’Thereisoneexpedientbywhichyoumay,insomedegree,continueherpresence。Ifyouwritedownminutelywhatyourememberofherfromyourearliestyears,youwillreaditwithgreatpleasure,andreceivefromitmanyhintsofsoothingrecollection,whentimeshallremoveheryetfartherfromyou,andyourgriefshallbematuredtoveneration。Tothis,howeverpainfulforthepresent,I
cannotbutadviseyou,astoasourceofcomfortandsatisfactioninthetimetocome;forallcomfortandallsatisfactionissincerelywishedyouby,dearSir,yourmostobliged,mostobedient,andmosthumbleservant,’SAM。JOHNSON。’
TheRamblerhasincreasedinfameasinage。Soonafteritsfirstfolioeditionwasconcluded,itwaspublishedinsixduodecimovolumes;anditsauthourlivedtoseetennumerouseditionsofitinLondon,besidethoseofIrelandandScotland。
ThestyleofJohnsonwas,undoubtedly,muchformeduponthatofthegreatwritersinthelastcentury,Hooker,Bacon,Sanderson,Hakewell,andothers;those’GIANTS,’astheywerewellcharacterisedbyAGREATPERSONAGE,whoseauthority,wereItonamehim,wouldstampareverenceontheopinion。
Johnsonassuredme,thathehadnottakenuponhimtoaddmorethanfourorfivewordstotheEnglishlanguage,ofhisownformation;
andhewasverymuchoffendedatthegenerallicence,bynomeans’modestlytaken’inhistimenotonlytocoinnewwords,buttousemanywordsinsensesquitedifferentfromtheirestablishedmeaning,andthosefrequentlyveryfantastical。
SirThomasBrown,whoselifeJohnsonwrote,wasremarkablyfondofAnglo-Latindiction;andtohisexamplewearetoascribeJohnson’ssometimesindulginghimselfinthiskindofphraseology。Johnson’scomprehensionofmindwasthemouldforhislanguage。Hadhisconceptionsbeennarrower,hisexpressionwouldhavebeeneasier。
Hissentenceshaveadignifiedmarch;and,itiscertain,thathisexamplehasgivenageneralelevationtothelanguageofhiscountry,formanyofourbestwritershaveapproachedveryneartohim;and,fromtheinfluencewhichhehashaduponourcomposition,scarcelyanythingiswrittennowthatisnotbetterexpressedthanwasusualbeforeheappearedtoleadthenationaltaste。
ThoughTheRamblerwasnotconcludedtilltheyear1752,Ishall,underthisyear,sayallthatIhavetoobserveuponit。Someofthetranslationsofthemottosbyhimselfareadmirablydone。Heacknowledgestohavereceived’eleganttranslations’ofmanyofthemfromMr。JamesElphinston;andsomeareveryhappilytranslatedbyaMr。F。Lewis,ofwhomIneverheardmore,exceptthatJohnsonthusdescribedhimtoMr。Malone:’Sir,helivedinLondon,andhunglooseuponsociety。’
HisjustabhorrenceofMilton’spoliticalnotionswaseverstrong。
ButthisdidnotpreventhiswarmadmirationofMilton’sgreatpoeticalmerit,towhichhehasdoneillustriousjustice,beyondallwhohavewrittenuponthesubject。AndthisyearhenotonlywroteaPrologue,whichwasspokenbyMr。GarrickbeforetheactingofComusatDrury-lanetheatre,forthebenefitofMilton’sgrand-
daughter,buttookaveryzealousinterestinthesuccessofthecharity。
1751:AETAT。42。]——In1751wearetoconsiderhimascarryingonbothhisDictionaryandRambler。
ThoughJohnson’scircumstanceswereatthistimefarfrombeingeasy,hishumaneandcharitabledispositionwasconstantlyexertingitself。Mrs。AnnaWilliams,daughterofaveryingeniousWelshphysician,andawomanofmorethanordinarytalentsandliterature,havingcometoLondoninhopesofbeingcuredofacataractinbothhereyes,whichafterwardsendedintotalblindness,waskindlyreceivedasaconstantvisitorathishousewhileMrs。Johnsonlived;andafterherdeath,havingcomeunderhisroofinordertohaveanoperationuponhereyesperformedwithmorecomforttoherthaninlodgings,shehadanapartmentfromhimduringtherestofherlife,atalltimeswhenhehadahouse。
1752:AETAT。43。]——In1752hewasalmostentirelyoccupiedwithhisDictionary。ThelastpaperofhisRamblerwaspublishedMarch2,thisyear;afterwhich,therewasacessationforsometimeofanyexertionofhistalentsasanessayist。But,inthesameyear,Dr。
Hawkesworth,whowashiswarmadmirer,andastudiousimitatorofhisstyle,andthenlivedingreatintimacywithhim,beganaperiodicalpaper,entitledTheAdventurer,inconnectionwithothergentlemen,oneofwhomwasJohnson’smuch-belovedfriend,Dr。
Bathurst;and,withoutdoubt,theyreceivedmanyvaluablehintsfromhisconversation,mostofhisfriendshavingbeensoassistedinthecourseoftheirworks。
