althoughthepurplewineremindedusofblood。FortherewasyetanothertenantofourchamberinthepersonofyoungZoilus。Dead，andatfulllengthhelay，enshrouded；thegeniusandthedemonofthescene。Alas！heborenoportioninourmirth，savethathiscountenance，distortedwiththeplague，andhiseyes，inwhichDeathhadbuthalfextinguishedthefireofthepestilence，seemedtotakesuchinterestinourmerrimentasthedeadmayhaplytakeinthemerrimentofthosewhoaretodie。ButalthoughI，Oinos，feltthattheeyesofthedepartedwereuponme，stillIforcedmyselfnottoperceivethebitternessoftheirexpression，andgazingdownsteadilyintothedepthsoftheebonymirror，sangwithaloudandsonorousvoicethesongsofthesonofTeios。Butgraduallymysongstheyceased，andtheirechoes，rollingafaroffamongthesabledraperiesofthechamber，becameweak，andundistinguishable，andsofadedaway。Andlo！fromamongthosesabledraperieswherethesoundsofthesongdeparted，therecameforthadarkandundefinedshadowashadowsuchasthemoon，whenlowinheaven，mightfashionfromthefigureofaman：butitwastheshadowneitherofmannorofGod，norofanyfamiliarthing。Andquiveringawhileamongthedraperiesoftheroom，itatlengthrestedinfullviewuponthesurfaceofthedoorofbrass。Buttheshadowwasvague，andformless，andindefinite，andwastheshadowneitherofmannorofGodneitherGodofGreece，norGodofChaldaea，noranyEgyptianGod。Andtheshadowresteduponthebrazendoorway，andunderthearchoftheentablatureofthedoor，andmovednot，norspokeanyword，buttherebecamestationaryandremained。Andthedoorwhereupontheshadowrestedwas，ifIrememberaright，overagainstthefeetoftheyoungZoilusenshrouded。Butwe，theseventhereassembled，havingseentheshadowasitcameoutfromamongthedraperies，darednotsteadilybeholdit，butcastdownoureyes，andgazedcontinuallyintothedepthsofthemirrorofebony。AndatlengthI，Oinos，speakingsomelowwords，demandedoftheshadowitsdwellinganditsappellation。
　　Andtheshadowanswered，“IamSHADOW，andmydwellingisneartotheCatacombsofPtolemais，andhardbythosedimplainsofHelusionwhichborderuponthefoulCharoniancanal。”Andthendidwe，theseven，startfromourseatsinhorror，andstandtrembling，andshuddering，andaghast，forthetonesinthevoiceoftheshadowwerenotthetonesofanyonebeing，butofamultitudeofbeings，and，varyingintheircadencesfromsyllabletosyllablefelldusklyuponourearsinthewell-rememberedandfamiliaraccentsofmanythousanddepartedfriends。
　　EndofTheWorksofEdgarAllanPoeV。4
　　TheWorksofEdgarAllanPoeVolume5oftheRavenEditionINFIVEVOLUMES
　　ContentsPhilosophyofFurnitureATaleofJerusalemTheSphinxHopFrogTheManoftheCrowdNeverBettheDevillYourHeadThouArttheManWhytheLittleFrenchmanWearshisHandinaSlingBon-BonSomewordswithaMummyThePoeticPrincipleOldEnglishPoetryPOEMS
　　DedicationPrefacePoemsofLaterLifeTheRavenTheBellsUlalumeToHelenAnnabelLeeAValentineAnEnigmaTomyMotherForAnnieToF
　　ToFrancesS。OsgoodEldoradoEulalieADreamwithinaDreamToMarieLouiseShew
　　TotheSameTheCityintheSeaTheSleeperBridalBalladNotesPoemsofManhoodLenoreToOneinParadiseTheColiseumTheHauntedPalaceTheConquerorWormSilenceDreamlandHymnToZanteScenesfrom“Politian“
　　NotePoemsofYouthIntroduction1831
　　SonnetToScienceAlAaraafTamerlaneToHelenTheValleyofUnrestIsrafelTo“TheBowersWhereat，inDreamsISee“
　　To“IHeednotThatmyEarthlyLot“
　　TotheRiver
　　SongADreamRomanceFairylandTheLakeTo
　　“TheHappiestDay“
　　ImitationHymn。TranslationfromtheGreek“InYouthIHaveKnownOne“
　　APaeanNotesDoubtfulPoemsAloneToIsadoreTheVillageStreetTheForestReverieNotesPHILOSOPHYOFFURNITURE。
　　Intheinternaldecoration，ifnotintheexternalarchitectureoftheirresidences，theEnglisharesupreme。TheItalianshavebutlittlesentimentbeyondmarblesandcolours。InFrance，_melioraprobant，deteriora_sequuntur-thepeoplearetoomucharaceofgadaboutstomaintainthosehouseholdproprietiesofwhich，indeed，theyhaveadelicateappreciation，oratleasttheelementsofapropersense。TheChineseandmostoftheeasternraceshaveawarmbutinappropriatefancy。
