首页 >出版文学> Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples>第39章
  PrehistoricAmerica。BytheMarquisdeNadaillac。Translated,withthepermissionoftheAuthor,byNancyBellN。D’Anvers,authorof“HistoryofArt。“Edited,withnotes,byW。H。Dall。Popularedition。$225
  CHIEFCONTENTS——ManandtheMastodon——TheKjokkenmoddingsandCaveRelics——Mound-Builders——PotteryWeaponsandOrnamentsoftheMound-Builders——Cliff-DwellersandInhabitantsofthePueblos——PeopleofCentralAmerica——CentralAmericanRuins——Peru——
  EarlyRace——OriginoftheAmericanAborigines,etc。,etc。
  “Thebestbookonthissubjectthathasyetbeenpublished,……forthereasonthat,asarecordoffacts,itisunusuallyfull,andbecauseitisthefirstcomprehensiveworkinwhich,discardingalltheoldandworn-outnostrumsabouttheexistenceonthiscontinentofanextinctcivilization,wearebroughtfacetofacewithconclusionsthatarebaseduponacarefulcomparisonofarchitecturalandotherprehistoricremainswiththeartsandindustries,themannersandcustoms,of“theonlypeople,exceptthewhites,who,sofarasweknow,haveeverheldtheregionsinwhichtheseremainsarefound。“——NATION。
  TheCustomsandMonumentsofPrehistoricPeoples。BytheMarquisdeNadaillac。Translated,withthepermissionoftheAuthor,byNancyBellN。D’Anvers。Fullyillustrated。8vo。$300
  CHIEFCONTENTS——TheStoneAge,itsDuration,anditsPlaceinTime——Food,Cannibalism,Mammals,Fish,HuntingandFishing,Navigation——Weapons,Tools,Pottery;OriginoftheUseofFire,Clothing,Ornaments;EarlyArtisticEfforts——Caves,Kitchen-Middings,LakeStations,“Terremares,“Crannoges,Burghs,“Nurhags,““Talayoti,“
  and“Truddhi“——MegalithicMonuments——Industry,Commerce,SocialOrganization;Fights,WoundsandTrepanation——Camps,Fortifications,VitrifiedForts;Santorin;theTownsupontheHillofHissarlik——
  Tombs——Index。
  PlinycallsthemCERAUNIAGEMMA“NaturalHistory,“bookii。,ch。59bookxxxvii。,ch。51。
  S。ReinachprovesclearlyenoughthatthecollectionsoftheEmperorAugustuswerefromCapri。
  Thisskeletonwasdiscoveredin1726byScheuchzer,adoctorofOEningen,andbyhimplacedintheLeydenMuseum,withthepompousinscriptionHOMODILUVIITESTISPHILOSOPHICALTRANSACTIONS,vol。xxxiv。。Cuvier,byscrapingawaythestone,revealedthetruenatureofthefossil。
  “OssiumFossiliumDocimasia。“
  “Mem。Acad。desInscriptions,“1734,vol。x。,p。163。
  ARCHAEOLOGIA,vol。ii。,p。118。
  ARCHAEOLOGIA,vol。xiii。,p。105。
  Castelfranco:REVUED’ANTHROPOLOGIE,1887。
  ANNALESDESSCIENCESNATURELLES,vol。xvii。,p。607。Cartailhac:MATERIAUX,1884“RecherchessurlesOssementsFossilesdelaProvincedeLiege。“
  ATHENAEUM,16July,1859。
  “DiscourssurlesRevolutionsduGlobe,“thirdedition,p。13,Paris,Didot,1861。
  ACAD。DESSCIENCES,18thand23dMay,1863。
  Lubbock:“OntheEvidenceoftheAntiquityofManAffordedbythePhysicalStructureoftheSommeValley“NAT。HIST。REVIEW,vol。ii。。Prestwich:“OntheOccurrenceofFlintImplementsAssociatedwiththeRemainsofExtinctSpeciesinBedsofaLateGeologicalPeriod“PHIL。TRANS。,1860。Evans:“FlintImplementsintheDrift“
  Cartailhac:“L’AgedePierredanslesSouvenirsetlesSuperstitionsPopulaires。“
  Ashorttimebeforehistragicend,thenobleandpatrioticGordonsenttoCairothreehatchetsorstonewedgesfoundamongsttheNiams-Niams,whosaidtheyhadfallenfromHeaven,andwhoworshippedthenwithsuperstitiousritesBULL。INSTITUTEGYPTIEN,1886,No。
  “MuseoMoscardo,“Padova,1656。
  [AccordingtoM。PitredeLisle,theBretonsthinkthatthesestonesvibrateateveryclapofthunder。
  Roulin:ACAD。DESSCIENCES,December
  “Congresd’Anthropologieetd’ArcheologiePrehistorique,“
  Paris,1889。
  CouncilofArlesin452,ofToursin567,ofNantesin658,ofToledoin681and692,andofLeptisin743。
  Baluze:“CapitulariaRegumFrancorum,“vol。i。,pp。518,1231,1237。
