首页 >出版文学> The Essays of Montaigne>第8章
  Peradventure,asthesayingis,thetermwehavelivedisworthourmoney。Iwasbornbetwixtelevenandtwelveo’clockintheforenoonthelastdayofFebruary1533,accordingtoourcomputation,beginningtheyearthe1stofJanuary,——[ThiswasinvirtueofanordinanceofCharlesIX。in1563。PreviouslytheyearcommencedatEaster,sothatthe1stJanuary1563becamethefirstdayoftheyear1563。]——anditisnowbutjustfifteendayssinceIwascompletenine—and—thirtyyearsold;Imakeaccounttolive,atleast,asmanymore。Inthemeantime,totroubleaman’sselfwiththethoughtofathingsofaroffwerefolly。Butwhat?
  Youngandolddieuponthesameterms;noonedepartsoutoflifeotherwisethanifhehadbutjustbeforeenteredintoit;neitherisanymansooldanddecrepit,who,havingheardofMethuselah,doesnotthinkhehasyettwentygoodyearstocome。Foolthatthouart!whohasassureduntotheethetermoflife?Thoudependestuponphysicians’
  tales:ratherconsulteffectsandexperience。Accordingtothecommoncourseofthings,’tislongsincethatthouhastlivedbyextraordinaryfavour;thouhastalreadyoutlivedtheordinarytermoflife。Andthatitisso,reckonupthyacquaintance,howmanymorehavediedbeforetheyarrivedatthyagethanhaveattaineduntoit;andofthosewhohaveennobledtheirlivesbytheirrenown,takebutanaccount,andIdarelayawagerthouwiltfindmorewhohavediedbeforethanafterfive—and—
  thirtyyearsofage。Itisfullbothofreasonandpiety,too,totakeexamplebythehumanityofJesusChristHimself;now,HeendedHislifeatthree—and—thirtyyears。Thegreatestman,thatwasnomorethanaman,Alexander,diedalsoatthesameage。Howmanyseveralwayshasdeathtosurpriseus?
  "Quidquisque,vitet,nunquamhominisatisCautumestinhoras。"
  ["Beascautiousashemay,mancanneverforeseethedangerthatmayatanyhourbefalhim。"——Hor。O。ii。13,13。]
  Toomitfeversandpleurisies,whowouldeverhaveimaginedthatadukeofBrittany,——[JeanII。died1305。]——shouldbepressedtodeathinacrowdasthatdukewasattheentryofPopeClement,myneighbour,intoLyons?——[Montaignespeaksofhimasifhehadbeenacontemporaryneighbour,perhapsbecausehewastheArchbishopofBordeaux。BertrandleGotwasPopeunderthetitleofClementV。,1305—14。]——Hastthounotseenoneofourkings——[HenryII。,killedinatournament,July10,1559]——killedatatilting,anddidnotoneofhisancestorsdiebyjostleofahog?——[Philip,eldestsonofLouisleGros。]——AEschylus,threatenedwiththefallofahouse,wastomuchpurposecircumspecttoavoidthatdanger,seeingthathewasknockedontheheadbyatortoisefallingoutofaneagle’stalonsintheair。Anotherwaschokedwithagrape—stone;——[Val。Max。,ix。12,ext。2。]——anemperorkilledwiththescratchofacombincombinghishead。AEmiliusLepiduswithastumbleathisownthreshold,——[Pliny,Nat。Hist。,vii。33。]——andAufidiuswithajostleagainstthedoorasheenteredthecouncil—
  chamber。Andbetwixttheverythighsofwomen,CorneliusGallustheproctor;Tigillinus,captainofthewatchatRome;Ludovico,sonofGuidodiGonzaga,MarquisofMantua;and(ofworseexample)Speusippus,aPlatonicphilosopher,andoneofourPopes。"ThepoorjudgeBebiusgaveadjournmentinacaseforeightdays;buthehimself,meanwhile,wascondemnedbydeath,andhisownstayoflifeexpired。WhilstCaiusJulius,thephysician,wasanointingtheeyesofapatient,deathclosedhisown;and,ifImaybringinanexampleofmyownblood,abrotherofmine,CaptainSt。Martin,ayoungman,three—and—twentyyearsold,whohadalreadygivensufficienttestimonyofhisvalour,playingamatchattennis,receivedablowofaballalittleabovehisrightear,which,asitgavenomannerofsignofwoundorcontusion,hetooknonoticeofit,norsomuchassatdowntoreposehimself,but,nevertheless,diedwithinfiveorsixhoursafterofanapoplexyoccasionedbythatblow。
