then，whensufficientlydry，theleaveswerestrippedfromthetwigs，andplacedonasortofopenspaceofhardclay，somethinglikeaSpanishthreshing
　　floor。Onthistheywerepoundedfine，andthepowderrammedintoraw
　　hidebags。Thisconcludedtheoperations，andthe`yerba'wasthenreadyforthe`higglingofthemarket'。
　　Hehimselfwalkedalltheway，and`oftenbarefoot'，suffering`whatneitherIcandescribenoryetmyreadercredit。'
　　Themissionarycallinghasundergoneconsiderablechangesince1750。
　　Hardshipswhichthegreaterfaithorstrongerconstitutionsofthemissionariesofthelastcenturyrenderedendurablearenowlargelyfallenoutoffashion，andyourmissionaryseldomwalksbarefoot，eveninawood，becausetodosowouldgiveoffence，andbringdiscreditonthesocietyforwhichheworks。
　　Thoughunsuccessfulinhissearchthatyear，Dobrizhoffer，notdauntedbyhisbarefootmarching，setoutagainupontheGospeltrailnextspring。Afteranotherjourneyofsometwentydays，duringthewholecourseofwhichitrainedincessantly，hecameonacommunityofseeminglyquitehappysylvans，whomheproceededtoconvert。Inthefirsthuthemetwiththerewereeightdoors，andinitdweltsomesixtyIndians
　　apalm
　　built，grass
　　thatchedphalanstery，withhammocksslungfromtherudebeams，inwhich`theseheathen'usedtosleep。
　　Eachseparatefamilyhaditsownfire，onthehearthofwhichstoodmugsandgourdsandpotsofrudely
　　fashionedearthenware。
　　Nakedandnotashamed`thesesavages'，andthemenworeupontheirheadshighcrownsofparrotfeathers。Forarmstheycarriedbowsandarrows，andthefirstmanDobrizhoffersawwasholdingadeadpheasantinonehand，andintheotherashortbow。Inthewoodsaroundthephalansterywasan`amazing'quantityofmaize，offruitsofdiverssorts，andoftobacco。
　　Fromthehiveswhichthewildbeesmakeinhollowtrees，theycollectedhoneyinlargequantities，whichservedthematleastsoDobrizhoffersays
　　formeatanddrinkalike。
　　TheirnameforthegodtheyworshippedwasTupa，but`ofthatGodandhiscommandmentstheycaretoknowbutlittle。'Thissoundsambiguous，andwouldappearatfirstsightasiftheconfidencebetwixtthecreatorsandtheirGodhadbeenbutslight。PerhapstheambiguitymaybesetdowntothetranslatorwhoturnedtheLatininwhichthememoirsfirstwereformedintothevulgartongue。
　　`Traduttoretraditore'，astheproverbsays。
　　Athingremarkableenoughwhenoneconsidershowpronemankindistoactdifferentlywasthat，althoughtheItatinesknewanevilspiritunderthenameofAna，yettheypaidlittleadorationtohim，apparentlycontenttoknowaslittleofhimandhislawsastheydidoftheirGod。
　　Thosehapless，harmlessfolk，asinnocentofGodanddevil，rightandwrong，andalltheotherthingswhichbyallrightstheyshouldhaveknown，astheyaresaidtobeimplantedinthemindofman，nomatterwhathisstate，seemtohavelivedquitehappilyintheirinvoluntarysin。ButDobrizhoffer，inhissimplefaithandzealforwhathethoughtwasright，weptbittertearswhenhethoughtupontheirunregeneratestate。
　　Charlevoixsays，inhis`HistoiredelaNouvelleFrance'，speakingoftheIndiansingeneral:`L'expe/rienceafaitvoirqu'ile/toitplusa\proposdeleslaisserdansleursimplicite/
　　etdansleurignorance，quelessauvagespeuvente^tredesbonsChre/tienssansrienprendredenotrepolitesseetdenotrefac，ondevivre，oudumoinsqu'ilfalloitlaisserfaireautemspourlestirerdeleurgrossie\rete/，quinelesempe^chepasdevivredansunegrandeinnocence，d'avoirbeaucoupdemodestie，etdeservirDieuavecunepie/te/etuneferveur，quelesrendenttre\spropresauxplussublimesope/rationsdelagra^ce。'
　　HadmorepeoplethoughtwithCharlevoix，andnotbeentooanxioustodrawsavagesincontrovertiblytoour`politesse'sicand`fac，on'，andleftmoretotime`autems'，howmuchmiserymighthavebeensaved，andhowmanyinterestingpeoplespreserved!For，inspiteofthedominationoftheAnglo
　　Saxonrace，itmighthavebeenwisetoleaveothertypes，ifonlytoremindusofoursuperiority。
　　AsycophanticGuaranifromthereductionsthentookuphisparable，andsaid:`Godsaveye，brothers；wearecometovisityouasfriends。
　　Thisfather
