PresidentofthePoor-LawBoard，UnderSecretaryoftheColonies，Under，orperhapsevenUpperSecretaryofwhatsheandherPremierfindsuitablestforaworkingheadsoeminent，atalentsoprecious；andgrantshim，byherdirectauthority，seatandvoteinParliamentsolongasheholdsthatoffice。UpperSecretaries，havingmoretodoinParliament，andbeingsoboundtobeinfavorthere，would，Isuppose，atleasttillnewtimesandhabitscome，beexpectedtobechosenfromamongthe_People’s_Membersasatpresent。ButwhetherthePrimeMinisterhimselfis，inalltimes，boundtobefirstaPeople’sMember；andwhich，orhowmany，ofhisSecretariesandsubordinateshemightbeallowedtotakeas_Queen’s_Members，myauthoritydoesnotsay，——perhapshasnothimselfsettled；theprojectbeingyetinmereoutlineorforeshadow，thepracticalembodimentinalldetailstobefixedbyauthoritiesmuchmorecompetentthanhe。Thesoulofhisprojectis，ThattheCrownalsohavepowertoelectafewmemberstoParliament。
　　Fromwhichproject，howeverwiselyitwereembodied，therecouldprobably，atfirstorallatonce，nogreat“accessionofintellect“totheGovernmentOfficesensue；thoughalittlemight，evenatfirst，andalittleisalwaysprecious：butinitsulterioroperation，werethatfaithfullydeveloped，andwiselypresidedover，Ifancyanimmenseaccessionofintellectmightensue；——nayanaturalingressmighttherebybeopenedtoallmannerofaccessions，andtheactualflowerofwhateverintellecttheBritishNationhadmightbeattractedtowardsDowningStreet，andcontinueflowingsteadilythither！For，letusseealittlewhateffectsthissimplechangecarriesinitthepossibilitiesof。Herearebeneficentgerms，whichthepresenceofonetrulywisemanasChiefMinister，steadilyfosteringthemforevenafewyears，withthesacredfidelityandvigilancethatwouldbeseemhim，mightripenintolivingpracticesandhabitualfacts，invaluabletousall。
　　WhatitisthatSecretariesofState，ManagersofColonialEstablishments，ofHomeandForeignGovernmentinterests，havereallyandtrulytodoinParliament，mightadmitofvariousestimateinthesetimes。AnaptdebaterinParliamentisbynomeanscertaintobeanableadministratorofColonies，ofHomeorForeignAffairs；nay，ratherquitethecontraryistobepresumedofhim；forinordertobecomea“brilliantspeaker，“ifthatishischaracter，considerableportionsofhisnaturalinternalendowmentmusthavegonetothesurface，inordertomakeashiningfigurethere，andpreciselysomuchthelessfewmeninthesedaysknowhowmuchless！mustremainavailableintheinternalsilentstate，orasfacultyforthinking，fordevisingandacting，whichlatterandwhichaloneisthefunctionessentialforhiminhisSecretaryship。Nottotellagoodstoryforhimself“inParliamentandtothetwenty-sevenmillions，manyofthemfools；“notthat，buttodogoodadministration，toknowwithsureeye，anddecidewithjustandresoluteheart，whatiswhatinthe_things_committedtohischarge：thisandnotthatistheservicewhichpoorEngland，whateveritmaythinkandmaunder，doesrequireandwantoftheOfficialManinDowningStreet。GivenagoodOfficialManorSecretary，hereallyought，asfarasitispossible，tobeleftworkinginthesilentstate。
　　Nomortalcanbothwork，anddogoodtalkinginParliament，oroutofit：thefeatisimpossibleasthatofservingtwohostilemasters。
