proposetospiritualisethesethings。Whatashameitwouldbeifweshouldnotthinkitworthourwhiletotakeasmuchpains，andemployasmanydeepthoughts，tosaveoursoulsashehasdonetopreservehisbody！
　　“Letmeexhortye，then，toopenthelocksofyourheartswiththenailofrepentance！Burstasunderthefettersofyourbelovedlusts！——
　　mountthechimneyofhope！——takefromthencethebarofgoodresolution！——breakthroughthestonewallofdespair，andallthestrongholdsinthedarkentryofthevalleyoftheshadowofdeath！
　　Raiseyourselvestotheleadsofdivinemeditation！——fixtheblanketoffaithwiththespikeofthechurch！letyourselvesdowntotheturner’shouseofresignation，anddescendthestairsofhumility！Soshallyoucometothedoorofdeliverancefromtheprisonofiniquity，andescapetheclutchesofthatoldexecutionertheDevil！“
　　ButpopularasthenameofJackSheppardwasimmediatelyafterhehadsufferedthelastpenaltyofhiscrimes，itwasasnothingcomparedtothevastrenownwhichhehasacquiredintheselatterdays，afterthelapseofacenturyandaquarter。Poetstoooften，arenotfullyappreciatedtilltheyhavebeendeadahundredyears，andthieves，itwouldappear，sharethedisadvantage。Butposterityisgratefulifourcontemporariesarenot；andJackSheppard，faintlypraisedinhisownday，shinesoutinourstheheroofheroes，preeminentaboveallhisfellows。Thornhillmadebutonepictureoftheillustriousrobber，butCruikshankhasmadedozens，andtheartoftheengraverhasmultipliedthemintothousandsandtensofthousands，untilthepopulaceofEnglandhavebecomeasfamiliarwithJack’sfeaturesastheyarewiththeirown。Jack，theromantic，istheheroofthreegoodlyvolumes，andthedelightofthecirculatinglibraries；
　　andthetheatreshavebeensmittenwiththeuniversalenthusiasm。
　　Managershavesettheirplaymongersatwork，andJack’sstoryhasbeenreproducedintheshapeofdrama，melodrama，andfarce，athalfadozenplacesofentertainmentatonce。NeverwassuchadisplayofpopularregardforaheroaswasexhibitedinLondonin1840fortherenownedJackSheppard:robberyacquiredadditionallustreinthepopulareye，andnotonlyEnglishmen，butforeigners，caughtthecontagion；andoneofthelatter，firedbytheexample，robbedandmurderedavenerable，unoffending，andtooconfidingnobleman，whomitwashisespecialdutytohaveobeyedandprotected。Buthewasacowardandawretch；——itwasasolitarycrime——hehadnotmadeadaringescapefromdungeonwalls，orriddenfromLondontoYork，andhediedamidtheexecrationsofthepeople，affordingamelancholyexemplificationofthetriteremark，thateverymanisnotgreatwhoisdesirousofbeingso。
　　JonathanWild，whosenamehasbeenimmortalisedbyFielding，wasnofavouritewiththepeople。Hehadnoneofthevirtueswhich，combinedwithcrimes，makeupthecharacterofthegreatthief。Hewasapitifulfellow，whoinformedagainsthiscomrades，andwasafraidofdeath。Thismeannesswasnottobeforgivenbythecrowd，andtheypeltedhimwithdirtandstonesonhiswaytoTyburn，andexpressedtheircontemptbyeverypossiblemeans。HowdifferentwastheirconducttoTurpinandJackSheppard，whodiedintheirneatestattire，withnosegaysintheirbutton-holes，andwiththecouragethatacrowdexpects！ItwasanticipatedthatthebodyofTurpinwouldhavebeendelivereduptothesurgeonsfordissection，andthepeopleseeingsomemenverybusilyemployedinremovingit，suddenlysetuponthem，rescuedthebody，boreitaboutthetownintriumph，andthenburieditinaverydeepgrave，filledwithquick-lime，tohastentheprogressofdecomposition。Theywouldnotsufferthecorpseoftheirhero，ofthemanwhohadriddenfromLondontoYorkinfour-and-twentyhourstobemangledbytherudehandsofunmannerlysurgeons。