　　TheScotchare_poor_decorists。TheDutchhave，perhaps，anindeterminateideathatacurtainisnotacabbage。InSpaintheyare_all_curtains-anationofhangmen。TheRussiansdonotfurnish。TheHottentotsandKickapoosareverywellintheirway。TheYankeesalonearepreposterous。
　　Howthishappens，itisnotdifficulttosee。Wehavenoaristocracyofblood，andhavingthereforeasanatural，andindeedasaninevitablething，fashionedforourselvesanaristocracyofdollars，the_displayofwealth_hasheretotaketheplaceandperformtheofficeoftheheraldicdisplayinmonarchicalcountries。Byatransitionreadilyunderstood，andwhichmighthavebeenasreadilyforeseen，wehavebeenbroughttomergeinsimple_show_ournotionsoftasteitselfTospeaklessabstractly。InEngland，forexample，nomereparadeofcostlyappurtenanceswouldbesolikelyaswithus，tocreateanimpressionofthebeautifulinrespecttotheappurtenancesthemselves-
　　oroftasteasregardstheproprietor：-thisforthereason，first，thatwealthisnot，inEngland，theloftiestobjectofambitionasconstitutinganobility；andsecondly，thatthere，thetruenobilityofblood，confiningitselfwithinthestrictlimitsoflegitimatetaste，ratheravoidsthanaffectsthatmerecostlinessinwhicha_parvenu_rivalrymayatanytimebesuccessfullyattempted。
　　Thepeople_will_imitatethenobles，andtheresultisathoroughdiffusionoftheproperfeeling。ButinAmerica，thecoinscurrentbeingthesolearmsofthearistocracy，theirdisplaymaybesaid，ingeneral，tobethesolemeansofthearistocraticdistinction；andthepopulace，lookingalwaysupwardformodels，，areinsensiblyledtoconfoundthetwoentirelyseparateideasofmagnificenceandbeauty。Inshort，thecostofanarticleoffurniturehasatlengthcometobe，withus，nearlythesoletestofitsmeritinadecorativepointofview-andthistest，onceestablished，hasledthewaytomanyanalogouserrors，readilytraceabletotheoneprimitivefolly。
　　TherecouldbenothingmoredirectlyoffensivetotheeyeofanartistthantheinteriorofwhatistermedintheUnitedStates-thatistosay，inAppallachia-awell-furnishedapartment。Itsmostusualdefectisawantofkeeping。Wespeakofthekeepingofaroomaswewouldofthekeepingofapicture-forboththepictureandtheroomareamenabletothoseundeviatingprincipleswhichregulateallvarietiesofart；andverynearlythesamelawsbywhichwedecideonthehighermeritsofapainting，sufficefordecisionontheadjustmentofachamber。
　　Awantofkeepingisobservablesometimesinthecharacteroftheseveralpiecesoffurniture，butgenerallyintheircoloursormodesofadaptationtouse_Very_oftentheeyeisoffendedbytheirinartisticarrangement。Straightlinesaretooprevalent-toouninterruptedlycontinued-orclumsilyinterruptedatrightangles。Ifcurvedlinesoccur，theyarerepeatedintounpleasantuniformity。Byundueprecision，theappearanceofmanyafineapartmentisutterlyspoiled。
　　Curtainsarerarelywelldisposed，orwellchoseninrespecttootherdecorations。Withformalfurniture，curtainsareoutofplace；andanextensivevolumeofdraperyofanykindis，underanycircumstance，irreconcilablewithgoodtaste-theproperquantum，aswellastheproperadjustment，dependinguponthecharacterofthegeneraleffect。
　　Carpetsarebetterunderstoodoflatethanofancientdays，butwestillveryfrequentlyerrintheirpatternsandcolours。Thesouloftheapartmentisthecarpet。Fromitarededucednotonlythehuesbuttheformsofallobjectsincumbent。Ajudgeatcommonlawmaybeanordinaryman；agoodjudgeofacarpet_mustbe_agenius。Yetwehavehearddiscoursingofcarpets，withtheair“_d’unmoutonquireve。”_fellowswhoshouldnotandwhocouldnotbeentrustedwiththemanagementoftheirown_moustaches。_Everyoneknowsthatalargefloor_may_haveacoveringoflargefigures，andthatasmallonemusthaveacoveringofsmall-yetthisisnotalltheknowledgeintheworld。Asregardstexture，theSaxonyisaloneadmissible。Brusselsisthepreterpluperfecttenseoffashion，andTurkeyistasteinitsdyingagonies。