Thisoccupiedhimforabouttwohours，andwhenhefoundtheladiesathome，hereturnedwithfourorfivefrancsinhispurse。Butoftentheywerenotathome，andhecamehomefrancless。Eventuallyhegaveupthispartofhistrade。Thereceiptsattheshopweremoreremunerative。Madameencouragedthiseconomicaleform；shewasaccustomedtocallitJasmin’scoupd’etat。
　　Theeveningspassedpleasantly。Jasmintookhisguitarandsangtohiswifeandchildren；or，inthesummereveningstheywouldwalkunderthebeautifulelmsinfrontoftheGravier，whereJasminwasreadyforbusinessatanymoment。Suchprudence，suchiligence，couldnotbuthaveitseffect。WhenJasmin’sfirstvolumeofthePapillotoswaspublished，itwasreceivedwithenthusiasm。”Thesongs，thecurl-papers，”saidJasmin，”broughtinsucharivuletofsilver，that，inmypoeticjoy，Ibrokeintomorselsandburntinthefirethatdreadedarm-chairinwhichmyancestorshadbeencarriedtothehospitaltodie。”
　　MadameJasminnowbecamequiteenthusiastic。Insteadofbreakingthepoet’spensandthrowinghisinkintothefire，sheboughtthebestpensandthebestink。Sheevensuppliedhimwithacomfortabledesk，onwhichhemightwritehisverses。”Courage，courage！”shewouldsay。”Eachversethatyouwriteisanothertiletotheroofandaraftertothedwelling；thereforemakeverses，makeve（丁香书院小说）rses！”
　　Therivuletofsilverincreasedsorapidly，thatinthecourseofashorttimeJasminwasenabledtobuythehouseinwhichhelived——tiles，rafters，andall。InsteadofPegasuscarryinghimtothehospital，itcarriedhimtotheofficeoftheNotary，whoenrolledhiminthelistofcollectorsoftaxes。Hewasnowamanofsubstance，amantobetrusted。ThenotarywasalsoemployedtoconveythetenementtotheprosperousJasmin。
　　HeendsthefirstpartofhisSouvenirswiththesewords：”WhenPegasuskickswithaflingofhisfeet，Hesendsmetocurlonmyhobbyhorsefleet；
　　Iloseallmytime，true，notpapernornotes，Iwriteallmyverseonmypapillotes。”[3]
　　FootnotestochapterIV。
　　[1]InGasconMagnounet；herpetnameMarie，orinFrenchMariette。MadameJasmincalledherselfMarieBarrere。
　　[2]Theremainingversesaretobefoundinthecollectededitionofhisworks——thefourthvolumeofLasPapillotos，newedition，pp。247-9，entitledAunejeuneVoyayeuse。
　　[3]Papillotes，aswehavesaid，arecurl-papers。
　　Jasmin’swords，inGascon，arethese：”QuandPegazoreguiuno，etqued’uncotdepeMemboyofrizamasmarotos，Perdimounten，esbray，maisnounpasmounpape，Botimousbeisenpapillotos！”
　　CHAPTERV。
　　JASMINANDGASCON——FIRSTVOLUMEOF”PAPILLOTES。”
　　Jasmin’sfirsteffortsatverse-makingwerenecessarilyimperfect。Hetriedtoimitatetheworksofothers，ratherthancreatepoeticalimagesofhisown。HisversesconsistedmostlyofimitationsoftheFrenchpoemswhichhehadread。
　　HewasovershadowedbytheworksofBoileau，Gresset，Rousseau，andespeciallybyBeranger，who，likehimself，wasthesonofatailor。
　　Therecollectionsoftheirpoetrypervadedallhisearlierverses。HiseffortsinclassicalFrenchwerebynomeanssuccessful。Itwasonlywhenhehadraisedhimselfabovetheinfluenceofauthorswhohadprecededhim，thathesoaredintooriginality，andwasproclaimedthePoetoftheSouth。
　　JasmindidnotatfirstwriteinGascon。Infact，hehadnotyetmasteredaperfectknowledgeofthisdialect。Thoughfamiliarlyusedinancienttimes，itdidnotexistinanywrittenform。
　　Itwasthespeechofthecommonpeople；andthoughtheGasconsspoketheidiom，ithadlostmuchofitsoriginality。Ithadbecomemixed，moreorless，withtheordinaryFrenchlanguage，andtheoldGasconwordswerebecominggraduallyforgotten。
　　Yetthecommonpeople，afterall，remainthedepositoriesofoldidiomsandoldtraditions，aswellasoftheinheritancesofthepast。Theyarethemostconservativeelementinsociety。
　　Theylovetheiroldspeech，theirolddress，theiroldmannersandcustoms，andhaveaninstinctiveworshipofancientmemories。
　　Theiroldidiomsarelongpreserved。Theirolddialectcontinuesthelanguageofthefireside，ofdailytoil，ofdailyneeds，andofdomesticjoysandsorrows。Ithoversintheairaboutthem，andhasbeensuckedinwiththeirmothers’milk。Yet，whenaprimitiveracesuchastheGasconsmixmuchwiththepeopleoftheadjoiningdepartments，thelocaldialectgraduallydiesout，andtheylearntospeakthelanguageoftheirneighbours。
　　TheGasconwasdisappearingasaspeech，andveryfewofitswrittenelementssurvived。WasitpossibleforJasmintorevivethedialect，andembodyitinawrittenlanguage?Heknewmuchofthepatois，fromhearingitspokenathome。Butnow，desiringtoknowitmorethoroughly，hesettoworkandstudiedit。