  Thesesofrequentandcommonexamplespassingeverydaybeforeoureyes,howisitpossibleamanshoulddisengagehimselffromthethoughtofdeath,oravoidfancyingthatithasuseverymomentbythethroat?Whatmatterisit,youwillsay,whichwayitcomestopass,providedamandoesnotterrifyhimselfwiththeexpectation?Formypart,Iamofthismind,andifamancouldbyanymeansavoidit,thoughbycreepingunderacalf’sskin,Iamonethatshouldnotbeashamedoftheshift;allI
  aimatis,topassmytimeatmyease,andtherecreationsthatwillmostcontributetoit,Itakeholdof,aslittlegloriousandexemplaryasyouwill:
  "Praetulerim……delirusinersquevideri,Dummeadelectentmalame,veldeniquefallant,Quamsapere,etringi。"
  ["Ihadratherseemmadandasluggard,sothatmydefectsareagreeabletomyself,orthatIamnotpainfullyconsciousofthem,thanbewise,andchaptious。"——Hor。,Ep。,ii。2,126。]
  But’tisfollytothinkofdoinganythingthatway。Theygo,theycome,theygallopanddance,andnotawordofdeath。Allthisisveryfine;
  butwithal,whenitcomeseithertothemselves,theirwives,theirchildren,orfriends,surprisingthematunawaresandunprepared,then,whattorment,whatoutcries,whatmadnessanddespair!Didyoueverseeanythingsosubdued,sochanged,andsoconfounded?Amanmust,therefore,makemoreearlyprovisionforit;andthisbrutishnegligence,coulditpossiblylodgeinthebrainofanymanofsense(whichIthinkutterlyimpossible),sellsusitsmerchandisetoodear。Wereitanenemythatcouldbeavoided,Iwouldthenadvisetoborrowarmsevenofcowardiceitself;butseeingitisnot,andthatitwillcatchyouaswellflyingandplayingthepoltroon,asstandingto’tlikeanhonestman:——
  "Nempeetfugacempersequiturvirum,NecparcitimbellisjuventaePoplitibustimidoquetergo。"
  ["Hepursuestheflyingpoltroon,norsparesthehamstringsoftheunwarlikeyouthwhoturnshisback"——Hor。,Ep。,iii。2,14。]
  Andseeingthatnotemperofarmsisofprooftosecureus:——
  "Illelicetferrocautus,secondatetaere,Morstameninclusumprotrahetindecaput"
  ["Lethimhidebeneathironorbrassinhisfear,deathwillpullhisheadoutofhisarmour。"——Propertiousiii。18]
  ——letuslearnbravelytostandourground,andfighthim。Andtobegintodeprivehimofthegreatestadvantagehehasoverus,letustakeawayquitecontrarytothecommoncourse。Letusdisarmhimofhisnoveltyandstrangeness,letusconverseandbefamiliarwithhim,andhavenothingsofrequentinourthoughtsasdeath。Uponalloccasionsrepresenthimtoourimaginationinhiseveryshape;atthestumblingofahorse,atthefallingofatile,attheleastprickwithapin,letuspresentlyconsider,andsaytoourselves,"Well,andwhatifithadbeendeathitself?"and,thereupon,letusencourageandfortifyourselves。
  Letusevermore,amidstourjollityandfeasting,settheremembranceofourfrailconditionbeforeoureyes,neversufferingourselvestobesofartransportedwithourdelights,butthatwehavesomeintervalsofreflectingupon,andconsideringhowmanyseveralwaysthisjollityofourstendstodeath,andwithhowmanydangersitthreatensit。TheEgyptianswerewonttodoafterthismanner,whointheheightoftheirfeastingandmirth,causedadriedskeletonofamantobebroughtintotheroomtoserveforamementototheirguests:
  "OmnemcredediemtibidiluxissesupremumGratasuperveniet,quaenonsperabitur,hora。"
  ["Thinkeachdaywhenpastisthylast;thenextday,asunexpected,willbethemorewelcome。"——"—Hor。,Ep。,i。4,13。]