　　priestisGod'sownminister，andcomestovisityou，andprayforyourestate。'AnagedIndianinterruptedhim，sayinghedidnotwantafather
　　priest，andthatSt。Thomasinthepasthadprayedsufficiently，asfruitsofeverysortaboundedintheland。
　　TheIndian，inhisunsophisticatedway，seemstohavethoughtthepresenceofapriestactedbutasmanureonthegroundwhereheabode；
　　buttheJesuit，almostassimple
　　mindedashimself，tookitinkindliness，andjourneyedwiththeIndiantoalargevillageaboutthreedaysaway。
　　Arrivedthere，alltheinhabitantsoftheplacesatinacircleroundthemissionary。Theyappearedhesaysinsomuchmodestyandsilence`thatIseemedtobeholdstatues，andnotliveIndians。'
　　Toawakentheirattentionheplayedupontheviold'amore，and，havingthuscapturedtheirears，begantopreachtothem。
　　Thegoodpriestprobablybelievedallthathesaid，for，afterdwellingontheperilsoftheroad，hesaid:`Myfriends，myerrandistomakeyouhappy。'Itdidnotseemtohimthattheirfreelifeinwoods，inwhichaboundedmaize，fruits，andtobacco，withgameofeverykind，couldpossiblyhaveinducedcontent。Content，asChristiansknow，comesbutwithfaith，andatrueknowledgeofthedogmaisaboveliberty。Kindly，butmuddle
　　headedly，hedeploredtheirlot，theirwantofclothes，theirwantofinterestintheirGod，theirlackofknowledgeofthatGod'scommands。Then，comingtothepoint，hespokeofhell，andtoldtheastonishedIndiansthatitwasquiteimpossibleforthemtoavoiditsflames，unless，taughtbyapriest，theycametoknowGod'slaw。Hethenbrieflyashesays
　　explainedthemysteriesofourfaith。Theylistenedrapt，exceptthat`theboyslaughedalittle'whenhespokeofhell。
　　Nothingmorepainfulthantoseeachildlaughingunconsciousofitsperilinthetrafficofacrowdedstreet，andwemaywellbelievethatthekind
　　heartedDobrizhoffershudderedatthelaughterofthesechildrenwhenhereflectedthathadhetakenthewrongpath，crossingthemarshesorinthewoods，thelaughershadbeendamned。
　　Muchmorehesaidtothemafterexhaustinghell，and，to`addweight'
　　tohisoration，presentedeachofthemwithscissors，knives，glassbeads，axes，smalllooking
　　glasses，andfishing
　　hooks，forheknewwellthatsermonswhichendin`giveme'havebutasmalleffect。
　　HellnotinfrequentlyseemstohavestrucktheIndiansasajoke，forCharlevoixrelatesthatwhenthefirstmissionariesexpatiatedonitsflamestotheChirignanos，theysaid，`Ifthereisfireinhell，wecouldsoongetenoughwatertoputitout。'Thisanswerscandalizedthegoodpriest，whocouldnotforeseethattheflamesofTophetwouldbeextinguishedwithoutthenecessityofanyotherwatersthanthoseofindifference。
　　Hesayshimselfquitefrankly，`IseemedtohavebornedownallbeforemebecauseIhadmingledmyorationwithacopiouslargess。'
　　Glassbeadsandlooking
　　glasseshavefromthetimewhenthefirstChristianmissionarypreachedtotheIndiansbeenpotentfactorsinconversion，andstillto
　　daydoyeomanserviceinthegreatworkofbringingsoulstoGod。
　　`AccountoftheAbipones'，p。74。
　　Seatedaroundthefire`smokingtobaccothroughareed'，andponderingperchanceoverthemysteriesofthenewexpoundedfaith，the`cacique'oftheItatinestookuphisparable。
　　`Ihave'saidhe`conceivedanaffectionforthefather
　　priest，andhopetoenjoyhiscompanythroughoutmylife。Mydaughteristheprettiestgirlinthewholeworld，andIamnowresolvedtogivehertothefather
　　priest，thathemayalwaysstaywithme，andwithmyfamily，hereinthewoods。'
　　TheIndiansfromthemissionsbrokeintolaughter，afterthefashionofallthosewho，knowingbutalittle，thinkthattheyarewise。
　　The`cacique'，whoknewnothing，wasastoundedthatanyman，nomatterwhathiscalling，couldlivewithoutawife，andaskedtheJesuitifthestrangethingwastrue。Hisdoubtsbeingsatisfied，theyfelldiscoursingonthenatureoftheDeity，asubjectnoteasyofexhaustion，anddifficulttotreatofthroughthemediumofaninterpreter。
　　`Weknow'the`cacique'said`thatthereissomeonewhodwellsinheaven。'
　　Thisvaguenessputthemissionaryuponhismettle，andhesetoutatoncetoexpatiateupontheattributesofGod。Theyseemedtopleasethe`cacique'，whoinquired，`Whatisitthatdispleases，then，thedwellerintheskies?'
