LETTER：ToW。D。B。
LONDON，December30，1847
DearW。：Yourfatherleftmeonthe18thtogotoParis。Thisisthebestofallseasonsforhimtobethere，fortheMinistersarealloutoftownatChristmas，andinPariseverythingisatitsheight。Myfriendsareverykindtome——thosewhoremainintown……OnedayIdinedatSirFrancisSimpkinson’sandfoundapleasantparty。LadySimpkinsonisasisterofLadyFranklin，whomIwasverygladtomeet，asshehasbeeninAmericaandknowsmanyAmericans，Mrs。Kirklandforone……ThenIhavepassedoneeveningforthefirsttimeatMr。Tagent’s，theUnitarianclergyman，whereImetmanyoftheliterarypeoplewhoareoutofthegreatworld，andyetverydesirabletosee。
There，too，ImettheMissesCushman，CharlotteandSusan，whoattendhischurch。Iwasverymuchpleasedwithbothofthem。I
haveneverseenthemplay，buttheywillsendmealistoftheirpartsattheirnextengagementandIshallcertainlygotohearthem。TheyareofOldColonydescent（fromElderCushman），andhaveverymuchoftheNewEnglandcharacter，culture，andgoodsense。OnMondayIdinedatSirEdwardCodrington’s，theheroofNavarino，withtheMarquisandMarchionessofQueensberry，andapartyofadmiralsandnavyofficers。OnTuesdayIdinedatLadyBraye’s，wherewereMr。Rogers，Dr。Holland，SirAugustusandLadyAlbiniaFoster，formerlyBritishMinistertotheUnitedStates。HecoulddescribeOURCOURT，ashecalledit，inthetimeofMadisonandMonroe。
January1，1848
Thisevening，inadditiontomyusualmorningletterfromyourfather，Ihaveanother；anewpostalarrangementbeginningto—daywiththeNewYear。HegivesmeamostinterestingconversationhehasjustbeenhavingwithBaronvonHumboldt，whoisnowinParis。
Hesayshepouredoutadeliciousstreamofremarks，anecdotes，narratives，opinion。HefeelsgreatinterestinourMexicanaffairs，ashehasbeenmuchthere，andisaMexicanbyadoption。
Hisletter，datedthe31stDecember，says："MadamAdelaidediedatthreethismorning。"Thisdeathastonishedme，forhesawheronlyafeweveningssinceatthePalace。Shewasawomanofstrongintellectandcharacter，andherbrother，theKing，wasverymuchattachedtoherasacounsellorandfriend……Thereweremorethan100AmericanstobepresentedonNewYear’sDayatParis，and，asMadamAdelaide’sdeathtookplacewithoutaday’swarning，youcanimaginetheembroideredcoatsandfinerywhichwerelaidontheshelf。
Saturday，January7thYesterday，mydearson，IhadadelightfuldinneratthedearMissBerrys。TheydrovetothedooronThursdayandleftalittlenotetosay，"Canyouforgiveapoorsicksoulfornotcomingtoyoubefore，whenyouwereallalone，"andbeggingmetocomethenextdayatseven，todine。TherewasLadyCharlotteandLadyStuartdeRothesay，whowasmanyyearsambassadressatParis，andveryagreeable。ThentherewasDr。HollandandMr。Stanley，theunder—
SecretaryofState，etc。Intheeveningcamequiteanadditionalparty，andIpasseditmostpleasantly……YourfatherwritesthatonFridayhedinedatThiers’withMignet，Cousin，Pontois，andLordNormanby。Hesayssuchadinneris"uniqueinaman’slife。"
"Mignetisdelightful，frank，open，gay，fullofintelligence，andofthatgracewhichmakessocietycharming。"……Yourfatherto—
daygivesmesomeaccountofThiers。Heisnowfifty：herisesatfiveo’clockeverymorning，toilstilltwelve，breakfasts，makesresearches，andthengoestotheChambers。IntheeveninghealwaysreceiveshisfriendsexceptWednesdaysandThursdays，whenheattendshiswifetotheoperaandtotheAcademie。
LETTER：ToMr。andMrs。I。P。D。
LONDON，January28th，1848
MydearUncleandAunt：……LastMondayIreceived[this]notefromGeorgeSumner，whichIthoughtmightinterestyou："MydearMrs。Bancroft：IhastentocongratulateyouuponaneventmosthonorabletoMr。Bancroftandtoourcountry。ThehighesthonorwhichcanbebestowedinFranceuponaforeignerhasjustbeenconferredonhim。HewaschosenthisafternoonaCorrespondingMemberoftheInstitute。FivenameswerepresentedforthevacantchairofHistory。EveryvotebutonewasinfavorofMr。Bancroft（thatoneforMr。GroteofLondon，authorofthe’HistoryofGreece’）。AgratifyingfactinregardtothiselectionisthatitcomeswithouttheknowledgeofMr。Bancroft，andwithoutanyofthosepreliminaryvisitsonhispart，andthoseappealstoacademicianswhosevotesaredesired，thataresocommonwithcandidatesforvacanciesattheInstitute。Thehonoracquiresdoublevalueforbeingunsought，andIhaveheardwithnosmallsatisfactionseveralMembersoftheAcademycontrastthemodestreserveofMr。Bancroftwiththerestlessmanoeuvrestowhichtheyhavebeenaccustomed。Prescott，youknow，isalreadyamember，andIthinkAmericamaybesatisfiedwithtwooutofsevenofaclassofHistorywhichisselectedfromtheworld。"
LETTER：ToT。D。
LONDON，February24，1848
