M.deChampagny，havingleftBloiswiththeletterhehadreceivedfromtheEmpress，proceededtotheheadquartersoftheEmperorofAustria，carefullyavoidingthoseroadswhichwereoccupiedbyCossacktroops.
Hearrived，notwithoutconsiderabledifficulty，atChanseaux，whereFrancesII.wasexpected.WhentheEmperorarrivedtheDucdeCadorewasannounced，andimmediatelyintroducedtohisMajesty.TheDukeremainedsomehourswithFrancisII.，withoutbeingabletoobtainfromhimanythingbutfairprotestations.TheEmperoralwaystookrefugebehindthepromisehehadgiventohisAlliestoapprovewhatevermeasurestheymightadopt.TheDukewasnottoleavetheEmperor’sheadquartersthatevening，and，inthehopethathisMajestymightyetreflectonthecriticalsituationofhisdaughter，heaskedpermissiontotakeleavenextmorning.HeaccordinglypresentedhimselftotheEmperor’slevee，whenherenewedhiseffortsinsupportoftheclaimsofMariaLouisa."Ihaveagreataffectionformydaughter，andalsoformyson—inlaw，"saidtheEmperor."Ibearthembothinmyheart，andwouldshedmybloodforthem"——"Ah，Sire！"exclaimedM.deChampagny，"suchasacrificeisnotnecessary."——"Yes，Duke，IsayagainIwouldshedmyblood，Iwouldresignmylifeforthem，butIhavegivenmyAlliesapromisenottotreatwithoutthem，andtoapproveallthattheymaydo.
Besides，"addedtheEmperor，"myMinister，M.deMetternich，hasgonetotheirheadquarters，andIwillratifywhateverhemaysign."
WhentheDucdeCadorerelatedtometheparticularsofhismission，inwhichzealcouldnotworkanimpossibility，IremarkedthatheregardedasacircumstancefataltoNapoleontheabsenceofM.deMetternichandthepresenceofM.StadionattheheadquartersoftheEmperorofAustria.
Thoughinallprobabilitynothingcouldhavearrestedthecourseofevents，yetitiscertainthatthepersonalsentimentsofthetwoAustrianMinisterstowardsNapoleonwerewidelydifferent.IamnotgoingtoofarwhenIaffirmthat，policyapart，M.deMetternichwasmuchattachedtoNapoleon.InsupportofthisassertionImayquoteafactofwhichIcanguaranteetheauthenticity：
WhenM.deMetternichwascomplimentedontheoccasionofMariaLouisa’smarriagehereplied，"Tohavecontributedtoameasurewhichhasreceivedtheapprobationof80，000，000menisindeedajustsubjectofcongratulation."SucharemarkopenlymadebytheintelligentMinisteroftheCabinetofViennawaswellcalculatedtogratifytheearsofNapoleon，fromwhom，however，M.deMetternichinhispersonalrelationsdidnotconcealthetruth.IrecollectareplywhichwasmadebyM.deMetternichatDresdenafteralittlehesitation."Astoyou，"saidtheEmperor，"youwillnotgotowarwithme.Itisimpossiblethatyoucandeclareyourselfagainstme.Thatcanneverbe."——"Sire，wearenotnowquiteallies，andsometimehencewemaybecomeenemies."ThishintwasthelastwhichNapoleonreceivedfromMetternich，andNapoleonmusthavebeenblindindeednottohaveprofitedbyit.AstoM.Stadion，heentertainedaprofounddislikeoftheEmperor.ThatMinisterknewandcouldnotforgetthathisprecedingexclusionfromtheCabinetofViennahadbeenduetotheall—powerfulinfluenceofNapoleon.
WhetherornottheabsenceofMetternichinfluencedtheresolutionofFrancisII.，itiscertainthatthatmonarchyieldednothingtotheurgentsolicitationsofaMinisterwhoconscientiouslyfulfilledthedelicatemissionconsignedtohim.M.deChampagnyrejoinedtheEmpressatOrleans，whithershehadrepairedonleavingBlois.HefoundMariaLouisaalmostdeserted，alltheGrandDignitariesoftheEmpirehavingsuccessivelyreturnedtoParisaftersendingintheirsubmissionstotheProvisionalGovernment.
