressedanabsurdstorywhichrelatestome."——"Ah！"hereplied，"Iamsorryonyouraccount，butIcandependonmyagent，andIwillnotalterawordofhisreport."Ithentoldhimallthathadtakenplaceonthatnight;buthewasobstinate，andwentawayunconvinced.
EverymorningIplacedallthepaperswhichtheFirstConsulhadtoreadonhistable，andamongthe，firstwasJunot’sreport.TheFirstConsulenteredandreadit;oncomingtothepassageconcerningmehebegantosmile.
"Haveyoureadthisbulletin？"——"yes，General."——"WhatanassthatJunotis！ItisalongtimesinceIhaveknownthat."——"Howheallowshimselftobeentrapped！Ishestillhere？"——"Ibelieveso.Ihavejustseenhim，andmadeobservationstohim，allingoodpart，buthewouldhearnothing."——"Tellhimtocomehere."WhenJunotappearedBonapartebegan——"Imbecilethatyouare！howcouldyousendmesuchreportsasthese？
Doyounotreadthem？HowshallIbesurethatyouwillnotcompromiseotherpersonsequallyunjustly？Iwantpositivefacts，notinventions.
Itissometimesinceyouragentdispleasedme;dismisshimdirectly."
Junotwantedtojustifyhimself，butBonapartecuthimshort——"Enough！—
Itissettled！"
IrelatedwhathadpassedtoFouche，whotoldmethat，wishingtoamusehimselfatJunot’sexpense，whosepoliceagentsonlypickedupwhattheyheardrelatedincoffeehouses，gaming—houses，andtheBourse，hehadgivencurrencytothisabsurdstory，whichJunothadcreditedandreported，ashedidmanyotherfoolishtales.FoucheoftencaughtthepoliceofthePalaceinthesnareshelaidforthem，andthusincreasedhisowncredit.
Thiscircumstance，andothersofthesamenature，inducedtheFirstConsultoattachlessimportancethanatfirsthehadtohissecretpolice，whichseldomreportedanythingbutfalseandsillystories.
Thatwretchedpolice！DuringthetimeIwaswithhimitembitteredhislife，andoftenexasperatedhimagainsthiswife，hisrelations，andfriends.
——[Bourrienne，itmustberemembered，wasasuffererfromthevigilanceofthispolice.]——
Rapp，whowasasfrankashewasbrave，tellsusinhisMemoirs（p.233）
thatwhenNapoleon，duringhisretreatfromMoscow，whilebeforeSmolenski，heardoftheattemptofMallet，hecouldnotgetovertheadventureofthePoliceMinister，Savary，andthePrefectofPolice，Pasquier."Napoleon，"saysRapp，"wasnotsurprisedthatthesewretches（hemeanstheagentsofthepolice）whocrowdthesalonsandthetaverns，whoinsinuatethemselveseverywhereandobstructeverything，shouldnothavefoundouttheplot，buthecouldnotunderstandtheweaknessoftheDucdeRovigo.Theverypolicewhichprofessedtodivineeverythinghadletthemselvesbetakenbysurprise."Thepolicepossessednoforesightorfacultyofprevention.Everysillythingthattranspiredwasreportedeitherfrommaliceorstupidity.Whatwasheardwasmisunderstoodordistortedintherecital，sothattheonlyresultoftheplanwasmischiefandconfusion.
Thepoliceasapoliticalengineisadangerousthing.Itfomentsandencouragesmorefalseconspiraciesthanitdiscoversordefeatsrealones.Napoleonhasrelated"thatM.delaRochefoucauldformedatParisaconspiracyinfavouroftheKing，thenatMittau，thefirstactofwhichwastobethedeathoftheChiefoftheGovernment：Theplotbeingdiscovered，atrustypersonbelongingtothepolicewasorderedtojoinitandbecomeoneofthemostactiveagents.HebroughtlettersofrecommendationfromanoldgentlemaninLorrainewhohadheldadistinguishedrankinthearmyofConde."Afterthis，whatmorecanbewanted？Ahundredexamplescouldnotbettershowthevilenessofsuchasystem.Napoleon，whenfallen，himselfthusdisclosedthescandalousmeansemployedbyhisGovernment.
Napoleonononeoccasion，intheIsleofElba，saidtoanofficerwhowasconversingwithhimaboutFrance，"Youbelieve，then;thatthepoliceagentsforeseeeverythingandknoweverything？Theyinventmorethantheydiscover.Mine，Ibelieve，wasbetterthanthattheyhavegotnow，andyetitwasoftenonlybymerechance，theimprudenceofthepartiesimplicated，orthetreacheryofsomeofthem，thatsomethingwasdiscoveredafteraweekorfortnight’sexertion."Napoleon，indirectingthisofficertotransmitletterstohimunderthecoverofacommercialcorrespondence，toquiethisapprehensionsthatthecorrespondencemightbediscovered，said，"Doyouthink，then，thatalllettersareopenedatthepostoffice？Theywouldneverbeabletodoso.Ihaveoftenendeavouredtodiscoverwhatthecorrespondencewasthatpassedundermercantileforms，butIneversucceeded.Thepostoffice，likethepolice，catchesonlyfools."
SinceIamonthesubjectofpoliticalpolice，thatleprosyofmodernsociety，perhapsImaybeallowedtooversteptheorderoftime，andadverttoitsstateeveninthepresentday.