MydearBrother：……GreatexcitementexistsinLondonto—dayatthereceptionofthenewsfromFrance。Guizotisoverthrown，andCountMoleismadePrimeMinister。TheNationalGuardshavesidedwiththepeople，andwouldnotfireuponthem，andthatsecretoftheweaknessofthearmybeingrevealed，IdonotseewhytheLiberalpartycannotobtainalltheywantintheend。LouisPhilippehassacrificedthehappinessofFrancefortheadvancementofhisownfamily，butnationsinthenineteenth[century]havelearnedthattheywerenotmadetobetheslavesofadynasty。Mr。
BancroftdineswiththeFrenchMinisterto—day，notwithaparty，butquiteENFAMILLE，andhewilllearntherewhatthehopesandfearsoftheGovernmentare。
February25thThenewsthismorningisonlyfromAmiens，whichhasriseninsupportofFrance。TherailwaysaretornupallroundParis，topreventthepassageoftroops，andtheroadsandbarriersareallinpossessionofthepeople。AllFrancewillfollowtheleadofParis，andwhatwillbetheresultHeavenonlyknows。
LETTER：ToI。P。D。
LONDON，February26，1848
MydearUncle：……OnThursdayMr。BancroftdinedwithCountJarnac，theMinisterintheDucdeBroglie’sabsence，andhelittledreamedoftheblowawaitinghim。ThefortificationsandthearmyseemedtomaketheKingquitesecure。OnFridayMr。BancroftwenttodinewithKenyon，andIdrovetherewithhimforalittleair。
OnmyreturnCates，thebutler，salutedmewiththewondrousnewsofthedepositionandflightoftheroyalfamily，whichMr。Brodheadhadrushedupfromhisclubtoimparttous。IwasengagedtoalittlepartyatMr。Hallam’s，whereIfoundeverybodyingreatexcitement。
SundayNoonTo—dayweweretohavedinedwithBarondeRothschild，butthismorningIgotanotefromthebeautifulbaroness，sayingthathersister—in—lawandhermotherwiththreechildren，hadjustarrivedfromParisatherhouseinthegreatestdistress，withoutachangeofclothes，andindeepanxietyabouttheBaron，whohadstayedbehind。
Ourcolleaguesalllookbewilderedandperplexedbeyondmeasure……TheEnglisharistocracyhavenoloveforLouisPhilippe，butmuchlessforarepublic，sonearathand，andeverybodyseemedperplexedanduneasy。
TuesdayOnSundaytheDucdeNemoursarrivedattheFrenchEmbassy，andMondaythepoorDuchessdeMontpensier，theinnocentcauseofallthetrouble。NooneknowswheretheDuchessdeNemoursandheryoungchildrenare，andtheKingandQueenareentirelymissing。Atonemomentitisreportedthatheisdrowned，andthen，again，atBrussels。
WednesdayTo—daytheFrenchEmbassyhavereceiveddespatchesannouncingthenewgovernment，andCountJarnachasimmediatelyresigned。ThismadeitimpossiblefortheDucdeNemoursandtheDuchessdeMontpensiertoremainattheEmbassy，andtheyfellbyinheritancetoMr。VandeWeyer，whoseQueenisLouisPhilippe’sdaughter。TheQueenhastakenLouisPhilippe’sdaughter，PrincessClementine，whomarriedPrinceAugustedeSaxe—CoburgtothePalace，butforStatePolicy’ssakeshecandonothingabouttheothers。Mr。VandeWeyerofferedMr。Bates’splaceofEastSheen，whichwasmostgratefullyaccepted。
FridayThismorningcameThackeray，whoisthesoulofPUNCH，andshowedmeapiecehehadwrittenforthenextnumber。
SaturdayTheKinghasarrived。WhatacrossingoftheChannel，pea—jacket，woollencomforter，andall!Theflightisaperfectcomedy，andifPUNCHhadtriedtoinventanythingmoreludicrous，itwouldhavefailed。Panic，despotism，andcowardice。
Thesethingsaremuchmoreexcitingherethanacrossthewater。Wearesonearthesceneofactionandeverybodyhasamorepersonalinteresthereinallthesematters。Thewholeweekhasbeenlikealongplay，andnow，onSaturdaynight，Iwantnothingbutrepose。
Whatadreamitmustbetothechiefactors!TheQueen，whoisalwaysgoodandnoble，wasaversetosuchignominiousflight；shepreferredstayingandtakingwhatcame，andifMadamAdelaidehadlived，theywouldneverhavemadesucha[wordundecipherable]
figure。Herprideandcouragewouldhaveinspiredthem。WithherseemedtoflyLouisPhilippe’sstar，asNapoleon’swithJosephine……Mr。EmersonhasjustcometoLondonandwegivehimadinneronTuesday，the14th。Severalpersonswishmuchtoseehim，andMoncktonMilnesreviewedhiminBLACKWOOD。
LETTER：ToW。D。B。
LONDON，March11，1848
DearW。：……YesterdaywedinedatLordLansdowne’s。AmongtheguestswereM。andMadamVandeWeyer，andMrs。Austin，thetranslatress，whohasbeendrivenoverherefromParis，whereshehasresidedforseveralyears。SheisavehementfriendofGuizot’s，thoughabitteraccuserofLouisPhilippe，buthowcantheybeseparated？Sheinterestsherselfstronglynowinallhisarrangements，andisassistinghisdaughterstoformtheirhumbleestablishment。Heandhisdaughterstogetherhaveabouteighthundredpoundsayear，andthatinLondonispoverty。TheyhavetakenasmallhouseinBromptonSquare，alittleoutoftown，andoneofthosesuburban，unfashionableregionswherethemostaccommodationscanbehadattheleastprice。WhatachangeforthosewhohavewitnessedtheiralmostregalreceptionsinParis!