IhadscarcelyenteredupontheexerciseofmyfunctionsasPostmaster—
Generalwhen，onthemorningofthe2dofApril，IwassurprisedtoseeaPrussiangeneralofficerentermycabinet.IimmediatelyrecognisedhimasGeneralBlucher.HehadcommandedthePrussianarmyinthebattlewhichtookplaceatthegatesofParis."Sir，"saidhe，"IconsideritoneofmyfirstdutiesonenteringParistothankyoufortheattentionI
receivedfromyouinHamburg.IamsorrythatIwasnotsoonerawareofyourbeinginPains.IassureyouthathadIbeensoonerinformedofthiscircumstancethecapitulationshouldhavebeenmadewithoutablowbeingstruck.Howmuchbloodmightthenhavebeenspared！"——"General，"
saidI，"onwhatdoyougroundthisassurance？"——"IfIhadknownthatyouwereinParisIwouldhavegivenyoualettertotheKingofPrussia.
Thatmonarch，whoknowstheresourcesandintentionsoftheAllies，would，Iamsure，haveauthorisedyoutodecideasuspensionofarmsbeforetheneighbourhoodofParisbecamethetheatreofthewar."——
"But，"resumedI，"inspiteofthegoodintentionsoftheAllies，itwouldhavebeenverydifficulttopreventresistance.Frenchpride，irritatedasitwasbyreverses，wouldhaveopposedinsurmountableobstaclestosuchameasure."——"But，goodheavens！youwouldhaveseenthatresistancecouldbeofnoavailagainstsuchimmensemasses."——
"Youareright，General;butFrenchhonourwouldhavebeendefendedtothelast."——"Iamfullyawareofthat;butsurelyyouhaveearnedgloryenough！"——"YetourFrenchsusceptibilitywouldhavemadeuslookuponthatgloryastarnishedifParishadbeenoccupiedwithoutdefence
ButunderpresentcircumstancesIamwellpleasedthatyouweresatisfiedwithmyconductinHamburg，foritinducesmetohopethatyouwillobservethesamemoderationinParisthatIexercisedthere.Thedaysarepastwhenitcouldbesaid，Woetotheconquered."——"Youareright;
yet，"addedhe，smiling，"youknowwearecalledthenorthernbarbarians."——"Then，General，"returnedI，"youhaveafairopportunityofshowingthatthatdesignationisalibel."
SomedaysafterBlucher’svisitIhadthehonourofbeingadmittedtoaprivateaudienceoftheKingofPrussia.ClarkeandBerthierwerealsoreceivedinthisaudience，whichtookplaceatthehote1ofPrinceEugene，wheretheKingofPrussiaresidedinParis.Wewaitedforsomeminutesinthesalon，andwhenFrederickWilliamenteredfromhiscabinetIremarkedonhiscountenanceanairofembarrassmentandausteritywhichconvincedmethathehadbeenstudyinghispart，asgreatpersonagesareinthehabitofdoingonsimilaroccasions.TheKingonenteringthesalonfirstnoticedBerthier，whomheaddressedwithmuchkindness，bestowingpraisesontheFrenchtroops，andcomplimentingtheMarshalonhisconductduringthewarinGermany.Berthierreturnedthanksforthesewell—meritedpraises，forthoughhewasnotremarkableforstrengthofunderstandingorenergyofmind，yethewasnotabadman，andIhaveknownmanyproofsofhisgoodconductinconqueredcountries.
AftersalutingBerthiertheKingofPrussiaturnedtowardsClarke，andhiscountenanceimmediatelyassumedanexpressionofdissatisfaction.
HehadevidentlynotforgottenClarke’sconductinBerlin.HeremindedhimthathehadrenderedtheContinentalsystemmoreodiousthanitwasinitself，andthathehadshownnomoderationintheexecutionofhisorders."Inshort，"saidhisMajesty，"ifIhaveanyadvicetogiveyou，itisthatyouneveragainreturntoPrussia."TheKingpronouncedthesewordsinsoloudanddecidedatonethatClarkewasperfectlyconfounded.
