Ath。Anddoesnotthelegislatorandeveryonewhoisgoodforanything，holdthisfearinthegreatesthonour？Thisiswhathetermsreverence，andtheconfidencewhichisthereverseofthishetermsinsolence；andthelatterhealwaysdeemstobeaverygreatevilbothtoindividualsandtostates。
　　Cle。True。
　　Ath。Doesnotthiskindoffearpreserveusinmanyimportantways？Whatistherewhichsosurelygivesvictoryandsafetyinwar？
　　Fortherearetwothingswhichgivevictory-confidencebeforeenemies，andfearofdisgracebeforefriends。
　　Cle。Thereare。
　　Ath。Theneachofusshouldbefearlessandalsofearful；andwhyweshouldbeeitherhasnowbeendetermined。
　　Cle。Certainly。
　　Ath。Andwhenwewanttomakeanyonefearless，weandthelawbringhimfacetofacewithmanyfears。
　　Cle。Clearly。
　　Ath。Andwhenwewanttomakehimrightlyfearful，mustwenotintroducehimtoshamelesspleasures，andtrainhimtotakeuparmsagainstthem，andtoovercomethem？Ordoesthisprincipleapplytocourageonly，andmusthewhowouldbeperfectinvalourfightagainstandovercomehisownnaturalcharacter-sinceifhebeunpractisedandinexperiencedinsuchconflicts，hewillnotbehalfthemanwhichhemighthavebeen-andarewetosuppose，thatwithtemperanceitisotherwise，andthathewhohasneverfoughtwiththeshamelessandunrighteoustemptationsofhispleasuresandlusts，andconqueredthem，inearnestandinplay，byword，deed，andact，willstillbeperfectlytemperate？
　　Cle。Amostunlikelysupposition。
　　Ath。SupposethatsomeGodhadgivenafear-potiontomen，andthatthemoreamandrankofthisthemoreheregardedhimselfateverydraughtasachildofmisfortune，andthathefearedeverythinghappeningorabouttohappentohim；andthatatlastthemostcourageousofmenutterlylosthispresenceofmindforatime，andonlycametohimselfagainwhenhehadsleptofftheinfluenceofthedraught。
　　Cle。Buthassuchadraught，Stranger，everreallybeenknownamongmen？
　　Ath。No；but，iftherehadbeen，mightnotsuchadraughthavebeenofusetothelegislatorasatestofcourage？Mightwenotgoandsaytohim，“Olegislator，whetheryouarelegislatingfortheCretan，orforanyotherstate，wouldyounotliketohaveatouchstoneofthecourageandcowardiceofyourcitizens？“
　　Cle。“Ishould，“willbetheanswerofeveryone。
　　Ath。“Andyouwouldratherhaveatouchstoneinwhichthereisnoriskandnogreatdangerthanthereverse？“
　　Cle。Inthatpropositioneveryonemaysafelyagree。
　　Ath。“Andinordertomakeuseofthedraught，youwouldleadthemamidtheseimaginaryterrors，andprovethem，whentheaffectionoffearwasworkinguponthem，andcompelthemtobefearless，exhortingandadmonishingthem；andalsohonouringthem，butdishonouringanyonewhowillnotbepersuadedbyyoutobeinallrespectssuchasyoucommandhim；andifheunderwentthetrialwellandmanfully，youwouldlethimgounscathed；butifill，youwouldinflictapunishmentuponhim？Orwouldyouabstainfromusingthepotionaltogether，althoughyouhavenoreasonforabstaining？“
　　Cle。Hewouldbecertain，Stranger，tousethepotion。
　　Ath。Thiswouldbeamodeoftestingandtrainingwhichwouldbewonderfullyeasyincomparisonwiththosenowinuse，andmightbeappliedtoasingleperson，ortoafew，orindeedtoanynumber；
　　andhewoulddowellwhoprovidedhimselfwiththepotiononly，ratherthanwithanynumberofotherthings，whetherhepreferredtobebyhimselfinsolitude，andtherecontendwithhisfears，becausehewasashamedtobeseenbytheeyeofmanuntilhewasperfect；ortrustingtotheforceofhisownnatureandhabits，andbelievingthathehadbeenalreadydisciplinedsufficiently，hedidnothesitatetotrainhimselfincompanywithanynumberofothers，anddisplayhispowerinconqueringtheirresistiblechangeeffectedbythedraught-hisvirtuebeingsuch，thatheneverinanyinstancefellintoanygreatunseemliness，butwasalwayshimself，andleftoffbeforehearrivedatthelastcup，fearingthathe，likeallothermen，mightbeovercomebythepotion。
　　Cle。Yes，Stranger，inthatlastcase，too，hemightequallyshowhisself-control。
　　Ath。Letusreturntothelawgiver，andsaytohim：-“Well，lawgiver，thereiscertainlynosuchfear-potionwhichmanhaseitherreceivedfromtheGodsorhimselfdiscovered；forwitchcrafthasnoplaceatourboard。Butisthereanypotionwhichmightserveasatestofoverboldnessandexcessiveandindiscreetboasting？
