首页 >出版文学> Shelley>第6章

第6章

  Themassyearth,thespheredskiesaregiven:
  Iambornedarkly,fearfullyafar;
  Whilst,burningthroughtheinmostveilofheaven,ThesoulofAdonaislikeastarBeaconsfromtheabodewheretheeternalare。
  TheSoulofAdonais?—Adonais,whoisbutAportionofthelovelinessWhichoncehemademorelovely。
  Afterall,tofinishwherewebegan,perhapsthepoemsonwhichtheloverofShelleyleansmostlovingly,whichhehasoftenestinhismind,whichbestrepresentShelleytohimandwhichheinstinctivelyrevertstowhenShelley'snameismentionedaresomeoftheshorterpoemsanddetachedlyrics。HereShelleyforgetsforawhileallthatevermakeshisverseturbid;forgetsthatheisanythingbutapoet,forgetssometimesthatheisanythingbutachild;liesbackinhisskiff,andlooksattheclouds。Heplaystruantfromearth,slipsthroughthewicketoffancyintoheaven'smeadow,andgoesgatheringstars。Herewehavethatabsolutevirgin—goldofsongwhichisthescarcestamonghumanproducts,andforwhichwecangotobutthreepoets—Coleridge,Shelley,Chopin,{8}andperhapsweshouldaddKeats。ChristabelandKubla—Khan;TheSkylark,TheCloud,andTheSensitivePlant(initsfirsttwoparts)。TheEveofSaintAgnesandTheNightingale;certainoftheNocturnes;—thesethingsmakeveryquintessentialisedloveliness。Itisattarofpoetry。
  Remark,asathingworthremarking,that,althoughShelley'sdictionisatothertimessingularlyrich,itceasesinthesepoemstoberich,ortoobtrudeitselfatall;itisimperceptible;hisMusehasbecomeaveritableEcho,whosebodyhasdissolvedfromabouthervoice。Indeed,whenhisdictionisrichest,neverthelessthepoetrysodominatestheexpressionthatwefeelthelatteronlyasanatmosphereuntilwearesatiatedwiththeformer;thenwediscoverwithsurprisetohowimperialavesturewehadbeenblindedbygazingonthefaceofhissong。Alesson,this,deservingtobeconnedbyagenerationsooppositeintendencyasourown:alessonthatinpoetry,asintheKingdomofGod,weshouldnottakethoughttoogreatlywherewithweshallbeclothed,butseekfirst{9}thespirit,andallthesethingswillbeaddeduntous。
  OnthemarvellousmusicofShelley'sverseweneednotdwell,excepttonotethatheavoidsthatmetronomicbeatofrhythmwhichEdgarPoeintroducedintomodernlyricmeasures,asPopeintroduceditintotherhymingheroicsofhisday。Ourvariedmetresarebecomingaspainfullyover—polishedasPope'sonemetre。Shelleycouldatneedsacrificesmoothnesstofitness。HecouldwriteananapaestthatwouldsendMr。Swinburneintostrongshudders(e。g。,"streamdidglide")whenheinstinctivelyfeltthatbysoforgoingthemoreobviousmusicofmelodyhewouldbettersecurethehighermusicofharmony。Ifwehavetoaddthatinotherwayshewasfarfromescapingthedefectsofhismerits,andwouldsometimeshavetoacknowledgethathisNiloticfloodtoooftenoverfloweditsbanks,whatisthisbutsayingthathediedyoung?