Heutteredsomeunintelligibleobservations，which，however，FrederickWilliamdidnotnotice，forsuddenlyturningtowardsmehesaid，withanairofaffability，"Ah！M.deBourrienne，Iamgladtoseeyou，andI
takethisopportunityofrepeatingwhatIwrotetoyoufromGonigsberg.
YoualwaysextendedprotectiontotheGermans，anddidallyoucouldtoalleviatetheircondition.IlearnedwithgreatsatisfactionwhatyoudidforthePrussianswhomthefateofwardroveintoHamburg;andIfeelpleasureintellingyou，inthepresenceofthesetwogentlemen，thatifalltheFrenchagentshadactedasyoudidweshouldnot，probably，behere."Iexpressed，byaprofoundbow，howmuchIwasgratifiedbythiscomplimentaryaddress，andtheking，aftersalutingus，retired.
AboutthemiddleofAprilBernadottearrivedinParis.Hissituationhadbecomeequivocal，sincecircumstanceshadbanishedthehopeshemighthaveconceivedinhisinterviewwiththeEmperorAlexanderatAbo.
Besides，hehadbeenrepresentedinsomeofficialpamphletsasatraitortoFrance，andamongcertainworshippersofourinjuredglorythereprevailedafeelingofirritation，andwhichwasunjustlydirectedtowardsBernadotte.
IevenrememberthatNapoleon，beforehehadfallenfromhispower，hadasortofnationalprotestmadebythepoliceagainstthePrinceRoyalofSweden.ThisPrincehadreservedanhotelintheRued’Anjou，andthewords，"Downwiththetraitor！downwiththeperjurer，"wereshoutedthere;butthishadnoresult，asitwasonlyconsideredanoutragecausedbyaspiritofpettyvengeance.
WhileBernadottewasinParisIsawhimeveryday.HebutfaintlydisguisedfrommethehopehehadentertainedofrulingFrance;andinthenumerousconversationstowhichourrespectiveoccupationsledI
ascertained，thoughBernadottedidnotformallytellmeso，thatheoncehadstrongexpectationsofsucceedingNapoleon.
PressedatlastintohisfinalintrenchmentshebrokethroughallreserveandconfirmedallIknewoftheinterviewofAbo.
IaskedBernadottewhathethoughtoftheprojectswhichwereattributedtoMoreau;whetheritwastruethathehadinhimacompetitor，andwhetherMoreauhadaspiredtothedangeroushonourofgoverningFrance：
"Thosereports，"repliedthePrinceRoyalofSweden，"aredevoidoffoundation：atleastIcanassureyouthatintheconversationsIhavehadwiththeEmperorAlexander，thatsovereignneversaidanythingwhichcouldwarrantsuchasupposition.IknowthattheEmperorofRussiawishedtoavailhimselfofthemilitarytalentsofMoreauinthegreatstrugglethathadcommenced，andtoenabletheexiledgeneraltoreturntohiscountry，inthehopethat，shouldthewarprovefortunate，hewouldenjoythehonoursandprivilegesduetohispastservices."
BernadotteexpressedtomeastonishmentattherecalloftheBourbons，andassuredmethathehadnotexpectedtheFrenchpeoplewouldsoreadilyhaveconsentedtotheRestoration.IconfessIwassurprisedthatBernadotte，withtheintelligenceIknewhimtopossess，shouldimaginethatthewillofsubjectshasanyinfluenceinchangesofgovernment！
DuringhisstayinParisBernadotteevincedformethesamesentimentsoffriendshipwhichhehadshownmeatHamburg.OnedayIreceivedfromhimaletter，datedParis，withwhichhetransmittedtomeoneofthecrossesofthePolarStar，whichtheKingofSwedenhadleftathisdisposal.
BernadottewasnotverywellsatisfiedwithhisresidenceinParis，inspiteofthefriendshipwhichtheEmperorAlexanderconstantlymanifestedtowardshim.AfterafewdayshesetoutforSweden，havingfirsttakenleaveoftheComted’Artois.IdidnotseehimafterhisfarewellvisittotheCount，sothatIknownotwhatwasthenatureoftheconversationwhichpassedbetweenthetwoPrinces.
EndoftheMemoirsofNapoleon，V12，1814
MemoirsofNapoleonBonaparte，V13
byLouisAntoineFauveletdeBourrienneHisPrivateSecretaryEditedbyR.W.PhippsColonel，LateRoyalArtillery1891
CONTENTS：
CHAPTERI.toCHAPTERVI.1814—1815
CHAPTERI.
