首页 >出版文学> PARMENIDES>第6章

第6章

  Ithas。
  Thenitwillneitherpartakeofonemeasure,norofmany,noroffew,norofthesameatall,norbeequaltoitselforanother;norbegreaterorlessthanitself,orother?
  Certainly。
  Well,anddowesupposethatonecanbeolder,oryoungerthananything,orofthesameagewithit?
  Whynot?
  Why,becausethatwhichisofthesameagewithitselforother,mustpartakeofequalityorlikenessoftime;andwesaidthattheonedidnotpartakeeitherofequalityoroflikeness?
  Wedidsayso。
  Andwealsosaid,thatitdidnotpartakeofinequalityorunlikeness。
  Verytrue。
  Howthencanone,beingofthisnature,beeitherolderoryoungerthananything,orhavethesameagewithit?
  Innoway。
  Thenonecannotbeolderoryounger,orofthesameage,eitherwithitselforwithanother?
  Clearlynot。
  Thentheone,beingofthisnature,cannotbeintimeatall;formustnotthatwhichisintime,bealwaysgrowingolderthanitself?
  Certainly。
  Andthatwhichisolder,mustalwaysbeolderthansomethingwhichisyounger?
  True。
  Then,thatwhichbecomesolderthanitself,alsobecomesatthesametimeyoungerthanitself,ifitistohavesomethingtobecomeolderthan。
  Whatdoyoumean?
  Imeanthis:—Athingdoesnotneedtobecomedifferentfromanotherthingwhichisalreadydifferent;itisdifferent,andifitsdifferenthasbecome,ithasbecomedifferent;ifitsdifferentwillbe,itwillbedifferent;butofthatwhichisbecomingdifferent,therecannothavebeen,orbeabouttobe,oryetbe,adifferent—theonlydifferentpossibleisonewhichisbecoming。
  Thatisinevitable。
  But,surely,theelderisadifferencerelativetotheyounger,andtonothingelse。
  True。
  Thenthatwhichbecomesolderthanitselfmustalso,atthesametime,becomeyoungerthanitself?
  Yes。
  Butagain,itistruethatitcannotbecomeforalongerorforashortertimethanitself,butitmustbecome,andbe,andhavebecome,andbeabouttobe,forthesametimewithitself?
  Thatagainisinevitable。
  Thenthingswhichareintime,andpartakeoftime,mustineverycase,Isuppose,beofthesameagewiththemselves;andmustalsobecomeatonceolderandyoungerthanthemselves?
  Yes。
  Buttheonedidnotpartakeofthoseaffections?
  Notatall。
  Thenitdoesnotpartakeoftime,andisnotinanytime?
  Sotheargumentshows。
  Well,butdonottheexpressions"was,"and"hasbecome,"and"wasbecoming,"signifyaparticipationofpasttime?
  Certainly。
  Anddonot"willbe,""willbecome,""willhavebecome,"signifyaparticipationoffuturetime?
  Yes。
  And"is,"or"becomes,"signifiesaparticipationofpresenttime?
  Certainly。
  Andiftheoneisabsolutelywithoutparticipationintime,itneverhadbecome,orwasbecoming,orwasatanytime,orisnowbecomeorisbecoming,oris,orwillbecome,orwillhavebecome,orwillbe,hereafter。
  Mosttrue。
  Butarethereanymodesofpartakingofbeingotherthanthese?
  Therearenone。
  Thentheonecannotpossiblypartakeofbeing?
  Thatistheinference。
  Thentheoneisnotatall?
  Clearlynot。
  Thentheonedoesnotexistinsuchwayastobeone;forifitwereandpartookofbeing,itwouldalreadybe;butiftheargumentistobetrusted,theoneneitherisnorisone?
  True。
  Butthatwhichisnotadmitsofnoattributeorrelation?
  Ofcoursenot。
  Thenthereisnoname,norexpression,norperception,noropinion,norknowledgeofit?
  Clearlynot。
  Thenitisneithernamed,norexpressed,noropined,norknown,nordoesanythingthatisperceiveit。
  Sowemustinfer。
  Butcanallthisbetrueabouttheone?
  Ithinknot。
  Suppose,now,thatwereturnoncemoretotheoriginalhypothesis;
  letusseewhether,onafurtherreview,anynewaspectofthequestionappears。
  Ishallbeveryhappytodoso。
  Wesaythatwehavetoworkouttogetheralltheconsequences,whatevertheymaybe,whichfollow,iftheoneis?
  Yes。
  Thenwewillbeginatthebeginning:—Ifoneis,canonebe,andnotpartakeofbeing?
  Impossible。
  Thentheonewillhavebeing,butitsbeingwillnotbethesamewiththeone;forifthesame,itwouldnotbethebeingoftheone;
  norwouldtheonehaveparticipatedinbeing,forthepropositionthatoneiswouldhavebeenidenticalwiththepropositionthatoneisone;
  butourhypothesisisnotifoneisone,whatwillfollow,butifoneis:—amInotright?
  Quiteright。
  Wemeantosay,thatbeinghasnotthesamesignificanceasone?
  Ofcourse。
  Andwhenweputthemtogethershortly,andsay"Oneis,"thatisequivalenttosaying,"partakesofbeing"?
  Quitetrue。
  Oncemorethenletusask,ifoneiswhatwillfollow。Doesnotthishypothesisnecessarilyimplythatoneisofsuchanatureastohaveparts?
  Howso?
  Inthisway:—Ifbeingispredicatedoftheone,iftheoneis,andoneofbeing,ifbeingisone;andifbeingandonearenotthesame;andsincetheone,whichwehaveassumed,is,mustnotthewhole,ifitisone,itselfbe,andhaveforitsparts,oneandbeing?
  Certainly。
  Andiseachoftheseparts—oneandbeingtobesimplycalledapart,ormusttheword"part"berelativetotheword"whole"?
  Thelatter。
  Thenthatwhichisoneisbothawholeandhasapart?
  Certainly。
  Again,ofthepartsoftheone,ifitis—Imeanbeingandone—doeseitherfailtoimplytheother?istheonewantingtobeing,orbeingtotheone?
  Impossible。
  Thus,eachofthepartsalsohasinturnbothoneandbeing,andisattheleastmadeupoftwoparts;andthesameprinciplegoesonforever,andeverypartwhateverhasalwaysthesetwoparts;forbeingalwaysinvolvesone,andonebeing;sothatoneisalwaysdisappearing,andbecomingtwo。
  Certainly。
  Andsotheone,ifitis,mustbeinfiniteinmultiplicity?
  Clearly。
  Letustakeanotherdirection。
  Whatdirection?
  Wesaythattheonepartakesofbeingandthereforeitis?
  Yes。