首页 >出版文学> Shelley>第5章

第5章

  This,however,ispersonification,whereinbothCollinsandShelleybuildonSpenser:thedizzyingachievementtowhichthemodernpoetcarriedpersonificationaccountsforbutamoiety,ifalargemoiety,ofhisvivifyingpoweroverabstractions。Takethepassage(alreadyalludedto)inthatgloriouschorustellinghowtheHourscomeFromthetempleshighOfman'searandeyeRoofedoverSculptureandPoesy,
  FromthoseskieytowersWhereThought'scrownedpowersSitwatchingyourdance,yehappyHours!
  Ourfeetnow,everypalm,Aresandalledwithcalm,Andthedewofourwingsisarainofbalm;
  AndbeyondoureyesThehumanloveliesWhichmakesallitgazesonParadise。
  Anypartialexplanationwillbreakinourhandsbeforeitreachestherootofsuchapower。Theroot,wetakeit,isthis。Hehadaninstinctiveperception(immenseinrangeandfertility,astonishingforitsdelicateintuition)oftheunderlyinganalogiesthesecretsubterraneanpassages,betweenmatterandsoul;thechromaticscales,whereatwedimlyguess,bywhichtheAlmightymodulatesthroughallthekeysofcreation。Because,themoreweconsiderit,themorelikelydoesitappearthatNatureisbutanimperfectactress,whoseconstantchangesofdressneverchangehermannerandmethod,whoisthesameinallherparts。
  ToShelley'setherealvisionthemostrarifiedmentalorspiritualmusictraceditsbeautifulcorrespondingformsonthesandofoutwardthings。Hestoodthusattheveryjunction—linesofthevisibleandinvisible,andcouldshiftthepointsashewilled。Histhoughtsbecameamountedinfantry,passingwithbafflingswiftnessfromhorsetofootorfoottohorse。Hecouldexpressashelistedthematerialandtheimmaterialintermsofeachother。Neverhasapoetinthepastrivalledhimasregardsthisgift,andhardlywillanypoetrivalhimasregardsitinthefuture:menarelikefirsttoseethepromiseddoomlayitshandonthetreeofheavenandshakedownthegoldenleaves。{7}
  ThefinestspecimensofthisfacultyareprobablytobesoughtinthatShelleiantreasury,PrometheusUnbound。ItisunquestionablythegreatestandmostprodigalexhibitionofShelley'spowers,thisamazinglyricworld,whereimmortalclaritiessighpastintheperfumesoftheblossoms,populatethebreathingsofthebreeze,throngandtwinkleintheleavesthattwirluponthebough;wheretheverygrassisalla—rustlewithlovelyspirit—things,andaweepingmistofmusicfillstheair。ThefinalscenesespeciallyaresuchaBacchicreelandroutandrevelryofbeautyasleavesonestaggeredandgiddy;poetryisspiltlikewine,musicrunstodrunkenwaste。Thechorusessweepdownthewind,tirelessly,flightafterflight,tillthebreathlesssoulalmostcriesforrespitefromtheunrollingsplendours。Yetthesescenes,sowonderfulfromapurelypoeticalstandpointthatnoonecouldwishthemaway,are(toourhumblethinking)neverthelesstheartisticerrorofthepoem。
  Abstractedly,thedevelopmentofShelley'sidearequiredthatheshouldshowtheearthlyparadisewhichwastofollowthefallofZeus。Butdramaticallywiththatfalltheactionceases,andthedramashouldhaveceasedwithit。Afinalchorus,orchoralseries,ofrejoicings(suchasdoesultimatelyendthedramawherePrometheusappearsonthescene)wouldhavebeenlegitimateenough。
  Instead,however,thebewilderedreaderfindsthedramaunfoldingitselfthroughsceneafterscenewhichleavestheactionpreciselywhereitfoundit,becausethereisnolongeranactiontoadvance。