　　Lies，calumnies，adulteries，thefts，allwereenumerated，andreceivedtheIndian'sassent；buttheinjunctionnottokillprovokedabystandertoaskifitwasnotpermittedtoamantoslaythosewhoattackedhislife。Headded，`IhaveendeavouredsotodosincethefirstdayIcarriedarms。'
　　`Fanaticalcasuist'isastoutargumentinthemouthofamannurtureduponSuarezandMolina，butnodoubtitdidgoodservice，andDobrizhofferusesitwhenspeakingofthechief。ButDobrizhofferdidbetterworkthanmeretheologicaldisputation，forheprevaileduponeighteenoftheIndianstoaccompanyhimtothesettlementofSanJoaquin；
　　andafterhaving`forsomemonthstriedtheconstancy'ofayouthcalledArapotiyu，headmittedhimtothesacramentofbaptism，and`notlongafterwardsunitedhiminmarriageaccordingtotheChristianrites。'Itisevidentthatbaptismshouldprecedemarriage；
　　butitisanopenquestionastothedurationoftheintervalbetweenthetwoceremonies，andwemaybepermittedtowonderwhether，afterall，bothmightnotbeadvantageouslydispensedatthesametime。
　　InthecaseofArapotiyuthesystemworkedsatisfactorily，forhe`surpassedineverykindofvirtue，andmighthavebeentakenforanolddiscipleofChristianity。'Even`oldChristians'occasionally，despitetheirmorelaboriousinductionintotheritesandcustomsoftheirfaith，havefallenfromgrace，perhapsfromtheundueprolongationofthetermbetweentheceremonies。
　　InthecaseofanotheryouthoneGatothingsdidnotgososmoothly，forthoughhe，too，byhisconductobtainedbothbaptismandChristianwedlock，Dobrizhofferaddswithoutcomment，`notmanymonthsafterhediedofaslowdisease。'Theslowdiseasewasnotimprobablythenostalgiaofthewoods，fromwhichtheeffortsofthegoodmissionaryhadsosuccessfullywithdrawnhim。
　　PadredelTecho，inhis`HistoryofParaguay'，saysofthewoodIndiansthat`theydiedlikeplantswhich，grownintheshade，willnotbearthesun。'
　　ThelaboursoftheJesuitsinthethreeisolatedmissionsinthenorthofParaguayseemtohavebeenassuccessfulasthoseintheChacowereunfortunate。IndealingwiththewildequestriantribesoftheGranChaco，thesystemoftheJesuitswasnotsolikelytoachievesuccessasamongstthepeacefulGuaranis。
　　ThatoftheSpanishsettlerswasentirelyineffectual，andhasremainedsodowntothepresentday，whenstilltheshatteredremnantsoftheLules，Lenguas，Mocobios，andtherest，roamontheirhorsesorintheircanoesabouttheChacoanditsrivers，havingreceivednootherbenefitsfromcontactwiththeEuropeanracesbutgunpowderandgin。
　　SanJoaquin，SanEstanislao，andBelen。
　　ChapterIX
　　TheSpanishandPortugueseattempttoforcenewlawsontheIndians
　　TheIndiansrevoltagainstthem
　　Thehopelessstrugglegoesonforeightyears
　　RuinofthemissionsThemissionsintheChacoandtheTaruma，allfoundedbetween1700and1760，thelastBelenbutsevenyearsbeforetheexpulsionoftheJesuitsfromAmerica，gofartowardsdisprovingtheallegationsofsomewriters，1
　　thattheapostolicenergyofthefirstfoundationshaddecayed，andthattheJesuitsweremerelylivingonthegoodnameofthefirstfoundersinthebeginningofthepastcentury。Butletthezealofanyclassofmenbewhatitmay，iftheyopposethemselvestoslaveryandatthesametimearereportedtohavelandsinwhichisgold，andresolutelyexcludeadventurersfromthem，theirdoomissealed。
　　BothcrimesweresetdowntotheJesuits。Writingin1784，ortwentyyearsaftertheexpulsionofhisorder，DobrizhofferreferstotheIndiansofthereductionsas`beinginsubjection2
