InreadingthehistoryofthisperiodwefindthatinwhateverplaceNapoleonhappenedtobe，therewasthecentralpointofaction.TheaffairsofEuropewerearrangedathisheadquartersinthesamemannerasifhehadbeeninParis.Everythingdependedonhisgoodorbadfortune.
Espionage，seduction，falsepromises，exactions，——allwereputinforcetopromotethesuccessofhisprojects;buthisdespotism，whichexciteddissatisfactioninFrance，andhiscontinualaggressions，whichthreatenedtheindependenceofforeignStates，renderedhimmoreandmoreunpopulareverywhere.
ThebattleofTrafalgartookplacewhileNapoleonwasmarchingonVienna，andonthedayafterthecapitulationofUlm.ThesoutherncoastofSpainthenwitnessedanengagementbetweenthirty—oneFrenchandaboutanequalnumberofEnglishships，andinspiteofthisequalityofforcetheFrenchfleetwasdestroyed.——[Theactualforcespresentwere27Englishshipsofthelineand38Franco—Spanishshipsoftheline;seeJames’
NavalHistory，vol.iii.p.459.]
Thisgreatbattleaffordedanotherproofofournavalinferiority.
AdmiresCalderfirstgaveusthelessonwhichNelsoncompleted，butwhichcostthelatterhislife.AccordingtothereportswhichDuroctransmittedtome，couragegavemomentaryhopetotheFrench;buttheywereatlengthforcedtoyieldtothesuperiornavaltacticsoftheenemy.ThebattleofTrafalgarparalysedournavalforce，andbanishedallhopeofanyattemptagainstEngland.
ThefavourwhichtheKing，ofPrussiahadshowntoDurocwaswithdrawnwhenhisMajestyreceivedintelligenceofthemarchofBernadotte’stroopsthroughtheMargravateofAnspach.AllaccountsconcurredrespectingthejustumbragewhichthatviolationofterritoryoccasionedtotheKingofPrussia.TheagentswhomIhadinthatquarteroverwhelmedmewithreportsoftheexcessescommittedbytheFrenchinpassingthroughtheMargravate.AletterIreceivedfromDuroccontainsthefollowingremarksonthissubject：
ThecorpsofMarshalBernadottehaspassedthroughAnapachandbysomemisunderstandingthishasbeenregardedatBerlinasaninsulttotheKing，aviolencecommitteduponhisneutrality.Howcanitbesupposed，especiallyunderpresentcircumstances，thattheEmperorcouldhaveanyintentionofinsultingorcommittingviolenceuponhisfriend？Besides，thereportshavebeenexaggerated，andhavebeenmadebypersonswhowishtofavourourenemiesratherthanus.However，IamperfectlyawarethatMarshalBernadotte’s70，000
menarenot70，000virgins.Bethisasitmay，thebusinessmighthavebeenfatal，andwill，atallevents，beveryinjurioustous.
LaforeatandIaretreatedveryharshly，thoughwedonotdeserveit.Alltheidlestoriesthathavebeengotupheremusthavereachedyou.ProbablyPrussiawillnotforgetthatFrancewas，andstillmaybe，theonlypowerinterestedinhergloryandaggrandisement.
AttheendofOctobertheKingofPrussia，farfromthinkingofwar，butincaseofitsoccurrencewishingtocheckitsdisastersasfaraspossible，proposedtoestablishalineofneutrality.ThiswasthefirstideaoftheConfederationoftheNorth.Duroc，fearinglesttheRussiansshouldenterHamburg，advisedme，asafriend，toadoptprecautions.ButIwasonthespot;Iknewallthemovementthelittledetachedcorps，andIwasundernoapprehension.