1814.
UnalterabledeterminationoftheAllieswithrespecttoNapoleon——
FontainebleauincludedinthelimitstobeoccupiedbytheAllies——
Alexander’sdeparturefromParis——Napoleoninformedofthenecessityofhisunconditionalabdication——MacdonaldandNeyagainsenttoParis——AllegedattemptofNapoleontopoisonhimself——FarewellinterviewbetweenMacdonaldandNapoleon——ThesabreofMuradBey——
Signatureoftheactofunconditionalabdication——TranquillityofParisduringthechangeofGovernment——UkaseoftheEmperorofRussiarelativetothePost—office——ReligiousceremonyonthePlaceLouisXV.——ArrivaloftheComted’Artois——HisentranceintoParis——
ArrivaloftheEmperorofAustria——SingularassemblageofsovereignsinFrance——VisitoftheEmperorofAustriatoMariaLouisa——HerinterviewwiththeEmperorAlexander——HerdepartureforVienna.
WhenMarmontleftParisonthereceiptoftheintelligencefromEssonne，MarshalsMacdonaldandNeyandtheDukeofVicenzawaitedupontheEmperorAlexandertolearnhisresolutionbeforehecouldhavebeeninformedofthemovementofMarmont’stroops.ImyselfwentduringthemorningtothehotelofM.deTalleyrand，anditwasthereIlearnthowwhatwehadhopedforhadbecomefact：thematterwascompletelydecided.
TheEmperorAlexanderhadwalkedoutatsixinthemorningtotheresidenceoftheKingofPrussiaintheRuedeBourbon.ThetwosovereignsafterwardsproceededtogethertoM.deTalleyrand’s，wheretheywerewhenNapoleon’sCommissionersarrived.TheCommissionersbeingintroducedtothetwosovereigns，theEmperorAlexander，inanswertotheirproposition，repliedthattheRegencywasimpossible，assubmissionstotheProvisionalGovernmentwerepouringinfromallparts，andthatifthearmyhadformedcontrarywishesthoseshouldhavebeensoonermadeknown."Sire，"observedMacdonald，"that——was——impossible，asnoneoftheMarshalswereinParis，andbesides，whocouldforeseetheturnwhichaffairshavetaken？CouldweimaginethatanunfoundedalarmwouldhaveremovedfromEssonnethecorpsoftheDukeofRagusa，whohasthismomentleftustobringhistroopsbacktoorder？"Thesewordsproducednochangeinthedeterminationofthesovereigns，whowouldhearofnothingbuttheunconditionalabdicationofNapoleon.BeforetheMarshalstookleaveoftheEmperorAlexandertheysolicitedanarmisticeofforty—eighthours，whichtimetheysaidwasindispensabletonegotiatetheactofabdicationwithNapoleon.Thisrequestwasgrantedwithouthesitation，andtheEmperorAlexander，showingMacdonaldamapoftheenvironsofParis，courteouslypresentedhimwithapencil，saying，"Here，Marshal，markyourselfthelimitstobeobservedbythetwoarmies."——"No，Sire，"repliedMacdonald，"wearetheconqueredparty，anditisforyoutomarkthelineofdemarcation."AlexanderdeterminedthattherightbankoftheSeineshouldbeoccupiedbytheAlliedtroops，andtheleftbankbytheFrench;butitwasobservedthatthisarrangementwouldbeattendedwithinconvenience，asitwouldcutParisintwo，anditwasagreedthatthelineshouldturnParis.IhavebeeninformedthatonamapsenttotheAustrianstafftoacquaintPrinceSchwartzenbergwiththelimitsdefinitivelyagreedon，Fontainebleau，theEmperor’sheadquarters，wasbysomeartfulmeansincludedwithintheline.TheAustriansactedsoimplicitlyonthisdirectionthatMarshalMacdonaldwasobligedtocomplainonthesubjecttoAlexander，whoremovedallobstacles.