　　onlytotheCatholicKingandtheroyalGovernors，notindreadedslaveryamongstprivateSpaniardsastheotherIndians；'andMontoya，Lozano，andDelTecho，writinginearliertimes，allconfirmthestatement，whichisalsodoublyconfirmedbythevariousroyaledictsonthesubject。3
　　Thereportsofgold
　　mines，too，hadneverceased，althoughtheyhadbeenrepeatedlydisproved，andthose，togetherwiththestandforfreedomfortheIndians，ledtotheeventswhichfinallybroughtabouttheexpulsionoftheOrderfromtheterritorieswheretheyhadworkedsolong。
　　1NotablythoseofAzara。
　　2`AccountoftheAbipones'，p。15。
　　3AsthatofPhilipV。，fromthepalaceofBuenRetiro，December28，1743，andhistwoletterstotheJesuitsofParaguay。AlsothepreviousedictobtainedbyMontoyafromPhilipII。，andbythevariousadditionsonthesameheadmadefromtimetotimetothecodeknownas`TheLawsoftheIndies'。
　　In1740，GomezdeAndrade，GovernorfortheKingofPortugalinRiodeJaneiro，beingoneofthosewhowasconvincedthatthereasonwhytheJesuitsguardedtheirterritoriessoreligiouslywasthattheyhadmines，bethoughthimofaplan。Hisplan，likemostofthoseconceivedonthefantasticreasonswhicharecalled`ofState'，tooknoaccountofsentiment，andtherefore，asmankindareandwilleverbeathousandtimesmoreinfluencedbysentimentthanbyhardreasoning，wasfromthefirstboundofitselftofail。
　　ThecolonyofSacramentoupontheriverPlatehadforahundredyearsbeenthesourceofconflictbetweentheSpaniardsandthePortuguese。1
　　SituatedasitwasalmostinfrontofBuenosAyres，itservedasadepotforsmugglers；and，moreover，beingfortified，menacedthenavigationbothoftheParanaandParaguay。
　　SlaversfromEngland，Holland，andtheGermanportscrowdedtheharbour。
　　Armsofallkindswerestoredthere，andweredistributedtoalladventurerswhomeditatedassaultsagainstthecrownofSpain。Twiceorthreetimesithadbeentakenandrestored，theIndiansofthemissionsalwaysrenderingmostefficienthelp。AtthetimeofwhichIwrite1740
　　ithadpassedagainbytreatyunderthedominionofthePortuguese，butstillremainedastandingmenacetotheSpaniards。
　　GomezAndradeadvisedthecourtofLisbontoexchangeitagainstthesevenreductions2oftheUruguay，andthusatoncetosecureacountryrichingoldandtoadjustthefrontierattheriverUruguay。Nothingappearssosimpletoastatesmanastoexchangeonepieceofterritoryforanother。Aparchmentsignedaftersomeinternationalnegotiations，andthewholethingisdone。
　　If，though，ashappenedinthiscase，oneoftheterritoriescontainsapopulationsuchasthatwhichinhabitedtheseventownsupontheUruguay，andwhichhasconqueredthecountryinwhichitlivesfromvirginforest，anddefendeditagainstallcomers，itsometimeshappensthattheunreasonableinhabitants，byclingingtotheirhomes，defeatthestatesmen'splans。Yetstatesmen，onceembarkedinanyplan，donotstickatsuchtriflesastheaffectionofapeopleforitshome，butquietlypursuetheirpath，knowingthatthatwhichisconceivedbyministersofStatemustintheendbebeneficialtomankind。
　　Withoutthispatrioticabnegationoftheirfeelings，nostatesmenwouldbeworthyofthename。IndifferencetothefeelingsofothersisperhapsthegreatestproofapublicmancangiveofhisattachmenttotheState。Afternegotiations，lastingmanyyears，in1750atreatywassignedbetweenPortugalandSpainagreeingthattheformershouldgiveuptheColoniadelSacramentototheSpaniardsinexchangeforthesevenJesuittownsupontheUruguay，andthatbothnationsshouldfurnishacommissiontofixthefrontiersofthetwonationsontheUruguay。3OnFebruary15，1750，theSpanishcourtsenttotheJesuitsoftheseventownstopreparetheirIndianstoleavetheirhomesandmarchintotheforests，andtherefoundnewtowns。
