[InPreuss，ii。58，thepungentlittleAutographinfull。]AndatoncerecallsMoritz，andappointsthePrinceofPrussiatogoandtakecommand。Whodirectlywent；——amostimportantstepfortheKing’sinterestsandhisown。Whosefortunesinthatbusinessweshallseebeforelong！——
AtLeitmeritztheKingcontinuesfourweeks，withhisArmypartedinthisway；waitinghowtheendlesshostileelement，whichbegirdleshishorizonallround，willshapeitselfintocombinations，thathemaysetuponthelikeliestortheneedfulestofthese，whenonceithasdiscloseditself。Horizonallroundisblackenough:Austrians，French，Swedes，Russians，ReichsArmy；
closeruponhimornotsoclose，allarerollingin:Saxony，theLausitzandSilesia，Brandenburgitself，itisuncertainwhichofthesemaysoonestrequirehisactivepresence。
TheverydayafterhisarrivalinLeitmeritz，——Tuesday，28thJune，whilethatjunctionwithKeithwasgoingon，andthetroopsweredefilingalongtheBridgeforjunctionwithKeith，——aheavysorrowhadbefallenhim，whichheyetknewnotof。AnirreparableDomesticloss；sadcomplementtotheseMilitaryandotherPublicdisasters。
QueenSophieDorothee，aboutwhosehealthhehadbeenanxious，buthadagainbeensetquiet，diedatBerlinthatday。[Monbijou，28thJune，1757；bornatHanover，27thMarch，1687。]Inherseventy—
firstyear:ofnodefiniteviolentdisease；worndownwithchagrinsandapprehensions，inthisblackwhirlpoolofPublictroubles。
Sofarasappears，thenewscameonFriedrichbysurprise:——"badcough，"wehearof，andofhisanxietiesaboutit，intheSpringtime；thenagainof"improvement，recovery，inthefineweather；"——
nothought，justnow，ofsuchanevent:andhetookitwithadepthofaffliction，whichmylessinformedreadersarefarfromexpectingofhim。
July2d，thenewscame:Kingwithdrewintoprivacy；toweepandbewailunderthisnewpungencyofgrief，superaddedtosomanyothers。Mitchellsays:"Fortwodayshehadnolevee；onlythePrincesdinedwithhim[PrincesHenriandFerdinand；PrinceofPrussiaisgonetoJung—Bunzlau，wouldgetthesadmessagethere，amonghisothertroubles]:yesterday，July3d，Kingsentformeintheafternoon，——thefirsttimehehasseenanybodysincethenewscame:——Ihadthehonortoremainwithhimsomehoursinhiscloset。
ImustowntoyourLordshipIwasmostsensiblyafflictedtoseehimindulginghisgrief，andgivingwaytothewarmestfilialaffections；recallingtomindthemanyobligationshehadtoherlateMajesty；allshehadsuffered，andhownoblysheboreit；
thegoodshedidtoeverybody；theonecomforthenowhad，tothinkofhavingtriedtomakeherlastyearsmoreagreeable。"
[PapersandMemoirs，i。253；DespatchtoHolderness，4thJuly（slightlyabridged）；——seeib。i。357—359
（PrivateJournal）。Westphalen，ii。14。SeeOEuvresdeFrederic，iv。182。]Inthethickofpublicbusiness，thiskindofmoodtoMitchellseemstohavelastedallthetimeofLeitmeritz，whichisaboutthreeweeksyet:Mitchell’sNote—booksandDespatches，inthatpart，haveafineBiographicinterest；
thewhollyhumanFriedrichwhollyvisibletousthereasheseldomis。GoingoverhispastLifetoMitchell；brief，candid，pioustobothhisParents；——inexpressiblysad；likemoonlightonthegraveofone’sMother，silentthat，whilesomuchelseistoonoisy！
ThisFriedrich，uponwhomthewholeworldhasrisenlikeamadSorcerer’s—Sabbath，howsafeheoncelayinhiscradle，liketherestofus，mother’slovewrappinghimsoft:——andnow！
Thesethoughtscommingleinaverytragicwaywiththeavalancheofpublicdisasterswhichisthunderingdownonallsides。Warmtearsthemeedofthisnewsorrow；smallincompass，butgreaterinpoignancythanalltheresttogether。"MypooroldMother，oh，myMother，thatsolovedmealways，andwouldhavegivenherownlifetosheltermine！"——ItwasatLeitmeritz，asIguess，thatMitchellfirstmadedecisiveacquaintance，whatwemayalmostcallintimacy，withtheKing:wealreadydefinedhimasasagacious，long—headed，loyal—hearteddiplomaticgentleman，Scotchbybirthandbyturnofcharacter；abundantlypolite，vigilant，discreet，andwithafundofgeneralsenseandruggedveracityofmind；whomFriedrichatoncerecognizedforwhathewas，andmuchtookto，findingaheartyreturnwithal；sothattheyweresoonwellwithoneanother，andcontinuedso。Mitchell，asorderswere，"attendedtheKing’sperson"allthroughthisWar，sometimesintheblazeofbattleitselfandnothingbutcannon—shotgoing，ifitsochanced；andhaspreserved，inhismultifariousPapers，agreatmanytraitsofFriedrichnottobemetwithelsewhere。