  Wheredeathwaitsforusisuncertain;letuslookforhimeverywhere。
  Thepremeditationofdeathisthepremeditationofliberty;hewhohaslearnedtodiehasunlearnedtoserve。Thereisnothingevilinlifeforhimwhorightlycomprehendsthattheprivationoflifeisnoevil:toknow,howtodiedeliversusfromallsubjectionandconstraint。PaulusEmiliusansweredhimwhomthemiserableKingofMacedon,hisprisoner,senttoentreathimthathewouldnotleadhiminhistriumph,"Lethimmakethatrequesttohimself。"——[Plutarch,LifeofPaulusAemilius,c。17;Cicero,Tusc。,v。40。]
  Intruth,inallthings,ifnaturedonothelpalittle,itisveryhardforartandindustrytoperformanythingtopurpose。Iaminmyownnaturenotmelancholic,butmeditative;andthereisnothingIhavemorecontinuallyentertainedmyselfwithalthanimaginationsofdeath,eveninthemostwantontimeofmyage:
  "Jucundumquumaetasfloridaverageret。"
  ["Whenmyfloridagerejoicedinpleasantspring。"
  ——Catullus,lxviii。]
  Inthecompanyofladies,andatgames,somehaveperhapsthoughtmepossessedwithsomejealousy,ortheuncertaintyofsomehope,whilstI
  wasentertainingmyselfwiththeremembranceofsomeone,surprised,afewdaysbefore,withaburningfeverofwhichhedied,returningfromanentertainmentlikethis,withhisheadfullofidlefanciesofloveandjollity,asminewasthen,andthat,foraughtIknew,thesame—destinywasattendingme。
  "Jamfuerit,necpostunquamrevocarelicebit。"
  ["Presentlythepresentwillhavegone,nevertoberecalled。"
  Lucretius,iii。928。]
  Yetdidnotthisthoughtwrinklemyforeheadanymorethananyother。
  Itisimpossiblebutwemustfeelastinginsuchimaginationsasthese,atfirst;butwithoftenturningandreturningtheminone’smind,they,atlast,becomesofamiliarastobenotroubleatall:otherwise,I,formypart,shouldbeinaperpetualfrightandfrenzy;fornevermanwassodistrustfulofhislife,nevermansouncertainastoitsduration。
  Neitherhealth,whichIhavehithertoeverenjoyedverystrongandvigorous,andveryseldominterrupted,doesprolong,norsicknesscontractmyhopes。Everyminute,methinks,Iamescaping,anditeternallyrunsinmymind,thatwhatmaybedoneto—morrow,maybedoneto—day。Hazardsanddangersdo,intruth,littleornothinghastenourend;andifweconsiderhowmanythousandsmoreremainandhangoverourheads,besidestheaccidentthatimmediatelythreatensus,weshallfindthatthesoundandthesick,thosethatareabroadatsea,andthosethatsitbythefire,thosewhoareengagedinbattle,andthosewhositidleathome,aretheoneasnearitastheother。
  "Nemoalterofragiliorest;nemoincrastinumsuicertior。"
  ["Nomanismorefragilethananother:nomanmorecertainthananotherofto—morrow。"——Seneca,Ep。,91。]
  ForanythingIhavetodobeforeIdie,thelongestleisurewouldappeartooshort,wereitbutanhour’sbusinessIhadtodo。
  Afriendofminetheotherdayturningovermytablets,foundthereinamemorandumofsomethingIwouldhavedoneaftermydecease,whereuponI
  toldhim,asitwasreallytrue,thatthoughIwasnomorethanaleague’sdistanceonlyfrommyownhouse,andmerryandwell,yetwhenthatthingcameintomyhead,Imadehastetowriteitdownthere,becauseIwasnotcertaintolivetillIcamehome。Asamanthatameternallybroodingovermyownthoughts,andconfinethemtomyownparticularconcerns,IamatallhoursaswellpreparedasIameverliketobe,anddeath,wheneverheshallcome,canbringnothingalongwithhimIdidnotexpectlongbefore。Weshouldalways,asnearaswecan,bebootedandspurred,andreadytogo,and,aboveallthings,takecare,atthattime,tohavenobusinesswithanyonebutone’sself:——
  "QuidbrevifortesjaculamuravoMulta?"