Theyoungladiesbearverysweetlyalltheirreverses……Guizot，himself，Ihear，isasFIERasever，andalmostgay。PrincessdeLievenishereatthe"Clarendon，"andtheirfriendshipisasgreatasever。
March15thYesterdaywehadanagreeabledinneratourownhouse。Macaulay，Milman，LordMorpethandMoncktonMilneswereallmostcharming，andweladieslistenedwitheagerears。Conversationwasnevermoreinterestingthanjustnow，inthisgreatcrisisoftheworld’saffairs。Mr。Emersonwashereandseemedtoenjoy[it]much。
Friday，March17thThingslookratherdarkerinFrance，butweoughtnottoexpectarepublictobeestablishedwithoutsomedifficulties……YoucannotjudgeofthestateofFrance，however，throughthemediumoftheEnglishnewspapers，for，ofcourse，Englishsympathiesareallentirelyagainstit。TheyneverlikeFrance，andarepublicofanykindstillless。ApeacefulandprosperousrepublicintheheartofEuropewouldbemoredeprecatedthanastateofanarchy。ThediscussionofFrenchmattersrevealstomeeverymomentthedeeprepugnanceoftheEnglishtorepublicaninstitutions。Itletsinaworldoflightuponopinionsandfeelings，which，otherwise，wouldnothavebeendiscoveredbyme。
Sunday，March19thYesterdaywebreakfastedatMrs。Milman’s。Iwastheonlylady，buttherewereMacaulay，Hallam，LordMorpeth，and，aboveall，CharlesAustin，whomIhadnotseenbefore，asheneverdinesout，butwhoisthemoststrikingtalkerinEngland。Hehasmadeafortunebythelawinthelastfewyears，whichgiveshimanincomeof8，000
pounds。HehasthegreatrailroadcaseswhichcomebeforetheHouseofLords……OnTuesdaycameaflyingreportofarevolutioninBerlin，butnoonebelievedit。Weconcludeditratheraspeculationofthenewsmen，whoarehawkingrevolutionsaftereverymailinsecondandthirdeditions。WeweregoingthateveningtoaSOIREEatBunsen’s，whomwefoundcheerfulaseverandfearingnoevil。OnMondaythenewsoftherevolutioninAustriaproducedagreatersensationeventhanFrance，foritwastheverypivotofconservatism……OnThursdayIreceivedtheletterfromA。ateightA。M。，whichIenclosetoyou。ItgivesanaccountoftherevolutioninBerlin。
LETTER：ToT。D。
March31
Theoldworldisundergoingacompletereorganization，andisunfoldingarapidseriesofeventsmoreastonishingthananythinginhistory。Whereitwillstop，andwhatwillbeitsresults，nobodycantell。Royaltyhascertainlynotaddedtoitsrespectabilitybyitsconductinitstimeoftrial。Sincethelaststeamerwent，ItalyhasshakenofftheAustrianyoke，DenmarkhaslostherGermanprovinces，Polandhasrisen，orisabouttorise，whichwillbringRussiathunderingdownuponLiberalEurope……OurwholeDiplomaticCorpsarecertainly"inafix，"andwearereallytheonlymembersofitwhohaveanyreasontobequiteatease。TwoorthreehavebeencalledhometobeMinistersofForeignAffairs，astheyhavelearnedsomethingofconstitutionallibertyinEngland。
Englandis，asyet，allquiet，andIhopewillkeepso，buttheChartistsareatworkandIrelandisfullofinflammablematter。
ButEnglanddoesloveherinstitutions，andisjustlyproudoftheircomparativefreedom，andlongmaysheenjoythem……OnSundayMr。EmersondinedwithuswithLadyMorganandMrs。Jameson——theauthoress。OnMondayItookhimtoalittlepartyatLadyMorgan’s。
Hisworksareagooddealknownhere。Ihavegreatpleasureinseeingsooldafriendsofarfromhome……Ithinkweshallhaveveryfewofourcountrymenoutthisspring，astravellingEuropeissouncertain，witheverythingincommotion。ThosewhoarepassingthewinterinItalyarequiteshutinatpresent，andifwarbegins，nooneknowswhereitwillspread。
LETTER：ToW。D。B。
LONDON，April7，1848……OnWednesdaywehadanagreeabledinneratMrs。MilnerGibson’s。Mr。andMrs。Disraeli，Mr。andMrs。Sheridan（brotherofMrs。Norton），etc。，wereamongtheguests。AfterdinnerIhadaverylongtalkwithDisraeli。Heis，youknow，oftheultraTorypartyhere，andlooksattheContinentalmovementsfromthedarkestpointofview。HecannotadmitasapossibilitytherenovationofEuropeansocietyuponmoreliberalprinciples，andconsidersitasthecompletedissolutionofEuropeancivilizationwhichwill，likeAsia，soonpresentbuttheashesofaburnt—outflame。Thisismostatheistic，godless，andun—christiandoctrine，andhecannothimselfbelieveit。Theartofprintingandtherapiddisseminationofthoughtchangesallthesethingsinourdays。
LETTER：ToI。P。D。
April10
Thisisthedayofthe"GreatChartistMeeting，"whichhasterrifiedallLondontothelastdegree，Ithinkmostneedlessly。ThecityandtownisatthismomentstillerthanIhaveeverknownit，fornotacarriagedarestobeout。Nothingistobeseenbuta"specialconstable"（everygentlemaninLondonisswornintothatoffice），occasionallysomeonfoot，someonhorseback，scouringthestreets。ItookadriveearlythismorningwithMr。Bancroft，andnothingcouldbelessliketheeveofarevolution。Thisevening，whenthepetitionistobepresented，maybringsomedisturbance，notfromtheChartiststhemselves，butfromthedisorderlypersonswhomayavailthemselvesoftheoccasion。TheQueenlefttownonSaturdayfortheIsleofWight，asshehadsolatelybeenconfineditwasfearedherhealthmightsufferfromanyagitation……I
passedalongtrainofartilleryonSaturdayeveningcomingintotown，whichwasthemostearnestlookingthingIhaveseen……
To—dayweweretohavedinedatMrs。Mansfield’s，butherdinnerwaspostponedfromthegreatalarmabouttheChartists。ThereisnottheslightestdangerofarevolutioninEngland。Theuppermiddle—