TheMinisterofPolice，togivehisprinceafavourableideaofhisactivity，contrivesgreatconspiracies，whichheisprettysuretodiscoverintime，becauseheistheiroriginator.Theinferioragents，tofindfavourintheeyesoftheMinister，contrivesmallplots.Itwouldbedifficulttomentionaconspiracywhichhasbeendiscovered，exceptwhenthepoliceagentstookpartinit，orwereitspromoters.
Itisdifficulttoconceivehowthoseagentscanfeedalittleintrigue，theresultatfirst，perhaps，ofsomepettyill—humouranddiscontentwhich，thankstotheirskill，soonbecomesagreataffair.Howmanyconspiracieshaveescapedtheboastedactivityandvigilanceofthepolicewhennoneofitsagentswereparties.ImayinstanceBabeuf’sconspiracy，theattemptatthecampatGrenelle，the18thBrumaire，theinfernalmachine，Mallet，the20thofMarch，theaffairofGrenoble，andmanyothers.
Thepoliticalpolice，theresultofthetroublesoftheRevolution，hassurvivedthem.Thecivilpoliceforthesecurityofproperty，health，andorder，isonlymadeasecondaryobject，andhasbeen，therefore，neglected.Therearetimesinwhichitisthoughtofmoreconsequencetodiscoverwhetheracitizengoestomassorconfessionthantodefeatthedesignsofabandofrobbers.Suchastateofthingsisunfortunateforacountry;andthemoneyexpendedonasystemofsuperintendenceoverpersonsallegedtobesuspected，indomesticinquisitions，inthecorruptionofthefriends，relations，andservantsofthemanmarkedoutfordestructionmightbemuchbetteremployed.Theespionageofopinion，created，asIhavesaid，bytherevolutionarytroubles，issuspicious，restless，officious，inquisitorial，vexatious，andtyrannical.
Indifferenttocrimesandrealoffences，itistotallyabsorbedintheinquisitionofthoughts.Whohasnothearditsaidincompany，tosomeonespeakingwarmly，"Bemoderate，M——————issupposedtobelongtothepolice."ThispoliceenthralledBonapartehimselfinitssnares，andheldhimalongtimeundertheinfluenceofitspower.
IhavetakenthelibertythustospeakofascourgeofsocietyofwhichIhavebeenavictim.WhatIherestatemaybereliedon.IshallnotspeakoftheweekduringwhichIhadtodischargethefunctionsofPrefectofPolice，namely，fromthe13thtothe20thofMarch1816.
ItmaywellbesupposedthatthoughIhadnotheldinabhorrencetheinfamoussystemwhichIhavedescribed，theimportantnatureofthecircumstancesandtheshortperiodofmyadministrationmusthavepreventedmefrommakingcompleteuseofthemeansplacedatmydisposal.
Thedictatesofdiscretion，whichIconsidermyselfboundtoobey，forbidmegivingproofsofwhatIadvance.WhatitwasnecessarytodoIaccomplishedwithoutemployingviolentorvexatiousmeans;andIcantakeonmyselftoassertthatnoonehascausetocomplainofme.WereI
topublishthelistofthepersonsIhadorderstoarrest，thoseofthemwhoareyetlivingwouldbeastonishedthattheonlyknowledgetheyhadofmybeingthoPrefectofPolicewasfromtheMoniteur.Iobtainedbymildmeasures，bypersuasion，andreasoningwhatIcouldneverhavegotbyviolence.Iamnotdivulginganysecretsofoffice，butIbelieveI
amrenderingaservicetothepublicinpointingoutwhatIhaveoftenobservedwhileanunwillingconfidantintheshamefulmanoeuvresofthatpoliticalinstitution.
ThewordideologuewasofteninBonaparte’smouth;andinusingitheendeavouredtothrowridiculeonthosemenwhomhefanciedtohaveatendencytowardsthedoctrineofindefiniteperfectibility.Heesteemedthemfortheirmorality，yethelookedonthemasdreamersseekingforthetypeofauniversalconstitution，andconsideringthecharacterofmanintheabstractonly.Theideologues，accordingtohim，lookedforpowerininstitutions;andthathecalledmetaphysics.Hehadnoideaofpowerexceptindirectforce：AllbenevolentmenwhospeculateontheameliorationofhumansocietywereregardedbyBonaparteasdangerous，becausetheirmaximsandprincipleswerediametricallyopposedtotheharshandarbitrarysystemhehadadopted.Hesaidthattheirheartswerebetterthantheirheads，and，farfromwanderingwiththeminabstractions，healwayssaidthatmenwereonlytobegovernedbyfearandinterest.Thefreeexpressionofopinionthroughthepresshasbeenalwaysregardedbythosewhoarenotledawaybyinterestorpowerasusefultosociety.ButBonaparteheldthelibertyofthepressinthegreatesthorror;andsoviolentwashispassionwhenanythingwasurgedinitsfavourthatheseemedtolabourunderanervousattack.Greatmanashewas，hewassorelyafraidoflittleparagraphs.
——[JosephBonapartefairlyenoughremarksonthisthatsuchwritingshaddonegreatharminthoseextrao...完整阅读请扫描二维码下载丁香书院APP免费看：