Theonewasshowntobeinitselfwhichwasawhole?
True。
Andalsoinotherthings?
Yes。
Insofarasitisinotherthingsitwouldtouchotherthings,butinsofarasitisinitselfitwouldbedebarredfromtouchingthem,andwouldtouchitselfonly。
Clearly。
Thentheinferenceisthatitwouldtouchboth?
Itwould。
Butwhatdoyousaytoanewpointofview?Mustnotthatwhichistotouchanotherbenexttothatwhichitistotouch,andoccupytheplacenearesttothatinwhichwhatittouchesissituated?
True。
Thentheone,ifitistotouchitself,oughttobesituatednexttoitself,andoccupytheplacenexttothatinwhichitselfis?
Itought。
Andthatwouldrequirethattheoneshouldbetwo,andbeintwoplacesatonce,andthis,whileitisone,willneverhappen。
No。
Thentheonecannottouchitselfanymorethanitcanbetwo?
Itcannot。
Neithercanittouchothers。
Whynot?
Thereasonis,thatwhateveristotouchanothermustbeinseparationfrom,andnextto,thatwhichitistotouch,andnothirdthingcanbebetweenthem。
True。
Twothings,then,attheleastatenecessarytomakecontactpossible?
Theyare。
Andiftothetwoathirdbeaddedindueorder,thenumberoftermswillbethree,andthecontactstwo?
Yes。
Andeveryadditionaltermmakesoneadditionalcontact,whenceitfollowsthatthecontactsareonelessinnumberthantheterms;thefirsttwotermsexceededthenumberofcontactsbyone,andthewholenumberoftermsexceedsthewholenumberofcontactsbyoneinlikemanner;andforeveryonewhichisafterwardsaddedtothenumberofterms,onecontactisaddedtothecontacts。
True。
Whateveristhewholenumberofthings,thecontactswillbealwaysoneless。
True。
Butiftherebeonlyone,andnottwo,therewillbenocontact?
Howcantherebe?
Anddowenotsaythattheothersbeingotherthantheonearenotoneandhavenopartintheone?
True。
Thentheyhavenonumber,iftheyhavenooneinthem?
Ofcoursenot。
Thentheothersareneitheronenortwo,noraretheycalledbythenameofanynumber?
No。
One,then,aloneisone,andtwodonotexist?
Clearlynot。
Andiftherearenottwo,thereisnocontact?
Thereisnot。
Thenneitherdoestheonetouchtheothers,northeotherstheone,ifthereisnocontact?
Certainlynot。
Forallwhichreasonstheonetouchesanddoesnottouchitselfandtheothers?
True。
Further—istheoneequalandunequaltoitselfandothers?
Howdoyoumean?
Iftheoneweregreaterorlessthantheothers,ortheothersgreaterorlessthantheone,theywouldnotbegreaterorlessthaneachotherinvirtueoftheirbeingtheoneandtheothers;but,ifinadditiontotheirbeingwhattheyaretheyhadequality,theywouldbeequaltooneanother,oriftheonehadsmallnessandtheothersgreatness,ortheonehadgreatnessandtheotherssmallness—whicheverkindhadgreatnesswouldbegreater,andwhicheverhadsmallnesswouldbesmaller?
Certainly。
Thentherearetwosuchideasasgreatnessandsmallness;foriftheywerenottheycouldnotbeopposedtoeachotherandbepresentinthatwhichis。
Howcouldthey?
If,then,smallnessispresentintheoneitwillbepresenteitherinthewholeorinapartofthewhole?
Certainly。
Supposethefirst;itwillbeeitherco—equalandco—extensivewiththewholeone,orwillcontaintheone?
Clearly。
Ifitbeco—extensivewiththeoneitwillbecoequalwiththeone,orifcontainingtheoneitwillbegreaterthantheone?
Ofcourse。
Butcansmallnessbeequaltoanythingorgreaterthananything,andhavethefunctionsofgreatnessandequalityandnotitsownfunctions?
Impossible。
Thensmallnesscannotbeinthewholeofone,but,ifatall,inapartonly?
