Itwouldbeimpossibleforthemostindolentreaderorcritictoattributeit,evenifanonymous,toanotherparentage。ColeridgealludessomewheretocertainversesofWordsworth’s,withthedeclarationthatifhehadmetthemhowlinginthedeserthewouldhaverecognisedtheirauthorship。
“Fifine“wouldnotevenhavetohowl。
BrowningwasvisitingPorniconeautumn,whenhesawthegipsywhowastheoriginalof“Fifine“。InthewordsofMrs。Orr,“hisfancywasevidentlysetroamingbythegipsy’saudacity,herstrength
thecontrastwhichshepresentedtothemorespiritualtypesofwomanhood;
andthiscontrasteventuallyfoundexpressioninapathetictheoryoflife,inwhichtheseoppositetypesandtheircorrespondingmodesofattractionbecamethenecessarycomplementofeachother。Ashelaiddownthetheory,Mr。Browningwouldbespeakinginhisownperson。Buthewouldturnintosomeoneelseintheactofworkingitoutforitinsensiblycarriedwithitapleaforyieldingtothoseoppositeattractions,notonlysuccessively,butatthesametime;andamodifiedDonJuanwouldgrowupunderhispen。“
OnedrawbacktoanunconditionalenjoymentofBalzacisthateverynowandagainthestudentofthe`ComedieHumaine’
resentsthetooobviousdisplayoftheforcesthatpropeltheeffect
alesserphaseofthewearinesswhichensuesuponmuchreadingofthemere“humandocuments“oftheGoncourtschoolofnovelists。
Inthesameway,wetoooftenseeBrowningworkinguptheelectricalqualities,sothat,whenthefulminationcomes,weunderstand“justhowitwasproduced,“and,asillogicallyaschildrenbeforeatooelaborateconjurer,concludethatthereisnotsomuchinthisparticularpoeticfeatasinotherswhich,likeHerrick’smaids,continuallydodeceive。Tomethisisaffirmableof“FifineattheFair“。
Thepoetseemstoknowsoverywellwhatheisdoing。
Ifhedidnottakethereadersomuchintohisconfidence,ifhewouldrelymoreupontheliberalgraceofhisearlierverseandlessuponthetrainedsubtletyofhisathleticintellect,thecharmwouldbethegreater。Thepoemwouldhaveasurerdurationasoneoftheauthor’sgreaterachievements,ifthereweremorefrequentandmoreprolongedinsistenceonthenotestruckinthelinesSection73aboutthehill-stream,infantofmistanddew,fallingovertheledgeofthefissuredclifftofinditsfateinsmokebelow,asitdisappearsintothedeep,“embitteredevermore,tomaketheseaonedropmorebigthereby:“
orinthecloudysplendourofthedescriptionofnightfallSection106:
orinthewindyspringfreshnessof“Hence,whentheearthbeganafreshitslifeinMay,Andfruit-treesbloomed,andwaveswouldwanton,andthebayRuffleitswealthofweed,andstranger-birdsarrive,Andbeaststakeeachamate。“……
Butitschieffaultseemstometobeitslackofthattransmutiveglowofrhythmicemotionwithoutwhichnopoemcanendure。
Thisrhythmicenergyis,inherently,adistinctthingfromintellectualemotion。Metricmusicmaybealientotheadequateexpressionofthelatter,whereasrhythmicemotioncanhavenootherappropriateissue。Ofcourse,inasense,allcreativeartisrhythmicinkind:buthereIamspeakingonlyofthatcreativeenergywhichevolvesthegerminalideathroughthemediumoflanguage。Theenergyoftheintellectundercreativestimulusmayproducelordlyissuesinprose:
butpoetryofahighintellectualordercanbetheoutcomeonlyofanintellectfusedtowhiteheat,ofintellectualemotiononfire
as,inthefinesayingofGeorgeMeredith,passionisnoblestrengthonfire。
Innumerableexamplescouldbetakenfromanypartofthepoem,butasitwouldnotbejusttoselectthemostobviouslydefectivepassages,herearetwowhicharecertainlyfairlyrepresentativeofthegenerallevel
“AndIbecameaware,scarcelythewordescapedmylips,thatswiftensuedinsilenceandbystealth,andyetwithcertitude,aformidablechangeoftheamphitheatrewhichheldtheCarnival;
ALTHOUGHTHEHUMANSTIRCONTINUEDJUSTTHESAME
AMIDTHATSHIFTOFSCENE。“No。105
“Andwherei’theworldisallthiswonder,youdetailsotrippingly,espied?Mymirrorwouldreflectatall,thin,pale,deep-eyedpersonage,prettyonce,itmaybe,doubtlessstilllovingacertaingraceyetlingersifyouwillbutallthiswonder,where?“No。40
Here,andinahundredothersuchpassages,wehavetherhythm,ifnotofthebestprose,atleastnotthatofpoetry。
Will“Fifine“andpoemsofitskindstandre-reading,re-perusaloverandover?Thatisoneofthemostdefinitetests。
Inthepressureoflifecanweaffordmuchtimetoanythingbuttheverybestnay,tothevastmassevenofthatwhichcloselyimpingesthereupon?