class，whichonthecontinentisentirelywiththepeople，theprofessionalandmercantileclass，ishereentirelyconservative，andwithoutthatclassnogreatchangescaneverbemade。TheDucdeMontebellosaidofFrance，thathe"knewtherewerelavastreamsbelow，buthedidnotknowthecrustwassothin。"Here，onthecontrary，thecrustisverythick。AndyetIcanseeinthemostconservativecirclesthatafeelingisgaininggroundthatsomeconcessionsmustbemade。Anenlargementofthesuffrageonehearsnowoftendiscussedas，perhaps，anapproachingnecessity。
Friday，April14
ThedayoftheChartistspassedoffwithmostridiculousquiet，andthegovernmentisstrongerthanever……IftheAlienBillpasses，ourAmericanfriendsmustmindtheirp’sandq’s，foriftheypraisethe"modelrepublic"tooloudly，theymaybepackedoffatanytime，particularlyiftheyhave"longbeards，"foritseemstobeanaxiomherethatbeards，mustaches，andbarricadesarecousins—germanatleast……Mr。BancroftgoestoParisonMonday，the17th，topasstheEasterholidays。Hewillgoonwithhismanuscripts，andatthesametimewitnesstheelectionsandmeetingoftheConvention。
LETTER：ToW。D。B。
LONDON，April19，1848
DearW。：……To—dayIhavedrivendowntoRichmondtolunchwithMrs。Drummond，whoispassingEasterholidaysthere。OncominghomeIfoundaletterfromMr。BancroftfromwhichIwillmakesomeextracts，ashehasthebestsourcesofknowledgeinParis。"ThenI
wenttoMignet，who，youknow，ispoliticallythefriendofThiers。
HepointedouttometheconditionofFrance，anddrewformeapictureofwhatitwasandofthechange。IbegintoseethedifferencebetweenFranceandus。HeretheyareaccustomedtoBE
governed。WEareaccustomedtoGOVERN。HEREpowermaybeseizedandexercised，ifexercisedinasatisfactorymanner；withusthefoundationofpower，itsconstitutionalityandthelegalityofitsactsarecanvassedandanalyzed。Hereanunpopularityismadeawaywithbyarevolution，andyouknowhowWEdealwithit。Thus，power，ifinfavor，maydareanything，andifoutoffavorislittlelikelytobeforgiven。"……"OurfathershadtounitethethirteenStates；heretheyhaveunityenoughandrunnoriskbutfromtheexcessofit。Myhopesarenotlessthantheywere，butallthatFranceneedsmaynotcomeatonce。Wewerefourteenyearsinchangingourconfederationintoaunion，perhapsFrancecannotbeexpectedtojumpatonceintoperfectlegislationorperfectforms。
Crudeideasareafloat，butastoCommunism，itisalreadyexploded，orwillbebrushedawayfromlegislativepowerassoonastheNationalAssemblymeets，thoughthequestionofamelioratingtheconditionofthelaboringclassismoreandmoreengagingthepublicmind。"……"IspentanhourwithCousin，theMinisterofamorning。Hegavemesketchesofmanyoftheleadingmenofthesetimes，andImadehimdetailtomehesceneofLouisPhilippe’sabdication，whichtookplaceinamannerquitedifferentfromwhatI
hadheardinLondon。"……"Cousin，bytheway，saysthattheDucdeNemoursthroughout，behavedexceedinglywell。ThencetotheClubdelaNouvelleRepublique。DidnotthinkmuchofthespeakingwhichIheard。FromtheclubIwenttoThiers，whereIfoundCousinandMignetandoneortwomore。SomechangesinceImethim。Aleaderofopposition，thenaprimeminister，andnowleftagroundbytheshiftingtide。"……"EverybodyhasgivenupLouisPhilippe，everybodyconsidersthenonsenseofLouisBlancasdrawingtoitsclose。ThedelegatesfromPariswillfullhalfbeUNIVERSALLY
acceptable。Three—fourthsoftheprovincialdelegateswillbeMODERATErepublicans。Thepeoplearenotinapassion。Theygoquietlyenoughabouttheirbusinessofconstructingnewinstitutions。Ledru—Rollin，LouisBlanc，andFlocontriedtoleadthewaytoill，butLamartine，whoseheroismpassesbeliefandactivitypasseshumanpower，wonthevictoryoverthem，foundhimselfonSunday，andagainyesterday，sustainedbyallParis，andhasnotonlyconqueredbutCONCILIATEDthem，andeverybodyisnowfirmlyofopinionthattheRepublicwillbeestablishedquietly。"……"Butwhiletherearenodifficultiesfromthedisorderlybutwhatcaneasilybeovercome，thewantofrepublicanandpoliticalexperience，combinedwithvanityandself—relianceandidealism，maythrowimpedimentsinthewayofwhatthewisestwish，VIZ。，twoelectedchambersandapresident。"
LETTER：ToW。D。B。
LONDON，May5，1848
MydearW。：……Lastevening，Thursday，wewenttoseeJennyLind，onherfirstappearancethisyear。Shewasreceivedwithenthusiasm，andtheQueenstillmoreso。ItwasthefirsttimetheQueenhadbeenattheoperasincethebirthofherchild，andsincetherepublicanspiritwasabroad，andloyaltyburstoutinfullforce。Nowloyaltyisverynovel，andpleasanttowitness，touswhohaveneverknownit。
LONDON，May31，1848……Nowformyjournal，whichhasgonelamelyonsincethe24thofFebruary。TheQueen’sBallwastotakeplacetheeveningonwhichI
closedmylastletter。Mydresswasawhitecrepeoverwhitesatin，withflouncesofHonitonlaceloopedupwithpinktuberoses。A
wreathoftuberosesandbouquetforthecorsage。Wehadticketssentustogothroughthegardenandsetdownataprivatedoor，whichsaveswaitinginthelonglineofcarriagesforyourturn。
TheDiplomaticCorpsarrangethemselvesinalinenearthedooratwhichtheQueenentersthesuiteofrooms，whichwasattenprecisely。Shepassesthrough，curtseyingandbowingverygracefully，untilshereachesthethroneinthenextroom，wheresheandtheDuchessofCambridge，theDuchessofSaxe—Weimarandherdaughters，whoarehereonavisit，etc。，sitdown，whilePrinceAlbert，thePrinceofPrussiaandothersprigsofroyaltystandnear。Thedancingsoonbeganinfrontofthecanopy，buttheQueenherselfdidnotdanceonaccountofhermourningforPrinceAlbert’sgrandmother。Therewasanotherbandanddancinginotherroomsatthesametime。AfterseeingseveraldancesheretheQueenandhersuitemovebytheflourishoftrumpetstoanotherroom，theguestsformingalaneasshepasses，bowingandsmiling。Afterwardshemadeasimilarprogresstosupper，herhouseholdofficersmovingbackwardsbeforeher，andherladiesandroyalrelativesandfriendsfollowing。Athalf—pastoneHerMajestyretiredandtheguestsdeparted，suchasdidnothavetowaittwohoursfortheircarriages。OnSaturdaywewentattwototheFETEofflowersatChiswick，andathalf—pastsevendinedatLordMonteagle’stomeetMonsieurandMademoiselleGuizot。Hehasthefinestheadintheworld，buthispersonisshortandinsignificant。