　　NorwouldI，ifitcouldbehelped，muchtroublemygoodSecretarywithaddressingParliament：needfulexplanations；yes，inafreecountry，surely；——butnottoeveryfrivolousandvexatiousperson，inoroutofParliament，whochoosestoapplyforthem。Thereshouldbedemandsforexplanationtoowhichwerereckonedfrivolousandvexatious，andcensuredassuch。These，I
　　shouldsay，arethenotneedfulexplanations：andifmypoorSecretaryistobecalledoutfromhisworkshoptoanswereveryoneofthese，——hisworkshopwillbecomewhatweatpresentseeit，deservedlyornotlittleotherthanapillory；thepoorSecretaryakindoftalking-machine，exposedtodeadcatsandrotteneggs；andthe“work“gotoutofhimorofitwill，asheretofore，beveryinconsiderableindeed！——Alas，onthissidealso，importantimprovementsareconceivable；andwilleven，I
　　imagine，getthemwhencewemay，befoundindispensableoneday。
　　Thehonorablegentlemanwhomyouinterrupthere，he，inhisofficialcapacity，isnotanindividualnow，buttheembodimentofaNation；heisthe“PeopleofEngland“engagedintheworkofSecretaryship，thisone；andcannotforeveraffordtoletthethreeTailorsofTooleyStreetbreakinuponhimatallhours！——
　　Butleavingthis，letusremarkonethingwhichisveryplain：
　　Thatwhateverbetheusesandduties，realorsupposed，ofaSecretaryinParliament，hisfacultytoaccomplishtheseisapointentirelyunconnectedwithhisabilitytogetelectedintoParliament，andhasnorelationorproportiontoit，andnoconcernwithitwhatever。LordTommyandtheHonorableJohnarenotawhitbetterqualifiedforParliamentaryduties，tosaynothingofSecretaryduties，thanplainTomandJack；theyaremerelybetterqualified，asmattersstand，forgettingadmittedtotrythem。WhichstateofmattersareformingPremier，muchinwantofablermentohelphim，nowproposesaltering。TomandJack，onceadmittedbytheQueen’swrit，thereiseveryreasontosupposewilldoquiteaswellthereasLordTommyandtheHonorableJohn。InParliamentquiteaswell：andelsewhere，intheotherinfinitelymoreimportantdutiesofaGovernmentOffice，whichindeedareandremaintheessential，vitalandintrinsicdutiesofsuchapersonage，istherethefaintestreasontosurmisethatTomandJack，ifwellchosen，willfallshortofLordTommyandtheHonorableJohn？Noshadowofareason。Weretheintrinsicgeniusofthemenexactlyequal，thereisnoshadowofareason：butratherthereisquitethereverse；forTomandJackhavebeenatleastworkersalltheirdays，notidlers，game-preserversandmerehumanclothes-horses，atanyperiodoftheirlives；andhavegainedaschooling_thereby_，ofwhichLordTommyandtheHonorableJohn，unhappilystrangerstoitformostpart，canformnoconception！TomandJackhavealready，onthismostnarrowhypothesis，adecided_superiority_oflikelihoodoverLordTommyandtheHonorableJohn。
　　Butthehypothesisisverynarrow，andthefactisverywide；thehypothesiscountsbyunits，thefactbymillions。ConsiderhowmanyTomsandJackstherearetochoosefrom，wellorill！ThearistocraticclassfromwhomMembersofParliamentcanbeelectedextendsonlytocertainthousands；fromtheseyouaretochooseyourSecretary，ifaseatinParliamentistheprimarycondition。
　　ButthegeneralpopulationisofTwenty-sevenMillions；fromallsectionsofwhichyoucanchoose，iftheseatinParliamentisnottobeprimary。Makeitultimateinsteadofprimary，alastinvestitureinsteadofafirstindispensablecondition，andthewholeBritishNation，learned，unlearned，professional，practical，speculativeandmiscellaneous，isatyourdisposal！