　　1SincethediscoveryofAmericatheSpaniardsandthePortuguesehadbeeninconstantrivalrythroughoutthesouth
　　easternportion。
　　Theirfrontier，betweenwhatarenowBrazilandArgentina，hadneverbeendefined。In1494KingJohnII。ofCastileconcludedatreatysignedatTordesillaswiththeKingofPortugal，placingthedividing
　　linebetweenthecountriestwohundredleaguesmoretothewestwardthanthatofthefamousBullofPopeAlexanderVI。May4，1493，whichplaceditatonehundredleagueswestofCapeVerd，cuttingtheworldintwofromtheArctictotheAntarcticPole。
　　FromthesigningofthetreatyofTordesillastroublebeganinSouthAmericabetweenthePowers，asbythattreatyaportionofBrazilcameintothepowerofPortugal。
　　2ThesewerethetownsofSanAngel，SanNicolas，SanLuis，SanLorenzo，SanMiguel，SanJuan，andSanBorja。
　　3Accordingtothe1913editionoftheCatholicEncyclopediainthearticletitled"ReductionsofParaguay"thistreaty，signedinsecreton15January1750，wasadeliberateassaultontheJesuitOrderbytheMinistersofSpainandPortugal，thelatterofwhom，Pombal，issaidtohavebeenresponsiblealsoforthefalseandlibelous`HistoiredeNicolasI。，RoyduParaguaietEmpereurdesMamalus'referredtointhischapter
　　whichwasdistributedthroughoutEuropeasanotherattackontheJesuits。
　　AsanyonefamiliarwiththesituationcouldseethattheIndianswouldnotbehappyaboutthetreaty'srequirementtoabandontheirhomes，itwasawell
　　calculated，thoughdetestable，move。
　　A。L。，1998。
　　AtthatdateFrancoisRetzwasGeneraloftheJesuits，andonhimdevolvedthedutyofcommunicatingtheordersofthecourtsofSpainandPortugaltotheJesuitsinthemissionsoftheUruguay。FatherBernardNeyderdorfferwasthemanonwhomtheProvincialofParaguayFatherBarreda
　　imposedthetaskofcommunicatingtotheIndiansthewishesofthetwocourts。
　　Thoughhehadlivedalreadythirty
　　fiveyearsinthemissions，andknewtheIndianswell，andwasrespectedbythemasafather，heseemsatfirsttohaveshrunkfromsuchatask。WhenthenewswasbroughttothetownsupontheUruguay，noneoftheIndiansatfirstwouldcreditit。
　　The`caciques'chiefsoftheseventownsdeclaredthattheywouldratherdiethanleavetheirnativeplace。NothingwasheardbutlamentationsandexpressionsofhatredofthePortuguese，mingledwithdenunciationsoftheJesuitsthemselves，whothepoorIndiansnotunnaturallybelievedwereinleaguewithSpaintosellthemtothePortuguese。Butinalittletheclamoursturnedtoaction，and，notcontentwithrefusingtoobeytheedictofthetwocourts，theIndiansbrokeintorevolt。Twomostimportantnarrativesofthisrevoltexist，onebyFatherCardielandonebyFatherEnnis，bothofwhomwerewitnessesoftheevents。Afterconsiderablenegotiations，whichlastedtill1753，1theunitedtroopsofPortugalandSpainadvancedintothemissionterritorytoarrangetheoccupationofthecededtowns。
　　Thecommissionersofthetwonationswere，forSpain，theMarquesdeValdelirios，andforPortugalGeneralGomezFreyredeAndrade，andbothofthemappeartohavecometoAmericaalreadyprejudicedagainsttheJesuits。OnMarch24，1753，AndradewrotetoValdelirios，almostbeforehecouldhaveheardanythingdefiniteaboutthemissionterritory，towhichtheybothwerestrangers，tellinghimthatoppositionwastobeexpected，andthattheJesuitswereurgingtheIndianstorevolt。2Theoppositionthatthetwocommissionerssoconfidentlyhopedtofind，3
