Iapproachedtoregardmorenarrowlythismysticchamber，which
　　seemedafittinglaboratoryforanecromancer，whenIwasstartled
　　atbeholdingahumancountenancestaringatmefromaduskycorner。It
　　wasthatofasmall，shrivelledoldman，withthincheeks，bright
　　eyes，andgraywiryprojectingeyebrows。Iatfirstdoubtedwhetherit
　　werenotamummycuriouslypreserved，butitmoved，andIsawthat
　　itwasalive。Itwasanotheroftheseblack—cloakedoldmen，and，asI
　　regardedhisquaintphysiognomy，hisobsoletegarb，andthehideous
　　andsinisterobjectsbywhichhewassurrounded，Ibegantopersuade
　　myselfthatIhadcomeuponthearchmago，whoruledoverthismagical
　　fraternity。
　　Seeingmepausingbeforethedoor，heroseandinvitedmeto
　　enter。Iobeyed，withsingularhardihood，forhowdidIknowwhethera
　　waveofhiswandmightnotmetamorphosemeintosomestrange
　　monster，orconjuremeintooneofthebottlesonhismantelpiece？
　　Heproved，however，tobeanythingbutaconjurer，andhissimple
　　garrulitysoondispelledallthemagicandmysterywithwhichIhad
　　envelopedthisantiquatedpileanditsnolessantiquatedinhabitants。
　　ItappearedthatIhadmademywayintothecentreofanancient
　　asylumforsuperannuatedtradesmenanddecayedhouseholders，with
　　whichwasconnectedaschoolforalimitednumberofboys。Itwas
　　foundedupwardsoftwocenturiessinceonanoldmonastic
　　establishment，andretainedsomewhatoftheconventualairand
　　character。Theshadowylineofoldmeninblackmantleswhohadpassed
　　beforemeinthehall，andwhomIhadelevatedintomagi，turnedout
　　tobethepensionersreturningfrommorningserviceinthechapel。
　　JohnHallum，thelittlecollectorofcuriosities，whomIhadmade
　　thearchmagician，hadbeenforsixyearsaresidentoftheplace，and
　　haddecoratedthisfinalnestling—placeofhisoldagewithrelicsand
　　raritiespickedupinthecourseofhislife。Accordingtohisown
　　accounthehadbeensomewhatofatraveller；havingbeenoncein
　　France，andverynearmakingavisittoHolland。Heregrettednot
　　havingvisitedthelattercountry，"asthenhemighthavesaidhe
　　hadbeenthere。"—Hewasevidentlyatravellerofthesimplestkind。
　　Hewasaristocraticaltooinhisnotions；keepingaloof，asIfound，
　　fromtheordinaryrunofpensioners。Hischiefassociateswereablind
　　manwhospokeLatinandGreek，ofbothwhichlanguagesHallumwas
　　profoundlyignorant；andabroken—downgentlemanwhohadrunthrougha
　　fortuneoffortythousandpoundslefthimbyhisfather，andten
　　thousandpounds，themarriageportionofhiswife。LittleHallum
　　seemedtoconsideritanindubitablesignofgentlebloodaswellas
　　ofloftyspirittobeabletosquandersuchenormoussums。
　　P。S。ThepicturesqueremnantofoldtimesintowhichIhavethus
　　beguiledthereaderiswhatiscalledtheCharterHouse，originally
　　theChartreuse。Itwasfoundedin1611，ontheremainsofanancient
　　convent，bySirThomasSutton，beingoneofthosenoblecharities
　　setonfootbyindividualmunificence，andkeptupwiththequaintness
　　andsanctityofancienttimesamidstthemodernchangesand
　　innovationsofLondon。Hereeightybroken—downmen，whohaveseen
　　betterdays，areprovided，intheiroldage，withfood，clothing，
　　fuel，andayearlyallowanceforprivateexpenses。Theydine
　　togetherasdidthemonksofold，inthehallwhichhadbeenthe
　　refectoryoftheoriginalconvent。Attachedtotheestablishmentis
　　aschoolforforty—fourboys。
　　Stow，whoseworkIhaveconsultedonthesubject，speakingofthe
　　obligationsofthegray—headedpensioners，says，"Theyarenotto