Thatthereshouldbeasuspensionofhisliterarylaboursduringapartoftheyear1752,willnotseemstrange,whenitisconsideredthatsoonafterclosinghisRambler,hesufferedalosswhich,therecanbenodoubt,affectedhimwiththedeepestdistress。Foronthe17thofMarch,O。S。,hiswifedied。
ThefollowingverysolemnandaffectingprayerwasfoundafterDr。
Johnson’sdecease,byhisservant,Mr。FrancisBarber,whodeliveredittomyworthyfriendtheReverendMr。Strahan,VicarofIslington,whoatmyearnestrequesthasobliginglyfavouredmewithacopyofit,whichheandIcomparedwiththeoriginal:
’April26,1752,beingafter12atNightofthe25th。
’OLord!Governourofheavenandearth,inwhosehandsareembodiedanddepartedSpirits,ifthouhastordainedtheSoulsoftheDeadtoministertotheLiving,andappointedmydepartedWifetohavecareofme,grantthatImayenjoythegoodeffectsofherattentionandministration,whetherexercisedbyappearance,impulses,dreamsorinanyothermanneragreeabletothyGovernment。Forgivemypresumption,enlightenmyignorance,andhowevermeaneragentsareemployed,grantmetheblessedinfluencesofthyholySpirit,throughJesusChristourLord。Amen。’
Thathisloveforhiswifewasofthemostardentkind,and,duringthelongperiodoffiftyyears,wasunimpairedbythelapseoftime,isevidentfromvariouspassagesintheseriesofhisPrayersandMeditations,publishedbytheReverendMr。Strahan,aswellasfromothermemorials,twoofwhichIselect,asstronglymarkingthetendernessandsensibilityofhismind。
’March28,1753。IkeptthisdayastheanniversaryofmyTetty’sdeath,withprayerandtearsinthemorning。IntheeveningI
prayedforherconditionally,ifitwerelawful。’
’April23,1753。IknownotwhetherIdonottoomuchindulgethevainlongingsofaffection;butIhopetheyinteneratemyheart,andthatwhenIdielikemyTetty,thisaffectionwillbeacknowledgedinahappyinterview,andthatinthemeantimeIamincitedbyittopiety。Iwill,however,notdeviatetoomuchfromcommonandreceivedmethodsofdevotion。’
Herweddingring,whenshebecamehiswife,was,afterherdeath,preservedbyhim,aslongashelived,withanaffectionatecare,inalittleroundwoodenbox,intheinsideofwhichhepastedaslipofpaper,thusinscribedbyhiminfaircharacters,asfollows:
’Eheu!
Eliz。JohnsonNuptaJul。91736,Mortua,eheu!
Mart。171752。’
Afterhisdeath,Mr。FrancisBarber,hisfaithfulservantandresiduarylegatee,offeredthismemorialoftendernesstoMrs。LucyPorter,Mrs。Johnson’sdaughter;butshehavingdeclinedtoacceptofit,hehaditenamelledasamourningringforhisoldmaster,andpresentedittohiswife,Mrs。Barber,whonowhasit。
Ihave,indeed,beentoldbyMrs。Desmoulins,who,beforehermarriage,livedforsometimewithMrs。JohnsonatHampstead,thatsheindulgedherselfincountryairandniceliving,atanunsuitableexpense,whileherhusbandwasdrudginginthesmokeofLondon,andthatshebynomeanstreatedhimwiththatcomplacencywhichisthemostengagingqualityinawife。Butallthisisperfectlycompatiblewithhisfondnessforher,especiallywhenitisrememberedthathehadahighopinionofherunderstanding,andthattheimpressionswhichherbeauty,realorimaginary,hadoriginallymadeuponhisfancy,beingcontinuedbyhabit,hadnotbeeneffaced,thoughsheherselfwasdoubtlessmuchalteredfortheworse。Thedreadfulshockofseparationtookplaceinthenight;
andheimmediatelydispatchedalettertohisfriend,theReverendDr。Taylor,which,asTaylortoldme,expressedgriefinthestrongestmannerhehadeverread;sothatitismuchtoberegrettedithasnotbeenpreserved。TheletterwasbroughttoDr。
Taylor,athishouseintheCloisters,Westminster,aboutthreeinthemorning;andasitsignifiedanearnestdesiretoseehim,hegotup,andwenttoJohnsonassoonashewasdressed,andfoundhimintearsandinextremeagitation。Afterbeingalittlewhiletogether,Johnsonrequestedhimtojoinwithhiminprayer。Hethenprayedextempore,asdidDr。Taylor;andthus,bymeansofthatpietywhichwaseverhisprimaryobject,histroubledmindwas,insomedegree,soothedandcomposed。
Thenextdayhewroteasfollows:
’ToTHEREVERENDDR。TAYLOR。
’DEARSIR,——Letmehaveyourcompanyandinstruction。Donotliveawayfromme。Mydistressisgreat。
’PraydesireMrs。TaylortoinformmewhatmourningIshouldbuyformymotherandMissPorter,andbringanoteinwritingwithyou。
’Remembermeinyourprayers,forvainisthehelpofman。Iam,dearSir,&c。
’March18,1752。’
’SAM。JOHNSON。’
第12章