TheeditoroftheHamburg’Correspondent’sentmeeveryeveningaproofofthenumberwhichwastoappearnextday，——afavourwhichwasgrantedonlytotheFrenchMinister.Onthe20thofNovemberIreceivedtheproofasusual，andsawnothingobjectionableinit.Howgreat，therefore，wasmyastonishmentwhennextmorningIreadinthesamejournalanarticlepersonallyinsultingtotheEmperor，andinwhichthelegitimatesovereignsofEuropewerecalledupontoundertakeacrusadeagainsttheusurperetc.IimmediatelysentforM.Doormann，firstSyndicoftheSenateofHamburg.WhenheappearedhismortifiedlooksufficientlyinformedmethatheknewwhatIhadtosaytohim.I
reproachedhimsharply，andaskedhimhow，afterallIhadtoldhimoftheEmperor’ssusceptibility，hecouldpermittheinsertionofsuchanarticle.Iobservedtohimthatthisindecorousdiatribehadnoofficialcharacter，sinceithadnosignature;andthat，therefore，hehadactedindirectoppositiontoadecreeoftheSenate，whichprohibitedtheinsertioninthejournalsofanyarticleswhichwerenotsigned.Itoldhimplainlythathisimprudencemightbeattendedwithseriousconsequences.M.Doormanndidnotattempttojustifyhimaeltbutmerelyexplainedtomehowthethinghadhappened.
Onthe20thofNovember，intheevening，M.Forshmann，theRussiancharged’affaireswhohadinthecourseofthedayarrivedfromtheRussianheadquarterspresentedtotheeditoroftheCorrespondentthearticleinquestion.Theeditor，afterreadingthearticle，whichhethoughtexceedinglyindecorous，observedtoM.Forshmannthathispaperwasalreadymadeup，whichwasthefact，forIhadseenaproof.
M.Forshmann，however，insistedontheinsertionofthearticle.TheeditorthentoldhimthathecouldnotadmititwithouttheapprobationoftheSyndicCensor.M.ForshmannimmediatelywaiteduponM.Doormann，andwhenthelatterbeggedthathewouldnotinsistontheinsertionofthearticle，M.ForshmannproducedaletterwritteninFrench，which，amongotherthings，containedthefollowing："YouwillgettheenclosedarticleinsertedintheCorrespondentwithoutsufferingasinglewordtobealtered.Shouldthecensorrefuse，youmustapplytothedirectingBurgomaster，and，incaseofhisrefusal，toGeneralTolstoy，whowilldevisesomemeansofrenderingtheSenatemorecomplying，andforcingittoobserveanimpartialdeference."
M.Doorman，thinkinghecouldnottakeuponhimselftoallowtheinsertionofthearticle，went，accompaniedbyM.Forshmann，towaituponM.VonGraffen，thedirectingBurgomaster.MM.DoormanandVonGraffenearnestlypointedouttheimproprietyofinsertingthearticle;butM.
Forshmannreferredtohisorder，andaddedthatthecomplianceoftheSenateonthispointwastheonlymeansofavoidinggreatmischief.TheBurgomasterandtheSyndic，findingthemselvesthusforcedtoadmitthearticle，entreatedthatthefollowingpassageatleastmightbesuppressed："Iknowacertainchief，who，indefianceofalllawsdivineandhuman，——incontemptofthehatredheinspiresinEurope，aswellasamongthosewhomhehasreducedtobehissubjects，keepspossessionofausurpedthronebyviolenceandcrime.HisinsatiableambitionwouldsubjectallEuropetohisrule.Butthetimeiscomeforavengingtherightsofnations"M.Forshmannagainreferredtohisorders，andwithsomedegreeofviolenceinsistedontheinsertionofthearticleinitscompleteform.TheBurgomasterthenauthorisedtheeditoroftheCorrespondenttoprintthearticlethatnight，andM.Forshmann，havingobtainedthatauthority，carriedthearticletotheofficeathalf—pasteleveno’clock.