　　ThedeathofClaudeDuvalwouldappeartohavebeennolesstriumphant。Claudewasagentlemanlythief。AccordingtoButler，inthefamousodetohismemory，he“TaughtthewildArabsoftheroadTorobinamoregentlemode；
　　TakeprizesmoreobliginglythanthoseWhoneverhadbreenbredfilous；
　　AndhowtohanginamoregracefulfashionThane’erwasknownbeforetothedullEnglishnation。“
　　Infact，hewasthepinkofpoliteness，andhisgallantrytothefairsexwasproverbial。Whenhewascaughtatlast，pentin“stonewallsandchainsandirongrates，“——theirgriefwasinproportiontohisraremeritsandhisgreatfame。Butlersays，thattohisdungeon“——cameladiesfromallparts，Toofferupcloseprisonerstheirhearts，Whichhereceivedastributedue——
　　Neverdidboldknight，torelieveDistresseddames，suchdreadfulfeatsachieve，Asfeebledamsels，forhissake，Wouldhavebeenproudtoundertake，And，bravelyambitioustoredeemTheworld’slossandtheirown，Strovewhoshouldhavethehonourtolaydown，Andchangealifewithhim。“
　　AmongthenotedthievesofFrance，thereisnonetocomparewiththefamousAimerigotTetenoire，whoflourishedinthereignofCharlesVI。Thisfellowwasattheheadoffourorfivehundredmen，andpossessedtwoverystrongcastlesinLimousinandAuvergne。Therewasagooddealofthefeudalbaronabouthim，althoughhepossessednorevenuesbutsuchastheroadaffordedhim。Athisdeathheleftasingularwill。“Igiveandbequeath，“saidtherobber，“onethousandfivehundredfrancstoSt。George’sChapel，forsuchrepairsasitmayneed。Tomysweetgirlwhosotenderlylovedme，Igivetwothousandfivehundred；andthesurplusIgivetomycompanions。Ihopetheywillallliveasbrothers，anddivideitamicablyamongthem。Iftheycannotagree，andthedevilofcontentiongetsamongthem，itisnofaultofmine；andIadvisethemtogetagoodstrong，sharpaxe，andbreakopenmystrongbox。Letthemscrambleforwhatitcontains，andtheDevilseizethehindmost。“ThepeopleofAuvergnestillrecountwithadmirationthedaringfeatsofthisbrigand。
　　Oflateryears，theFrenchthieveshavebeensuchunmitigatedscoundrelsastohaveleftbutlittleroomforpopularadmiration。ThefamousCartouche，whosenamehasbecomesynonymouswithruffianintheirlanguage，hadnoneofthegenerosity，courtesy，anddevotedbraverywhicharesorequisitetomakearobber-hero。HewasbornatParis，towardstheendoftheseventeenthcentury，andbrokenaliveonthewheelinNovember1727。Hewas，however，sufficientlypopulartohavebeenpitiedathisdeath，andafterwardstohaveformedthesubjectofamuchadmireddrama，whichborehisname，andwasplayedwithgreatsuccessinallthetheatresofFranceduringtheyears1734，5，and6。InourowndaytheFrenchhavebeenmorefortunateinarobber；VidocqbidsfairtorivalthefameofTurpinandJackSheppard。Alreadyhehasbecometheheroofmanyanapocryphaltale——
　　alreadyhiscompatriotsboastofhismanifoldachievements，andexpresstheirdoubtswhetheranyothercountryinEuropecouldproduceathiefsoclever，soaccomplished，sogentlemanly，asVidocq。
　　GermanyhasitsSchinderhannes，HungaryitsSchubry，andItalyandSpainawholehostofbrigands，whosenamesandexploitsarefamiliarashouseholdwordsinthemouthsofthechildrenandpopulaceofthosecountries。TheItalianbandittiarerenownedovertheworld；andmanyofthemarenotonlyveryreligiousafterafashion，butverycharitable。Charityfromsuchasourceissounexpected，thatthepeopledoteuponthemforit。Oneofthem，whenhefellintothehandsofthepolice，exclaimed，astheyledhimaway，“Hofattopittcarita！“——“Ihavegivenawaymoreincharitythananythreeconventsintheseprovinces。“Andthefellowspoketruth。