　　intermeddlewithanybusinesstouchingtheaffairsofthehospital，
　　buttoattendonlytotheserviceofGod，andtakethankfullywhat
　　isprovidedforthem，withoutmuttering，murmuring，orgrudging。
　　Nonetowearweapon，longhair，coloredboots，spursorcoloredshoes，
　　feathersintheirhats，oranyruffian—likeorunseemlyapparel，but
　　suchasbecomeshospitalmentowear。""Andintruth，"addsStow，
　　"happyaretheythataresotakenfromthecaresandsorrowsofthe
　　world，andfixedinsogoodaplaceastheseoldmenare；having
　　nothingtocarefor，butthegoodoftheirsouls，toserveGodand
　　toliveinbrotherlylove。"
　　Fortheamusementofsuchashavebeeninterestedbythepreceding
　　sketch，takendownfrommyownobservation，andwhomaywishtoknowa
　　littlemoreaboutthemysteriesofLondon，Isubjoinamodicumof
　　localhistory，putintomyhandsbyanodd—lookingoldgentlemanin
　　asmallbrownwigandasnuff—coloredcoat，withwhomIbecame
　　acquaintedshortlyaftermyvisittotheCharterHouse。IconfessI
　　wasalittledubiousatfirst，whetheritwasnotoneofthose
　　apocryphaltalesoftenpassedoffuponinquiringtravellerslike
　　myself；andwhichhavebroughtourgeneralcharacterforveracityinto
　　suchunmeritedreproach。Onmakingproperinquiries，however，Ihave
　　receivedthemostsatisfactoryassurancesoftheauthor’sprobity；
　　and，indeed，havebeentoldthatheisactuallyengagedinafulland
　　particularaccountoftheveryinterestingregioninwhichheresides；
　　ofwhichthefollowingmaybeconsideredmerelyasaforetaste。
　　THEEND。
　　1819—20
　　THESKETCHBOOK
　　PHILIPOFPOKANOKET
　　ANINDIANMEMOIR
　　byWashingtonIrving
　　Asmonumentalbronzeunchangedhislook：
　　Asoulthatpitytouch’d，butnevershook：
　　Train’dfromhistree—rock’dcradletohisbier
　　Thefierceextremesofgoodandilltobrook
　　Impassive—fearingbuttheshameoffear—
　　Astoicofthewoods—amanwithoutatear。
　　CAMPBELL。
　　ITIStoberegrettedthatthoseearlywriters，whotreatedofthe
　　discoveryandsettlementofAmerica，havenotgivenusmoreparticular
　　andcandidaccountsoftheremarkablecharactersthatflourishedin
　　savagelife。Thescantyanecdoteswhichhavereachedusarefullof
　　peculiarityandinterest；theyfurnishuswithnearerglimpsesof
　　humannature，andshowwhatmanisinacomparativelyprimitivestate，
　　andwhatheowestocivilization。Thereissomethingofthecharmof
　　discoveryinlightinguponthesewildandunexploredtractsofhuman
　　nature；inwitnessing，asitwere，thenativegrowthofmoral
　　sentiment，andperceivingthosegenerousandromanticqualities
　　whichhavebeenartificiallycultivatedbysociety，vegetatingin
　　spontaneoushardihoodandrudemagnificence。
　　Incivilizedlife，wherethehappiness，andindeedalmostthe
　　existence，ofmandependssomuchupontheopinionofhis
　　fellow—men，heisconstantlyactingastudiedpart。Theboldand
　　peculiartraitsofnativecharacterarerefinedaway，orsofteneddown
　　bythelevellinginfluenceofwhatistermedgood—breeding；andhe
　　practisessomanypettydeceptions，andaffectssomanygenerous
　　sentiments，forthepurposesofpopularity，thatitisdifficultto
　　distinguishhisrealfromhisartificialcharacter。TheIndian，onthe
　　contrary，freefromtherestraintsandrefinementsofpolishedlife，
　　and，inagreatdegree，asolitaryandindependentbeing，obeysthe
　　impulsesofhisinclinationorthedictatesofhisjudgment；and
　　thustheattributesofhisnature，beingfreelyindulged，grow