　　Cle。Isupposethathewillsay，Yes-meaningthatwineissuchapotion。
　　Ath。Isnottheeffectofthisquitetheoppositeoftheeffectoftheother？Whenamandrinkswinehebeginstobebetterpleasedwithhimself，andthemorehedrinksthemoreheisfilledfullofbravehopes，andconceitofhispower，andatlastthestringofhistongueisloosened，andfancyinghimselfwise，heisbrimmingoverwithlawlessness，andhasnomorefearorrespect，andisreadytodoorsayanything。
　　Cle。Ithinkthateveryonewilladmitthetruthofyourdescription。
　　Meg。Certainly。
　　Ath。Now，letusremember，asweweresaying，thattherearetwothingswhichshouldbecultivatedinthesoul：first，thegreatestcourage；secondly，thegreatestfear-
　　Cle。Whichyousaidtobecharacteristicofreverence，ifIamnotmistaken。
　　Ath。Thankyouforremindingme。Butnow，asthehabitofcourageandfearlessnessistobetrainedamidfears，letusconsiderwhethertheoppositequalityisnotalsotobetrainedamongopposites。
　　Cle。Thatisprobablythecase。
　　Ath。Therearetimesandseasonsatwhichwearebynaturemorethancommonlyvaliantandbold；nowweoughttotrainourselvesontheseoccasionstobeasfreefromimpudenceandshamelessnessaspossible，andtobeafraidtosayorsufferordoanythingthatisbase。
　　Cle。True。
　　Ath。Arenotthemomentsinwhichweareapttobeboldandshamelesssuchasthese？-whenweareundertheinfluenceofanger，love，pride，ignorance，avarice，cowardice？orwhenwealth，beauty，strength，andalltheintoxicatingworkingsofpleasuremaddenus？
　　Whatisbetteradaptedthanthefestiveuseofwine，inthefirstplacetotest，andinthesecondplacetotrainthecharacterofaman，ifcarebetakenintheuseofit？Whatistherecheaper，ormoreinnocent？Fordobutconsiderwhichisthegreaterrisk：-Wouldyourathertestamanofamoroseandsavagenature，whichisthesourceoftenthousandactsofinjustice，bymakingbargainswithhimatarisktoyourself，orbyhavinghimasacompanionatthefestivalofDionysus？Orwouldyou，ifyouwantedtoapplyatouchstonetoamanwhoispronetolove，entrustyourwife，oryoursons，ordaughterstohim，perillingyourdearestinterestsinordertohaveaviewoftheconditionofhissoul？Imightmentionnumberlesscases，inwhichtheadvantagewouldbemanifestofgettingtoknowacharacterinsport，andwithoutpayingdearlyforexperience。AndIdonotbelievethateitheraCretan，oranyotherman，willdoubtthatsuchatestisafairtest，andsafer，cheaper，andspeedierthananyother。
　　Cle。Thatiscertainlytrue。
　　Ath。Andthisknowledgeofthenaturesandhabitsofmen’ssoulswillbeofthegreatestuseinthatartwhichhasthemanagementofthem；andthatart，ifIamnotmistaken，ispolitics。
　　Cle。Exactlyso。
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　　AthenianStranger。Andnowwehavetoconsiderwhethertheinsightintohumannatureistheonlybenefitderivedfromwellorderedpotations，orwhethertherearenototheradvantagesgreatandmuchtobedesired。Theargumentseemstoimplythatthereare。Buthowandinwhatwaythesearetobeattained，willhavetobeconsideredattentively，orwemaybeentangledinerror。
　　Cleinias。Proceed。
　　Ath。Letmeoncemorerecallourdoctrineofrighteducation；which，ifIamnotmistaken，dependsonthedueregulationofconvivialintercourse。
　　Cle。Youtalkrathergrandly。
　　Ath。PleasureandpainImaintaintobethefirstperceptionsofchildren，andIsaythattheyaretheformsunderwhichvirtueandviceareoriginallypresenttothem。Astowisdomandtrueandfixedopinions，happyisthemanwhoacquiresthem，evenwhendeclininginyears；andwemaysaythathewhopossessesthem，andtheblessingswhicharecontainedinthem，isaperfectman。NowImeanbyeducationthattrainingwhichisgivenbysuitablehabitstothefirstinstinctsofvirtueinchildren；-whenpleasure，andfriendship，andpain，andhatred，arerightlyimplantedinsoulsnotyetcapableofunderstandingthenatureofthem，andwhofindthem，aftertheyhaveattainedreason，tobeinharmonywithher。Thisharmonyofthesoul，takenasawhole，isvirtue；buttheparticulartraininginrespectofpleasureandpain，whichleadsyoualwaystohatewhatyououghttohate，andlovewhatyououghttolovefromthebeginningoflifetotheend，maybeseparatedoff；and，inmyview，willberightlycallededucation。
　　Cle。Ithink，Stranger，thatyouarequiterightinallthatyouhavesaidandaresayingabouteducation。