　　InLombardy，thepeoplecherishthememoryoftwonotoriousrobbers，whoflourishedabouttwocenturiesagoundertheSpanishgovernment。Theirstory，accordingtoMacfarlane，iscontainedinalittlebookwellknowntoallthechildrenoftheprovince，andreadbythemwithmuchmoregustothantheirBibles。
　　Schinderhannes，therobberoftheRhine，isagreatfavouriteonthebanksoftheriverwhichhesolongkeptinawe。ManyamusingstoriesarerelatedbythepeasantryofthescurvytricksheplayedoffuponrichJews，ortoo-presumingofficersofjustice——ofhisprincelygenerosity，andundauntedcourage。Inshort，theyareproudofhim，andwouldnomoreconsenttohavethememoryofhisachievementsdissociatedfromtheirriverthantheywouldtohavetherockofEhrenbreitsteinblowntoatomsbygunpowder。
　　Thereisanotherrobber-hero，ofwhosecharacterandexploitsthepeopleofGermanyspeakadmiringly。MauschNadelwascaptainofaconsiderablebandthatinfestedtheRhine，Switzerland，Alsatia，andLorraineduringtheyears1824，5，and6。LikeJackSheppard，heendearedhimselftothepopulacebyhismosthazardousescapefromprison。Beingconfined，atBremen，inadungeon，onthethirdstoryoftheprisonofthattown，hecontrivedtolethimselfdownwithoutexcitingthevigilanceofthesentinels，andtoswimacrosstheWeser，thoughheavilyladenwithirons。Whenabouthalfwayover，hewasespiedbyasentinel，whofiredathim，andshothiminthecalfoftheleg:buttheundauntedrobberstruckoutmanfully，reachedtheshore，andwasoutofsightbeforetheofficersofjusticecouldgetreadytheirboatstofollowhim。Hewascapturedagainin1826，triedatMayence，andsentencedtodeath。Hewasatall，strong，handsomeman，andhisfate，villainashewas，excitedmuchsympathyalloverGermany。Theladiesespeciallywereloudintheirregretthatnothingcouldbedonetosaveaherosogood-looking，andofadventuressoromantic，fromtheknifeoftheheadsman。
　　Mr。Macfarlane，inspeakingofItalianbanditti，remarks，thattheabusesoftheCatholicreligion，withitsconfessionsandabsolutions，havetendedtopromotecrimeofthisdescription。But，headds，moretruly，thatpriestsandmonkshavenotdonehalfthemischiefwhichhasbeenperpetratedbyballad-mongersandstory-tellers。Ifhehadsaidplay-wrightsalso，thelistwouldhavebeencomplete。Infact，thetheatre，whichcanonlyexpecttoprosper，inapecuniarysense，bypanderingtothetastesofthepeople，continuallyrecurstotheannalsofthievesandbandittiforitsmostfavouriteheroes。Thesetheatricalrobbers；withtheirpicturesqueattire，wildhaunts，jolly，reckless，devil-may-caremanners，takeawonderfulholdupontheimagination，and，whatevertheiradvocatesmaysaytothecontrary，exerciseaveryperniciousinfluenceuponpublicmorals。IntheMemoirsoftheDukeofGuiseupontheRevolutionofNaplesin1647and1648，itisstated，thatthemanners，dress，andmodeoflifeoftheNeapolitanbandittiwererenderedsocaptivatinguponthestage，thattheauthoritiesfounditabsolutelynecessarytoforbidtherepresentationofdramasinwhichtheyfigured，andeventoprohibittheircostumeatthemasquerades。Sonumerouswerethebandittiatthistime，thattheDukefoundnodifficultyinraisinganarmyof。
　　them，toaidhiminhisendeavourstoseizeonthethroneofNaples。
　　Hethusdescribesthem；[Seealso“ForeignQuarterlyReview，“vol。iv。