Touchingpattern-acarpetshould_not_bebedizzenedoutlikeaRiccareeIndian-allredchalk，yellowochre，andcock’sfeathers。Inbrief-distinctgrounds，andvividcircularorcycloidfigures，_ofnomeaning，_arehereMedianlaws。Theabominationofflowers，orrepresentationsofwell-knownobjectsofanykind，shouldnotbeenduredwithinthelimitsofChristendom。Indeed，whetheroncarpets，orcurtains，ortapestry，orottomancoverings，allupholsteryofthisnatureshouldberigidlyArabesque。Asforthoseantiquefloor-cloth&stilloccasionallyseeninthedwellingsoftherabble-clothsofhuge，sprawling，andradiatingdevises，stripe-interspersed，andgloriouswithallhues，amongwhichnogroundisintelligible-thesearebutthewickedinventionofaraceoftime-serversandmoney-lovers-childrenofBaalandworshippersofMammon-Benthams，who，tosparethoughtandeconomizefancy，firstcruellyinventedtheKaleidoscope，andthenestablishedjoint-stockcompaniestotwirlitbysteam。
　　_Glareis_aleadingerrorinthephilosophyofAmericanhouseholddecoration-anerroreasilyrecognisedasdeducedfromtheperversionoftastejustspecified。，Weareviolentlyenamouredofgasandofglass。Theformeristotallyinadmissiblewithindoors。Itsharshandunsteadylightoffends。Noonehavingbothbrainsandeyeswilluseit。Amild，orwhatartiststermacoollight，withitsconsequentwarmshadows，willdowondersforevenanill-furnishedapartment。Neverwasamorelovelythoughtthanthatoftheastrallamp。Wemean，ofcourse，theastrallampproper-thelampofArgand，withitsoriginalplainground-glassshade，anditstemperedanduniformmoonlightrays。Thecut-glassshadeisaweakinventionoftheenemy。Theeagernesswithwhichwehaveadoptedit，partlyonaccountofits_flashiness，_butprincipallyonaccountofits_greaterrest，is_agoodcommentaryonthepropositionwithwhichwebegan。Itisnottoomuchtosay，thatthedeliberateemployerofacut-glassshade，iseitherradicallydeficientintaste，orblindlysubservienttothecapricesoffashion。Thelightproceedingfromoneofthesegaudyabominationsisunequalbroken，andpainful。Italoneissufficienttomaraworldofgoodeffectinthefurnituresubjectedtoitsinfluence。Femaleloveliness，inespecial，ismorethanone-halfdisenchantedbeneathitsevileye。
　　Inthematterofglass，generally，weproceeduponfalseprinciples。
　　Itsleadingfeatureis_glitter-_andinthatonewordhowmuchofallthatisdetestabledoweexpress！Flickering，unquietlights，are_sometimes_pleasing-tochildrenandidiotsalwaysso-butintheembellishmentofaroomtheyshouldbescrupulouslyavoided。Intruth，evenstrong_steady_lightsareinadmissible。Thehugeandunmeaningglasschandeliers，prism-cut，gas-lighted，andwithoutshade，whichdangleinourmostfashionabledrawing-rooms，maybecitedasthequintessenceofallthatisfalseintasteorpreposterousinfolly。
　　Theragefor_glitter-_becauseitsideahasbecomeaswebeforeobserved，confoundedwiththatofmagnificenceintheabstract-hasledus，also，totheexaggeratedemploymentofmirrors。WelineourdwellingswithgreatBritishplates，andthenimaginewehavedoneafinething。Nowtheslightestthoughtwillbesufficienttoconvinceanyonewhohasaneyeatall，oftheilleffectofnumerouslooking-glasses，andespeciallyoflargeones。Regardedapartfromitsreflection，themirrorpresentsacontinuous，flat，colourless，unrelievedsurface，-athingalwaysandobviouslyunpleasant。Consideredasareflector，itispotentinproducingamonstrousandodiousuniformity：andtheevilishereaggravated，notinmerelydirectproportionwiththeaugmentationofitssources，butinaratioconstantlyincreasing。Infact，aroomwithfourorfivemirrorsarrangedatrandom，is，forallpurposesofartisticshow，aroomofnoshapeatall。Ifweaddtothisevil，theattendantglitteruponglitter，wehaveaperfectfarragoofdiscordantanddispleasingeffects。Theveriestbumpkin，onenteringanapartmentsobedizzened，wouldbeinstantlyawareofsomethingwrong，althoughhemightbealtogetherunabletoassignacauseforhisdissatisfaction。Butletthesamepersonbeledintoaroomtastefullyfurnished，andhewouldbestartledintoanexclamationofpleasureandsurprise。