ThefortofMassanganoissmall，butingoodrepair；itcontainssomeveryancientguns，whichwereloadedfromthebreech，andmusthavebeenformidableweaponsintheirtimeThenativesofthiscountryentertainaremarkabledreadofgreatguns，andthistendsmuchtothepermanenceofthePortugueseauthorityTheydreadacannongreatly，thoughthecarriagebesorottenthatitwouldfalltopiecesatthefirstshot；thefortofPungoAndongoiskeptsecurelybycannonperchedoncrosssticksalone！
　　MassanganowasaveryimportanttownatthetimetheDutchheldforciblepossessionofLoandaandpartofAngola；butwhen，intheyear1648，theDutchwereexpelledfromthiscountrybyasmallbodyofPortuguese，undertheGovernorSalvadorCorreadeSaBenevides，MassanganowaslefttosinkintoitspresentdecaySinceitwaspartiallyabandonedbythePortuguese，severalbaobab-treeshavesprungupandattainedadiameterofeighteenortwentyinches，andareabouttwentyfeethigh。
　　Nocertainconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheseinstances，asitisnotknownatwhattimeafter1648theybegantogrow；buttheirpresentsizeshowsthattheirgrowthisnotunusuallyslow。
　　Severalfiresoccurredduringourstay，bythethatchhaving，throughlongexposuretoatorridsun，becomeliketinder。
　　Theroofsbecameignitedwithoutanyvisiblecauseexcepttheintensesolarrays，andexcitedterrorinthemindsoftheinhabitants，astheslightestsparkcarriedbythewindwouldhavesetthewholetowninablazeThereisnotasingleinscriptiononstonevisibleinMassangano。
　　Ifdestroyedto-morrow，noonecouldtellwhereitandmostPortugueseinteriorvillagesstood，anymorethanwecandothoseoftheBalonda。
　　DuringtheoccupationofthistowntheCoanzawasusedforthepurposeofnavigation，buttheirvesselsweresofrequentlyplunderedbytheirDutchneighborsthat，whentheyregainedthegoodportofLoanda，theynolongermadeuseoftheriverWeremainedherefourdays，inhopesofobtaininganobservationforthelongitude，butatthisseasonoftheyeartheskyisalmostconstantlyovercastbyathickcanopyofcloudsofamilk-and-waterhue；thiscontinuesuntiltherainyseasonwhichwasnowcloseathandcommences。
　　ThelandsonthenorthsideoftheCoanzabelongtotheQuisamasKisamas，anindependenttribe，whichthePortuguesehavenotbeenabletosubdue。
　　ThefewwhocameundermyobservationpossessedmuchoftheBushmanorHottentotfeature，andweredressedinstripsofsoftbarkhangingfromthewaisttothekneeTheydeallargelyinsalt，whichtheircountryproducesingreatabundanceItisbroughtincrystalsofabout12incheslongand1-1/2indiameter。
　　ThisishawkedabouteverywhereinAngola，and，nexttocalico，isthemostcommonmediumofbarterTheKisamaarebrave；
　　andwhenthePortuguesearmyfollowedthemintotheirforests，theyreducedtheinvaderstoextremitybytappingallthereservoirsofwater，whichwerenootherthantheenormousbaobabsofthecountryhollowedintocisternsAstheKisamacountryisillsuppliedwithwaterotherwise，thePortugueseweresoonobligedtoretreatTheircountry，lyingneartoMassangano，islowandmarshy，butbecomesmoreelevatedinthedistance，andbeyondthemlietheloftydarkmountainrangesoftheLibollo，anotherpowerfulandindependentpeopleNearMassanganoIobservedwhatseemedtobeaneffortofnaturetofurnishavarietyofdomesticfowls，morecapablethanthecommonkindofbearingtheheatofthesun。
　　Thiswasahenandchickenswithalltheirfeatherscurledupward，thusgivingshadetothebodywithoutincreasingtheheat。
　　Theyareherenamed“Kisafu“bythenativepopulation，whopayahighpriceforthemwhentheywishtoofferthemasasacrifice，andbythePortuguesetheyaretermed“Arripiada“，orshivering。
　　ThereseemstobeatendencyinnaturetoaffordvarietiesadaptedtotheconvenienceofmanAkindofveryshort-leggedfowlamongtheBoerswasobtained，inconsequenceofobservingthatsuchweremoreeasilycaughtfortransportationintheirfrequentremovalsinsearchofpastureAsimilarinstanceofsecuringavarietyoccurredwiththeshort-limbedsheepinAmerica。