　　HewasalmostasassiduousasSirWalterScottinlearningobscureLowlandwords，whilewritingtheWaverleyNovels。Jasminwentintothemarket-places，wherethepeasantsfromthecountrysoldtheirproduce；andtherehepickedupmanynewwordsandexpressions。HemadeexcursionsintothecountryroundAgen，wheremanyoftheoldfarmersandlabourersspokenothingbutGascon。Heconversedwithilliteratepeople，andespeciallywitholdwomenattheirspinning-wheels，andeagerlylistenedtotheirancienttalesandlegends。
　　Hethusgatheredtogethermanyagoldenrelic，whichheafterwardsmadeuseofinhispoeticalworks。HestudiedGasconlikeapioneer。Hemadehisownlexicon，andeventuallyformedawrittendialect，whichhewoveintopoems，tothedelightofthepeopleintheSouthofFrance。FortheGascondialect——suchisitsrichnessandbeauty——expressesmanyshadesofmeaningwhichareentirelylostinthemodernFrench。
　　WhenJasminfirstreadhispoemsinGascontohistownspeopleatAgen，heusuallyintroducedhisreadingsbydescribingthedifficultieshehadencounteredinprosecutinghisenquiries。ishearers，whoknewmoreFrenchthanGascon，detectedinhispoemsmanycomparativelyunknownwords，——notindeedofhisowncreation，butmerelytheresultofhispatientandlong-continuedinvestigationoftheGascondialect。Yettheyfoundthelanguage，aswrittenandspokenbyhim，fullofharmony——rich，mellifluous，andsonorous。GasconresemblestheSpanish，towhichitisstronglyallied，morethantheProvencal，thelanguageoftheTroubadours，whichismorealliedtotheLatinorItalian。
　　Hallam，inhis’HistoryoftheMiddleAges，’regardsthesuddenoutburstofTroubadourpoetryasonesymptomoftherapidimpulsewhichthehumanmindreceivedinthetwelfthcentury，contemporaneouswiththeimprovedstudiesthatbeganattheUniversities。ItwasalsoencouragedbytheprosperityofSouthernFrance，whichwascomparativelyundisturbedbyinternalwarfare，anditcontinueduntilthetremendousstormthatfelluponLanguedocduringthecrusadeagainsttheAlbigenses，whichshookofftheflowersofProvencalliterature。[1]
　　ThelanguageoftheSouth-WestofFrance，includingtheGascon，wasthencalledLangued’Oc；whilethatofthesouth-eastofFrance，includingtheProvencal，wascalledLangued’Oil。
　　M。Littre，inthePrefacetohisDictionaryoftheFrenchlanguage，saysthathewasinducedtobeginthestudyofthesubjectbyhisdesiretoknowsomethingmoreoftheLangued’Oil——theoldFrenchlanguage。[2]
　　InspeakingofthelanguagesofWesternEurope，M。LittresaysthattheGermanistheoldest，beginninginthefourthcentury；
　　thattheFrenchisthenext，beginningintheninthcentury；
　　andthattheEnglishisthelast，beginninginthefourteenthcentury。Itmustberemembered，however，thatPlatDeutschprecededtheGerman，andwasspokenbytheFrisians，Angles，andSaxons，wholivedbytheshoresoftheNorthSea。
　　TheGaelicorCeltic，andKymriaclanguages，werespokeninthemiddleandnorth-westofFrance；butthese，exceptinBrittany，havebeensupersededbythemodemFrenchlanguage，whichisfoundedmainlyonLatin，German，andCeltic，butmostlyonLatin。TheEnglishlanguageconsistsmostlyofSaxon，Norse，andNorman-FrenchwithamixtureofWelshorAncientBritish。
　　Thatlanguageis，however，notestofthegenealogyofapeople，isillustratedbythehistoryofFranceitself。Inthefourthandfifthcenturies，theFranks，apowerfulGermanrace，fromthebanksoftheRhine，invadedandconqueredthepeoplenorthoftheSomme，andeventuallygavethenameofFrancetotheentirecountry。TheBurgundiansandVisigoths，alsoaGermanrace，invadedFrance，andsettledthemselvesinthesouth-east。
　　Intheyear464，ChilderictheFranktookParis。
　　ThewholehistoryoftheoccupationofFranceistoldbyAugustinThierry，inhis’NarrativesoftheMerovingianTimes。’”ThereareFranks，”hesaysinhisPreface，”whoremainedpureGermansinGaul；Gallo-Romans，irritatedanddisgustedbythebarbarianrule；Franksmoreorlessinfluencedbythemannersandcustomsofcivilisedlife；and’Romansmoreorlessbarbarianinmindandmanners。’Thecontrastmaybefollowedinallitsshadesthroughthesixthcentury，andintothemiddleoftheseventh；later，theGermanicandGallo-Romanstampseemedeffacedandlostinasemi-barbarismclothedintheocraticforms。”
　　TheFranks，whentheyhadcompletedtheconquestoftheentirecountry，gaveitthenameofFranken-ric——theFranks’kingdom。
　　Eventually，CharlestheGreat，orCharlemagne，descendedfromChilderictheFrank，wasin800crownedEmperoroftheWest。
　　Towardstheendofhisreign，theNorsemenbegantodevastatethenortherncoastofFranken-ric。Aix-la-ChapellewasCharlemagne’scapital，andtherehediedandwasburied。
　　Athisdeath，theEmpirewasdividedamonghissons。TheNorseVikingerscontinuedtheirinvasions；andtopurchaserepose，CharlestheSimplecededtoDukeRolloalargeterritoryinthenorthwestofFrance，whichindeferencetotheirorigin，wasknownbythenameofNormandy。