Formyself,intheinstanceof“Fifine“,Iadmitthatifre-perusalbecontrolledbypleasureIamcontentalwaysexceptingafewscatterednoblepassageswiththePrologueandEpilogue。
AlittlevolumeofthoseSummariesofBrowning’showstimulatingacompanionitwouldbeinthosehourswhenthemindwouldfainbreatheamoreliberalair!
Asfor“Jocoseria“,*itseemstomethepoorestofBrowning’sworks,andIcannothelpthinkingthatultimatelytheonlygoldgraindiscoverablethereinwillbe“Ixion“,thebeautifulpenultimatepoembeginning
“NeverthetimeandtheplaceAndthelovedonealtogether;“
andthethrush-likeoverture,closing
“Whatoftheleafage,whatoftheflower?
Rosesemboweringwithnoughttheyembower!
Comethen!completeincompletion,Ocomer,Pantthroughtheblueness,perfectthesummer!
BreathebutonebreathRose-beautyabove,AndallthatwasdeathGrowslife,growslove,Growslove!“
*Inalettertoafriend,alongwithanearlycopyofthisbook,Browningstatedthat“thetitleistakenfromtheworkofMelander`Schwartzmann’,reviewed,byacuriouscoincidence,inthe`Blackwood’ofthismonth。Ireferredtoitinanoteto`Paracelsus’。ThetwoHebrewquotationsputintogiveagravelooktowhatismerefunandinvention
beingtranslatedamountto1`ACollectionofManyLies’:
and2,anoldsaying,`FromMosestoMosesarosenonelikeMoses’……“
In1881the“BrowningSociety“wasestablished。Itiseasytoridiculeanyinstitutionofthekindmucheasierthantobeconsiderateofotherpeople’searnestconvictionsandaims,ortobehelpfultotheirobject。
Thereisalwaysaridiculoussidetoexcessiveenthusiasm,particularlyobvioustopersonsincapableofenthusiasmofanykind。
Withsomemistakes,andnotafewmoreorlessgrotesqueabsurdities,themembersofthevariousEnglishandAmericanBrowningSocietiesareyettobecongratulatedonthegoodworktheyhave,collectively,accomplished。
Theirpublicationsaremostinterestingandsuggestive:
ultimatelytheywillbeinvaluable。ThemembershavealsodoneagoodworkincausingsomeofBrowning’splaystobeproducedagainonthestage,andinMissAlmaMurrayandothershavefoundsympatheticandableexponentsofsomeofthepoet’smostattractive`dramatispersonae’。
TherecanbenoquestionastothepowerfulimpetusgivenbytheSocietytoBrowning’ssteadily-increasingpopularity。Nothingshowshisjudiciousgoodsensemorethantheletterhewrote,privately,toMr。EdmundYates,atthetimeoftheSociety’sfoundation。
“TheBrowningSociety,Ineednotsay,aswellasBrowninghimself,arefairgameforcriticism。Ihadnomoretodowiththefoundingitthanthebabeunborn;and,asWilkeswasnoWilkeite,IamquiteotherthanaBrowningite。ButIcannotwishharmtoasocietyof,withafewexceptions,namesunknowntome,whoarebusiedaboutmybookssodisinterestedly。Theexaggerationsprobablycomeofthefifty-years’-longchargeofunintelligibilityagainstmybooks;suchreactionsarepossible,thoughIneverlookedforthebeginningofonesosoon。
Thatthereisagrotesquesidetothethingiscertain;
butIhavebeensurprisedandtouchedbywhatcannotbuthavebeenwellintentioned,Ithink。Anyhow,asIneverfeltinconveniencedbyhardwords,youwillnotexpectmetowaxbumptiousbecauseofunduecompliment:soenoughof`Browning’,
exceptthatheisyoursverytruly,`whilethismachineistohim。’“