　　andwhichcontemporarywritershavesetforthinitstruecoloursasbuttherevoltofignorantIndiansrendereddesperatebybeingarbitrarilydispossessedoflandswhichtheythemselveshadsettledandheldforalmostahundredyears，wasfraughtwithseriousconsequences，notonlytotheJesuitsinParaguay，buttotheOrderthroughouttheworldatlarge。ForyearstheirenemieshadsaidtheJesuitswereendeavouringtosetupinthemissionsaStatequiteindependentoftheSpanishcrown。BytheirownconducttheJesuitstosomeextenthadgivencolourtothereport，forbyexcludingintheinterestoftheIndiansallSpaniardsfromthemissionterritories，itlookedasiftheywereatworkatsomethingwhichtheywishedtokeepasecret，asnooneatthattimedeemeditaseriouspleatoenterintoanylineofconductforthegoodofIndians，whomingeneraltheSpanishsettlerslookeduponasbeasts。ThatitwasthebestpolicytheycouldhavepossiblypursuedunderthecircumstancesisprovedabundantlybythecodeofinstructionslaiddownbyDonFranciscoBucareli，theViceroyofBuenosAyres，underwhoseauspicestheexpulsionoftheJesuitsin1760wascarriedout。
　　Inthatcodeoccursthefollowingarticle:4`Youwillnotallowanystrangers，ofwhateverestate，quality，orconditiontheymaybe，toresideinthetownthatis，ofthemissions，eveniftheybeartisans，5
　　andmuchlessthattheydealortakecontractsinthemeitherforthemselvesorforothers，andyoushalltakeespecialcarethattheLawsoftheIndiesbeexecuted，andspeciallythosewhicharecontainedinArticle27ofBookIX。；6andalsoifanyPortuguesedesertersorotherpersonsofwhateverconditionsshouldcometothetowns，youwillinstantlyconductthemtothiscity，takingeveryprecautiontopreventtheirescape。'
　　1MostofthedatesoftheeventssubsequenttothecessionofthesevenreductionsontheUruguayaretakenfrom`LaCausaJesuiticadePortugal'Madrid，1768，writtenbyIbanez，agreatenemyoftheJesuits。InitisalsoanaccountoftheeventsinParaguaybetween1750and1756，called`RelaciondelaGuerraquesustentaronlosJesuitascontralastropasEspan~olasyPortuguesasenelUruguayyParana/'。NoproofhaseverbeenbroughtforwardthattheJesuitsasabodyeverincitedtherevoltoftheIndians，thoughundoubtedlyFatherTadeoEnnis，ahot
　　headedpriest，stirreduphisownparticularreductiontoresist。ItdoesnotseemlikelythattheJesuitscouldhavethoughtitpossibletowageasuccessfulwaragainstSpainandPortugal。ThedatestakenfromIbaneztallywithoriginallettersfromtheMarquesdeValdelirios，theSpanishboundarycommissioner，andothers，whicharepreservedintheSpanishnationalarchivesatSimancas。
　　2Vide`Exc。porloscartasquerecibiconlosavisos，yllegadadelP。Altamirano，entiendoacabara/depersuadirseaquelosPadresdelaCampan~iasonlossublevados，sinolosquitandelasaldeassusSantosPadrescomoelloslosllaman
　　noexperimentara/nmasquerebelionesinsolenciasydesprecios……'
　　LetterquotedbyIbanez`CausaJesuitica'，andalsopreservedatSimancas。
　　3TheMarquesdeValdelirios，writingtoDonJosedeCarvajalfromMonteVideo，June28，1752Simancas，Legajo7，447，says:
　　`Estoyciertodequelospadresestanyaenlapersuasiondequeeltratadonosehadedejardeexecutar。'Thisbeingso，itwasevidentthattheMarquis，atthedateofwriting，wasofopinionthattheJesuitswerenotgoingtoopposetheexecutionofthetreaty，ashegoesontosay:`Yescrediblequeconestedesengan~otrabajanseriamenteenlamudanzadesuspueblos。'
　　4Theinstructionswerepreparedin1768byBucarelifortheguidanceofDonJuanJosephdeVertiz，hisinterimsuccessorinthegovernmentoftheRiverPlate，andweredeliveredtohimin1770
　　whenBucarelireturnedtoSpain。TheyareprintedbyBraboinhis`ColecciondeDocumentosrelativosa/laExpulsiondelosJesuitas'，Madrid，1872，p。320。
　　5`Oficialesmecanicos'。
　　6Thisreferstothesamesubject，andprohibitsanySpaniardfromsettlinginanIndiantowninanypartofAmerica。