When，indiscussingthequestionoftheabdicationconformablywiththeinstructionshehadreceived，MacdonaldobservedtotheEmperorAlexanderthatNapoleonwishedfornothingforhimself，"Assurehim，"repliedAlexander，"thataprovisionshallbemadeforhimworthyoftherankhehasoccupied.TellhimthatifhewishestoresideinmyStatesheshallbewellreceived，thoughhebroughtdesolationthere.Ishallalwaysrememberthefriendshipwhichunitedus.HeshallhavetheislandofElba，orsomethingelse.AftertakingleaveoftheEmperorAlexander，onthe5thofApril，Napoleon’sCommissionersreturnedtoFontainebleautorenderanaccountoftheirmission.IsawAlexanderthatsameday，anditappearedtomethathismindwasrelievedofagreatweightbythequestionoftheRegencybeingbroughttoanend.IwasinformedthatheintendedtoquitParisinafewdays，andthathehadgivenfullpowerstoM.Pozzo—di—Borgo，whomheappointedhisCommissionertotheProvisionalGovernment.
Onthesameday，the5thofApril，NapoleoninspectedhistroopsinthePalaceyardofFontainebleau.Heobservedsomecoolnessamonghisofficers，andevenamongtheprivatesoldiers，whohadevincedsuchenthusiasmwhenheinspectedthemonthe2dofApril.Hewassomuchaffectedbythischangeofconductthatheremainedbutashorttimeontheparade，andafterwardsretiredtohisapartments.
Aboutoneo’clockonthemorningofthe6thofAprilNey，Macdonald，andCaulaincourtarrivedatFontainebleautoacquainttheEmperorwiththeissueoftheirmission，andthesentimentsexpressedbyAlexanderwhentheytookleaveofhim.MarshalNeywasthefirsttoannouncetoNapoleonthattheAlliesrequiredhiscompleteandunconditionalabdication，unaccompaniedbyanystipulation，exceptthatofhispersonalsafety，whichshouldbeguaranteed.MarshalMacdonaldandtheDukeofVicenzathenspoketothesameeffect，butinmoregentletermsthanthoseemployedbyNey，whowasbutlittleversedinthecourtesiesofspeech.WhenMarshalMacdonaldhadfinishedspeakingNapoleonsaidwithsomeemotion，"Marshal，Iamsensibleofallthatyouhavedoneforme，andofthewarmthwithwhichyouhavepleadedthecauseofmyson.TheywishformycompleteandunconditionalabdicationVerywell.
Iagainempoweryoutoactonmybehalf.Youshallgoanddefendmyinterestsandthoseofmyfamily."Then，afteramoment’spause，headded，stilladdressingMacdonald，"Marshal，whereshallIgo？"
MacdonaldtheninformedtheEmperorwhatAlexanderhadmentionedinthehypothesisofhiswishingtoresideinRussia."Sire，"addedhe，"theEmperorofRussiatoldmethathedestinedforyoutheislandofElba，orsomethingelse."——"Orsomethingelse！"repeatedNapoleonhastily，"andwhatisthatsomethingelse？"——"Sire，Iknownot."——"Ah！itisdoubtlesstheislandofCorsica，andherefrainedfrommentioningittoavoidembarrassment！Marshal，Ileavealltoyou."
TheMarshalsreturnedtoParisassoonasNapoleonfurnishedthemwithnewpowers;CaulaincourtremainedatFontainebleau.OnarrivinginParisMarshalNeysentinhisadhesiontotheProvisionalGovernment，sothatwhenMacdonaldreturnedtoFontainebleautoconveytoNapoleonthedefinitivetreatyoftheAllies，Neydidnotaccompanyhim，andtheEmperorexpressedsurpriseanddissatisfactionathisabsence.Ney，asallhisfriendsconcurinadmitting，expendedhiswholeenergyinbattle，andoftenwantedresolutionwhenoutofthefield，consequentlyIwasnotsurprisedtofindthathejoinedusbeforesomeotherofhiscomrades.