SuchwastheaccountgivenmebyM.Doormann.IobservedthatIdidnotunderstandhowtheimaginaryapprehensionofanyviolenceonthepartofRussiashouldhaveinducedhimtoadmitsoinsolentanattackuponthemostpowerfulsovereigninEurope，whosearmswouldsoondictatelawstoGermany.TheSyndicdidnotdissemblehisfearoftheEmperor’sresentment，whileatthesametimeheexpressedahopethattheEmperorwouldtakeintoconsiderationtheextremedifficultyofasmallpowermaintainingneutralityintheextraordinarycircumstancesinwhichHamburgwasplaced，andthatthearticlesmightbesaidtohavebeenpresentedalmostatthepointoftheCossacks’spears.M.Doormannaddedthatarefusal，whichworldhavebroughtRussiantroopstoHamburg，mighthavebeenattendedbyveryunpleasantconsequencestome，andmighthavecommittedtheSenateinaverydifferentway.Ibeggedofhim，onceforall，tosetasideintheseaffairsallconsiderationofmypersonaldanger：andtheSyndic，afteraconversationofmorethantwohours，departedmoreuneasyinhismindthanwhenhearrived，andconjuringmetogiveafaithfulreportofthefactsastheyhadhappened.
M.Doormannwasaveryworthyman，andIgaveafavourablerepresentationofhisexcusesandofthereadinesswhichhehadalwaysevincedtokeepoutoftheCorrespondentarticleshostiletoFrance;as，forexample，thecommencementofaproclamationoftheEmperorofGermanytohissubjects，andacompleteproclamationoftheKingofSweden.Asithappened，thegoodSyndicescapedwithnothingworsethanafright;Iwasmyselfastonishedatthesuccessofmyintercession.IlearnedfromtheMinisterforForeignAffairsthattheEmperorwasfuriouslyindignantonreadingthearticle，inwhichtheFrencharmywasoutragedaswellashe.
Indeed，hepaidbutlittleattentiontoinsultsdirectedagainsthimselfpersonally.Theireternalrepetitionhadinuredhimtothem;butattheideaofhisarmybeinginsultedhewasviolentlyenraged，andutteredthemostterriblethreats.
ItisworthyofremarkthattheSwedishandEnglishMinisters，assoonastheyreadthearticle，waitedupontheeditoroftheCorrespondent，andexpressedtheirastonishmentthatsuchalibelshouldhavebeenpublished."Victoriousarmies，"saidthey，"shouldbeansweredbycannonballsandnotbyinsultsasgrossastheyareridiculous."ThisopinionwassharedbyalltheforeignersatthattimeinHamburg.
CHAPTERXXXIV.
1805
DifficultiesofmysituationatHamburg——Toilandresponsibility——
Supervisionoftheemigrants——ForeignMinisters——Journals——PacketfromStrasburg——BonapartefondofnarratingGiulio，anextemporerecitationofastorycomposedbytheEmperor.
ThebriefdetailIhavegiveninthetwoorthreeprecedingchaptersoftheeventswhichoccurredpreviouslytoandduringthecampaignofAusterlitz，withthelettersofDurocandBernadotte，mayaffordthereadersomeideaofmysituationduringtheearlypartofmyresidenceinHamburg.Eventssucceededeachotherwithsuchincrediblerapidityastorendermylabourexcessive.Myoccupationsweredifferent，butnotlesslaborious，thanthosewhichIformerlyperformedwhenneartheEmperor;
and，besides，IwasnowloadedwitharesponsibilitywhichdidnotattachtomeastheprivatesecretaryofGeneralBonaparteandtheFirstConsul.
Ihad，infact，tomaintainaconstantwatchovertheemigrantsinAltona，whichwasnoeasymatter——tocorresponddailywiththeMinisterforForeignAffairsandtheMinisterofPolice——toconferwiththeforeignMinistersaccreditedatHamburg——tomaintainactiverelationswiththecommandersoftheFrencharmy——tointerrogatemysecretagents，andkeepastrictsurveillanceovertheirproceedings;itwas，besides，necessarytobeunceasinglyonthewatchforscurrilousarticlesagainstNapoleonintheHamburg’Corespondent’.Ishallfrequentlyhaveoccasiontospeakofallthesethings，andespeciallyofthemostmarkedemigrants，inamannerlessirregular，becausewhatIhavehithertosaidmay，insomesort，beconsideredmerelyasasummaryofallthefactsrelatingtotheoccurrenceswhichdailypassedbeforemyeyes.