　　Still，thoughtheirpolicywaspursued，itdidnotstoptheopponentsoftheJesuitsfromdenouncingthatverypolicy，bothatthecessionoftheseventownsandattheexpulsionoftheOrderfromAmerica。Thecommissioners，afterinnumerabledelays，havingfoundthemselvesin1753atSantaTecla，avillageneartheUruguay，itbecomesnecessarytocastaglanceatwhattheJesuitsthemselvesweredoing，andhowtheytriedtodotheirdutyastheysawitbothtotheirSovereign，theirOrder，andtheIndiansoverwhomtheyruled。
　　Itseemsasif，whilstthesuperiorsoftheOrderrecognisedatoncethefutilityofstrivingagainstPortugalandSpain，someoftheinferiormemberssecretlysetontheIndianstoarmedresistancetotheimpoliticdecree。ThecounciloftheprovinceParaguay1
　　assembledattheJesuitcollegeinCordoba，composedofFathersMasala，Horos，Caballero，Lopez，andLozano，sentamemorial2
　　bothtotheViceroyofPeruandtotheHighCourtofCharcas。
　　Inthememorialtheyfirstsetforththeirloyalty，andthenexposedthedeceittowhichtheministersofSpainandPortugalhadbeensubjectedbytheiradvisersinAmerica。Theypointedoutmostjustlythatthetreatywasdamagingtoboththecountriesconcerned，3
　　andthatinregardtotheIndiansoftheseventownspeculiarlyunjust。
　　BothatCharcasandatLimatheirmemorialthoughdiffuse
　　wasfavourablyreceived，andacopyremittedtotheKingandCouncilatMadrid。Ibanez，inhis`RepublicaJesuitica'，qualifiestheactionoftheJesuitsinthismatterasa`greatcrime'。DeanFunesonlyseesduplicityoflanguage，butseemstoexcuseitinthecircumstancesinwhichtheJesuitswereplaced。Certainly，aftereffortsextendingoveralmosttwohundredyears，itwashardonthemtoseesevenoftheirmostflourishingmissionsarbitrarilybrokenup，theIndiansdrivenfromtheirhomes，andtheirterritoryoccupiedbythoseveryPortuguesewhoforahundredyearshadbeentheirpersecutors。
　　Therewasmuchtosayinextenuation，evenfor`duplicityoflanguage'，whenoneremembersthattheJesuitsalonenomatterhowmistakentheirviewsoftreatmentmayseemtomoderneyesstoodoutagainsttheassumptionthattheIndianswereamereflockofsheep，whomightbedrivenfromtheirhomesonanypretext，orattheexigenciesofministersatcourtswholivedtenthousandmilesaway，andwerecompletelyignorantofthelocalcircumstances。
　　WhetherthememorialinfluencedthecourtofSpainishardtosay；
　　butitiscertainthatwhen，in1752，theMarquesdeValdeliriosarrivedinBuenosAyres，withhimcameasacommissionertofixtheboundarybetweenthetwonationsoftheUruguayFatherLuisdeAltamirano，accompaniedbyhissecretary，RafaeldeCordoba，bothmembersoftheOrder，andthattheMarquistookuphislodginginthecollegeoftheJesuits。Therepapersandmemorialsrainedonhim:
　　onecamefromtheBishopofTucuman，andonefromDonJaimedeSanJust，theGovernorofParaguay，withmanyothersfrompeopleofinferiornote，allintheinterestoftheCompany。ItappearsasifValdeliriosthoughtthatthesememorialswereinspired，forhisfirstactionwastopublishtothepriestsoftheseventownsthewishesofhisgovernmentastoevacuationbytheIndiansoftheterritory。Thishedidthroughtheprefectofthemissions，whoseemstohaveactedingoodfaithinhisendeavourstocarryoutthewishesoftheSpanishcourt。
　　JustatthatmomentBarreda，theProvincialofParaguay，arrivedinBuenosAyres，andValdeliriosaskedhimhisopinionastothemeasuresbestcalculatedtoinsurethetreatybeingquietlycarriedout。Barreda，thoughallhisinterestswereagainsttheexecutionofthetreaty，seemstohaveactedingoodfaith。