OnWednesdaywedinedatLadyChantrey’stomeetacharmingparty。
AfterwardwewenttoamagnificentballattheDukeofDevonshire’s，withallthegreatworld。OnFridaywewenttoFaraday’slectureattheRoyalInstitution。WewentinwiththeDukeandDuchessofNorthumberland，andIsatbyherduringthelecture。OnSaturdaywastheQueen’sBirthdayDrawing—Room……Mr。BancroftdinedatLordPalmerston’swithallthediplomats，andIwentintheeveningwithasmallpartyofladies。Oncominghomewedroveroundtoseethebrilliantbirthdayilluminations。ThefirstpieceofintelligenceIheardatLadyPalmerston’swasthedeathofthePrincessSophia，aneventwhichisahappyreleaseforher，forshewasblindandagreatsufferer。Ithasoverturnedallcourtfestivities，ofcourse，forthepresent，andputsusallindeepmourning，whichisnotveryconvenientjustnow，inthebrilliantseason，andwhenwehadallourdressarrangementsmade。TheQueenwastohaveaconcertto—night，adrawing—roomnextFriday，andaballonthe16th，whicharealldeferred……IforgottosaythatIgotanotefromMissCouttsonSunday，askingmetogowithherthenextdaytoseetheChinesejunk，soatthreethenextdaywerepairedtoherhouse。Hersisters（MissBurdetts）andMr。Rogerswerealltheparty。AtthejunkforthefirsttimeIsawMetternichandthePrincess，hiswife。
LETTER：ToW。D。B。
LONDON，June29，1848
MydearW。：……WhenIlastleftoffIwasgoingtodineatMissCoutts’stomeettheDuchessofCambridge。Thepartywasbrilliant，includingtheDukeofWellington，LordandLadyDouro，LadyJerseyandthebeautifulLadyClementinaVilliers，herdaughter，etc。Whenroyalpeoplearriveeverybodyrisesandremainsstandingwhiletheystand，andiftheyapproachyouorlookatyou，youmustperformthelowestof"curtsies。"ThecourtesymadetoroyaltyisveryliketheoneIwastaughttomakewhenalittlegirlatMissTuft’sschoolinPlymouth。Onesinksdowninsteadofsteppingbackindancing—schoolfashion。AfterdinnertheDuchesswaspleasedtostanduntilthegentlemenrejoinedus；ofcourse，wemustallstand……ThenextdaywedinedattheLordMayor’stomeettheMinisters。Thiswasamostinterestingaffair。WehadallthepeculiarceremonieswhichI
describedtoyoulastautumn，butinadditionthepartywasmostdistinguished，andwehadspeechesfromLordLansdowne，LordPalmerston，LordJohn，LordAuckland，SirGeorgeGrey，etc。
LETTER：ToW。D。B。
LONDON，July21，1848
IwastrulygrievedthatthelaststeamershouldgotoBostonwithoutalinefromme，butIwasinYorkshireandyoumustforgiveme……Ileftoffwiththe26thofJune……ThenexteveningwastheQueen’sConcert，whichwasmostcharming。IsatveryneartheDukeofWellington，whooftenspoketomebetweenthesongs……ThenextdaywewentwithMissCouttstoherbank，lunchedthere，andwentalloverthebuilding。ThenwewenttotheTowerandtheTunneltogether，sheneverhavingseeneither。SoignorantaretheWestEndpeopleofcitylions……AndnowcomesmypleasantYorkshireexcursion。WeleftLondon，athalf—pastthree，atdistanceof180miles。ThiswasSaturday，July8。AtYorkwefoundMr。HudsonreadytoreceiveusandconductustoaspecialtrainwhichtookuseighteenmilesonthewaytoNewbyPark，andtherewefoundcarriagestotakeusfourmilestoourdestination。WemetatdinnerandfoundourpartytoconsistoftheDukeofRichmond，LordLonsdale，LordGeorgeBentinck，LordIngestre，LordJohnBeresford，LadyWebster，whosehusband，nowdead，wasthesonofLadyHolland，twoorthreeagreeabletalkerstofillin，andourselves。
TuesdayLadyWebster，Mr。Bancroft，andmyself，wenttoCastleHoward，asLordMorpethhadwrittentohismotherthatweweretobethereandwouldlunchwithher。CastleHowardistwenty—fivemilestheothersideofYork，whichisitselftwenty—fivemilesfromNewby。ButwhatisfiftymileswhenoneisunderthewingoftheRailwayKingandcanhaveaspecialengineatone’sdisposal。OnarrivingattheCastleHowardstationwefoundLordCarlisle’scarriagewithfourhorsesandmostvenerablecoachmanwaitingtoreceiveus。WeentertheParkalmostimmediately，butitisaboutfourmilestotheCastle，throughmanygates，whichwehadmountedfootmenopenforus。LadyCarlislereceivedusinthemostdelightfulmanner……
IwasdelightedtoseeLordMorpeth’shomeandhismother，whoseldomnowgoestoLondon。ShewasthedaughterofthebeautifulDuchessofDevonshire，andtookmeintoherowndressing—roomtoshowmeherpicture……OnWednesdaywewentintoYorktowitnessthereceptionofPrinceAlbert，toseetheruinsofSt。Mary’sAbbey，theFlowerShow，tolunchwiththeLordMayor，andaboveall，toattendprayersintheMinisterandhearanobleanthem。TheCathedralwascrowdedwithstrangersandagreatmanyfromLondon。
Thenextdaywasthedayofthegreatdinner，andIsendyouthePOSTcontainingMr。Bancroft’sspeech。Itwaswarmlyadmiredbyallwhoheardit。
AttenatnightweladiessetoutforYorktogo[to]theLordMayor’sBall，wherethegentlemenweretomeetusfromthedinner。
Everybodyflockedroundtocongratulatemeuponyourfather’sspeech。EvenPrinceAlbert，whenIwasleduptomakemycurtsey，offeredmehishand，whichisagreatcourtesyinroyalty，andspokeofthegreatbeautyandeloquenceofMr。B。’sspeech。ThePrincesoonwentaway：theLordMayortookmedowntosupperandIsatbetweenhimandtheDukeofRichmondatthehightablewhichwentacrosstheheadofthehall。Guildhallisabeautifuloldroomwithafineoldtraceriedwindow，andthescene，withfivetablesgoingthelengthofthehallandtheupperoneacrossthehead，wasverygayandbrilliant。Therewereafewtoasts，andyourfatheragainmadealittlespeech，shortandpleasant。Wedidnotgethometillhalf—pastthreeinthemorning……OnFridaymorning[July14th]