Mitchell’soccasionalsociety，conversationwithamanofsenseandmanlycharacter，whichFriedrichalwaysmuchloved，was，nodoubt，aresourcetoFriedrichinhislonelyroamingsandvicissitudesinthosedarkyears。NootherBritishAmbassadoreverhadthelucktopleasehimorbepleasedbyhim，——mostofthem，asEx—ExchequerLeggeandthelikeEx—Parliamentarypeople，heseemstohaveconsidereddull，obstinate，woodenfellows，offantastic，abruptratherabstrusekindofcharacter，notworthdeciphering；——someofthem，asHanburyWilliams，withthemischievoustic（morelikegalvanismorSt。—Vitus’—dance）whichhecalled"wit，"andtheinconvenientturnforplottingandintriguing，Friedrichcouldnotendureatall，buthadthemassoonaspossiblerecalled，——ofcourse，notwithoutdetestationontheirpart。
AtLeitmeritz，itappears，hekeptwithdrawntohisclosetagooddeal；gavehimselfuptohissorrowsandhisthoughts；wouldsitmanyhoursdrownedintears，weepingbitterlylikeachildorawoman。Thisisstrangetosomereaders；butitistrue，——andoughttoaltercertaincurrentnotions。Friedrich，flashinglikeclearsteeluponevildoersandmendaciousunjustpersonsandtheirworks，isnotbynatureacruelman，then，oranunfeeling，asRumorreports？Reader，no，farthereverse；——andpublicRumor，asyoumayhaveremarked，isapttobeanextremeblockhead，fulloffuryandstupidityonsuchpoints，andhadmuchbetterholditstonguetillitknowinsomemeasure。Extremesensibilityisnotsuretobeamerit；thoughitissuretobereckonedone，bythegreedydimfellowslookingidlyon:but，inanycase，thedegreeofitthatdwelt（privately，formostpart）inFriedrichwasgreat；andtohimselfitseemedasadratherthanjoyfulfact。Speakingofthismatter，longafterwards，toGarve，aSilesianPhilosopher，withwhomheusedtoconverseatBreslau，hesays；——orletdullGarvehimselfreportit，intheliteralthird—person:——
"Andherein，I，"theHerrGarve（venturingtodispute，orqualify，ononeofhisMajesty’sfavoritetopics），"believe，liestherealgroundof’happiness:’itisthecapacityandopportunitytoaccomplishgreatthings。ThistheKingwouldnotallow；butsaid，ThatIdidnotsufficientlytakeintoaccountthenaturalfeelings，differentindifferentpeople，which，whenpainful，imbitteredthelifeofthehighestasofthelowest。That，inhisownlife，hehadexperiencedthedeepestsufferingsofthiskind:’And，’addedhe，withatouchingtoneofkindnessandfamiliarity，whichneveroccurredagaininhisinterviewswithme，’ifyou（ER）knew，forinstance，whatIunderwentonthedeathofmyMother，youwouldseethatIhavebeenasunhappyasanyother，andunhappierthanothers，becauseofthegreatersensibilityIhad（WEILICHMEHR
EMPFINDLICHKEITGEHABTHABE）。’"[FragmentezurSchilderungdesGeistes，desCharaktersundderRegierungFriedrichsdesZweiten，vonChristianGarve（Breslau，1798），i。
314—316。AnunexpectedlydullBook（Garvehavingtalentandreputation）；kindofmonotonousPreachmentuponFriedrich’scharacter:almostnothingbuttheabovefractionnowderivablefromit。]
ThereneedednotthisnewcalamityinFriedrich’slotjustnow！
Fromallpointsofthecompass，hisenemies，heldinchecksolong，arefloatingon:theconfluenceofdisastersandill—tidings，atthistime，verygreat。FromJung—Bunzlau，closeby，hisBrother’saccountsarebad；andgroweverworse，——aswillbeseen！OntheextremeWest，"July3d，"whileFriedrichatLeitmeritzsatweepingforhisMother，theFrenchtakeEmbdenfromhim；"July5th，"theRussians，Memel，ontheutmostEast。June30th，sixdaysbefore，theRussians，afterasmanymonthsofhaggling，didcrosstheBorder；37，000ofthemonthispoint；andsettobombardingMemelfromlandandsea。PoorMemel（garrisononly700）answeredveryfiercely，"sanktwooftheirgunboats"andthelike；buttheendwasaswesee，——FeldmarschallLehwaldabletogivenorelief。
Fortherewereabove70，000otherRussians（FeldmarschallApraxinwiththeselatter，andCossacksandCalmucksmorethanenough）