InthemidstofthesemultifariousandweightyoccupationsIreceivedapacketwiththeStrasburgpostmarkatthetimetheEmpresswasinthatcity.Thispackethadnottheusualformofadiplomaticdespatch，andthesuperscriptionannouncedthatitcamefromtheresidenceofJosephine.Myreaders，Iventuretopresume，willnotexperiencelessgratificationthanIdidonaperusalofitscontents，whichwillbefoundattheendofthischapter;butbeforesatisfyingthecuriositytowhichIhaveperhapsgivenbirth，ImayhererelatethatoneofthepeculiaritiesofBonapartewasafondnessofextemporenarration;anditappearshehadnotdiscontinuedthepracticeevenafterhebecameEmperor.
Infact，Bonaparte，duringthefirstyearafterhiselevationtotheImperialthrone，usuallypassedthoseeveningsintheapartmentsoftheEmpresswhichhecouldstealfrompublicbusiness.Throwinghimselfonasofa，hewouldremainabsorbedingloomysilence，whichnoonedaredtointerrupt.Sometimes，however，onthecontrary，hewouldgivethereinstohisvividimaginationandhisloveofthemarvelous，or，tospeakmorecorrectly，hisdesiretoproduceeffect，whichwasperhapsoneofhisstrongestpassions，andwouldrelatelittleromances，whichwerealwaysofafearfuldescriptionandinunisonwiththenaturalturnofhisideas.Duringthoserecitalstheladies—in—waitingwerealwayspresent，tooneofwhomIamindebtedforthefollowingstory，whichshehadwrittennearlyinthewordsofNapoleon."Never，"saidthisladyinherlettertome，"didtheEmperorappearmoreextraordinary.Ledawaybythesubject，hepacedthesalonwithhastystrides;theintonationsofhisvoicevariedaccordingtothecharactersofthepersonageshebroughtonthescene;heseemedtomultiplyhimselfinordertoplaythedifferentparts，andnopersonneededtofeigntheterrorwhichhereallyinspired，andwhichhelovedtoseedepictedinthecountenancesofthosewhosurroundedhim."InthistaleIhavemadenoalterations，ascanbeattestedbythosewho，tomyknowledge，haveacopyofit.ItiscurioustocomparetheimpassionedportionsofitwiththestyleofNapoleoninsomeofthelettersaddressedtoJosephine.
EndofTheMemoirsofNapoleon，V8，1805
byLouisAntoineFauveletdeBourrienneMemoirsofNapoleonBonaparte，V9
byLouisAntoineFauveletdeBourrienneHisPrivateSecretaryEditedbyR.W.PhippsColonel，LateRoyalArtillery1891
CONTENTS：
CHAPTERI.toCHAPTERX.1805—1807
CHAPTERI.
1805.
AbolitionoftheRepublicancalendar——WarlikepreparationsinAustria——Planforre—organizingtheNationalGuard——NapoleoninStrasburg——GeneralMack——Proclamation——CaptainBernard’sreconnoiteringmission——TheEmperor’spretendedangerandrealsatisfaction——InformationrespectingRagusacommunicatedbyBernard——Rapidanddeservedpromotion——GeneralBernard’sretirementtotheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
IhadbeenthreemonthsatHamburgwhenIlearnedthattheEmperorhadatlastresolvedtoabolishtheonlyremainingmemorialoftheRepublic，namely，therevolutionarycalendar.Thatcalendarwasindeedanabsurdinnovation，forthenewdenominationsofthemonthswerenotapplicableinallplaces，eveninFrance;thecornofProvencedidnotwaittobeopenedbythesunofthemonthofMessidor.Onthe9thofSeptembera’Senates—consulte’decreedthatonthe1stofJanuaryfollowingthemonthsanddaysshouldresumetheirownnames.IreadwithmuchinterestLaplace’sreporttotheSenate，andmustconfessIwasverygladtoseetheGregoriancalendaragainacknowledgedbylaw，asithadalreadybeenacknowledgedinfact.Frenchmeninforeigncountriesexperiencedparticularinconveniencefromtheadoptionofasystemdifferentfromalltherestoftheworld.