manyoftheguests，theDukeofRichmond，etc。，tooktheirdepartureandMr。HudsonhadtoescortPrinceAlberttotown，butreturnedthesameevening……ThenextdayweallwenttopayavisittoanestateofMr。Hudson’s[nameofestateindecipherable]forwhichhepaidfivehundredthousandpoundstotheDukeofDevonshire……
ItisnoblysituatedintheYorkshirewolds，afinerangeofhills，andoverlookingthevalleyoftheHumber，whichwasinterestingtome，asitwastheriverwhichourPilgrimfatherssaileddownandlayintheWashatitsmouth，awaitingtheirpassagetoHolland。
Theycame，ourPlymouthfathers，mostlyfromLincolnshireandtheregionwhichlaybelowus。Ithoughtofthem，andthesceneoftheirsufferingswasmoreennobledinmyeyes，fromtheirremembrancethanfromthenoblemansionsandrichestateswhichfeasttheeye。
OnMondaymorningweleftNewbyforYorkonourwayhome。Itsohappenedthatthejudgesweretoopenthecourtthatverymorning，onwhichoccasiontheyalwaysbreakfastwiththeLordMayorintheirscarletrobesandwigs，theLordMayorandaldermenarealsointheirfurredscarletrobesandtheLadyMayoresspresentsthejudgeswithenormousbouquetsoftherichestflowers。Wewereinvitedtothisbreakfast，andIfounditveryentertaining。IwasnexttheHighSheriff，whowasverydesirousthatweshouldstayafewhoursandgotothecastleandseethecourtopenedandlistentoacaseortwo。TheHighSheriffofacountyisagreatcharacterandhasacarriageandliveriesasgrandastheQueen’s。AfterbreakfastwebadeadieutoourYorkfriends，andsetoffwithourbigbouquets（forthedistributionwasextendedtous）forhome。
LETTER：ToT。D。
LONDON，August9，1848
MydearBrother：……OnSaturdaywesetoffforNuneham，themagnificentseatofthelateArchbishopofYork，nowinpossessionofhiseldestson，Mr。GranvilleHarcourt……TheguestsbesidesourselveswereSirRobertandLadyPeel，LordandLadyVilliers，LordandLadyNorreys，LordHarryVane，etc。WeconsidereditagreatprivilegetobestayinginthesamehousewithSirRobertPeel，andIhadalsothepleasureofsittingbyhimatdinnerallthethreedayswewerethere。Hewasfullofconversationofthebestkind。Mr。DenisonandLadyCharlotte，hiswife，werealsoofourparty。ShewasthedaughteroftheDukeofPortlandandsisterofLordGeorgeBentinck，SirRobert’sgreatantagonistintheHouse。
OnSundaymorningweattendedtheprettylittlechurchontheestatewhichwithitsparsonageisapleasingobjectonthegrounds。ThenextdaythewholepartyweretakentoBlenheim，theseatofthefamousDukeofMarlborough，builtattheexpenseofthecountry。
Thegroundsareexquisite，butIwasmostcharmedbythecollectionofpictures。HerewerethefinestVandykes，Rubens，andSirJoshuaReynoldswhichIhaveseen。SirRobertPeelisagreatconnoisseurinartandseemedhighlytoenjoythem。Altogetheritwasatrulydelightfulday：thedriveoffifteenmilesinopencarriages，andthroughOxford，beingofitselfahighpleasure。YesterdaywereturnedtoLondon，andonThursdaywesetoutforScotland。
LETTER：ToMr。andMrs。I。P。D。
EDINBURGH，August16，1848
MydearUncleandAunt：……OfEdinburghIcannotsayenoughtoexpressmyadmiration。TheCastleRock，Arthur’sSeat，SalisburyCraigsandCaltonHillareallseparateandfinemountainsand，withtheFrithofForth，theoceanandtheoldpicturesquetown，makeanassemblageoffineobjectsthatIhaveseennowhereelse。Mr。
Rutherford，theLordAdvocate，whoisoftheMinistry，hadwrittentohisfriendsthatwewerecoming，andseveralgentlemencamebybreakfasttimethenextmorning。Mr。Gordon，hisnephew，marriedthedaughterofProf。Wilson，andinvitedustodinethatdaytomeettheprofessor，etc……WedroveoutafterbreakfastintothecountrytoHawthornden，formerlytheresidenceofDrummondthepoet，andtoLordRoslin’sgrounds，wherearetheruinsofRoslinCastleandaboveall，oftheRoslinChapel……AfterlingeringandadmiringlongwereturnedtoEdinburghjustinseasonfordinneratMr。Gordon’s，wherewefoundProf。Wilson，andanotherdaughterandson，Mrs。Rutherford，wifeoftheLordAdvocate，andCapt。
Rutherford，hisbrother，withhiswife。WehadaveryagreeableeveningandengagedtodinethereagainquiteENFAMILLE，withonlytheprofessor，whoseconversationisdelightful。
ThenextmorningwewentouttoCraigcrook，LordJeffrey’scountryseat，toseeandlunchwithhim。Hewasconfinedtohiscouch……Heisseventy—threeorseventy—four，butlooksnotaminuteolderthanfifty。Hehasafineheadandforehead，andmostagreeableandcourteousmanners，ratheroftheoldschool。Ashecouldnotrisetoreceivemehekissedmyhand。Mrs。Jeffreyisanintelligentandagreeablewomanbuthasbeenmuchoutofhealththelastyear。ShewasMissWilkesofNewYork，youknow。Thehousewasanoldcastellatedandfortifiedhouse，andwithmodernadditionsisamostbeautifulresidence。Capt。RutherfordtoldmethatwhenhereceivedtheLordAdvocate’sletterannouncingthatwewerecoming，hewenttoseeLordJeffreytoknowifhewouldbewellenoughtoseeus，andheexpressedthestrongestadmirationforMr。Bancroft’swork。
Thismayhavedisposedthemtoreceiveuswiththecordialitywhichmadeourvisitsoagreeable。Mr。Empson，hisson—in—lawandthepresidenteditoroftheEdinburghReview，wasstayingthere，andaftertalkingtwohourswithLordandMrs。Jeffreywetookwithhimawalkinthegroundsfromwhicharedelightfulandcommandingviewsofthewholeenvirons，andneverwereenvironssobeautiful。
LETTER：ToW。D。B。
TARBETONLOCHLOMOND，August28，1848