crossingelsewhere，southinTilsitCountry，uponoldLehwald。
[Helden—Geschichte，iv。407—413。]
Lehwald，with30，000，insuchcircumstances——whatistobecomeofPreussenandhim！Nearerhand，theAustrians，theFrench，theveryReichsArmy，donowseemintentonbusiness。
TheReichsExecutionArmy，wesawhowMayerandtheBattleofPraghadcheckeditinthebirth—pangs；andgivenrisetopangsofanothersort；thepoorReichsCirclesgenerallyexclaiming，"What！
Bringthewarintoourownborders？BringtheKingofPrussiaonourownthroats！"——andstoppingshortintheirenlistmentsandpreparations；invainforAustrianOfficialstourgethem。
Watchingthere，withawe—struckeye，whilethe12，000bombsflewintoPrag。
TheBattleofKolinhasreversedallthat；andthepooroldReichisagainbentonbusinessintheExecutionway。Drumming，committeeing，projecting，andendeavoring，withallhermight，inallquarters；and，fromandaftertheeventofKolin，holdingvisibleEncampment，intheNurnbergCountry；fractionsofactualtroopsassemblingthere。"OnthePlainsofFurth，betweenFurthandFarrenbach，eastsidetheRiverRegnitz，therewastheCamppitched，"saysmyAnonymousFriend；whogivesmeacheerfulCopperplateofthething:redpennons，blue，andbrightmixedcolors；generals，tents；order—of—battle，andrespectiverallyingpoints:withBambergCountryinfront，andthepeaksofthePineMountainslyingpleasantlybehind:asightforthecurious。
[J。F。S。（whomInamedANONYMOUSOFHAMBURGlongsince；whohasboileddown，withgreatdiligence，theoldNewspapers，andgivesagreatmanydates，notes，&c。，withoutIndex），i。211，224（theCopperplate）。]ItisthesamegroundwhereMayerwascareeringlately；neighboringnobilityandgentrygladtocomeingala，anddancewithMayer。Hither，allthroughJuly，comecontingentsstragglingin，thickerandthicker；"August8th，"thingsnowaboutcomplete，theBishopofBambergcametotakesurveyoftheReichs—
Heer（Bishop’sremarksnotgiven）；August10th，cametheyoungreigningDukeofHildburghausen（Duke’sgrand—uncleistobeCommander），onlikeerrand；August11th）theReichs—Heergotonmarch。Westwardho！——readerswillseetowardswhat。
AtrulyELENDE，ormiserable，ReichsExecutionArmy（astheMISprinterhadmadeit）；butgivingloudvoiceintheGazettes；
andurgedbyeveryconsiderationtodosomethingforitself。
PrinceofHildburghausen——ageneralofsmallmerit，thoughhehasrisenintheAustrianservice，andwehaveseenhimwithSeckendorfinoldTurktimes——has，forhisKaiser’ssake，takenthecommand；
sensibleperhapsthatgloryisnotlikelytoberifehere；
butwillingtomakehimselfuseful。KaiserandAustriaurge，everywhere，withalltheirmight:PrinceofHessen—Darmstadt，wholayontheWeissenberglately，oneofKeith’sdistinguishedsecondsthereandaPrussianOfficeroflongstanding，has，onKaiser’sorder，quittedallthat，andbecomeHildburghausen’ssecondhere，intheCampofFurth；thinkingthepathofdutylaythatway，——
thoughhisWife，oneofthenoblewomenofherage，thoughtverydifferently。[HerLettertoFriedrich，"Berlin，30thOctober，1757，"OEuvresdeFrederic，xxvii。ii。135。]
AsimilarKaiser’sorder，backedbywhatLaw—thunderlayintheReich，hadgoneoutagainstFriedrich’sownBrothers，andagainsteveryReichsPrincewhowasinFriedrich’sservice；but，excepthimofHessen—Darmstadt，noneofthemhadmuchminded。[InOrlich，FurstMoritzvonAnhaltDessau（Berlin，1842），pp。74，75，PrinceMoritz’srathermournfulLetteronthesubject，withFriedrich’ssharpAnswer。]Ididnothearthathisstrategictalentwasmomentous:butPrussiahadtaughthimtheroutineofrightsoldiering，surelytosmallpurpose；
andFriedrich，nodoubt，glancedindignantlyatthissmallthing，amongthemanybigones。
FromabouttheendofJune，theReichsArmykeptdribblingin:
themostinferiorArmyintheworld；nopartofitwelldrilled，mostofitnotdrilledatall；andforvarietyincolor，condition，method，andmilitaryandpecuniaryandotheroutfit，beggaringdescription。Hildburghausendoeshisutmost；Kaiserthelike。
Thenumbershouldhavefarexceeded50，000；butwasnot，onthefield，ofabovehalfthatnumber:25，000；addatleast8，000
