This,however,ispersonification,whereinbothCollinsandShelleybuildonSpenser:thedizzyingachievementtowhichthemodernpoetcarriedpersonificationaccountsforbutamoiety,ifalargemoiety,ofhisvivifyingpoweroverabstractions。Takethepassage(alreadyalludedto)inthatgloriouschorustellinghowtheHourscomeFromthetempleshighOfman'searandeyeRoofedoverSculptureandPoesy,
FromthoseskieytowersWhereThought'scrownedpowersSitwatchingyourdance,yehappyHours!
Ourfeetnow,everypalm,Aresandalledwithcalm,Andthedewofourwingsisarainofbalm;
AndbeyondoureyesThehumanloveliesWhichmakesallitgazesonParadise。
Anypartialexplanationwillbreakinourhandsbeforeitreachestherootofsuchapower。Theroot,wetakeit,isthis。Hehadaninstinctiveperception(immenseinrangeandfertility,astonishingforitsdelicateintuition)oftheunderlyinganalogiesthesecretsubterraneanpassages,betweenmatterandsoul;thechromaticscales,whereatwedimlyguess,bywhichtheAlmightymodulatesthroughallthekeysofcreation。Because,themoreweconsiderit,themorelikelydoesitappearthatNatureisbutanimperfectactress,whoseconstantchangesofdressneverchangehermannerandmethod,whoisthesameinallherparts。
ToShelley'setherealvisionthemostrarifiedmentalorspiritualmusictraceditsbeautifulcorrespondingformsonthesandofoutwardthings。Hestoodthusattheveryjunction—linesofthevisibleandinvisible,andcouldshiftthepointsashewilled。Histhoughtsbecameamountedinfantry,passingwithbafflingswiftnessfromhorsetofootorfoottohorse。Hecouldexpressashelistedthematerialandtheimmaterialintermsofeachother。Neverhasapoetinthepastrivalledhimasregardsthisgift,andhardlywillanypoetrivalhimasregardsitinthefuture:menarelikefirsttoseethepromiseddoomlayitshandonthetreeofheavenandshakedownthegoldenleaves。{7}
ThefinestspecimensofthisfacultyareprobablytobesoughtinthatShelleiantreasury,PrometheusUnbound。ItisunquestionablythegreatestandmostprodigalexhibitionofShelley'spowers,thisamazinglyricworld,whereimmortalclaritiessighpastintheperfumesoftheblossoms,populatethebreathingsofthebreeze,throngandtwinkleintheleavesthattwirluponthebough;wheretheverygrassisalla—rustlewithlovelyspirit—things,andaweepingmistofmusicfillstheair。ThefinalscenesespeciallyaresuchaBacchicreelandroutandrevelryofbeautyasleavesonestaggeredandgiddy;poetryisspiltlikewine,musicrunstodrunkenwaste。Thechorusessweepdownthewind,tirelessly,flightafterflight,tillthebreathlesssoulalmostcriesforrespitefromtheunrollingsplendours。Yetthesescenes,sowonderfulfromapurelypoeticalstandpointthatnoonecouldwishthemaway,are(toourhumblethinking)neverthelesstheartisticerrorofthepoem。
Abstractedly,thedevelopmentofShelley'sidearequiredthatheshouldshowtheearthlyparadisewhichwastofollowthefallofZeus。Butdramaticallywiththatfalltheactionceases,andthedramashouldhaveceasedwithit。Afinalchorus,orchoralseries,ofrejoicings(suchasdoesultimatelyendthedramawherePrometheusappearsonthescene)wouldhavebeenlegitimateenough。
Instead,however,thebewilderedreaderfindsthedramaunfoldingitselfthroughsceneafterscenewhichleavestheactionpreciselywhereitfoundit,becausethereisnolongeranactiontoadvance。