DearW……BeingdetainedherebyrainthismorningIdevoteittoyouandtomyjournal……ThenextdaywasSundaybuttheweatherbeingfineweconcludedtocontinueourjourney，andfollowedtheTayseeingBirnamWoodandDunsinaneonourwayuptoDunkeld，neartowhichisthefineseatoftheDukeofAthol。Wetookadelightfulwalkinthebeautifulgrounds，andwentontoBlairAtholtosleep。ThisisthechiefresidenceoftheDukeofAtholandhehashereanotherhouseandgroundsveryprettythoughnotasextensiveasthoseatDunkeld……WhentheinnkeeperfoundwhowewereheinsistedonsendingamessagetotheDukewhosentdownanordertoustodriveupGlenTiltandmetustherehimself。
WeenteredthroughtheParkandfolloweduptheTilt。NothingcouldbemorewildthanthisnarrowwindingpasswhichwefollowedforeightmilestillwecametotheDuke’sforestlodge。HerewerewaitingforusamostpicturesquegroupinfullHighlanddress：theheadstalker，theheadshepherd，thekennelkeeperswiththeirdogsinleashes，thepiper，etc。，etc。TheytoldusthattheDukehadsentupwordthatwewerecomingandhewouldsoonbetherehimself。
InafewmomentsheappearedalsoinfullHighlandcostumewithbareknees，kilt，philibeg，etc。Hetoldushehadthenonthesemountains15，000headofdear，andthoughtwemightliketoseeaSTART，asitiscalled。Theheadstalkertoldhim，however，thatthewindhadchangedwhichaffectsthescent，andthatnothingcouldbedonethatday。TheDuketriedtomakeusamendsbymakingsomeofhispeoplesingusGaelicsongsandshowussomeoftheathleticHighlandgames。Thelittlelodgehealsowentoverwithus，andsaidthattheDuchesscamethereandlivedsixorsevenweeksintheautumn，andthattheDukeandDuchessofBuccleuchrenteditformanyyearswhilehewasaminor。Ifyoucouldseethetinylittlerooms，youwouldbeastonishedtofindwhattheloveofsportcandoforthesepeoplewhopossessactualpalaces。
Afterdiningagainuponsalmonandgrouseattheprettylittleinn，wetookapostchaisetogoontoTaymouth，alittlevillageadjoiningLordBreadalbane’splace。Wedidnotarriveattheinntillaftereightandfounditcompletelyfull……Weweresenttotheschoolmaster’stosleepinthesmallestoflittlerooms，withagreatclockwhichtickedandstrucksoloudthatwewereobligedtosilenceit，tothegreatbewilderment，Idaresay，ofthescholarsthenextday。Beforewewereinbed，therewasaknockatthedoor，whichprovedtobefromLordBreadalbane’sbutler，tosaythathehadbeencommissionedtoenquirewheneverwearrivedattheinn，ashisLordshiphadheardthatwewereinScotlandandwishedustomakethemavisit。
NextmorningbeforewewereupcameanotefromLordBreadalbaneurgingustocomeimmediatelytotheCastle……TaymouthCastle，thoughnotmorethanfiftyyearsold，hastheairofanoldfeudalcastle……Aswewereusheredupthemagnificentstaircasethroughfirstalargeantechamber，thenthroughasuperbhallwithloftyceilingglowingwitharmorialbearings，andwiththemostlightanddelicatecarvingoneverypartoftheoakenpanelling，thenthroughalonggallery，ofheaviercarvingfilledwithfineoldcabinets，intothelibrary，itseemedtomethatthewholeCastlewasoneofthosemagicaldelusionsthatonereadsofinFairyTales，sostrangediditseemtofindsuchprincelymagnificenceallaloneamidsuchwildandsolitaryscenes。Ihadalwaysthefeelingthatitwouldsuddenlyvanish，atsomewaveofanenchanter’swand，asitmusthavearisenalso。ThelibraryisbyfarthefinestroomIeversaw。ItswindowsandarchesanddoorwaysareallofafinecarvedGothicopenworkaslightasgossamer。Onedoorwhichhelatelyaddedcostathousandpounds，thedooralone，notthedoorway，soyoucanjudgeoftheexquisiteworkmanship。HereLadyBreadalbanejoinedus，whomIhadneverbeforemet……Duringdinnerthepiperinfullcostumewasplayingthepibrochinagalleryoutsidethewindow，andafterhehaddoneaband，alsoinfullHighlanddress，playedsomeoftheItalian，GermanaswellasScotchmusic，atjustanagreeabledistance。IhaveseennothinginEnglandwhichcomparesinsplendorwiththestatewhichiskeptuphere。
WepassedWednesdayandThursdayheremostagreeably，andwerodeorwalkedduringthewholedays。LordBreadalbane，bytheway，hasjustbeenappointedLordHighChamberlaintotheQueeninplaceofLordSpencer。IamgladofthisbecausewearebroughtoftenincontactwiththeLordChamberlain，butitisverystrangetomethatamanwholiveslikeaking，andthroughwhosedominionswetravelledahundredmilesfromtheGermanOceantotheAtlantic，canbeChamberlaintoanyQueen。Thesefeudalsubordinationswerepublicanscannotunderstand……WestoppedatthelittletownofOban。Afterreadingourlettersandgettingadinner，wewentoutjustbeforesunsetforawalk。
WewishedmuchtoseetheruinsofDunolly。Wepassedtheporter’slodgeandfoundourselvesdirectlyinthemostpicturesquegroundsontheveryshoreoftheoceanandwiththeWesternIslandslyingbeforeus。Mr。Bancroftsentinhiscard，whichbroughtoutinstantlythekeytotheoldcastle，andinafewmomentsCapt。
MacDougalandMr。Phipps，abrotherofLordNormanby’s，joinedus。
Theypointedouttheinterestingpointsinthelandscape，theCastleofArdtornish，thesceneofLordoftheIsles，etc。，inadditiontothefineoldruinwecametosee。Welingeredtillthelighthouseshadbeguntoglow，andIwasremindedverymuchofthesceneryatWood’sHole，whichIusedtoenjoysomuch，onlythatcouldnotboasttheassociationwithpoetryandfeudalromance。Wethenwentintothehouse，andfoundacharmingdomesticcircleinfulleveningdresswithshortsleeves，sothatmygraytravellingcloakandstrawbonnetwereratheroutofplace。HerewereMrs。Phipps，andMissCampbell，hersister，daughtersofSirColinCampbell，andtomygreatdelight，CaptainMacDougalbroughtoutthegreatbroochofLorn，whichhisancestorwonfromBruceandthestoryofwhichyouwillfindintheLordoftheIsles。ItfastenedtheScotchPlaid，andislargerthanateacup。HedescribedtomethereverentialwayinwhichScotttookitinbothhandswhenheshowedittohim。Thewholeeveningwaspleasantandthemoresofrombeingunexpected……OnelittlethingwhichaddsalwaystothecharmofScotchsceneryisthedressofthepeasantry。OneneverseestherealHighlandcostume，buteveryshepherdhashisplaidslungoveroneshoulder，makingthemostgracefuldrapery。This，withtheuniversalGlengarrybonnet，isverypretty。