Austriantroops，tworegimentsofthemcavalry；goodthese8，000，therestbad，——thatwastheReichsExecutionArmy；mostinferioramongArmies；andconsiderablepartofit，alltheProtestantpart，privatelywishingwelltoFriedrich，theysay。DrillsitselfmultifariouslyinthatCampbetweenFurthandFarrenbach，ontheeastsideofRegnitzRiver。FancywhatasighttoWilhelmina，ifsheeverdrovethatway；whichIthinkshehardlywould。
TheBaireuthcontingentitselfisthere；theMargrafwouldhaveheldoutstiffonthatpoint；butFriedrichhimselfadvisedcompliance。MargrafofAnspach——perversetipplingcreature，illwithhisWife，Idoubt——hasjoyfullysenthislegalhundreds；
willvotefortheReichsBanagainstthisworstofGermans，whomhehasforBrother—in—law。DarkdaysintheheartofWilhelmina，thoseoftheCampatFurth。Dayswhichgroweverdarker，withstrangeflashingsoutofempyreanlightningfromthatshrilltrueheart；
nopeacemore，tillthenobleheroinedie！——
ThisELENDEReichs—Heer，miserable"ArmyoftheCircles，"ismockinglycalled"theHoopers，Coopers（TONNELIERS），"andgetsquizzingenough，underthatandothertitles，fromanOppositionPublic。FarotherfromtheFrenchandAustrians；whoarebentthatitshoulddofeatsintheworld，andproveimpressiveonarobberKing。Thustoo，"forDeliveranceofSaxony，"toco—operatewithReichs—Heerinthatsacredobject，thankstothezealofPompadour，PrincedeSoubisehasgottogether，inElsass，asupplementary30，000（40，330saidTheory，butFactneverquitesomany）:andispassingthemacrosstheRhine，inFrankfurtCountry，allthroughJuly，whilethedrillingatFurthgoeson。Withthese，Soubise，simultaneouslygettingunderway，willsteernortheastward；
jointheReichs—HeeraboutErfurt，beforeAugustend；and——andweshallseewhatbecomesofthecombinedSoubiseandReichsArmyafterthat！
Itmustbeowned，theFrench，Pompadourandloveofgloryurging，arediligentsincetheeventofKolin。InselectParisiancircles，theSoubiseArmy，oreventhatofD’Estreesaltogether，——producedbythetearsofafilialDauphiness，——isregardedasaquasi—
sacred，oruncommonlynoblething；andiscalledbyhername，"L’ARMEEDELADAUPHINE；"orforshortness"LADAUPHINE"withoutadjunct。Thus，likeakindofchivalrousBellona，vengeanceinherrighthand，tearsandfireinhereyes，theDAUPHINESSadvances；
andwilljoinReichs—HeeratErfurtbeforeAugustend。SuchthewillofPompadour；Richelieuencouraging，forreasonsofhisown。
Soubise，Iunderstand，isprivatelyinpiqueagainstpoorD’Estrees；["ReappearedunexpectedlyinParis[fromD’Estree’sArmy]，22dJune"（fourdaysafterKolin）:gotupthisDAUPHINESS
ARMY，byaidofPompadour，withRichelieu，&c。:BARBIER，iv。227，231。Richelieu"busyatStrasburglately"（29thJuly:Collini’sVOLTAIRE，p。191）。]andintendstoeclipsehimbyahigherstyleofdiligence；thoughD’Estreestooisdoinghisbest。
July3d，wesawtheD’EstreespeopletakingEmbden；D’Estrees，quietsolonginhisCampatBielefeld，hadatoncebestirredhimself，Kolinbeingdone；——shotoutadetachmentleftwards，andEmbdenhadcapitulatedthatday。AdieutotheShippingIntereststhere，andtootherpleasantthings！"July9th，aftersunset，"
D’EstreeshimselfgotonmarchfromBielefeld；setforth，inthecoolofnight，60，000strong，and10，000moretojoinhimbytheroad（therestareleftasgarrisons，reserves，——1，000maraudersofthemswingasmonitorypendulums，ontheirvarioustrees，foroneitem），——directtowardsHanoverandRoyalHighnessofCumberland；
whoretreats，andhasretreated，behindtheEms，theWeser，back，everback；and，toappearance，willmakeabadfinishyonder。
ToFriedrich，waitingatLeitmeritz，allthesethingsaregloomilyknown；butthemostpressingofthemisthatoftheAustriansandJung—Bunzlaucloseby。LetusgivesomeutterancesofhistoWilhelmina，nearlyallwehaveofdirectfromhiminthattime；
andthenhastentothePrinceofPrussiathere:——
FRIEDRICHTOWILHELMINA（atBaireuth）。
LEITMERITZ，1stJULY，1757……"Sensibleasheartcanbetothetenderinterestyoudeigntotakeinwhatconcernsme。DearSister，fearnothingonmyscore:menarealwaysinthehandofwhatwecallFate"（"Predestination，GNADENWAHL，"——Pardonus，Papa！——"CE