　　singlygreatandstriking。Societyislikealawn，whereevery
　　roughnessissmoothed，everybrambleeradicated，andwheretheeye
　　isdelightedbythesmilingverdureofavelvetsurface；he，
　　however，whowouldstudynatureinitswildnessandvariety，must
　　plungeintotheforest，mustexploretheglen，muststemthe
　　torrent，anddaretheprecipice。
　　Thesereflectionsaroseoncasuallylookingthroughavolumeof
　　earlycolonialhistory，whereinarerecorded，withgreatbitterness，
　　theoutragesoftheIndians，andtheirwarswiththesettlersofNew
　　England。Itispainfultoperceiveevenfromthesepartialnarratives，
　　howthefootstepsofcivilizationmaybetracedinthebloodofthe
　　aborigines；howeasilythecolonistsweremovedtohostilitybythe
　　lustofconquest；howmercilessandexterminatingwastheirwarfare。
　　Theimaginationshrinksattheidea，howmanyintellectualbeingswere
　　huntedfromtheearth，howmanybraveandnoblehearts，ofnature’s
　　sterlingcoinage，werebrokendownandtrampledinthedust！
　　SuchwasthefateofPHILIPOFPOKANOKET，anIndianwarrior，whose
　　namewasonceaterrorthroughoutMassachusettsandConnecticut。He
　　wasthemostdistinguishedofanumberofcontemporarySachemswho
　　reignedoverthePequods，theNarragansetts，theWampanoags，andthe
　　othereasterntribes，atthetimeofthefirstsettlementofNew
　　England；abandofnativeuntaughtheroes，whomadethemost
　　generousstruggleofwhichhumannatureiscapable；fightingtothe
　　lastgaspinthecauseoftheircountry，withoutahopeofvictory
　　orathoughtofrenown。Worthyofanageofpoetry，andfitsubjects
　　forlocalstoryandromanticfiction，theyhaveleftscarcelyany
　　authentictracesonthepageofhistory，butstalk，likegigantic
　　shadows，inthedimtwilightoftradition。*
　　*Whilecorrectingtheproofsheetsofthisarticle，theauthoris
　　informedthatacelebratedEnglishpoethasnearlyfinishedan
　　heroicpoemonthestoryofPhilipofPokanoket。
　　Whenthepilgrims，asthePlymouthsettlersarecalledbytheir
　　descendants，firsttookrefugeontheshoresoftheNewWorld，from
　　thereligiouspersecutionsoftheOld，theirsituationwastothelast
　　degreegloomyanddisheartening。Fewinnumber，andthatnumber
　　rapidlyperishingawaythroughsicknessandhardships；surroundedbya
　　howlingwildernessandsavagetribes；exposedtotherigorsofan
　　almostarcticwinter，andthevicissitudesofanever—shifting
　　climate；theirmindswerefilledwithdolefulforebodings，andnothing
　　preservedthemfromsinkingintodespondencybutthestrongexcitement
　　ofreligiousenthusiasm。Inthisforlornsituationtheywerevisited
　　byMassasoit，chiefSagamoreoftheWampanoags，apowerfulchief，
　　whoreignedoveragreatextentofcountry。Insteadoftaking
　　advantageofthescantynumberofthestrangers，andexpellingthem
　　fromhisterritories，intowhichtheyhadintruded，heseemedat
　　oncetoconceiveforthemagenerousfriendship，andextended
　　towardsthemtheritesofprimitivehospitality。Hecameearlyin
　　thespringtotheirsettlementofNewPlymouth，attendedbyamere
　　handfuloffollowers，enteredintoasolemnleagueofpeaceandamity；
　　soldthemaportionofthesoil，andpromisedtosecureforthemthe
　　good—willofhissavageallies。WhatevermaybesaidofIndian
　　perfidy，itiscertainthattheintegrityandgoodfaithof
　　Massasoithaveneverbeenimpeached。Hecontinuedafirmand
　　magnanimousfriendofthewhitemen；sufferingthemtoextendtheir
　　possessions，andtostrengthenthemselvesintheland；andbetraying