AfewdaysaftertherevivaloftheoldcalendartheEmperordepartedforthearmy.WhenatHamburgitmaywellbesupposedthatIwasanxioustoobtainnews，andIreceivedplentyfromtheinteriorofGermanyandfromsomefriendsinParis.ThiscorrespondenceenablesmetopresenttomyreadersacomprehensiveandaccuratepictureofthestateofpublicaffairsuptothetimewhenNapoleontookthefield.Ihavealreadymentionedhowartfullyhealwaysmadeitappearthathewasanxiousforpeace，andthathewasalwaysthepartyattacked;his，conductprevioustothefirstconquestofViennaaffordsastrikingexampleofthisartifice.ItwasprettyevidentthatthetransformationoftheCisalpineRepublicintothekingdomofItaly，andtheunionofGenoatoFrancewereinfractionsoftreaties;yettheEmperor，nevertheless，pretendedthataLltheinfractionswerecommittedbyAustria.Thetruthis，thatAustriawasraisingleviesassecretlyaspossible，andcollectinghertroopsonthefrontiersofBavaria.AnAustriancorpsevenpenetratedintosomeprovincesoftheElectorate;allthisaffordedNapoleonapretestforgoingtotheaidofhisallies.
InthememorablesittingprecedinghisdeparturetheEmperorpresentedaprojectofa’Senatus—consulte’relativetothere—organisationoftheNationalGuard.TheMinisterforForeignAffairsreadanexplanationofthereciprocalconductofFranceandAustriasincethepeaceofLuneville，inwhichtheoffencesofFrancewereconcealedwithwonderfulskill.BeforethesittingbrokeuptheEmperoraddressedthemembers，statingthathewasabouttoleavethecapitaltoplacehimselfattheheadofthearmytoaffordpromptsuccourtohisallies，anddefendthedearestinterestsofhispeople.Heboastedofhiswishtopreservepeace，whichAustriaandRussia，ashealleged，had，throughtheinfluenceofEngland，beeninducedtodisturb.
ThisaddressproducedaverypowerfulimpressioninHamburg.Formypart，IrecognisedinitNapoleon’susualboastingstrain;butonthisoccasioneventsseemedbentonjustifyingit.TheEmperormaycertainlyhaveperformedmorescientificcampaignsthanthatofAusterlitz，butneveranymoregloriousinresults.Everythingseemedtopartakeofthemarvellous，andIhaveoftenthoughtofthesecretjoywhichBonapartemusthavefeltonseeinghimselfatlastanthepointofcommencingagreatwarinGermany，forwhichhehadsooftenexpressedanardentdesire.HeproceededfirsttoStrasburg，whitherJosephineaccompaniedhim.
AllthereportsthatIreceivedagreedwiththestatementsofmyprivatecorrespondenceindescribingtheincredibleenthusiasmwhichprevailedinthearmyonlearningthatitwastomarchintoGermany.ForthefirsttimeNapoleonhadrecoursetoanexpeditiousmodeoftransport，and20，000carriagesconveyedhisarmy，asifbyenchantment，fromtheshoresoftheChanneltothebanksoftheRhine.Theideaofanactivecampaignfiredtheambitionofthejuniorpartofthearmy.Alldreamedofglory，andofspeedypromotion，andallhopedtodistinguishthemselvesbeforetheeyesofachiefwhowasidolisedbyhistroops.ThusduringhisshortstayatStrasburgtheEmperormightwithreasonprophesythesuccesswhichcrownedhiseffortsunderthewallsofVienna.