QU’ONNOMMELEDESTIN）；accidentswillbefallpeople，walkingonthestreets，sittingintheirroom，lyingintheirbed；andtherearemanywhoescapetheperilsofwar……Ithink，throughHessenwillbethesafestrouteforyourLetters，tillwesee；andnottowritejustnowexceptonoccasionsofimportance。Hereisapieceincipher；anonymous，"——intendedfortheNewspapers，orsomesuchroad。
JULY5th。"ByaCourierofPlotho’s，returningtoRegensburg[whopassesnearyou]，IwritetoapprisemydearSisterofthenewmiserywhichoverwhelmsus。WehavenolongeraMother。Thislossputsthecrownonmysorrows。Iamobligedtoact；andhavenottimetogivefreecoursetomytears。Judge，Iprayyou，ofthesituationofafeelingheartputtosocruelatrial。Alllossesintheworldarecapableofbeingremedied；butthosewhichDeathcausesarebeyondthereachofhope。"
JULY7th。"Youaretoogood；Iamashamedtoabuseyourindulgence。
Butdo，sinceyouwill，trytosoundtheFrench，whatconditionsofPeacetheywoulddemand；onemightjudgeastotheirintentions。
SendthatMirabeau（CEM。DEMIRABEAU）toFrance。WillinglywillI
paytheexpense。Hemayofferasmuchasfivemillionthalers[750，000pounds]totheFavorite[yes，eventothePompadour]forPeacealone。Ofcourse，hisutmostdiscretionwillbeneeded；"
——shouldtheEnglishgettheleastwindofit！ButiftheyaregonetoSt。Vitus，andfailineverypoint，whatcanonedo？
CEM。DEMIRABEAU，readerswillbesurprisedtolearn，isanUncleofthegreatMirabeau’s；whohasfallenintorovingcourses，goneabroadinsolvent；and"directstheOperaatBaireuth，"intheseyears！——OneLetterwewillgiveinfull:——
"LEITMERITZ，13thJnly，1757。
"MYDEARESTSISTER，——YourLetterhasarrived:IseeinityourregretsfortheirreparablelosswehavehadofthebestandworthiestMotherinthisworld。Iamsostruckdownwithalltheseblowsfromwithinandwithout，thatIfeelmyselfinasortofStupefaction。
"TheFrenchhavejustlaidholdofFriesland[seizedEmbden，July3d]；areabouttopasstheWeser:theyhaveinstigatedtheSwedestodeclareWaragainstme；theSwedesaresending17，000men[rathermoreifanything；buttheyprovedbeautifullyineffectual]
intoPommern，"——willbeburdensometoStralsundandthepoorcountrypeoplemainly；havingnoCaptainoverthembutahydra—
headedNationalPalaverathome，andaLong—polewithCocked—hatonithereathand。"TheRussiansarebesiegingMemel[havetakenit，tendaysago]:Lehwaldhasthemonhisfrontandinhisrear。
TheTroopsoftheReich，"fromyourPlainsofFurthyonder，"arealsoabouttomarch。AllthiswillforcemetoevacuateBohemia，sosoonasthatcrowdofEnemiesgetsintomotion。
"IamfirmlyresolvedontheextremesteffortstosavemyCountry。
Weshallsee（QUITTEAVOIR）ifFortunewilltakeanewthought，orifshewillentirelyturnherbackuponme。HappythemomentwhenI
tooktotrainingmyselfinphilosophy！Thereisnothingelsethatcansustainthesoulinasituationlikemine。Ispreadouttoyou，dearSister，thedetailofmysorrows:ifthesethingsregardedonlymyself，Icouldstanditwithcomposure；butIamboundGuardianofthesafetyandhappinessofaPeoplewhichhasbeenputundermycharge。Thereliesthestingofit:andIshallhavetoreproachmyselfwitheveryfault，if，bydelayorbyover—haste，I
occasionthesmallestaccident；allthemoreas，atpresent，anyfaultmaybecapital。
"Whatabusiness！HereisthelibertyofGermany，andthatProtestantCauseforwhichsomuchbloodhasbeenshed；herearethoseTwogreatInterestsagainatstake；andthepinchofthishugegameissuch，thatanunluckyquarterofanhourmayestablishoverGermanythetyrannousdominationoftheHouseofAustriaforever！Iaminthecaseofatravellerwhoseeshimselfsurroundedandreadytobeassassinatedbyatroopofcut—throats，whointendtosharehisspoils。SincetheLeagueofCambrai[1508—1510，withaPopeinitandaKaiserandMostChristianKing，iniquitouslyswornagainstpoorVenice；——tonopurpose，ashappilyappears]，thereisnoexampleofsuchaConspiracyasthatinfamousTriumvirate[Austria，France，Russia]nowformsagainstme。Wasiteverseenbefore，thatthreegreatPrinceslaidplotinconcerttodestroyaFourth，whohaddonenothingagainstthem？IhavenothadtheleastquarreleitherwithFranceorwithRussia，stilllesswithSweden。If，incommonlife，threecitizenstookitintotheirheadstofallupontheirneighbor，andburnhishouseabouthim，theyverycertainly，bysentenceoftribunal，wouldbebrokenonthewheel。What！andwillSovereigns，whomaintainthesetribunalsandtheselawsintheirStates，givesuchexampletotheirsubjects？……Happy，mydearSister，istheobscureman，whosegoodsensefromyouthupwards，hasrenouncedallsortsofglory；