　　nojealousyoftheirincreasingpowerandprosperity。Shortlybefore
　　hisdeathhecameoncemoretoNewPlymouth，withhissonAlexander，
　　forthepurposeofrenewingthecovenantofpeace，andofsecuring
　　ittohisposterity。
　　Atthisconferenceheendeavoredtoprotectthereligionofhis
　　forefathersfromtheencroachingzealofthemissionaries；and
　　stipulatedthatnofurtherattemptshouldbemadetodrawoffhis
　　peoplefromtheirancientfaith；but，findingtheEnglish
　　obstinatelyopposedtoanysuchcondition，hemildlyrelinquished
　　thedemand。Almostthelastactofhislifewastobringhistwosons，
　　AlexanderandPhilip（astheyhadbeennamedbytheEnglish），tothe
　　residenceofaprincipalsettler，recommendingmutualkindnessand
　　confidence；andentreatingthatthesameloveandamitywhichhad
　　existedbetweenthewhitemenandhimselfmightbecontinued
　　afterwardswithhischildren。ThegoodoldSachemdiedinpeace，and
　　washappilygatheredtohisfathersbeforesorrowcameuponhistribe；
　　hischildrenremainedbehindtoexperiencetheingratitudeofwhite
　　men。
　　Hiseldestson，Alexander，succeededhim。Hewasofaquickand
　　impetuoustemper，andproudlytenaciousofhishereditaryrightsand
　　dignity。Theintrusivepolicyanddictatorialconductofthestrangers
　　excitedhisindignation；andhebeheldwithuneasinesstheir
　　exterminatingwarswiththeneighboringtribes。Hewasdoomedsoon
　　toincurtheirhostility，beingaccusedofplottingwiththe
　　NarragansettstoriseagainsttheEnglishanddrivethemfromthe
　　land。Itisimpossibletosaywhetherthisaccusationwaswarrantedby
　　factsorwasgroundedonmeresuspicion。Itisevident，however，by
　　theviolentandoverbearingmeasuresofthesettlers，thattheyhadby
　　thistimebeguntofeelconsciousoftherapidincreaseoftheir
　　power，andtogrowharshandinconsiderateintheirtreatmentofthe
　　natives。TheydespatchedanarmedforcetoseizeuponAlexander，and
　　tobringhimbeforetheircourts。Hewastracedtohiswoodland
　　haunts，andsurprisedatahuntinghouse，wherehewasreposingwitha
　　bandofhisfollowers，unarmed，afterthetoilsofthechase。The
　　suddennessofhisarrest，andtheoutrageofferedtohissovereign
　　dignity，sopreyedupontheirasciblefeelingsofthisproudsavage，
　　astothrowhimintoaragingfever。Hewaspermittedtoreturn
　　home，onconditionofsendinghissonasapledgeforhis
　　reappearance；buttheblowhehadreceivedwasfatal，andbeforehe
　　hadreachedhishomehefellavictimtotheagoniesofawounded
　　spirit。
　　ThesuccessorofAlexanderwasMetacomet，orKingPhilip，ashe
　　wascalledbythesettlers，onaccountofhisloftyspiritand
　　ambitioustemper。These，togetherwithhiswell—knownenergyand
　　enterprise，hadrenderedhimanobjectofgreatjealousyand
　　apprehension，andhewasaccusedofhavingalwayscherishedasecret
　　andimplacablehostilitytowardsthewhites。Suchmayveryprobably，
　　andverynaturally，havebeenthecase。Heconsideredthemas
　　originallybutmereintrudersintothecountry，whohadpresumed
　　uponindulgence，andwereextendinganinfluencebanefultosavage
　　life。Hesawthewholeraceofhiscountrymenmeltingbeforethemfrom
　　thefaceoftheearth；theirterritoriesslippingfromtheirhands，
　　andtheirtribesbecomingfeeble，scatteredanddependent。Itmaybe
　　saidthatthesoilwasoriginallypurchasedbythesettlers；butwho
　　doesnotknowthenatureofIndianpurchases，intheearlyperiods
　　ofcolonization？TheEuropeansalwaysmadethriftybargainsthrough
　　theirsuperioradroitnessintraffic；andtheygainedvast