Itisasifthechoralfinaleofanoperawereprolongedthroughtwoacts。
Wehave,nevertheless,calledPrometheusShelley'sgreatestpoembecauseitisthemostcomprehensivestorehouseofhispower。WereweaskedtonamethemostPERFECTamonghislongerefforts,weshouldnamethepoeminwhichhelamentedKeats:undertheshedpetalsofhislovelyfancygivingtheslainbirdasilkenburial。
Seldomisthedeathofapoetmournedintruepoetry。Notoftenisthesingercoffinedinlaurel—wood。Amongtheveryfewexceptionstosucharule,thegreatestisAdonais。IntheEnglishlanguageonlyLycidascompeteswithit;andwhenwepreferAdonaistoLycidas,wearefollowingtheprecedentsetinthecaseofCicero:
Adonaisisthelonger。Asregardscommandoverabstraction,itisnolesscharacteristicallyShelleianthanPrometheus。Itisthroughoutaseriesofabstractionsvitalisedwithdaringexquisiteness,fromMorningwhosought:
Hereasternwatch—tower,andherhairunbound,Wetwiththetearswhichshouldadorntheground,andwhoDimmedtheaerialeyesthatkindleday,totheDreamsthatweretheflockofthedeadshepherd,theDreamsWhomnearthelivingstreamsOfhisyoungspirithefed;andwhomhetaughtThelovethatwasitsmusic;
ofwhomonesees,asshehangsmourningoverhim,Uponthesilkenfringeofhisfainteyes,Likedewuponasleepingflower,thereliesAtearsomedreamhasloosenedfromhisbrain!
LostangelofaruinedParadise!
Sheknewnot'twasherown;aswithnostainShefadedlikeacloudwhichhathoutweptitsrain。
Inthesolarspectrum,beyondtheextremeredandextremevioletrays,arewholeseriesofcolours,demonstrable,butimperceptibletogrosshumanvision。Suchwritingasthiswehavequotedrendersvisibletheinvisibilitiesofimaginativecolour。
OnethingpreventsAdonaisfrombeingideallyperfect:itslackofChristianhope。YetwerememberwellthewriterofapopularmemoironKeatsproposingas"thebestconsolationforthemindpainedbythissadrecord"Shelley'sinexpressiblysadexpositionofPantheisticimmortality:
HeisaportionofthelovelinessWhichoncehemademorelovely,etc。
Whatdesolationcanitbethatdiscernscomfortinthishope,whosewancountenanceisasthecountenanceofadespair?Whatdeepestdepthofagonyisitthatfindsconsolationinthisimmortality:animmortalitywhichthrustsyouintodeath,themawofNature,thatyourdissolvedelementsmaycirculatethroughherveins?
Yetsuch,thepoettellsme,ismysolebalmforthehurtsoflife。
Iamasthevocalbreathfloatingfromanorgan。Itooshallfadeonthewinds,acadencesoonforgotten。SoIdissolveanddie,andamlostintheearsofmen:theparticlesofmybeingtwineinnewermelodies,andfrommyonedeathariseahundredlives。Why,throughthethinpartitionofthisconsolationPantheismcanhearthegroansofitsneighbour,Pessimism。Betteralmosttheblackresignationwhichthefatalistdrawsfromhisownhopelessness,fromthefiercekissesofmiserythathissagainsthistears。
Withsomegleams,itistrue,ofmorethanmocksolace,Adonaisislighted;buttheyareobtainedbyimplicitlyassumingthepersonalimmortalitywhichthepoemexplicitlydenies;aswhen,forinstance,togreetthedeadyouth,Theinheritorsofunfulfilledrenown[thoughtRosefromtheirthrones,builtbeyondmortalFarintheunapparent。
Andagainthefinalstanzaofthepoem:
ThebreathwhosemightIhaveinvokedinsongDescendsonme;myspirit'sbarkisdrivenFarfromtheshore,farfromthetremblingthrongWhosesailswerenevertothetempestriven;
第5章