who，inhissafelowplace，hasnonetoenvyhim，andwhosefortunedoesnotexcitethecupidityofscoundrels！
"Butthesereflectionsarevain。Wehavetobewhatourbirth，whichdecides，hasmadeusinenteringuponthisworld。Ireckonedthat，beingKing，itbeseemedmetothinkasaSovereign；andI
tookforprinciple，thatthereputationofaPrinceoughttobedearertohimthanlife。Theyhaveplottedagainstme；theCourtofViennahasgivenitselfthelibertyoftryingtomaltreatme；
myhonorcommandedmenottosufferit。WehavecometoWar；agangofrobbersfallsonme，pistolinhand:thatistheadventurewhichhashappenedtome。Theremedyisdifficult:indesperatediseasestherearenomethodsbutdesperateones。
"Ibegathousandpardons，dearSister:inthesethreelongpagesI
talktoyouofnothingbutmytroublesandaffairs。Astrangeabuseitwouldbeofanyotherperson’sfriendship。Butyours，mydearSister，yoursisknowntome；andIampersuadedyouarenotimpatientwhenIopenmyhearttoyou:——aheartwhichisyoursaltogether；beingfilledwithsentimentsofthetenderestesteem，withwhichIam，mydearestSister，your[intruth，affectionateBrotheratalltimes]F。"
[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxvii。i。294，295，296—298。]
PRINCEAUGUSTWILHELMFINDSABADPROBLEMATJUNG—BUNZLAU；
ANDDOESITBADLY:FRIEDRICHTHEREUPONHASTORISEFROM
LEITMERITZ，ANDTAKETHEFIELDELSEWHERE，INBITTERHASTE
ANDIMPATIENCE，WITHOUTLOOKSWORSETHANEVER。
ThePrinceofPrussia’sEnterprisehaditsintricacies；but，bygoodmanagement，wascapableofbeingdone。Atleast，soFriedrichthought；——though，intruth，itwouldhavebeenbetterhadFriedrichgonehimself，sincethechiefpressurehappenedtofallthere！
ThePrincehastoretire，Parthian—like，asslowlyaspossible，withthelateKolinorMoritz—BevernArmy，towardstheLausitz，keepinghiseyeuponSilesiathewhile；ofcoursesecuringthepassesandstrongplacesinhispassage，fordefenceofhisownrearatlowest；especiallysecuringZittau，afineopulentTown，wherehischiefMagazineis，fedfromSilesianow。TheArmyisingoodstrength（guess30，000），witheveryequipmentcomplete，indiscipline，inhealthandinheart，suchasbeseemsaPrussianArmy，——probablylongingrather，ifitventuretolongorwishforanythingnotyetcommanded，tohaveastrokeatthoseAustriansagain，andpaythemsomethingtowardsthatlateKolinscore。
ThePrincearrivedatJung—Bunzlau，June30th；Winterfeldwithhim，and，athisownrequest，Schmettau。TheAustrianshavenotyetstirred:iftheydo，itmaybeupontheKing，itmaybeuponthePrince:inthreeorevenintwomarches，PrinceandKingcanbetogether，——theKingonlytoohappy，inthepresentoppressivecoilofdoubts，tofindtheAustriansreadyforanewpassageofbattle，andanimmediatedecision。TheAustriansdid，infact，breakout，——
seemingly，atfirst，upontheKing；butinrealityuponthePrince，whomtheyjudgesafergame；andthematterbecamemuchmorecriticaluponhimthanhadbeenexpected。
ThePrincewasthoughttohaveagoodjudgment（toomuchtalkinit，wesometimesfeared），andfairknowledgeinmilitarymatters。
TheKing，notquitebythePrince’schoice，hasgivenhimWinterfeldforMentor；Winterfeld，whohasanexcellentmilitaryheadinsuchmatters，andaheartfirmassteel，——almostlikeasecondselfintheKing’sestimation。ExcellentWinterfeld；——butthentherearealsoSchmettau，Bevernandothers，possiblyinprivatenottoowellaffectedtothisWinterfeld。Infact，thereisratheramultitudeofCounsellers；——andaningenuousfine—spiritedPrince，perhapsmorecapableofeloquenceontheOppositionside，thanofcondensingintorealwisdomamultitudeofcounsels，whenthecrisisrises，andtheaffairbecomesreallydifficult。
Crisisdidrise:thevictoriousAustrians，aftersuchdelay，hadfinallymadeuptheirmindstopressthisonealittle，thisoneratherthantheKing，andhanguponhisskirts；DaunandPrinceKarlsetoutafterhim，justaboutthetimeofhisarrival，——
"70，000strong，"thePrincehears；includingplentyofPandours。