Rapp，whoaccompaniedhim，informedmethatonleavingStrasburgheobserved，inthepresenceofseveralpersons，"ItwillbesaidthatI
madeMack’splanofcampaignforhim.TheCaudineForksareatUlm."
——[ThisallusiontotheCaudineForkswasalwaysinNapoleon’smouthwhenhesawanenemy’sarmyconcentratedonapoint，andforesawitsdefeat——Bourrienne.]——
ExperienceprovedthatBonapartewasnotdeceived;butIoughtonthisoccasiontocontradictacalumniousreportcirculatedatthattime，andsincemaliciouslyrepeated.IthasbeensaidthatthereexistedanunderstandingbetweenMackandBonaparte，andthatthegeneralwasboughtovertodeliverupthegatesofUlm.Ihavereceivedpositiveproofthatthisassertionisascandalousfalsehood;andtheonlythingthatcouldgiveitweightwasNapoleon’sintercessionafterthecampaignthatMackmightnotbeputonhistrial.InthisintercessionNapoleonwasactuatedonlybyhumanity.
OntakingthefieldNapoleonplacedhimselfattheheadoftheBavarians，withwhombeopposedtheenemy’sarmybeforethearrivalofhisowntroops.Assoonastheywereassembledhepublishedthefollowingproclamation，whichstillfurtherexcitedtheardourofthetroops.
SOLDIERS——Thewarofthethirdcoalitioniscommenced.TheAustrianarmyhaspassedtheInn，violatedtreaties，attackedanddrivenourallyfromhiscapital.Youyourselveshavebeenobligedtohasten，byforcedmarches，tothedefenceofourfrontiers.ButyouhavenowpassedtheRhine;andwewillnotstoptillwehavesecuredtheindependenceoftheGermanicbody，succouredourallies，andhumbledtheprideofourunjustassailants.Wewillnotagainmakepeacewithoutasufficientguarantee！Ourgenerosityshallnotagainwrongourpolicy.Soldiers，yourEmperorisamongyou！Youarebuttheadvancedguardofthegreatpeople.Ifitbenecessarytheywillallriseatmycalltoconfoundanddissolvethisnewleague，whichhasbeencreatedbythemaliceandthegoldofEngland.
But，soldiers，weshallhaveforcedmarchestomake，fatiguesandprivationsofeverykindtoendure.Still，whateverobstaclesmaybeopposedtous，wewillconquerthem;andwewillneverrestuntilwehaveplantedoureaglesontheterritoryofourenemies！
Intheconfidentialnotesofhisdiplomaticagents，inhisspeeches，andinhisproclamations，Napoleonalwaysdescribedhimselfastheattackedparty，andperhapshisveryearnestnessinsodoingsufficedtorevealthetruthtoallthosewhohadlearnedtoreadhisthoughtsdifferentlyfromwhathiswordsexpressedthem.
AtthecommencementofthecampaignofAusterlitzacircumstanceoccurredfromwhichistobedatedthefortuneofaverymeritoriousman.WhiletheEmperorwasatStrasburgheaskedGeneralMarescot，thecommander—in—
chiefoftheengineers，whetherhecouldrecommendfromhiscorpsabrave，prudent，andintelligentyoungofficer，capableofbeingentrustedwithanimportantreconnoiteringmission.TheofficerselectedbyGeneralMarescotwasacaptainintheengineers，namedBernard，whohadbeeneducatedinthePolytechnicSchool.Hesetoffonhismission，advancedalmosttoVienna，andreturnedtotheheadquartersoftheEmperoratthecapitulationofUlm.
Bonaparteinterrogatedhimhimself，andwaswellsatisfiedwithhisreplies;but，notcontentwithansweringverballythequestionsputbyNapoleon，CaptainBernardhaddrawnupareportofwhatheobserved，andthedifferentrouteswhichmightbetaken.AmongotherthingsheobservedthatitwouldbeagreatadvantagetodirectthewholearmyuponVie...完整阅读请扫描二维码下载丁香书院APP免费看：