　　Inthelowestbroadstrataofthepopulation，equallyasinthehighestandnarrowest，areproducedmenofeverykindofgenius；
　　manforman。，yourchanceofgeniusisasgoodamongthemillionsasamongtheunits；——andclassforclass，whatmustitbe！Fromallclasses，notfromcertainhundredsnowbutfromseveralmillions，whatsoevermanthegodshadgiftedwithintellectandnobleness，andpowertohelphiscountry，couldbechosen：O
　　Heavens，could，——ifnotbyTenpoundConstituenciesandtheforceofbeer，thenbyaReformingPremierwitheyesinhishead，whoI
　　thinkmightdoitquiteinfinitelybetter。Infinitelybetter。
　　Forignoblenesscannot，bythenatureofit，choosethenoble：
　　no，thereneedsaseeingmanwhoishimselfnoble，cognizantbyinternalexperienceofthesymptomsofnobleness。Shallweneverthinkofthis；shallwenevermorerememberthis，then？Itisforevertrue；andNatureandFact，howeverwemayrattleourballot-boxes，doatnotimeforgetit。
　　FromthelowestandbroadeststratumofSociety，wherethebirthsarebythemillion，therewasborn，almostinourownmemory，aRobertBurns；sonofonewho“hadnotcapitalforhispoormoor-farmofTwentyPoundsayear。“RobertBurnsneverhadthesmallestchancetogotintoParliament，muchasRobertBurnsdeserved，foralloursakes，tohavebeenfoundthere。Fortheman——itwasnotknowntomenpurblind，sunkintheirpoordimvulgarelement，butmighthavebeenknowntomenofinsightwhohadanyloyaltyoranyroyaltyoftheirown——wasabornkingofmen：fullofvalor，ofintelligenceandheroicnobleness；fitforfarotherworkthantobreakhisheartamongpoormeanmortals，gaugingbeer！HimnoTenpoundConstituencychose，nordidanyReformingPremier：inthedeep-sunkBritishNation，overwhelmedinfoggystupor，withtheloadstarsallgoneoutforit，therewasnowhisperofanotionthatitcouldbedesirabletochoosehim，——excepttocomeanddinewithyou，andintheinterimtogauge。Andyetheaven-bornMr。Pitt，atthatperiod，wasbynomeanswithoutneedofHeroicIntellect，forotherpurposesthangauging！Butsorrowfulstrangulationbyred-tape，much_tighter_thenthanitnowiswhensomanyrevolutionaryearthquakeshavetussledit，quitetiedupthemeagrePitt；andhesaid，onhearingofthisBurnsandhissadhamperedcase，“Literaturewilltakecareofitself。“——“Yes，andofyoutoo，ifyoudon’tmindit！“answersone。
　　Andso，likeApollotakenforaNeat-herd，andperhapsfornoneofthebestontheAdmetusestablishment，thisnewNorseThorhadtoputupwithwhatwasgoing；togaugeale，andbethankful；
　　pouringhiscelestialsunlightthroughScottishSong-writing，——thenarrowestchinkeverofferedtoaThunder-godbefore！AndthemeagrePitt，andhisDundassesandred-tapePhantasmsgrowingveryghastlynowtothinkof，didnotintheleastknoworunderstand，theimpious，god-forgettingmortals，thatHeroicIntellects，ifHeavenwerepleasedtosendsuch，weretheonesalvationfortheworldandforthemandallofus。No；
　　they“haddoneverywellwithout“such；didnotseetheuseofsuch；wentalong“verywell“withoutsuch；wellpresidedoverbyasingularHeroicIntellectcalledGeorgetheThird：andtheThunder-god，aswasratherfitofhim，departedearly，stillinthenoonoflife，somewhatwearyofgaugingale！——OPeter，whatascandaloustorpidelementofyellowLondonfog，favorabletoowlsonlyandtheirmousingoperations，hasblottedoutthestarsofHeavenforustheseseveralgenerationsback，——which，Irejoicetosee，isnowvisiblyabouttotakeitselfawayagain，orperhapstobe_dispelled_inaverytremendousmanner！