  Steenstrup,Forchammer,Thomsen,Worsaae,andNillsson。ThecommissionappointedbytheCopenhagenAcademyofSciencespresentedsixreportsonthesubjectbetween1850and1856。
  “DieAnfangdesEisensCultur,“Berlin,1886。
  ArcheologieCeltiqueetGauloise,“p。46。
  Dr。Much:“L’AgedeCuivreenEuropeetsonRapportaveclaCivilisationdesIndo-Germains,“Vienna,1886。Pulsky:“DieKupferZeitimUngarn,“Budapest,1884。Cartailhac:“AgesPrehistoriquesdel’EspagneetduPortugal,“p。211。E。Chantre:MAT。,June,1887;
  andBerthelot:JOURNALDESSAVANTS,September,1889。
  IreneeCochut:“ThesepresenteealaFacultedeTheologieProtestantedeMontauban。“
  Seemytranslationoftheauthor’sadmirableandexhaustiveworkon“PrehistoricAmerica,“chaptersi。andiv——NancyBell。
  [ACADEMIEDESSCIENCES,May23,1881;“AntiquitesduMuseedeMinoussink,“Tomsk,1886——7。
  LesAgesPrehistoriquesenEspagneetenPortugal。“
  StoneImplementsfromtheNorthwesternProvincesofIndia,“
  JOURNALOFTHEASIATICSOCIETYOFBENGAL,Calcutta,1883。
  LITERARYJOURNALOFMADRAS,vol。xiv。
  L’AgedePierreetlaClassificationPrehistoriqued’apreslesSourcesEgyptiennes,“Paris,1879。
  PittRivers:“OntheDiscoveryofChertImplementsintheNileValley,“BritishAssociation,York,1881。
  Belluci:“L’EtadellaPietrainTunisia,“Roma,BOL。DELLASOC。GEOG。ITALIANA,1876。
  “PrehistoricAmerica,“Paris,NewYork,andLondon。
  Seemytranslationof“L’AmeriquePrehistorique,“chap。i。,“ManandtheMastodon。“——NancyBell。
  ManyinterestingdetailsrespectingtheCliffDwellersaregiveninDeNadaillac’s“L’AmeriquePrehistorique,“chap。v——
  NancyBell。
  CONGRESDESNATURALISTESALLEMANDS,Innsbruck,Sept。,1869,[48]——“Quaternarymanisalwaysmanineveryacceptationoftheword。Ineverycaseinwhichthebonescollectedhaveenabledustojudge,hehaseverbeenfoundtohavethehandandfootpropertoourspecies,andthatdoublecurvatureofthespinalcolumnhasbeenmadeout,socharacteristicthatSerresmadeitthedistinctiveattributeofhishumankingdom。Ineverycasewithhim,aswithus,theskullismorefullydevelopedthantheface。IntheNeanderthalskullsooftenquotedasbestial,thecranialcapacityismorethandoublethateverfoundinthelargestgorilla。“DeQuatrefages:
  “HommesFossilesetHommesSauvages,“p。60。
  Inthiscavewerefoundthebonesof45bears。IntheGoyetCavewhichbearsthenumber3,werefoundcompletesetsofthebonesof12mammoths,8rhinoceroses,57bears,57horses,24hyaenas,35reindeer,6uruses,2lions,withthebonesofagreatnumberofgoats,chamois,andboars。Dupont:“L’Hommependantl’AgedelaPierre,“p。86。
  Thesebirdsbelongedtotherapaces,passeres,gallinaceous,wading,andweb-footedgroups。Everyorderisrepresented,andnearlyalltheboneswerethoseofediblespecies,whichhadcertainlyservedasfoodtoman。
  RichardAndree:“DieAnthropophagieeineEthnographischeStudie,“Leipzig,1887。
  “LesHommesdeChavauxetd’Engis“BUL。ACAD。ROY。DEBELGIQUE,vol。xx。,1853;vol。xviii。newseries,1863;vol。xxii。,1866;
  MATERIAUX,1872。p,517。
  L’HommependantlesAgesdelaPierre,“p。225。
  CompteRendu,“p。363。
  Hist。Nat。,“bookvii。,sec。2。
  Belgrand:“LeBassinParisien,“vol。i。,p。232。
  BULL。SOC。ANTH。,1869,p。476——AC。DESSCIENCES,1870,firstweek,p。167。
  [ARCHIVESDUMUSEENATIONALDERIODEJANEIRO,vol。i。,1876。
  SeemytranslationofDeNadaillac’s“PrehistoricAmerica,“
  pp。53,58,and59。“——N。D’Anvers。
  Geography,“bookiv。
  Opera,“vol。ii。,Migneedition,p。335。Richard,ofCirencester,saysthattheAttacoteslivedontheshoresoftheClyde,beyondthegreatwallofHadrian。
  [chweden’s“Urgeschichte,“p。341。
  ThefelidaewereverynumerousinEuropeinQuaternarytimes。Wemaymentiontwospeciesoflions,LEONOBILISandLEO