  ["Whyforsoshortalifeteaseourselveswithsomanyprojects?"
  ——Hor。,Od。,ii。16,17。]
  forweshalltherefindworkenoughtodo,withoutanyneedofaddition。
  Onemancomplains,morethanofdeath,thatheistherebypreventedofagloriousvictory;another,thathemustdiebeforehehasmarriedhisdaughter,oreducatedhischildren;athirdseemsonlytroubledthathemustlosethesocietyofhiswife;afourth,theconversationofhisson,astheprincipalcomfortandconcernofhisbeing。Formypart,Iam,thanksbetoGod,atthisinstantinsuchacondition,thatIamreadytodislodge,wheneveritshallpleaseHim,withoutregretforanythingwhatsoever。Idisengagemyselfthroughoutfromallworldlyrelations;
  myleaveissoontakenofallbutmyself。Neverdidanyonepreparetobidadieutotheworldmoreabsolutelyandunreservedly,andtoshakehandswithallmannerofinterestinit,thanIexpecttodo。Thedeadestdeathsarethebest:
  "`Miser,Omiser,’aiunt,’omniaademitUnadiesinfestamihitotpraemiavitae。’"
  ["’WretchthatIam,’theycry,’onefataldayhasdeprivedmeofalljoysoflife。’"——Lucretius,iii。911。]
  Andthebuilder,"Manuet,"sayshe,"operainterrupta,minaequeMurorumingentes。"
  ["Theworksremainincomplete,thetallpinnaclesofthewallsunmade。"——AEneid,iv。88。]
  Amanmustdesignnothingthatwillrequiresomuchtimetothefinishing,or,atleast,withnosuchpassionatedesiretoseeitbroughttoperfection。Weareborntoaction:
  "Quummoriar,mediumsolvaretinteropus。"
  ["WhenIshalldie,letitbedoingthatIhaddesigned。"
  ——Ovid,Amor。,ii。10,36。
  Iwouldalwayshaveamantobedoing,and,asmuchasinhimlies,toextendandspinouttheofficesoflife;andthenletdeathtakemeplantingmycabbages,indifferenttohim,andstilllessofmygardensnotbeingfinished。Isawonedie,who,athislastgasp,complainedofnothingsomuchasthatdestinywasabouttocutthethreadofachroniclehewasthencompiling,whenhewasgonenofartherthanthefifteenthorsixteenthofourkings:
  "Illudinhisrebusnonaddunt:nectibiearumjamdesideriumrerumsuperinsidetuna。"
  ["Theydonotadd,thatdying,wehavenolongeradesiretopossessthings。"——Lucretius,iii。913。]
  Wearetodischargeourselvesfromthesevulgarandhurtfulhumours。
  Tothispurposeitwasthatmenfirstappointedtheplacesofsepultureadjoiningthechurches,andinthemostfrequentedplacesofthecity,toaccustom,saysLycurgus,thecommonpeople,women,andchildren,thattheyshouldnotbestartledatthesightofacorpse,andtotheend,thatthecontinualspectacleofbones,graves,andfuneralobsequiesshouldputusinmindofourfrailcondition:
  "QuinetiamexhilararevirisconviviacaedeMosolim,etmiscereepulisspectaculadiraCertantumferro,saepeetsuperipsacadentumPocula,respersisnonparcosanguinemensis。"