Yes。
Andsurelynotinallofapart,forthenthedifficultyofthewholewillrecur;itwillbeequaltoorgreaterthananypartinwhichitis。
Certainly。
Thensmallnesswillnotbeinanything,whetherinawholeorinapart;norwilltherebeanythingsmallbutactualsmallness。
True。
Neitherwillgreatnessbeintheone,forifgreatnessbeinanythingtherewillbesomethinggreaterotherandbesidesgreatnessitself,namely,thatinwhichgreatnessis;andthistoowhenthesmallitselfisnotthere,whichtheone,ifitisgreat,mustexceed;
this,however,isimpossible,seeingthatsmallnessiswhollyabsent。
True。
Butabsolutegreatnessisonlygreaterthanabsolutesmallness,andsmallnessisonlysmallerthanabsolutegreatness。
Verytrue。
Thenotherthingsnotgreaterorlessthantheone,iftheyhaveneithergreatnessnorsmallness;norhavegreatnessorsmallnessanypowerofexceedingorbeingexceededinrelationtotheone,butonlyinrelationtooneanother;norwilltheonebegreaterorlessthanthemorothers,ifithasneithergreatnessnorsmallness。
Clearlynot。
Theniftheoneisneithergreaternorlessthantheothers,itcannoteitherexceedorbeexceededbythem?
Certainlynot。
Andthatwhichneitherexceedsnorisexceeded,mustbeonanequality;andbeingonanequality,mustbeequal。
Ofcourse。
Andthiswillbetruealsooftherelationoftheonetoitself;
havingneithergreatnessnorsmallnessinitself,itwillneitherexceednorbeexceededbyitself,butwillbeonanequalitywithandequaltoitself。
Certainly。
Thentheonewillbeequaltobothitselfandtheothers?
Clearlyso。
Andyettheone,beingitselfinitself,willalsosurroundandbewithoutitself;and,ascontainingitself,willbegreaterthanitself;and,ascontainedinitself,willbeless;andwillthusbegreaterandlessthanitself。
Itwill。
Nowtherecannotpossiblybeanythingwhichisnotincludedintheoneandtheothers?
Ofcoursenot。
But,surely,thatwhichismustalwaysbesomewhere?
Yes。
Butthatwhichisinanythingwillbeless,andthatinwhichitiswillbegreater;innootherwaycanonethingbeinanother。
True。
Andsincethereisnothingotherorbesidestheoneandtheothers,andtheymustbeinsomething,musttheynotbeinoneanother,theoneintheothersandtheothersintheone,iftheyaretobeanywhere?
Thatisclear。
Butinasmuchastheoneisintheothers,theotherswillbegreaterthantheone,becausetheycontaintheone,whichwillbelessthantheothers,becauseitiscontainedinthem;andinasmuchastheothersareintheone,theoneonthesameprinciplewillbegreaterthantheothers,andtheotherslessthantheone。
True。
Theone,then,willbeequaltoandgreaterandlessthanitselfandtheothers?
Clearly。
Andifitbegreaterandlessandequal,itwillbeofequalandmoreandlessmeasuresordivisionsthanitselfandtheothers,andifofmeasures,alsoofparts?
Ofcourse。
Andifofequalandmoreandlessmeasuresordivisions,itwillbeinnumbermoreorlessthanitselfandtheothers,andlikewiseequalinnumbertoitselfandtotheothers?
Howisthat?
Itwillbeofmoremeasuresthanthosethingswhichitexceeds,andofasmanypartsasmeasures;andsowiththattowhichitisequal,andthatthanwhichitisless。
True。
Andbeinggreaterandlessthanitself,andequaltoitself,itwillbeofequalmeasureswithitselfandofmoreandfewermeasuresthanitself;andifofmeasuresthenalsoofparts?
Itwill。
Andbeingofequalpartswithitself,itwillbenumericallyequaltoitself;andbeingofmoreparts,more,andbeingofless,lessthanitself?
Certainly。
Andthesamewillholdofitsrelationtootherthings;inasmuchasitisgreaterthanthem,itwillbemoreinnumberthanthem;andinasmuchasitissmaller,itwillbelessinnumber;andinasmuchasitisequalinsizetootherthings,itwillbeequaltotheminnumber。
Certainly。
Oncemorethen,aswouldappear,theonewillbeinnumberbothequaltoandmoreandlessthanbothitselfandallotherthings。
Itwill。
Doestheonealsopartakeoftime?Andisitanddoesitbecomeolderandyoungerthanitselfandothers,andagain,neitheryoungernorolderthanitselfandothers,byvirtueofparticipationintime?
Howdoyoumean?
Ifoneis,beingmustbepredicatedofit?
Yes。
Buttobe(einai)isonlyparticipationofbeinginpresenttime,andtohavebeenistheparticipationofbeingatapasttime,andtobeabouttobeistheparticipationofbeingatafuturetime?
Verytrue。
Thentheone,sinceitpartakesofbeing,partakesoftime?
Certainly。
Andisnottimealwaysmovingforward?
Yes。
Thentheoneisalwaysbecomingolderthanitself,sinceitmovesforwardintime?
Certainly。
第9章