AtGlasgowweintendedtopayavisitofadaytothehistorianAlison，butfoundlettersannouncingGovernorDavis’sarrivalinLondonwithMr。Corcoranandimmediatelyturnedourfaceshomeward。
Weweretohavepassedaweekonourreturnamidstthelakes，andI
protestedagainstgoingbacktoLondonwithoutonelookatleast。
SowestoppedatKendalonSaturday，tookalittlecarriageovertoWindermereandAmblesideandpassedthewholeeveningwiththepoetandMrs。Wordsworth，attheirownexquisitehomeonRydalMount。Atteno’clockwewentfromtheretoMissMartineau，whohasbuilttheprettiestofhousesinthisvalleyneartoMrs。ArnoldatFoxHowe。
AswehadonlyonedaywemadeanarrangementwithMissMartineautogowithusandbeourguide，andsetoutthenextdayatsixo’clockandwentovertoKeswicktobreakfast。FromthencewewenttoBorrowdale，bythesideofDerwentwater，andafterwardtoUlswaterandhomebythefinepassofKirkstone。Onmyreturn，IfoundtheDukeandDuchessofArgylehadbeentoseeus。
ThetimeofclosingthedespatchbaghascomeandImusthurryovermydelightatthesceneryofthelakes。Icouldhavespentamonththere，muchtomymind。WearrivedhomeonMondayandearlynextmorningcameMr。DavisandMr。Corcoran。TheywenttoseetheParliamentproroguedinpersonbytheQueen。
LETTER：ToMr。andMrs。I。P。D。
LONDON，December14，1848
DearUncleandAunt：OnFridaywedinedatMr。Tufnell’s，whomarriedlastspringthedaughterofLordRosebery，LadyAnnePrimrose，avery"niceperson，"tousethefavoriteEnglishtermofpraise……SirJohnHobhousewasofourpartyandhetoldussomuchofByron，whowashisintimatefriend，asyouwillrememberfromhisLife，thatwestayedmuchlongerthanusualatdinner……OnTuesdaywewereinvitedtodinewithMissCoutts，butwereengagedtoMr。Gurney，animmenselyrichQuakerbanker，brotherofMrs。Fry。HisdaughterismarriedtoErnestBunsen，thesecondsonofourfriend。Weweredelightedwiththewholefamilyscene，whichwasquiteunlikeanythingwehaveseeninEngland。TheyliveatUptonPark，aprettycountryseatabouteightmilesfromus，andaresurroundedbytheirchildrenandgrandchildren。TheircostumeandlanguagearestrictlyQuaker，whichwasmostbecomingtoMrs。
Gurney’ssweet，placidface……LouisNapoleon’selectionseemsfixed，andistomeoneofthemostastoundingthingsoftheage。
WhenwepassedseveraldayswithhimatMr。Bates’s，Iwouldnothavegiventwostrawsforhischanceofafuturecareer。To—nightMendelssohn’s"Elijah"istobeperformed，andJennyLindsings。Wehadnotbeenabletogettickets，whichhavebeensoldforfiveguineasapiecethelastfewdays。TomygreatjoyMissCouttshasthismomentwrittenmethatshehastwoforouruse，andasksustotakeanearlydinneratfivewithherandaccompanyher。
LETTER：ToI。P。D。
LONDON，June8，1849
Ithankyou，mydearUncle，foryourpleasantletter，whichcontainedasusualmuchthatwasinterestingtome。AndsoMr。andMrs。Lawrencearetobeoursuccessors……Happyaswehavebeenhere，Ihaveagreatsatisfactionthatwearesettingratherthanrising；thatwehavedoneourwork，insteadofhavingittodo。
Likeallourpleasures，thosehereareearnedbyfatigueandeffort，andIwouldnotwillinglylivethelastthreeyearsoveragain，orthreeyearslikethem，thoughtheyhavecontainedhighandlastinggratifications。Wehaveconstantlythestrongestexpressionsofregretatourapproachingdeparture，andinmanycasesitis，I
know，mostgenuine。Myrelationsherehavebeenmostagreeable，andparticularlyinthatintellectualcirclewhosehighcharacterandculturehavemadetheirregardmostprecioustome。Themanifestationsofthiskindnessincreaseasthetimeapproachesforourgoingandweareinundatedwithinvitationsofallkinds。
YoungPrescottishere。IwishPrescottcouldhaveseenhisreceptionatLadyLovelace’stheothereveningwhentherehappenedtobeacollectionofgeniusandliterature。WhatablessingitisSOMETIMEStoasontohaveafather。
To—morrowwedinewithLordJohnRusselldownatPembrokeLodgeinRichmondPark。OnMondaywebreakfastwithMacaulay。WemethimatdinnerthisweekatLadyWaldegrave’s，andhesaid："Wouldyoubewillingtobreakfastwithmesomemorning，ifIaskedoneortwootherladies？""Willing!"Isaid，"Ishouldbedelightedbeyondmeasure。"SohesentusanoteforMondaynext。Idependuponseeinghisbachelorestablishment，hislibrary，andmodeoflife。
OnWednesdaywegotoaballatthePalace。Butitisuselesstogoon，foreverydayisfilledinthisway，andgivesyouanideaofLondonintheseason。
LETTER：ToI。P。D。
LONDON，June22，1849
MydearUncle：YesterdayIpassedoneofthemostagreeabledaysI
havehadinEnglandatOxford，whereIwentwithapartytoseeMr。
Bancrofttakehisdegree……Nothingcouldhavegoneoffbetterthanthewholething。Mr。Bancroftwentupthedaybefore，butMrs。
StuartMackenzieandherdaughter，withLadyElizabethWaldegrave，Louisa，andmyselfwentupyesterdaymorningandreturnedatnight。
WelunchedattheVice—Chancellor’s（whereMr。B。madeapleasantlittleinformalspeech）andweretreatedwithgreatkindnessbyeverybody。IwishyoucouldhaveseenMr。Bancroftwalkingroundalldaywithhisscarletgownandroundvelvetcap，suchasyouseeinoldVenetianpictures。Fromthistimeforwardweshallhavethepainofbiddingadieu，onebyone，toourfriends，astheyleavetownnottoreturntillwearegone。