  ItmaybethoughtthatinourcasualcommentsonShelley'slifewehavebeenblindtoitsevilside。That,however,isnotthecase。
  Weseeclearlythathecommittedgravesins,andonecruelcrime;
  butwerememberalsothathewasanAtheistfromhisboyhood;wereflecthowgrossmusthavebeenthemoralneglectinthetrainingofachildwhoCOULDbeanAtheistfromhisboyhood:andwedeclinetojudgesounhappyabeingbytheruleswhichweshouldapplytoaCatholic。ItseemstousthatShelleywasstruggling—blindly,weakly,stumblingly,butstillstruggling—towardshigherthings。
  HisPantheismisanindicationofit。Pantheismisahalf—wayhouse,andmarksascentordescentaccordingtothedirectionfromwhichitisapproached。NowShelleycametoitfromabsoluteAtheism;thereforeinhiscaseitmeantrise。Again,hispoetryalonewouldleadustothesameconclusion,forwedonotbelievethatatrulycorruptedspiritcanwriteconsistentlyetherealpoetry。Weshouldbelieveinnothing,ifwebelievedthat,foritwouldbetheconsecrationofalie。Poetryisathermometer:bytakingitsaverageheightyoucanestimatethenormaltemperatureofitswriter'smind。Thedevilcandomanythings。Butthedevilcannotwritepoetry。Hemaymarapoet,buthecannotmakeapoet。
  AmongallthetemptationswherewithhetemptedSt。Anthony,thoughwehaveoftenseenitstatedthathehowled,wehaveneverseenitstatedthathesang。
  Shelley'sanarchicprincipleswereasaruleheldbyhimwithsomemisdirectedviewtotruth。Hedisbelievedinkings。Andisitnotamerefact—regretitifyouwill—thatinallEuropeancountries,excepttwo,monarchsareameresurvival,theobsoletebuttonsonthecoat—tailsofrule,whichservenopurposebuttobecontinuallycomingoff?ItisamiserablethingtonotehoweverylittleBalkanState,havingobtainedliberty(savethemark!)byActofCongress,straightwayproceedstosecuretheserviceofaprofessionalking。
  ThesegentlemenareplentifulinEurope。Theyarethe"nobleChairmen"wholendtheirnamesforaconsiderationtoanyenterprisingcompanywhichmaybespeculatinginLiberty。Whenweseethesethings,wereverttotheoldlinesinwhichPersiustellshowyoucannotturnDamaintoafreemanbytwirlinghimroundyourfingerandcallinghimMarcusDama。
  Again,Shelleydesiredareligionofhumanity,andthatmeant,tohim,areligionforhumanity,areligionwhich,unlikethespectralChristianityabouthim,shouldpermeateandregulatethewholeorganisationofmen。AndthefeelingisonewithwhichaCatholicmustsympathise,inanagewhen—ifwemaysaysowithoutirreverence—theAlmightyhasbeenmadeaconstitutionalDeity,withcertainstate—grantsofworship,butnoinfluenceoverpoliticalaffairs。Inthesemattershisaimsweregenerous,ifhismethodswereperniciouslymistaken。InhistheoryofFreeLovealone,borrowedliketherestfromtheRevolution,hisaimwasasmischievousashismethod。Atthesametimehewasatleastlogical。Histheorywasrepulsive,butcomprehensible。Whereasfromourpresentviamedia—facilitationofdivorce—canonlyresulttheerawhentheyoungladyinreducedcircumstanceswillnolongerturngovernessbutwillbeopentoengagementaswifeatareasonablestipend。
  WespokeofthepurityofShelley'spoetry。Weknowofbutthreepassagestowhichexceptioncanbetaken。OneishappilyhiddenunderaheapofShelleianrubbish。Anotherisoffensive,becauseitpresentshistheoryofFreeLoveinitsmostodiousform。Thethirdisverymuchamatter,wethink,fortheindividualconscience。
  ComparewiththisthegenuinelycorruptByron,throughthecracksandfissuresofwhoseheavingversificationsteamupperpetuallythesulphurousvapoursfromhiscentraliniquity。WecannotcreditthatanyChristianeverhadhisfaithshakenthroughreadingShelley,unlesshisfaithwereshakenbeforehereadShelley。Isanysafelyhavenedbarklikelytoslipitscable,andmakeforaflagplantedontheveryreefwheretheplanterhimselfwaswrecked?
  Whyindeed(oneistemptedtoaskinconcluding)shoulditbethatthepoetswhohavewrittenforusthepoetryrichestinskieygrain,mostfreefromadmixturewiththedullerthingsofearth—theShelleys,theColeridges,theKeats—aretheverypoetswhoselivesareamongthesaddestrecordsinliterature?Isitthat(bysomesubtilemysteryofanalogy)sorrow,passion,andfantasyareindissolublyconnected,likewater,fire,andcloud;thatasfromsunanddewarebornthevapours,sofromfireandtearsascendthe"visionsofaerialjoy";thattheharvestwavesrichestoverthebattlefieldsofthesoul;thattheheart,liketheearth,smellssweetestafterrain;thatthespellonwhichdependsuchnecromanticcastlesissomespiritofpaincharm—poisonedattheirbase?{10}