  ["Itwasformerlythecustomtoenlivenbanquetswithslaughter,andtocombinewiththerepastthedirespectacleofmencontendingwiththesword,thedyinginmanycasesfallinguponthecups,andcoveringthetableswithblood。"——SiliusItalicus,xi。51。]
  AndastheEgyptiansaftertheirfeastswerewonttopresentthecompanywithagreatimageofdeath,byonethatcriedouttothem,"Drinkandbemerry,forsuchshaltthoubewhenthouartdead";soitismycustomtohavedeathnotonlyinmyimagination,butcontinuallyinmymouth。
  NeitheristhereanythingofwhichIamsoinquisitive,anddelighttoinformmyself,asthemannerofmen’sdeaths,theirwords,looks,andbearing;noranyplacesinhistoryIamsointentupon;anditismanifestenough,bymycrowdinginexamplesofthiskind,thatIhaveaparticularfancyforthatsubject。IfIwereawriterofbooks,Iwouldcompilearegister,withacomment,ofthevariousdeathsofmen:hewhoshouldteachmentodiewouldatthesametimeteachthemtolive。
  Dicarchusmadeone,towhichhegavethattitle。;butitwasdesignedforanotherandlessprofitableend。
  Peradventure,someonemayobject,thatthepainandterrorofdyingsoinfinitelyexceedallmannerofimagination,thatthebestfencerwillbequiteoutofhisplaywhenitcomestothepush。Letthemsaywhattheywill:topremeditateisdoubtlessaverygreatadvantage;andbesides,isitnothingtogosofar,atleast,withoutdisturbanceoralteration?
  Moreover,Natureherselfassistsandencouragesus:ifthedeathbesuddenandviolent,wehavenotleisuretofear;ifotherwise,IperceivethatasIengagefurtherinmydisease,Inaturallyenterintoacertainloathinganddisdainoflife。IfindIhavemuchmoreadotodigestthisresolutionofdying,whenIamwellinhealth,thanwhenlanguishingofafever;andbyhowmuchIhavelesstodowiththecommoditiesoflife,byreasonthatIbegintolosetheuseandpleasureofthem,bysomuchI
  lookupondeathwithlessterror。Whichmakesmehope,thatthefurtherIremovefromthefirst,andthenearerIapproachtothelatter,Ishallthemoreeasilyexchangetheonefortheother。And,asIhaveexperiencedinotheroccurrences,that,asCaesarsays,thingsoftenappeargreatertousatdistancethannearathand,Ihavefound,thatbeingwell,Ihavehadmaladiesinmuchgreaterhorrorthanwhenreallyafflictedwiththem。ThevigourwhereinInowam,thecheerfulnessanddelightwhereinInowlive,makethecontraryestateappearinsogreatadisproportiontomypresentcondition,that,byimagination,Imagnifythoseinconveniencesbyone—half,andapprehendthemtobemuchmoretroublesome,thanIfindthemreallytobe,whentheyliethemostheavyuponme;Ihopetofinddeaththesame。
  Letusbutobserveintheordinarychangesanddeclinationswedailysuffer,hownaturedeprivesusofthelightandsenseofourbodilydecay。Whatremainstoanoldmanofthevigourofhisyouthandbetterdays?
