Hewouldnotpretendtothemifhedidnotearnestlydesiretopossessthem。encouragethisdesire；affordhimeverymeanstofacilitatetheacquisition；anddonottaketoomuchoffence，althoughheshouldsometimesassumetheairofhavingattaineditalittlebeforethetime。
　　Such，Isay，arethedistinguishingcharacteristicsofprideandvanity，wheneachofthemactsaccordingtoitspropercharacter。Buttheproudmanisoftenvain；andthevainmanisoftenproud。Nothingcanbemorenaturalthanthattheman，whothinksmuchmorehighlyofhimselfthanhedeserves，shouldwishthatotherpeopleshouldthinkstillmorehighlyofhim:orthattheman，whowishesthatotherpeopleshouldthinkmorehighlyofhimthanhethinksofhimself，should，atthesametime，thinkmuchmorehighlyofhimselfthanhedeserves。Thosetwovicesbeingfrequentlyinthesamecharacter，thecharacteristicsofbotharenecessarilyconfounded；andwesometimesfindthesuperficialandimpertinentostentationofvanityjoinedtothemostmalignantandderisiveinsolenceofpride。Wearesometimes，uponthataccount，atalosshowtorankaparticularcharacter，orwhethertoplaceitamongtheproudoramongthevain。
　　Menofmeritconsiderablyabovethecommonlevel，sometimesunderrateaswellasover-ratethemselves。Suchcharacters，thoughnotverydignified，areoften，inprivatesociety，farfrombeingdisagreeable。Hiscompanionsallfeelthemselvesmuchattheireaseinthesocietyofamansoperfectlymodestandunassuming。Ifthosecompanions，however，havenotbothmorediscernmentandmoregenerositythanordinary，thoughtheymayhavesomekindnessforhim，theyhaveseldommuchrespect；andthewarmthoftheirkindnessisveryseldomsufficienttocompensatethecoldnessoftheirrespect。Menofnomorethanordinarydiscernmentneverrateanypersonhigherthanheappearstoratehimself。Heseemsdoubtfulhimself，theysay，whetherheisperfectlyfitforsuchasituationorsuchanoffice；andimmediatelygivethepreferencetosomeimpudentblockheadwhoentertainsnodoubtabouthisownqualifications。Thoughtheyshouldhavediscernment，yet，iftheywantgenerosity，theyneverfailtotakeadvantageofhissimplicity，andtoassumeoverhimanimpertinentsuperioritywhichtheyarebynomeansentitledto。Hisgood-naturemayenablehimtobearthisforsometime；
　　buthegrowswearyatlast，andfrequentlywhenitistoolate，andwhenthatrank，whichheoughttohaveassumed，islostirrecoverably，andusurped，inconsequenceofhisownbackwardness，bysomeofhismoreforward，thoughmuchlessmeritoriouscompanions。Amanofthischaractermusthavebeenveryfortunateintheearlychoiceofhiscompanions，if，ingoingthroughtheworld，hemeetsalwayswithfairjustice，evenfromthosewhom，fromhisownpastkindness，hemighthavesomereasontoconsiderashisbestfriends；andayouth，toounassumingandtoounambitious，isfrequentlyfollowedbyaninsignificant，complaining，anddiscontentedoldage。
　　Thoseunfortunatepersonswhomnaturehasformedagooddealbelowthecommonlevel，seemsometimestoratethemselvesstillmorebelowitthantheyreallyare。Thishumilityappearssometimestosinkthemintoidiotism。Whoeverhastakenthetroubletoexamineidiotswithattention，willfindthat，inmanyofthem，thefacultiesoftheunderstandingarebynomeansweakerthaninseveralotherpeople，who，thoughacknowledgedtobedullandstupid，arenot，byanybody，accountedidiots。Manyidiots，withnomorethanordinaryeducation，havebeentaughttoread，write，andaccounttolerablywell。Manypersons，neveraccountedidiots，notwithstandingthemostcarefuleducation，andnotwithstandingthat，intheiradvancedage，theyhavehadspiritenoughtoattempttolearnwhattheirearlyeducationhadnottaughtthem，haveneverbeenabletoacquire，inanytolerabledegree，anyoneofthosethreeaccomplishments。Byaninstinctofpride，however，theysetthemselvesuponalevelwiththeirequalsinageandsituation；and，withcourageandfirmness，maintaintheirproperstationamongtheircompanions。