  Itisasifthechoralfinaleofanoperawereprolongedthroughtwoacts。
  Wehave,nevertheless,calledPrometheusShelley'sgreatestpoembecauseitisthemostcomprehensivestorehouseofhispower。WereweaskedtonamethemostPERFECTamonghislongerefforts,weshouldnamethepoeminwhichhelamentedKeats:undertheshedpetalsofhislovelyfancygivingtheslainbirdasilkenburial。
  Seldomisthedeathofapoetmournedintruepoetry。Notoftenisthesingercoffinedinlaurel—wood。Amongtheveryfewexceptionstosucharule,thegreatestisAdonais。IntheEnglishlanguageonlyLycidascompeteswithit;andwhenwepreferAdonaistoLycidas,wearefollowingtheprecedentsetinthecaseofCicero:
  Adonaisisthelonger。Asregardscommandoverabstraction,itisnolesscharacteristicallyShelleianthanPrometheus。Itisthroughoutaseriesofabstractionsvitalisedwithdaringexquisiteness,fromMorningwhosought:
  Hereasternwatch—tower,andherhairunbound,Wetwiththetearswhichshouldadorntheground,andwhoDimmedtheaerialeyesthatkindleday,totheDreamsthatweretheflockofthedeadshepherd,theDreamsWhomnearthelivingstreamsOfhisyoungspirithefed;andwhomhetaughtThelovethatwasitsmusic;
  ofwhomonesees,asshehangsmourningoverhim,Uponthesilkenfringeofhisfainteyes,Likedewuponasleepingflower,thereliesAtearsomedreamhasloosenedfromhisbrain!
  LostangelofaruinedParadise!
  Sheknewnot'twasherown;aswithnostainShefadedlikeacloudwhichhathoutweptitsrain。
  Inthesolarspectrum,beyondtheextremeredandextremevioletrays,arewholeseriesofcolours,demonstrable,butimperceptibletogrosshumanvision。Suchwritingasthiswehavequotedrendersvisibletheinvisibilitiesofimaginativecolour。
  OnethingpreventsAdonaisfrombeingideallyperfect:itslackofChristianhope。YetwerememberwellthewriterofapopularmemoironKeatsproposingas"thebestconsolationforthemindpainedbythissadrecord"Shelley'sinexpressiblysadexpositionofPantheisticimmortality:
  HeisaportionofthelovelinessWhichoncehemademorelovely,etc。
  Whatdesolationcanitbethatdiscernscomfortinthishope,whosewancountenanceisasthecountenanceofadespair?Whatdeepestdepthofagonyisitthatfindsconsolationinthisimmortality:animmortalitywhichthrustsyouintodeath,themawofNature,thatyourdissolvedelementsmaycirculatethroughherveins?
  Yetsuch,thepoettellsme,ismysolebalmforthehurtsoflife。
  Iamasthevocalbreathfloatingfromanorgan。Itooshallfadeonthewinds,acadencesoonforgotten。SoIdissolveanddie,andamlostintheearsofmen:theparticlesofmybeingtwineinnewermelodies,andfrommyonedeathariseahundredlives。Why,throughthethinpartitionofthisconsolationPantheismcanhearthegroansofitsneighbour,Pessimism。Betteralmosttheblackresignationwhichthefatalistdrawsfromhisownhopelessness,fromthefiercekissesofmiserythathissagainsthistears。
  Withsomegleams,itistrue,ofmorethanmocksolace,Adonaisislighted;buttheyareobtainedbyimplicitlyassumingthepersonalimmortalitywhichthepoemexplicitlydenies;aswhen,forinstance,togreetthedeadyouth,Theinheritorsofunfulfilledrenown[thoughtRosefromtheirthrones,builtbeyondmortalFarintheunapparent。
  Andagainthefinalstanzaofthepoem:
  ThebreathwhosemightIhaveinvokedinsongDescendsonme;myspirit'sbarkisdrivenFarfromtheshore,farfromthetremblingthrongWhosesailswerenevertothetempestriven;