　　accessionsofterritorybyeasilyprovokedhostilities。An
　　uncultivatedsavageisneveraniceinquirerintotherefinementsof
　　law，bywhichaninjurymaybegraduallyandlegallyinflicted。
　　Leadingfactsareallbywhichhejudges；anditwasenoughforPhilip
　　toknowthatbeforetheintrusionoftheEuropeanshiscountrymenwere
　　lordsofthesoil，andthatnowtheywerebecomingvagabondsinthe
　　landoftheirfathers。
　　Butwhatevermayhavebeenhisfeelingsofgeneralhostility，and
　　hisparticularindignationatthetreatmentofhisbrother，he
　　suppressedthemforthepresent，renewedthecontractwiththe
　　settlers，andresidedpeaceablyformanyyearsatPokanoket，or，asit
　　wascalledbytheEnglish，MountHope，*theancientseatofdominion
　　ofhistribe。Suspicions，however，whichwereatfirstbutvagueand
　　indefinite，begantoacquireformandsubstance；andhewasat
　　lengthchargedwithattemptingtoinstigatethevariousEasterntribes
　　toriseatonce，and，byasimultaneouseffort，tothrowoffthe
　　yokeoftheiroppressors。Itisdifficultatthisdistantperiodto
　　assignthepropercreditduetotheseearlyaccusationsagainstthe
　　Indians。Therewasapronenesstosuspicion，andanaptnesstoactsof
　　violence，onthepartofthewhites，thatgaveweightandimportance
　　toeveryidletale。Informersaboundedwheretalebearingmetwith
　　countenanceandreward；andtheswordwasreadilyunsheathedwhen
　　itssuccesswascertain，anditcarvedoutempire。*NowBristol，RhodeIsland。
　　TheonlypositiveevidenceonrecordagainstPhilipisthe
　　accusationofoneSausaman，arenegadeIndian，whosenaturalcunning
　　hadbeenquickenedbyapartialeducationwhichhehadreceived
　　amongthesettlers。Hechangedhisfaithandhisallegiancetwoor
　　threetimes，withafacilitythatevincedtheloosenessofhis
　　principles。HehadactedforsometimeasPhilip’sconfidential
　　secretaryandcounsellor，andhadenjoyedhisbountyandprotection。
　　Finding，however，thatthecloudsofadversityweregatheringround
　　hispatron，heabandonedhisserviceandwentovertothewhites；and，
　　inordertogaintheirfavor，chargedhisformerbenefactorwith
　　plottingagainsttheirsafety。Arigorousinvestigationtookplace。
　　Philipandseveralofhissubjectssubmittedtobeexamined，but
　　nothingwasprovedagainstthem。Thesettlers，however，hadnowgone
　　toofartoretract；theyhadpreviouslydeterminedthatPhilipwasa
　　dangerousneighbor；theyhadpubliclyevincedtheirdistrust；and
　　haddoneenoughtoinsurehishostility；according，therefore，to
　　theusualmodeofreasoninginthesecases，hisdestructionhadbecome
　　necessarytotheirsecurity。Sausaman，thetreacherousinformer，was
　　shortlyafterwardsfounddead，inapond，havingfallenavictimto
　　thevengeanceofhistribe。ThreeIndians，oneofwhomwasafriend
　　andcounsellorofPhilip，wereapprehendedandtried，and，onthe
　　testimonyofoneveryquestionablewitness，werecondemnedand
　　executedasmurderers。
　　Thistreatmentofhissubjects，andignominiouspunishmentofhis
　　friend，outragedtheprideandexasperatedthepassionsofPhilip。The
　　boltwhichhadfallenthusathisveryfeetawakenedhimtothe
　　gatheringstorm，andhedeterminedtotrusthimselfnolongerinthe
　　powerofthewhitemen。Thefateofhisinsultedandbroken—hearted
　　brotherstillrankledinhismind；andhehadafurtherwarninginthe
　　tragicalstoryofMiantonimo，agreatSachemoftheNarragansetts，
　　who，aftermanfullyfacinghisaccusersbeforeatribunalofthe
　　colonists，exculpatinghimselffromachargeofconspiracy，and
