Impossible。
Butthen,thatwhichcontainsmustbeotherthanthatwhichiscontained?forthesamewholecannotdoandsufferbothatonce;andifso,onewillbenolongerone,buttwo?
True。
Thenonecannotbeanywhere,eitherinitselforinanother?
No。
Furtherconsider,whetherthatwhichisofsuchanaturecanhaveeitherrestormotion。
Whynot?
Why,becausetheone,ifitweremoved,wouldbeeithermovedinplaceorchangedinnature;forthesearetheonlykindsofmotion。
Yes。
Andtheone,whenitchangesandceasestobeitself,cannotbeanylongerone。
Itcannot。
Itcannotthereforeexperiencethesortofmotionwhichischangeofnature?
Clearlynot。
Thencanthemotionoftheonebeinplace?
Perhaps。
Butiftheonemovedinplace,mustitnoteithermoveroundandroundinthesameplace,orfromoneplacetoanother?
Itmust。
Andthatwhichmovesinacirclemustrestuponacentre;andthatwhichgoesrounduponacentremusthavepartswhicharedifferentfromthecentre;butthatwhichhasnocentreandnopartscannotpossiblybecarriedrounduponacentre?
Impossible。
Butperhapsthemotionoftheoneconsistsinchangeofplace?
Perhapsso,ifitmovesatall。
Andhavewenotalreadyshownthatitcannotbeinanything?
Yes。
Thenitscomingintobeinginanythingisstillmoreimpossible;
isitnot?
Idonotseewhy。
Why,becauseanythingwhichcomesintobeinginanything,canneitherasyetbeinthatotherthingwhilestillcomingintobeing,norbealtogetheroutofit,ifalreadycomingintobeinginit。
Certainlynot。
Andthereforewhatevercomesintobeinginanothermusthaveparts,andthenonepartmaybein,andanotherpartoutofthatother;butthatwhichhasnopartscanneverbeatoneandthesametimeneitherwhollywithinnorwhollywithoutanything。
True。
Andistherenotastillgreaterimpossibilityinthatwhichhasnoparts,andisnotawhole,comingintobeinganywhere,sinceitcannotcomeintobeingeitherasapartorasawhole?
Clearly。
Thenitdoesnotchangeplacebyrevolvinginthesamespot,notbygoingsomewhereandcomingintobeinginsomething;noragain,bychangeinitself?
Verytrue。
Theninrespectofanykindofmotiontheoneisimmoveable?
Immoveable。
Butneithercantheonebeinanything,asweaffirm。
Yes,wesaidso。
Thenitisneverinthesame?
Whynot?
Becauseifitwereinthesameitwouldbeinsomething。
Certainly。
Andwesaidthatitcouldnotbeinitself,andcouldnotbeinother?
True。
Thenoneisneverinthesameplace?
Itwouldseemnot。
Butthatwhichisneverinthesameplaceisneverquietoratrest?
Never。
Onethen,aswouldseem,isneitherrestnorinmotion?
Itcertainlyappearsso。
Neitherwillitbethesamewithitselforother;noragain,otherthanitselforother。
Howisthat?
Ifotherthanitselfitwouldbeotherthanone,andwouldnotbeone。
True。
Andifthesamewithother,itwouldbethatother,andnotitself;sothatuponthissuppositiontoo,itwouldnothavethenatureofone,butwouldbeotherthanone?
Itwould。
Thenitwillnotbethesamewithother,orotherthanitself?
Itwillnot。
Neitherwillitbeotherthanother,whileitremainsone;fornotone,butonlyother,canbeotherthanother,andnothingelse。
True。
Thennotbyvirtueofbeingonewillitbeother?
Certainlynot。
Butifnotbyvirtueofbeingone,notbyvirtueofitself;andifnotbyvirtueofitself,notitself,anditselfnotbeingotheratall,willnotbeotherthananything?
Right。
Neitherwillonebethesamewithitself。
Hownot?
Surelythenatureoftheoneisnotthenatureofthesame。
Whynot?
Itisnotwhenanythingbecomesthesamewithanythingthatitbecomesone。
Whatofthat?
Anythingwhichbecomesthesamewiththemany,necessarilybecomesmanyandnotone。
True。
But,iftherewerenodifferencebetweentheoneandthesame,whenathingbecamethesame,itwouldalwaysbecomeone;andwhenitbecameone,thesame?
Certainly。
And,therefore,ifonebethesamewithitself,itisnotonewithitself,andwillthereforebeoneandalsonotone。
Surelythatisimpossible。
Andthereforetheonecanneitherbeotherthanother,northesamewithitself。
Impossible。
Andthustheonecanneitherbethesame,norother,eitherinrelationtoitselforother?
No。
Neitherwilltheonebelikeanythingorunlikeitselforother。
Whynot?
Becauselikenessissamenessofaffections。
Yes。
Andsamenesshasbeenshowntobeofanaturedistinctfromoneness?
Thathasbeenshown。
Butiftheonehadanyotheraffectionthanthatofbeingone,itwouldbeaffectedinsuchawayastobemorethanone;whichisimpossible。
True。
Thentheonecanneverbesoaffectedastobethesameeitherwithanotherorwithitself?
Clearlynot。
Thenitcannotbelikeanother,orlikeitself?
No。
Norcanitbeaffectedsoastobeother,forthenitwouldbeaffectedinsuchawayastobemorethanone。
Itwould。
Thatwhichisaffectedotherwisethanitselforanother,willbeunlikeitselforanother,forsamenessofaffectionsislikeness。
True。
Buttheone,asappears,neverbeingaffectedotherwise,isneverunlikeitselforother?
Never。
Thentheonewillneverbeeitherlikeorunlikeitselforother?
Plainlynot。
Again,beingofthisnature,itcanneitherbeequalnorunequaleithertoitselfortoother。
Howisthat?
Why,becausetheoneifequalmustbeofthesamemeasuresasthattowhichitisequal。
True。
Andifgreaterorlessthanthingswhicharecommensurablewithit,theonewillhavemoremeasuresthanthatwhichisless,andfewerthanthatwhichisgreater?
Yes。
Andsoofthingswhicharenotcommensuratewithit,theonewillhavegreatermeasuresthanthatwhichislessandsmallerthanthatwhichisgreater。
Certainly。
Buthowcanthatwhichdoesnotpartakeofsameness,haveeitherthesamemeasuresorhaveanythingelsethesame?
Impossible。
Andnothavingthesamemeasures,theonecannotbeequaleitherwithitselforwithanother?
Itappearsso。
Butagain,whetherithavefewerormoremeasures,itwillhaveasmanypartsasithasmeasures;andthusagaintheonewillbenolongeronebutwillhaveasmanypartsasmeasures。
Right。
Andifitwereofonemeasure,itwouldbeequaltothatmeasure;
yetithasbeenshowntobeincapableofequality。
第5章