  "Heu!senibusvitaeportioquantamanet。"
  ["Alas,tooldmenwhatportionofliferemains!"———Maximian,velPseudo—Gallus,i。16。]
  Caesar,toanoldweather—beatensoldierofhisguards,whocametoaskhimleavethathemightkillhimself,takingnoticeofhiswitheredbodyanddecrepitmotion,pleasantlyanswered,"Thoufanciest,then,thatthouartyetalive。"——[Seneca,Ep。,77。]——Shouldamanfallintothisconditiononthesudden,Idonotthinkhumanitycapableofenduringsuchachange:butnature,leadingusbythehand,aneasyand,asitwere,aninsensiblepace,stepbystepconductsustothatmiserablestate,andbythatmeansmakesitfamiliartous,sothatweareinsensibleofthestrokewhenouryouthdiesinus,thoughitbereallyaharderdeaththanthefinaldissolutionofalanguishingbody,thanthedeathofoldage;
  forasmuchasthefallisnotsogreatfromanuneasybeingtononeatall,asitisfromasprightlyandflourishingbeingtoonethatistroublesomeandpainful。Thebody,bentandbowed,haslessforcetosupportaburden;anditisthesamewiththesoul,andthereforeitis,thatwearetoraiseherupfirmanderectagainstthepowerofthisadversary。For,asitisimpossiblesheshouldeverbeatrest,whilstshestandsinfearofit;so,ifsheoncecanassureherself,shemayboast(whichisathingasitweresurpassinghumancondition)thatitisimpossiblethatdisquiet,anxiety,orfear,oranyotherdisturbance,shouldinhabitorhaveanyplaceinher:
  "NonvulnusinstantsTyranniMenthacadisolida,nequeAusterDuxinquietiturbidusAdriae,NecfulminantismagnaJovismanus。"
  ["Notthemenacinglookofatyrantshakesherwell—settledsoul,norturbulentAuster,theprinceofthestormyAdriatic,noryetthestronghandofthunderingJove,suchatempermoves。"
  ——Hor。,Od。,iii。3,3。]
  Sheisthenbecomesovereignofallherlustsandpassions,mistressofnecessity,shame,poverty,andalltheotherinjuriesoffortune。Letus,therefore,asmanyofusascan,getthisadvantage;’tisthetrueandsovereignlibertyhereonearth,thatfortifiesuswherewithaltodefyviolenceandinjustice,andtocontemnprisonsandchains:
  "InmanicisetCompedibussaevotesubcustodetenebo。
  IpseDeus,simulatquevolam,mesolvet。Opinor,Hocsentit;moriar;morsultimalinearerumest。"
  ["Iwillkeeptheeinfettersandchains,incustodyofasavagekeeper。——AgodwillwhenIaskHim,setmefree。
  ThisgodIthinkisdeath。Deathisthetermofallthings。"
  ——Hor。,Ep。,i。16,76。]
  Ourveryreligionitselfhasnosurerhumanfoundationthanthecontemptofdeath。Notonlytheargumentofreasoninvitesustoit——forwhyshouldwefeartoloseathing,whichbeinglost,cannotbelamented?——
  but,also,seeingwearethreatenedbysomanysortsofdeath,isitnotinfinitelyworseeternallytofearthemall,thanoncetoundergooneofthem?Andwhatmattersit,whenitshallhappen,sinceitisinevitable?
  TohimthattoldSocrates,"Thethirtytyrantshavesentencedtheetodeath";"Andnaturethem,"saidhe。——[Socrateswasnotcondemnedtodeathbythethirtytyrants,butbytheAthenians。—DiogenesLaertius,ii。35。]——
  Whataridiculousthingitistotroubleourselvesabouttakingtheonlystepthatistodeliverusfromalltrouble!Asourbirthbroughtusthebirthofallthings,soinourdeathisthedeathofallthingsincluded。
  Andthereforetolamentthatweshallnotbealiveahundredyearshence,isthesamefollyastobesorrywewerenotaliveahundredyearsago。
  Deathisthebeginningofanotherlife。Sodidweweep,andsomuchitcostustoenterintothis,andsodidweputoffourformerveilinenteringintoit。Nothingcanbeagrievancethatisbutonce。Isitreasonablesolongtofearathingthatwillsosoonbedespatched?