Byanoppositeinstinct，theidiotfeelshimselfbeloweverycompanyintowhichyoucanintroducehim。Ill-usage，towhichheisextremelyliable，iscapableofthrowinghimintothemostviolentfitsofrageandfury。Butnogoodusage，nokindnessorindulgence，caneverraisehimtoconversewithyouasyourequal。Ifyoucanbringhimtoconversewithyouatall，however，youwillfrequentlyfindhisanswerssufficientlypertinent，andevensensible。Buttheyarealwaysstampedwithadistinctconsciousnessofhisowngreatinferiority。Heseemstoshrinkand，asitwere，toretirefromyourlookandconversation；andtofeel，whenheplaceshimselfinyoursituation，that，notwithstandingyourapparentcondescension，youcannothelpconsideringhimasimmenselybelowyou。Someidiots，perhapsthegreaterpart，seemtobeso，chieflyoraltogether，fromacertainnumbnessortorpidityinthefacultiesoftheunderstanding。Butthereareothers，inwhomthosefacultiesdonotappearmoretorpidorbenumbedthaninmanyotherpeoplewhoarenotaccountedidiots。Butthatinstinctofpride，necessarytosupportthemuponanequalitywiththeirbrethren，seemstotallywantingintheformerandnotinthelatter。
　　Thatdegreeofself-estimation，therefore，whichcontributesmosttothehappinessandcontentmentofthepersonhimself，seemslikewisemostagreeabletotheimpartialspectator。Themanwhoesteemshimselfasheought，andnomorethanheought，seldomfailstoobtainfromotherpeoplealltheesteemthathehimselfthinksdue。Hedesiresnomorethanisduetohim，andherestsuponitwithcompletesatisfaction。
　　Theproudandthevainman，onthecontrary，areconstantlydissatisfied。Theoneistormentedwithindignationattheunjustsuperiority，ashethinksit，ofotherpeople。Theotherisincontinualdreadoftheshamewhich，heforesees，wouldattenduponthedetectionofhisgroundlesspretensions。Eventheextravagantpretensionsofthemanofrealmagnanimity，though，whensupportedbysplendidabilitiesandvirtues，and，aboveall，bygoodfortune，theyimposeuponthemultitude，whoseapplauseshelittleregards，donotimposeuponthosewisemenwhoseapprobationhecanonlyvalue，andwhoseesteemheismostanxioustoacquire。Hefeelsthattheyseethrough，andsuspectsthattheydespisehisexcessivepresumption；andheoftensuffersthecruelmisfortuneofbecoming，firstthejealousandsecret，andatlasttheopen，furious，andvindictiveenemyofthoseverypersons，whosefriendshipitwouldhavegivenhimthegreatesthappinesstoenjoywithunsuspicioussecurity。
　　Thoughourdisliketotheproudandthevainoftendisposesustorankthemratherbelowthanabovetheirproperstation，yet，unlessweareprovokedbysomeparticularandpersonalimpertinence，weveryseldomventuretousethemill。Incommoncases，weendeavour，forourownease，rathertoacquiesce，and，aswellaswecan，toaccommodateourselvestotheirfolly。But，tothemanwhounder-rateshimself，unlesswehavebothmorediscernmentandmoregenerositythanbelongtothegreaterpartofmen，weseldomfailtodo，atleast，alltheinjusticewhichhedoestohimself，andfrequentlyagreatdealmore。Heisnotonlymoreunhappyinhisownfeelingsthaneithertheproudorthevain，butheismuchmoreliabletoeverysortofill-usagefromotherpeople。Inalmostallcases，itisbettertobealittletooproud，than，inanyrespect，toohumble；and，inthesentimentofself-estimation，somedegreeofexcessseems，bothtothepersonandtotheimpartialspectator，tobelessdisagreeablethananydegreeofdefect。
　　Inthis，therefore，aswellasineveryotheremotion，passion，andhabit，thedegreethatismostagreeabletotheimpartialspectatorislikewisemostagreeabletothepersonhimself；andaccordingaseithertheexcessorthedefectisleastoffensivetotheformer，so，eithertheoneortheotherisinproportionleastdisagreeabletothelatter。
　　ConclusionoftheSixthPartConcernforourownhappinessrecommendstousthevirtueofprudence:concernforthatofotherpeople，thevirtuesofjusticeandbeneficence；ofwhich，theonerestrainsusfromhurting，theotherpromptsustopromotethathappiness。