　　Hegavethesensibleadvicethat，asthetreatyhadbeenmadeentirelywithouttakingintoconsiderationthedifficultiesofcarryingitout，itcouldnotbeheldacrimetoasktheKingforsomedelay。4
　　Headvisedconsultingthreeex
　　GovernorsofParaguay，whohappenedtobeinBuenosAyres，5and，lastly，thatallhurry，oranythinglikelytoexcitetheIndians，shouldbeavoided；
　　foritwaspossiblethatthey，relyingontheirnumbersandlocalknowledge，mightbeabletogivemuchtroubleeventothejointforcesofbothcrowns。
　　HelaidbeforeValdeliriostheconditionofthereductions，tellinghimthattheywerefertileandwellcultivated，6andthatthisofitselfwouldinclinetheIndiansagainstmigratingfromtheirlands。
　　Lastly，hesaiditwastheopinionofthemostexperiencedoftheprieststhattheIndianswouldyieldneithertoargumentsnorreason，forthehatredofthePortuguesehadputthemquitebesidethemselveswithfuryattheideaofgivinguptheirlands。Valdeliriosmusthavefoundhimselfnotintoocomfortableastate。LodgedashewasinthecollegeoftheJesuits，hemusthavefeltthatmostoftheadvicewhichwassofreelytenderedhimwasbiassed，andtorelievehismindhecalledacouncil，atwhichtheProvincialBarreda，JuanEscadon，hissecretary，Altamirano，andRafaeldeCordobaappeared。Thecouncilrecommendedprudence，and，asthemajoritywereJesuits，pushedtheirprudenceevenbeyondLowlandScotchornorthofIrelandlimits，fortheyproposedtoinstituteacommissionwhich，afterthreeyears'investigation，shouldreportatBuenosAyresonwhatithadfoundout。
　　Commissions，royalorotherwise，havealwaysbeenatrump
　　cardinthehandsofgovernments，sincepeddlingdemocracy，withshowofnosesandthelike，cameinandputanendtothosegoodoldmethodswhichareasdearto
　　daytorulers'heartsastheyhaveeverbeensincethebeginningoftheworld，andwillbewhilstelection，battle，fitness，talents，wealth，unfitness，oranyothercause，givespowerintothehandsofanyonetorule。
　　1DeanFunes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivildelParaguay'，etc。，tomeiii。，p。45。
　　2DeanFunessays`unadifusamemoria'；but，then，eventhoughfriendly，churchmenandcatsrarelyforegoascratch。Theproverbhasit，`Palabrasdesanto，un~asdegato'。
　　3ThoughIbanez`RepublicaJesuitica'，tomei。，cap。i。says:
　　`ThistreatycausedentiresatisfactiontoalltheworldexcepttheEnglish，whofearedtheircommercewouldsufferbyiti。e。，bytheclosingoftheColoniadelSacramentoasanentryforsmuggledgoods，andtheJesuits。'
　　Raynal，alsoanex
　　Jesuit，butamanoffarhighercharacterthanIbanez，saystomeiii。，lib。97:`Thistreatymetcensureonbothsides，theministersinLisbonthemselvesallegingthatitwasafalsepolicytosacrificetheColoniadelSacramento，theclandestinecommerceofwhichamountedtotwomillionsofdollarsayear……forpossessionswhoseadvantageswereuncertainandpositionremote。TheoutcrieswereevenstrongerinMadrid。TheretheyimaginedthatthePortuguesewouldsoonruleallalongtheUruguay……andfromthencepenetrateuptheriversintoTucuman，Chile，andPotosi。'
　　4QuotingthePopewhoadvisedSt。AugustineonhisfirstmissionvisittoEngland，toconvertthenativestoChristianity，togoslowly。
　　5D。MartindeEcharia，DonRafaeldeMenedo，andDonMarcosdeLauazabel。
　　6FromaletterpreservedatSimancasLegajo7，447，writtenbyP。DiegoPalaciostoP。LuizdeAltamirano，datedSanMiguel，June20，1752，itappearsthattherewereintheterritoryoftheseventownsplantationsof`yerba'trees，cotton，andvaluablewoods。
　　Valdelirios，whowasnotafool，sawtheirdesign，andinstantlydespatchedAltamirano1752toCastillostomeetFreiredeAndradeandthePortuguese，andsetaboutdrawingthenewfrontierlineatonce。