　　ForthesakeofmyDemocraticfriends，oneotherobservation。IsnotthisProposaltheveryessenceofwhatevertruththereisin“Democracy；“this，thattheablemanbechosen，inwhateverrankbeisfound？Thathebesearchedforashiddentreasureis；betrained，supervised，settotheworkwhichhealoneisfitfor。
　　AllDemocracyliesinthis；this，Ithink，isworthalltheballot-boxesandsuffrage-movementsnowgoing。Notthatthenoblesoul，bornpoor，shouldbesettospoutinParliament，butthatheshouldbesettoassistingoverningmen：thisisourgrandDemocraticinterest。Withthiswecanbesaved；withoutthis，werethereaParliamentspoutingineveryparish，andHansardDebatestostemtheThames，weperish，——dieconstitutionallydrowned，inmereoceansofpalaver。
　　Allreformers，constitutionalpersons，andmencapableofreflection，areinvitedtoreflectonthesethings。Letusbrushthecobwebsfromoureyes；letusbidtheinanetraditionsbesilentforamoment；andaskourselves，likemendreadfullyintentonhavingit_done_，“Bywhatmethodormethodscantheablemenfromeveryrankoflifebegathered，asdiamond-grainsfromthegeneralmassofsand：theablemen，notthesham-able；——andsettodotheworkofgoverning，contriving，administeringandguidingforus！“Itisthequestionofquestions。AllthatDemocracyevermeantliesthere：theattainmentofatruerandtruerAristocracy，orGovernmentagainbythe_Best_。
　　ReformedParliamentshavelamentablyfailedtoattainitforus；
　　andIbelievewillandmustforeverfail。OnetrueReformingStatesman，onenobleworshipperandknowerofhumanintellect，withthequalityofanexperiencedPoliticiantoo；he，backedbysuchaParliamentasEngland，oncerecognizinghim，wouldloyallysend，andatlibertytochoosehisworkingsubalternsfromalltheEnglishmenalive；hesurelymightdosomething？Something，byonemeansoranother，isbecomingfearfullynecessarytobedone！He，Ithink，mightaccomplishmoreforusintenyears，thanthebestconceivableReformedParliament，andutmostextensionofthesuffrage，intwiceortentimesten。
　　Whatisextremelyimportanttoo，youcouldtrythismethodwithsafety；extensionofthesuffrageyoucannotsotry。WithevenanapproximatelyheroicPrimeMinister，youcouldgetnothingbutgoodfromprescribingtohimthus，tochoosethefittestman，underpenalties；tochoose，notthefittestofthefourorthethreementhatwereinParliament，butthefittestfromthewholeTwenty-sevenMillionsthathecouldhearof，——athisperil。
　　Nothingbutgoodfromthis。Fromextensionofthesuffrage，somethink，youmightgetquiteotherthangood。Fromextensionofthesuffrage，tillitbecameauniversalcountingofheads，oneseesnotintheleastwhatwisdomcouldbeextracted。A
　　ParliamentoftheParispattern，suchasweseejustnow，mightbeextracted：andfromthat？Solutionintouniversalslush；
　　drownageofallinterestsdivineandhuman，inaNoah’s-DelugeofParliamentaryeloquence，——suchaswehopeoursins，heavyandmanifoldthoughtheyare，havenotyetquitedeserved！
　　Who，then，istobetheReformingStatesman，andbeginthenobleworkforus？Heisthepreliminary；onesuch；withhimwemayprosecutetheenterprisetolengthafterlength；withouthimwecannotstirinitatall。Atrue_king_，temporaryking，thatdareundertakethegovernmentofBritain，onconditionofbeginninginsacredearnestto“reform“it，notatthisorthatextremity，butattheheartandcentre。ThatwillexpurgateDowningStreet，andthepracticalAdministrationofourAffairs；