  SPELAEUS,thelatteroftenconfoundedwiththeDELISSPELAEUSofsuchfrequentoccurrenceinFrenchcaves,twospeciesoftigers,TIGRISEDWARDSIANAandTIGRISEUROPAEA,thelargestoftheQuaternaryfelidae,whichwassometwelvefeetlong。Wealsoknowofsevenspeciesofleopards,sixspeciesofcats,fromtheServaltoalittlefelissmallerthanourdomesticcat;twospeciesoflynx,andlastlytheMACHAIRODUS,abeastofpreyofconsiderablesize,characterizedbyhavingexceptionallylonguppercaninesserratedlikeasaw。Probablythesebeastsofpreywerenotallcontemporaries,butsucceededeachother。Bourguignat:“HistoiredesFelidaeFossilesenFrancedanslesDepotsdelaPeriodeQuaternaire,“Paris,1879。
  “TestimonyoftheRocks,“p。127,EdinburghandBoston,1857。
  [OSSEMENTSFOSSILESTROUVESAODESSA。Thecave-hyenaresemblesthatnowlivingattheCape。
  DucrostandArcelin:“Stratigraphiedel’EboulisdeSolutre,“
  MAT。,p。403。ARCHIVESDIEMUSEUMD’HIST。NAT。DELYON,vol。1……deBayefoundagreatmanysimilararrow-headsinthePetit-Morincaves。
  [Nilsson:“ThePrimitiveInhabitantsofScandinavia。“
  CaptainEdwardJohnson,whotravelledaboutinNewEnglandfromrelatesthatthechildrentherespenttheirdaysinshootingatthefishthatappearedonthesurfaceofthewater,succeedingincatchingthemwithmarvellousskill。“AHistoryofNewEngland,“London,1654。
  ReissandSteubel:“TheNecropolisofAnconinPeru,“LondonandBerlin。
  MATERIAUX,1870,p,348。
  WIADOMOSEIARCHEOLOGIZNE,No。iv。,Warsaw,1882。
  Ch。Rau:“PrehistoricFishinginEuropeandAmerica。“
  Horace:“Odes,“booki。,odeiii。
  Friedel:“FuhrerdurchdieFischereiAbtheilung。“
  “ACatalogueoftheAntiquitiesintheMuseumoftheRoyalAcademy。“
  PROCEEDINGSOFTHEROYALACADEMYOFSCOTLAND,vol。iii。Dr。R。Munro“AncientScottishLakeDwellingsorCrannoges,“
  Edinburgh,1882。
  Geikie,EDINBURGHNEWPHILOSOPHICALJOURNAL,vol。xv。DeLapparent“TraitedeGeologie,“firstedition,p。518。
  DiscoveriesinthemoreRecentDepositsoftheBoveyBasin,“
  TRANS。DEVONSHIREASS。,1883。
  NordischeOldsageriderkongeligeMuseumiKjobenhawn。“
  LesProto-Helvetes,“NATURE,1880,1stweek,p。151。
  Mem。Soc。d’Emulationd’Abbeville,“1867。
  Indra,theall-seer,towhomitisgiventopiercethecloud,personifiedbyVritra,and“toopenthereceptaclesofthewaterswithhisfar-reachingthunder-bolts,“isofcoursethesun,theworshipofwhichwasoneoftheearliestandmostnaturalinstinctsofhumanity;
  whilstVritrawasinthefirstinstancemerelythesymbolofthecloud,interveningbetweenheavenandearth,shuttingoutfrommenthelightofthesun,andkeepingbacktherefreshingrain。Thegradualconversionofthesenaturalphenomenaintoagoodandamalignantpower,everstrugglingforthemastery,isaforcibleillustrationofthewayinwhichmythsareevolved——Trans。
  DeMortillet:“LePrehistorique,“Paris,1883,p。133。
  LimonduPlateauduNorddelaFrance,“Paris,1878。AcheuleenetMousterien:REVUEDESQUESTIONSSCIENTIFIQUES,October,1880。BUL。SOC。ANTH。,1884,1887。
  CHELLEEN,socalledfromtheirhavingbeenfoundatChellesSeine-et-Marne,wheretheremainsoftheELEPHASANTIQUUS,themostancientofthepachydermsnowknowninEurope,wasassociatedwiththesetools。
  [87]——DeMortillet:“MuseePrehistorique,“pl。xvi。toxix。
  M。deMortilletenumerates127polishersfoundatvariouspointsinthirtydepartmentsofFrance。“LePrehistorique,“firstedition,p。534。
  Piette:ASS。FRANC。POURL’AVANCEMENTDESSCIENCES,Nantes,1875,p。909。
  DeMortillet:“LePrehistorique,“p。544;“MuseePrehistorique,“figs。431to
  “MuseePrehistorique,“fig。410。
  Lagneau:“Del’UusagedesFlechesempoisonneeschezlesAnciensPeuplesl’Europe,“Ac。desInsc。,2dNovember,
  LesTempsPrehistoriquesenBelgique,“p。
  ReliquiaeAquitanicae,“p。127。
  NATURE,1876,secondweek,p。5。
  Inthiscave,inthesecondossiferousdeposit,werefoundfourfragmentsofpottery。DePuydtandLohest:“L’HommeContemporaindumammouth。“
  “LapoterieenBelgiqueal’agedumammouth,“REVUE