Certainitis，thepoorPrince’sminddidflounderagooddeal；
andhisproceduressucceededextremelyillonthisoccasion。
Certain，too，thattheywereextremelyill—takenathead—quarters:
andthatheevendiedsoonafter，——chieflyofbrokenheart，saidthecensoriousworld。ItiswellknownhowEuroperangwiththematterforalongwhile；andBookswereprinted，andDocuments，andCOLLECTIONSBYAMASTER’SHAND。[LettresSecretestouchantlaDeniereGuerre；deMaindeMaitre；diviseesendeuxparties（FrancfortetAmsterdam，1772）:thisisthePrince’sownStatement，Proofinhand。ByfartheclearestAccountisinSchmettau’sLeben（byhisSon），pp。353—384。
SeealsoPreuss，ii。57—61，andespeciallyii。407。]We，whocanspendbutapageortwoonit，mustcarefullystandbytheessentialpart。
"JUNE30th—JULY3d，PrinceatJung—Bunzlau，inchiefcommand。
BesidesWinterfeld，theGeneralsunderhimareZiethen，Schmettau，Fouquet，Retzow，Goltz，andtwootherswhoneednotbeofouracquaintance。Impossibletostaythere，thinksthePrince，thinkseverybody；andtheyshifttoNeuschloss，westwardthirtymiles。
July1st，DaunhadcrossedtheElbe（Daunletussayforbrevity，thoughitisDaunandKarl，orevenKarlandDaun，Karlbeingchief，andcapableofsayingsoattimes，thoughDaunisverysplendentsinceKolin），——crossedtheElbeaboveBrandeis；
Nadasti，withprecursorPandours，nowwithinanhour’smarchofJung—Bunzlau；——anditwastimetogo。
"JULY3d—6th，AtNeuschloss，whichisthoughtastrongposition，keyofthelocalitiesthere，andnearerFriedrichtoo，thePrincestayednotquitefourdays；shiftedtoBohm（BohmISCH）Leipa，JULY
7th，——ratherofffromLeitmeritz，butamarchtowardsZittau，wheretheprovisionsare。’Abadchange，’saidthePrince’sfriendsafterwards；（changeadvisedbyWinterfeld，——whonevermentionedthatcircumstancetohisMajesty，manyashedidmention，notinthebestway！’——PrincegetstoBohmLeipaJuly7th；staysthere，inquestionablecircumstances，ninedays。
"BohmLeipaisstillnotabovethirtymilesnortheastwardoftheKing；anditisaboutthesamedistancesouthwestwardfromZittau，outofwhichfineTown，partlybycross—roads，thePrincegetshisprovisionsonthismarch。FromZittauhitherward，asfarasthelittleTownofGabel，whichliesabouthalfway，thereisbroadHighRoad，thegreatSouthernKAISER—STRASSE:fromGabel，forBohmLeipa，youhavetocrosssouthwestwardbycountryroads；thekeystowhich，especiallyGabel，thePrincehasnotfailedtosecurebypropergarrisonparties。Andso，foraboutaweek，notquiteuncomfortably，hecontinuesatBohmLeipa；gettinginhisconvoysfromZittau。DiligentlyscanningthePandourstragglingsandsputteringsroundhim，whichareclearlyontheincreasinghand。
DiligentlycorrespondingwiththeKing，meanwhile；whomuchdiscouragesundueapprehension，orretreatmovementtillthelastpinch。’Edgingbackward，andagainbackward，youcomebounceuponBerlinoneday，andwillthenhavetohalt！’——whichisnotpleasanttothePrince。But，indisputably，thePandourspurtsonhimdobecomePandourgushings，withregularsalsonoticeable:itiscertaintheAustriansareout，——pretendingfirsttomeantheKingandLeitmeritz；butknowingbetter，andmeaningthePrinceandBohmLeipaallthewhile。"——Bywayofsupplement，takeDaun’spositionsintheinterim:——
DaunandKarlwereatPodschernitz26thJune；1stJuly，crosstheElbe，aboveBrandeis（Nadastinowwithinanhour’smarchofJung—
Bunzlau）；7thJuly（daywhilethePrinceisflittingtoBohmLeipa），DaunisthroughJung—BunzlautoMunchengratz；thencetoLiebenau；14th，toNiemes，notabovefourmilesfromthePrince’srightmostoutpost（rightmostoreastmost，whichlooksawayfromhisBrother）；whileacoupleofadvancedparties，BeckandMaguire，hoveronhisflankZittau—ward，andNadasti（ifheknewit）ispushingontorear。
"THURSDAY，14thJULY，Aboutsixintheevening，atBohmLeipa，distinctcannon—thunderisheardfromnortheast:’EvidentlyGabelgettingcannonaded，andourwagonconvoy[empty，goingtoZittauformeal，GeneralPuttkammerescorting]isinadangerousstate！’
Andbyandbyhussarpartiesofourscomein，witharticulatenewstothatbadeffect:’Gabelunderhotattackofregulars；
Puttkammerwithhis3，000vigorouslydefending，willexpecttoberelievedwithinnotmanyhours！’Herehasthecrisiscome。