　　Independentofanyregardeithertowhatare，ortowhatoughttobe，ortowhatuponacertainconditionwouldbe，thesentimentsofotherpeople，thefirstofthosethreevirtuesisoriginallyrecommendedtousbyourselfish，theothertwobyourbenevolentaffections。Regardtothesentimentsofotherpeople，however，comesafterwardsbothtoenforceandtodirectthepracticeofallthosevirtues；andnomanduring，eitherthewholeofhislife，orthatofanyconsiderablepartofit，evertrodsteadilyanduniformlyinthepathsofprudence，ofjustice，orofproperbeneficence，whoseconductwasnotprincipallydirectedbyaregardtothesentimentsofthesupposedimpartialspectator，ofthegreatinmateofthebreast，thegreatjudgeandarbiterofconduct。Ifinthecourseofthedaywehaveswervedinanyrespectfromtheruleswhichheprescribestous；ifwehaveeitherexceededorrelaxedinourfrugality；ifwehaveeitherexceededorrelaxedinourindustry；if，throughpassionorinadvertency，wehavehurtinanyrespecttheinterestorhappinessofourneighbour；ifwehaveneglectedaplainandproperopportunityofpromotingthatinterestandhappiness；itisthisinmatewho，intheevening，callsustoanaccountforallthoseomissionsandviolations，andhisreproachesoftenmakeusblushinwardlybothforourfollyandinattentiontoourownhappiness，andforourstillgreaterindifferenceandinattention，perhaps，tothatofotherpeople。
　　Butthoughthevirtuesofprudence，justice，andbeneficence，may，upondifferentoccasions，berecommendedtousalmostequallybytwodifferentprinciples；thoseofself-commandare，uponmostoccasions，principallyandalmostentirelyrecommendedtousbyone；bythesenseofpropriety，byregardtothesentimentsofthesupposedimpartialspectator。Withouttherestraintwhichthisprincipleimposes，everypassionwould，uponmostoccasions，rushheadlong，ifImaysayso，toitsowngratification。Angerwouldfollowthesuggestionsofitsownfury；fearthoseofitsownviolentagitations。Regardtonotimeorplacewouldinducevanitytorefrainfromtheloudestandmostimpertinentostentation；orvoluptuousnessfromthemostopen，indecent，andscandalousindulgence。Respectforwhatare，orforwhatoughttobe，orforwhatuponacertainconditionwouldbe，thesentimentsofotherpeople，isthesoleprinciplewhich，uponmostoccasions，overawesallthosemutinousandturbulentpassionsintothattoneandtemperwhichtheimpartialspectatorcanenterintoandsympathizewith。
　　Uponsomeoccasions，indeed，thosepassionsarerestrained，notsomuchbyasenseoftheirimpropriety，asbyprudentialconsiderationsofthebadconsequenceswhichmightfollowfromtheirindulgence。Insuchcases，thepassions，thoughrestrained，arenotalwayssubdued，butoftenremainlurkinginthebreastwithalltheiroriginalfury。Themanwhoseangerisrestrainedbyfear，doesnotalwayslayasidehisanger，butonlyreservesitsgratificationforamoresafeopportunity。Butthemanwho，inrelatingtosomeotherpersontheinjurywhichhasbeendonetohim，feelsatoncethefuryofhispassioncooledandbecalmedbysympathywiththemoremoderatesentimentsofhiscompanion，whoatonceadoptsthosemoremoderatesentiments，andcomestoviewthatinjury，notintheblackandatrociouscoloursinwhichhehadoriginallybeheldit，butinthemuchmilderandfairerlightinwhichhiscompanionnaturallyviewsit；notonlyrestrains，butinsomemeasuresubdues，hisanger。Thepassionbecomesreallylessthanitwasbefore，andlesscapableofexcitinghimtotheviolentandbloodyrevengewhichatfirst，perhaps，hemighthavethoughtofinflicting。
　　Thosepassionswhicharerestrainedbythesenseofpropriety，areallinsomedegreemoderatedandsubduedbyit。
　　Butthosewhicharerestrainedonlybyprudentialconsiderationsofanykind，are，onthecontrary，frequentlyinflamedbytherestraint，andsometimeslongaftertheprovocationgiven，andwhennobodyisthinkingaboutitburstoutabsurdlyandunexpectedly，andwithtenfoldfuryandviolence。