　　receivingassurancesofamity，hadbeenperfidiouslydespatchedat
　　theirinstigation。Philip，therefore，gatheredhisfightingmen
　　abouthim；persuadedallstrangersthathecould，tojoinhiscause；
　　sentthewomenandchildrentotheNarragansettsforsafety；and
　　whereverheappeared，wascontinuallysurroundedbyarmedwarriors。
　　Whenthetwopartieswerethusinastateofdistrustand
　　irritation，theleastsparkwassufficienttosettheminaflame。The
　　Indians，havingweaponsintheirhands，grewmischievous，and
　　committedvariouspettydepredations。Inoneoftheirmaraudingsa
　　warriorwasfiredonandkilledbyasettler。Thiswasthesignal
　　foropenhostilities；theIndianspressedtorevengethedeathof
　　theircomrade，andthealarmofwarresoundedthroughthePlymouth
　　colony。
　　Intheearlychroniclesofthesedarkandmelancholytimeswemeet
　　withmanyindicationsofthediseasedstateofthepublicmind。The
　　gloomofreligiousabstraction，andthewildnessoftheirsituation，
　　amongtracklessforestsandsavagetribes，haddisposedthe
　　coloniststosuperstitiousfancies，andhadfilledtheir
　　imaginationswiththefrightfulchimerasofwitchcraftand
　　spectrology。Theyweremuchgivenalsotoabeliefinomens。The
　　troubleswithPhilipandhisIndianswerepreceded，wearetold，by
　　avarietyofthoseawfulwarningswhichforerungreatandpublic
　　calamities。TheperfectformofanIndianbowappearedintheairat
　　NewPlymouth，whichwaslookeduponbytheinhabitantsasa
　　"prodigiousapparition。"AtHadley，Northampton，andothertownsin
　　theirneighborhood，"washeardthereportofagreatpieceof
　　ordnance，withashakingoftheearthandaconsiderableecho。*Others
　　werealarmedonastill，sunshinymorningbythedischargeofgunsand
　　muskets；bulletsseemedtowhistlepastthem，andthenoiseofdrums
　　resoundedintheair，seemingtopassawaytothewestward；others
　　fanciedthattheyheardthegallopingofhorsesovertheirheads；
　　andcertainmonstrousbirths，whichtookplaceaboutthetime，
　　filledthesuperstitiousinsometownswithdolefulforebodings。
　　Manyoftheseportentoussightsandsoundsmaybeascribedto
　　naturalphenomena：tothenorthernlightswhichoccurvividlyinthose
　　latitudes；themeteorswhichexplodeintheair；thecasualrushingof
　　ablastthroughthetopbranchesoftheforest；thecrashoffallen
　　treesordisruptedrocks；andtothoseotheruncouthsoundsandechoes
　　whichwillsometimesstriketheearsostrangelyamidsttheprofound
　　stillnessofwoodlandsolitudes。Thesemayhavestartledsome
　　melancholyimaginations，mayhavebeenexaggeratedbytheloveforthe
　　marvellous，andlistenedtowiththataviditywithwhichwedevour
　　whateverisfearfulandmysterious。Theuniversalcurrencyofthese
　　superstitiousfancies，andthegraverecordmadeofthembyoneofthe
　　learnedmenoftheday，arestronglycharacteristicofthetimes。*TheRev。IncreaseMather’sHistory。
　　Thenatureofthecontestthatensuedwassuchastoooften
　　distinguishesthewarfarebetweencivilizedmenandsavages。Onthe
　　partofthewhitesitwasconductedwithsuperiorskillandsuccess；
　　butwithawastefulnessoftheblood，andadisregardofthenatural
　　rightsoftheirantagonists：onthepartoftheIndiansitwaswaged
　　withthedesperationofmenfearlessofdeath，andwhohadnothing
　　toexpectfrompeace，buthumiliation，dependence，anddecay。
　　Theeventsofthewararetransmittedtousbyaworthyclergymanof
　　thetime；whodwellswithhorrorandindignationoneveryhostile