　　ReturningbyascendingtheLucallaintoCazengo，wehadanopportunityofvisitingseveralflourishingcoffeeplantations，andobservedthatseveralmen，whohadbegunwithnocapitalbuthonestindustry，had，inthecourseofafewyears，acquiredacomfortablesubsistenceOneofthese，MrPinto，generouslyfurnishedmewithagoodsupplyofhisexcellentcoffee，andmymenwithabreedofrabbitstocarrytotheirowncountry。
　　Theirlands，grantedbygovernment，yielded，withoutmuchlabor，coffeesufficientforallthenecessariesoflife。
　　Thefactofotheravenuesofwealthopeningupsoreadilyseemslikeaprovidentialinvitationtoforsaketheslave-tradeandengageinlawfulcommerceWesawthefemalepopulationoccupied，asusual，inthespinningofcottonandcultivationoftheirlands。
　　Theironlyinstrumentforcultureisadouble-handledhoe，whichisworkedwithasortofdraggingmotionManyofthemenwereemployedinweaving。
　　Thelatterappeartobelessindustriousthantheformer，fortheyrequireamonthtofinishasinglewebThereis，however，notmuchinducementtoindustry，for，notwithstandingthetimeconsumedinitsmanufacture，eachwebissoldforonlytwoshillings。
　　OnreturningtoGolungoAltoIfoundseveralofmymenlaidupwithfever。
　　OneofthereasonsformyleavingthemtherewasthattheymightrecoverfromthefatigueofthejourneyfromLoanda，whichhadmuchmoreeffectupontheirfeetthanhundredsofmileshadonourwaywestward。
　　Theyhadalwaysbeenaccustomedtomoistureintheirownwell-wateredland，andwecertainlyhadasuperabundanceofthatinLoandaTheroads，however，fromLoandatoGolungoAltowerebothhardanddry，andtheysufferedseverelyinconsequence；yettheywerecomposingsongstobesungwhentheyshouldreachhomeTheArgonautswerenothingtothem；
　　andtheyremarkedveryimpressivelytome，“ItwaswellyoucamewithMakololo，fornotribecouldhavedonewhatwehaveaccomplishedincomingtothewhiteman’scountry：wearethetrueancients，whocantellwonderfulthings。”Twoofthemnowhadfeverinthecontinuedform，andbecamejaundiced，thewhitesorconjunctivalmembraneoftheireyesbecomingasyellowassaffron；andathirdsufferedfromanattackofmania。
　　Hecametohiscompanionsoneday，andsaid，“Remainwell。
　　Iamcalledawaybythegods！”andsetoffatthetopofhisspeed。
　　Theyoungmencaughthimbeforehehadgoneamile，andboundhim。
　　BygentletreatmentandwatchingforafewdaysherecoveredIhaveobservedseveralinstancesofthiskindinthecountry，butveryfewcasesofidiocy，andIbelievethatcontinuedinsanityisrare。
　　Chapter21。
　　VisitadesertedConventFavorableReportofJesuitsandtheirTeachingGradationsofnativeSocietyPunishmentofThieves
　　Palm-toddy；itsbanefulEffectsFreemasonsMarriagesandFunerals
　　LitigationMrCanto’sIllnessBadBehaviorofhisSlaves
　　AnEntertainmentIdeasonFreeLaborLossofAmericanCotton-seed
　　AbundanceofCottoninthecountrySicknessofSekeletu’sHorse
　　EclipseoftheSunInsectswhichdistillWater
　　ExperimentswiththemProceedtoAmbacaSicklySeason
　　OfficeofCommandantPunishmentofofficialDelinquents
　　PresentfromMrSchutofLoandaVisitPungoAndongo
　　ItsgoodPasturage，Grain，Fruit，etcTheFortandcolumnarRocks
　　TheQueenofJingaSalubrityofPungoAndongoPriceofaSlave
　　AMerchant-princeHisHospitalityHearoftheLossofmyPapersin“Forerunner“NarrowEscapefromanAlligator
　　AncientBurial-placesNeglectofAgricultureinAngola
　　ManiocthestapleProductItsCheapnessSickness
　　FriendlyVisitfromacoloredPriestThePrinceofCongo
　　NoPriestsintheInteriorofAngola。
　　Whilewaitingfortherecoveryofmymen，Ivisited，incompanywithmyfriendMrCanto，thedesertedconventofStHilarion，atBango，afewmilesnorthwestofGolungoAltoItissituatedinamagnificentvalley，containingapopulationnumbering4000hearths。