AstoMacdonald，hewasoneofthosegenerousspiritswhomaybemostconfidentlyreliedonbythosewhohavewrongedthemNapoleonexperiencedthetruthofthis.MacdonaldreturnedalonetoFontainebleau，andwhenheenteredtheEmperor’schamberhefoundhimseatedinasmallarmchairbeforethefireplace.Hewasdressedinamorning—gownofwhitedimity，andlieworehisslipperswithoutstockings.Hiselbowsrestedonhiskneesandhisheadwassupportedbyhishands.Hewasmotionless，andseemedabsorbedinprofoundreflection.Onlytwopersonswereintheapartment，theDukeofBassano;
whowasatalittledistancefromtheEmperor，andCaulaincourt，whowasnearthefireplace.SoprofoundwasNapoleon’sreveriethathedidnothearMacdonaldenter，andtheDukeofVicenzawasobligedtoinformhimoftheMarshal’spresence."Sire，"saidCaulaincourt，"theDukeofTarantumhasbroughtforyoursignaturethetreatywhichistoberatifiedto—morrow."TheEmperorthen，asifrousedfromalethargicslumber，turnedtoMacdonald，andmerelysaid，"Ah，Marshal！soyouarehere！"Napoleon’scountenancewassoalteredthattheMarshal，struckwiththechange，said，asifitwereinvoluntarily，"IsyourMajestyindisposed？"——"Yes，"answeredNapoleon，"Ihavepassedaverybadnight."
TheEmperorcontinuedseatedforamoment，thenrising，hetookthetreaty，readitwithoutmakinganyobservation，signedit，andreturnedittotheMarshal，saying;"Iamnotnowrichenoughtorewardtheselastservices."——"Sire，interestneverguidedmyconduct."——"Iknowthat，andInowseehowIhavebeendeceivedrespectingyou.Ialsoseethedesignsofthosewhoprejudicedmeagainstyou."——"Sire，Ihavealreadytoldyou，since1809Iamdevotedtoyouinlifeanddeath."——"Iknowit.
ButsinceIcannotrewardyouasIwouldwish，letatokenofremembrance，inconsiderablethoughitbe，assureyouthatIshalleverbearinmindtheservicesyouhaverenderedme."ThenturningtoCaulaincourtNapoleonsaid，"Vicenza，askforthesabrewhichwasgivenmebyMuradBeyinEgypt，andwhichIworeatthebattleofMountThabor."Constanthavingbroughtthesabre，theEmperortookitfromthehandsofCaulaincourtandpresentedittotheMarshal"Here，myfaithfulfriend，"saidhe，"isarewardwhichIbelievewillgratifyyou."
Macdonaldonreceivingthesabresaid，"IfeverIhaveason，Sire，thiswillbehismostpreciousinheritance.IwillneverpartwithitaslongasIlive."——"Givemeyourhand，"saidtheEmperor，"andembraceme."
AtthesewordsNapoleonandMacdonaldaffectionatelyrushedintoeachother’sarms，andpartedwithtearsintheireyes.SuchwasthelastinterviewbetweenMacdonaldandNapoleon.IhadtheaboveparticularsfromtheMarshalhimselfin1814.，afewdaysafterhereturnedtoPariswiththetreatyratifiedbyNapoleon.
AftertheclausesofthetreatyhadbeenguaranteedNapoleonsigned，onthe11thofApril，atFontainebleau，hisactofabdication，whichwasinthefollowingterms：——
TheAlliedpowershavingproclaimedthattheEmperorNapoleonistheonlyobstacletothere—establishmentofpeaceinEurope，theEmperorNapoleon，faithfultohisoath，declaresthatherenouncesforhimselfandhisheirsthethronesofFranceandItaly，andthatthereisnopersonalsacrifice，eventhatoflife，whichheisnotreadytomakefortheinterestsofFrance."Seetheautographatside.]
ItwasnotuntilafterBonapartehadwrittenandsignedtheaboveactthatMarshalMacdonaldsenttotheProvisionalGovernmenthisrecognition，expressedinthefollowingdignifiedandsimplemanner：——
"BeingreleasedfrommyallegiancebytheabdicationoftheEmperorNapoleon，IdeclarethatIconformtotheactsoftheSenateandtheProvisionalGovernment."
ItisworthyofremarkthatNapoleon’sactofabdicationwaspublishedinthe’Moniteur’onthe12thofApril，theverydayonwhichtheComted’ArtoismadehisentryintoPariswiththetitleofLieutenant—GeneraloftheKin...完整阅读请扫描二维码下载丁香书院APP免费看：