　　actoftheIndians，howeverjustifiable，whilsthementionswith
　　applausethemostsanguinaryatrocitiesofthewhites。Philipis
　　reviledasamurdererandatraitor；withoutconsideringthathewasa
　　truebornprince，gallantlyfightingattheheadofhissubjectsto
　　avengethewrongsofhisfamily；toretrievethetotteringpowerof
　　hisline；andtodeliverhisnativelandfromtheoppressionof
　　usurpingstrangers。
　　Theprojectofawideandsimultaneousrevolt，ifsuchhadreally
　　beenformed，wasworthyofacapaciousmind，and，haditnotbeen
　　prematurelydiscovered，mighthavebeenoverwhelminginits
　　consequences。Thewarthatactuallybrokeoutwasbutawarofdetail，
　　ameresuccessionofcasualexploitsandunconnectedenterprises。
　　Stillitsetsforththemilitarygeniusanddaringprowessof
　　Philip；andwherever，intheprejudicedandpassionatenarrationsthat
　　havebeengivenofit，wecanarriveatsimplefacts，wefindhim
　　displayingavigorousmind，afertilityofexpedients，acontemptof
　　sufferingandhardship，andanunconquerableresolution，that
　　commandoursympathyandapplause。
　　DrivenfromhispaternaldomainsatMountHope，hethrewhimself
　　intothedepthsofthosevastandtracklessforeststhatskirtedthe
　　settlements，andwerealmostimpervioustoanythingbutawildbeast，
　　oranIndian。Herehegatheredtogetherhisforces，likethestorm
　　accumulatingitsstoresofmischiefinthebosomofthethundercloud，
　　andwouldsuddenlyemergeatatimeandplaceleastexpected，carrying
　　havocanddismayintothevillages。Therewerenowandthen
　　indicationsoftheseimpendingravages，thatfilledthemindsofthe
　　colonistswithaweandapprehension。Thereportofadistantgunwould
　　perhapsbeheardfromthesolitarywoodland，wheretherewasknown
　　tobenowhiteman；thecattlewhichhadbeenwanderinginthewoods
　　wouldsometimesreturnhomewounded；oranIndianortwowouldbeseen
　　lurkingabouttheskirtsoftheforests，andsuddenlydisappearing；as
　　thelightningwillsometimesbeseenplayingsilentlyabouttheedge
　　ofthecloudthatisbrewingupthetempest。
　　Thoughsometimespursuedandevensurroundedbythesettlers，yet
　　Philipasoftenescapedalmostmiraculouslyfromtheirtoils，and，
　　plungingintothewilderness，wouldbelosttoallsearchor
　　inquiry，untilheagainemergedatsomefardistantquarter，laying
　　thecountrydesolate。Amonghisstrongholds，werethegreatswamps
　　ormorasses，whichextendinsomepartsofNewEngland；composedof
　　loosebogsofdeepblackmud；perplexedwiththickets，brambles，
　　rankweeds，theshatteredandmoulderingtrunksoffallentrees，
　　overshadowedbylugubrioushemlocks。Theuncertainfootingandthe
　　tangledmazesoftheseshaggywilds，renderedthemalmost
　　impracticabletothewhiteman，thoughtheIndiancouldthreadtheir
　　labyrinthswiththeagilityofadeer。Intooneofthese，thegreat
　　swampofPocassetNeck，wasPhiliponcedrivenwithabandofhis
　　followers。TheEnglishdidnotdaretopursuehim，fearingto
　　ventureintothesedarkandfrightfulrecesses，wheretheymight
　　perishinfensandmirypits，orbeshotdownbylurkingfoes。They
　　thereforeinvestedtheentrancetotheNeck，andbegantobuilda
　　fort，withthethoughtofstarvingoutthefoe；butPhilipandhis
　　warriorswaftedthemselvesonaraftoveranarmofthesea，inthe
　　deadofthenight，leavingthewomenandchildrenbehind；and
　　escapedawaytothewestward，kindlingtheflamesofwaramongthe
　　tribesofMassachusettsandtheNipmuckcountry，andthreateningthe
　　colonyofConnecticut。