　　ThisistheabodeoftheSova，orChiefBango，whostillholdsaplaceofauthorityunderthePortugueseThegardenoftheconvent，thechurch，anddormitoriesofthebrethrenarestillkeptinagoodstateofrepairIlookedatthefurniture，couches，andlargechestsforholdingtheprovisionsofthebrotherhoodwithinterest，andwouldfainhavelearnedsomethingoftheformeroccupants；
　　butallthebooksandsacredvesselshadlatelybeenremovedtoLoanda，andeventhegravesofthegoodmenstandwithoutanyrecord：
　　theirresting-placesare，however，carefullytended。
　　AllspeakwelloftheJesuitsandothermissionaries，astheCapuchins，etc。，forhavingattendeddiligentlytotheinstructionofthechildren。
　　Theyweresupposedtohaveatendencytotakethepartofthepeopleagainstthegovernment，andweresupplantedbypriests，concerningwhomnoregretisexpressedthattheywereallowedtodieout。
　　Inviewingthepresentfruitsofformermissions，itisimpossiblenottofeelassuredthat，iftheJesuitteachinghasbeensopermanent，thatofProtestants，wholeavetheBibleinthehandsoftheirconverts，willnotbelessabidingThechiefBangohasbuiltalargetwo-storyhouseclosebytheconvent，butsuperstitiousfearspreventhimfromsleepinginit。
　　ThePortuguesetakeadvantageofallthegradationsintowhichnativesocietyhasdivideditselfThisman，forinstance，isstillasovaorchief，hashiscouncilors，andmaintainsthesamestateaswhenthecountrywasindependentWhenanyofhispeopleareguiltyoftheft，hepaysdowntheamountofgoodsstolenatonce，andreimburseshimselfoutofthepropertyofthethiefsoeffectuallyastobebenefitedbythetransactionThepeopleunderhimaredividedintoanumberofclasses。
　　Therearehiscouncilors，asthehighest，whoaregenerallyheadmenofseveralvillages，andthecarriers，thelowestfreemen。
　　Oneclassabovethelastobtainstheprivilegeofwearingshoesfromthechiefbypayingforit；another，thesoldiersormilitia，payfortheprivilegeofserving，theadvantagebeingthattheyarenotafterwardliabletobemadecarriersTheyarealsodividedintogentlemenandlittlegentlemen，and，thoughquiteblack，speakofthemselvesaswhitemen，andoftheothers，whomaynotwearshoes，as“blacks“Themenofalltheseclassestrusttotheirwivesforfood，andspendmostoftheirtimeindrinkingthepalm-toddyThistoddyisthejuiceofthepalm-oil-tree`ElaeisGuineensis’，which，whentapped，yieldsasweet，clearliquid，notatallintoxicatingwhilefresh，but，whenallowedtostandtilltheafternoon，causesinebriationandmanycrimes。
　　Thistoddy，calledmalova，isthebaneofthecountryCulpritsarecontinuallybroughtbeforethecommandantsforassaultscommittedthroughitsinfluenceMencomeupwithdeepgashesontheirheads；
　　andone，whohadburnedhisfather’shouse，IsawmakingaprofoundbowtoMrCanto，andvolunteeringtoexplainwhyhedidthedeed。
　　Thereisalsoasortoffraternityoffreemasons，namedEmpacasseiros，intowhichnooneisadmittedunlessheisanexperthunter，andcanshootwellwiththegunTheyaredistinguishedbyafilletofbuffalohidearoundtheirheads，andareemployedasmessengersinallcasesrequiringexpressTheyareverytrustworthy，and，whenonactiveservice，formthebestnativetroopsthePortuguesepossess。
　　Themilitiaareofnovalueassoldiers，butcostthecountrynothing，beingsupportedbytheirwivesTheirdutiesarechieflytoguardtheresidencesofcommandants，andtoactaspolice。
　　ThechiefrecreationsofthenativesofAngolaaremarriagesandfunerals。
　　Whenayoungwomanisabouttobemarried，sheisplacedinahutaloneandanointedwithvariousunguents，andmanyincantationsareemployedinordertosecuregoodfortuneandfruitfulnessHere，asalmosteverywhereinthesouth，theheightofgoodfortuneistobearsons。
　　Theyoftenleaveahusbandaltogetheriftheyhavedaughtersonly。
　　Intheirdances，whenanyonemaywishtoderideanother，intheaccompanyingsongalineisintroduced，“Soandsohasnochildren，andneverwillgetany。”Shefeelstheinsultsokeenlythatitisnotuncommonforhertorushawayandcommitsuicide。