  Longlife,andshort,arebydeathmadeallone;forthereisnolong,norshort,tothingsthatarenomore。AristotletellsusthattherearecertainlittlebeastsuponthebanksoftheriverHypanis,thatneverliveaboveaday:theywhichdieateightoftheclockinthemorning,dieintheiryouth,andthosethatdieatfiveintheevening,intheirdecrepitude:whichofuswouldnotlaughtoseethismomentofcontinuanceputintotheconsiderationofwealorwoe?Themostandtheleast,ofours,incomparisonwitheternity,oryetwiththedurationofmountains,rivers,stars,trees,andevenofsomeanimals,isnolessridiculous。——[Seneca,Consol。adMarciam,c。20。]
  Butnaturecompelsustoit。"Gooutofthisworld,"saysshe,"asyouenteredintoit;thesamepassyoumadefromdeathtolife,withoutpassionorfear,thesame,afterthesamemanner,repeatfromlifetodeath。Yourdeathisapartoftheorderoftheuniverse,’tisapartofthelifeoftheworld。
  "’Intersemortalesmutuavivunt……
  Et,quasicursores,vitailampadatradunt。’
  ["Mortals,amongstthemselves,livebyturns,and,liketherunnersinthegames,giveupthelamp,whentheyhavewontherace,tothenextcomer。——"Lucretius,ii。75,78。]
  "ShallIexchangeforyouthisbeautifulcontextureofthings?’Tistheconditionofyourcreation;deathisapartofyou,andwhilstyouendeavourtoevadeit,youevadeyourselves。Thisverybeingofyoursthatyounowenjoyisequallydividedbetwixtlifeanddeath。Thedayofyourbirthisoneday’sadvancetowardsthegrave:
  "’Prima,quxvitamdedit,horacarpsit。’
  ["Thefirsthourthatgaveuslifetookawayalsoanhour。"
  ——Seneca,Her。Fur。,3Chor。874。]
  "’Nascentesmorimur,finisqueaboriginependet。’
  ["Aswearebornwedie,andtheendcommenceswiththebeginning。"—
  —Manilius,Ast。,iv。16。]
  "Allthewholetimeyoulive,youpurloinfromlifeandliveattheexpenseoflifeitself。Theperpetualworkofyourlifeisbuttolaythefoundationofdeath。Youareindeath,whilstyouareinlife,becauseyoustillareafterdeath,whenyouarenomorealive;or,ifyouhadratherhaveitso,youaredeadafterlife,butdyingallthewhileyoulive;anddeathhandlesthedyingmuchmorerudelythanthedead,andmoresensiblyandessentially。Ifyouhavemadeyourprofitoflife,youhavehadenoughofit;goyourwaysatisfied。
  "`Curnonutplenusvita;convivarecedis?’
  ["Whynotdepartfromlifeasasatedguestfromafeast?
  "Lucretius,iii。951。]
  "Ifyouhavenotknownhowtomakethebestuseofit,ifitwasunprofitabletoyou,whatneedyoucaretoloseit,towhatendwouldyoudesirelongertokeepit?
  "’Curampliusadderequaeris,Rursumquodpereatmale,etingratumoccidatomne?’
  ["Whyseektoaddlongerlife,merelytorenewill—spenttime,andbeagaintormented?"——Lucretius,iii。914。]
  "Lifeinitselfisneithergoodnorevil;itisthesceneofgoodorevilasyoumakeit。’And,ifyouhavelivedaday,youhaveseenall:onedayisequalandliketoallotherdays。Thereisnootherlight,noothershade;thisverysun,thismoon,theseverystars,thisveryorderanddispositionofthings,isthesameyourancestorsenjoyed,andthatshallalsoentertainyourposterity:
  "`Nonaliumviderepatres,aliumvenepotesAspicient。’
  ["Yourgrandsiressawnootherthing;norwillyourposterity。"
  ——Manilius,i。529。]
  "And,cometheworstthatcancome,thedistributionandvarietyofalltheactsofmycomedyareperformedinayear。Ifyouhaveobservedtherevolutionofmyfourseasons,theycomprehendtheinfancy,theyouth,thevirility,andtheoldageoftheworld:theyearhasplayedhispart,andknowsnootherartbuttobeginagain;itwillalwaysbethesamething:
  "’Versamuribidem,atqueinsumususque。’
  ["Weareturninginthesamecircle,everthereinconfined。"
  ——Lucretius,iii。1093。
  "’Atqueinsesuapervestigiavolviturannus。’
  ["Theyeariseverturningaroundinthesamefootsteps。"
  ——Virgil,Georg。,ii。402。
  "Iamnotpreparedtocreateforyouanynewrecreations:
  "’Namtibiprxtereaquodmachiner,inveniamqueQuodplaceat,nihilest;eademsuntomniasemper。’
  ["Icandevise,norfindanythingelsetopleaseyou:’tisthesamethingoverandoveragain。"——Lucretiusiii。957]
  "Giveplacetoothers,asothershavegivenplacetoyou。Equalityisthesoulofequity。Whocancomplainofbeingcomprehendedinthesamedestiny,whereinallareinvolved?Besides,liveaslongasyoucan,youshallbythatnothingshortenthespaceyouaretobedead;’tisalltonopurpose;youshallbeeverywhitaslongintheconditionyousomuchfear,asifyouhaddiedatnurse:
  "’Licetquotvisvivendovinceresecla,Morsaeternatamennihilominusillamanebit。’
  ["Livetriumphingoverasmanyagesasyouwill,deathstillwillremaineternal。"——Lucretius,iii。1103]
  "AndyetIwillplaceyouinsuchaconditionasyoushallhavenoreasontobedispleased。
  "’Inveranescisnullumforemortealiumte,Quipossitvivustibitolugereperemptum,Stansquejacentem。’
  ["Knowyounotthat,whendead,therecanbenootherlivingselftolamentyoudead,standingonyourgrave。"——Idem。,ibid。,898。]
  "Norshallyousomuchaswishforthelifeyouaresoconcernedabout:
  "`Necsibienimquisquamtumsevitamquerequirit……
  "’Necdesideriumnostrinosafficitullum。’
  "Deathislesstobefearedthannothing,iftherecouldbeanythinglessthannothing。
  "’Multo……mortemminusadnosesseputandium,Siminusessepotest,quamquodnihilessevidemus。’
  "Neithercanitanywayconcernyou,whetheryouarelivingordead:
  living,byreasonthatyouarestillinbeing;dead,becauseyouarenomore。Moreover,noonediesbeforehishour:thetimeyouleavebehindwasnomoreyoursthanthatwaslapsedandgonebeforeyoucameintotheworld;nordoesitanymoreconcernyou。
  "’Respiceenim,quamniladnosanteactavetustasTemporisaeternifuerit。’
  ["Considerhowasnothingtousistheoldageoftimespast。"
  ——Lucretiusiii。985]
  Whereveryourlifeends,itisallthere。Theutilityoflivingconsistsnotinthelengthofdays,butintheuseoftime;amanmayhavelivedlong,andyetlivedbutalittle。Makeuseoftimewhileitispresentwithyou。Itdependsuponyourwill,andnotuponthenumberofdays,tohaveasufficientlengthoflife。Isitpossibleyoucanimaginenevertoarriveattheplacetowardswhichyouarecontinuallygoing?andyetthereisnojourneybuthathitsend。And,ifcompanywillmakeitmorepleasantormoreeasytoyou,doesnotalltheworldgotheself—sameway?
  "’Omniate,vitaperfuncta,sequentur。’
  ["Allthings,then,lifeover,mustfollowthee。"
  ——Lucretius,iii。981。]