Crisissureenough；——andthePrince，tomeetit，summonsthatrefugeoftheirresolute，aCouncilofWar。
"Winterfeld，whoisjustcomehomeinthesemoments，didnotattend；——not，tillthreenextmorning。Winterfeldhadgonetobed；
fairly’tireddead，’withlongmarchingandhurryingabout。TothepoorPrincetherearethreecoursesvisible。CourseFIRST，ThatofjoiningtheKingatLeitmeritz。Gabel，Zittaulostinthatcase；
gamegivenup；——receptionlikelytobebadatLeitmeritz！
CourseSECOND，——thecourseFriedrichhimselfwouldatoncehavegoneupon，andbeenalreadywellaheadwith，——ThatofinstantlytakingmeasuresforthereliefofPuttkammer。DisputeGabeltothelast；retreat，onlossofit，Parthian—like，toZittau，bythatbroadHighway，shortandbroad，wholedistancehenceonlythirtymiles。’Thirtymiles，’saythemultitudeofCounsellors:’Yes，butthefirstfifteen，TOGabel，iscross—road，hilly，difficult；
theyhaveusinflank！’’Weare25，000，’urgesthePrince；
’fifteenmilesisnotmuch！’Thethinghaditsdifficulties:
thePrincehimself，itappears，faintlythoughtitfeasible:
’25，000we；20，000they；onlyfifteenmiles，’saidhe。ButthevarietyofCounsellors:’Cross—roads，defiles，flank—march，dangerous，’saidthey。Andsothethirdcourse，whichwasincomparablytheworst，foundfavorinCouncilofWar:ThatofleavingGabelandPuttkammertotheirfate；andofpushingoffforZittauleftwardsthroughthesafeHills，byKamnitz，Kreywitz，Rumburg；——which，ifthereaderlook，isbyacircuitous，nayquiteparaboliccourse，twiceorthriceasfar:——’InthatmannerletussaveZittauandourMainBody！’saidtheCouncilofWar。Yes，myfriends:acannon—ball，endeavoringtogetintoZittaufromthetown—ditch，wouldhavetotakeaparaboliccourse；——andthecannon—
ballwouldbespeedyuponit，andnothaveHillroadstogoby！
ThisnotableparaboliccircuitofnarrowsteeproadsmayhaveitsdifficultiesforanArmyanditsbaggages！"Enough，thepoorPrinceadoptedthatworstthirdcourse；andevenmadenodespatchingettingintoit；anditprovedruinoustoZittau，andtomuchelse，hisownlifepartlyincluded。
"JULY16th—22d。Thursdaynight，orFriday3A。M。，thatthirdandincomparablyworstcoursewasadopted:Gabel，Puttkammerwithhiswagons，ensigns，kettledrums，allthishastosurrenderinaday:
HighRoadtoZittau，fortheAustrians，isasmoothmarch，whentheyliketogatherfullythere，andstart。AndintheHills，withtheirjoltsandprecipitouswindings，infestedtoobyPandours，thepoorPrussianMainBody，onitswideparaboliccircuit，hasatimeofit！Losesitspontoons，losesmostofitsbaggage；obligedtosetfire，nottothePandours，buttoyourownwagons，andnecessariesofarmylife；encampsonbleakheights；nofood，notevenwater；roadquitelost，roadtoberediscoveredorinvented；
Pandourssputteringonyououtofeverybushandhollow，yourpeasantwagonerscuttingtracesandgallopingoff:——sucharethephenomenaofthatmarchbycircuitleftward，onthepoorPrince’spart。Marchbegan，soonaftermidnight，SATURDAY，16th，Schmettauasvanguard；and"——
And，infine，byFRIDAY，22d，afternotquiteaweekofit，thePrince，curvingfromnorthward（inparaboliccourse，LESSspeedythanthecannon—ball’swouldhavebeen）intosightofZittau，——
behold，therearetheAustriansfarandwidetoleftofus，encampedimpregnablebehindtheNeisseRiverthere！TheyhavegottheEckart’sHill，whichcommandsZittau:——andhowtogetintoZittauandourmagazines，andhowtosubsistifwewerein？
ThepoorPrincetakespostonwhatHeightsthereare，onhisownsideoftheNeisse；lookswistfullydownuponZittau，askingHow？
AboutstrokeofnoontheAustrians，fromtheirEckartsberg，doathingwhichwasmuchtalkedof。Theyopenbatteryofred—hotballsuponZittau；kindletheroofsofit，shingle—roofsindryJuly；
setZittauallonblaze，the10，000innocentsoulsshriekinginvaintoHeavenandEarth；andbeforesunset，Zittauisashesandred—hotwalls，notZittaubutacinder—heap，——PrussianGarrisonnothurt，norMagazineasyet；Garrisonbusywithbuckets，Ishouldguess，butbeginningtofindtheairgrowveryhot。Onthemorrowmorning，Zittauisasmoulderingcinder—heap，hotterandhottertothePrussianGarrison；anddoesnotexistasaCity。
OneofthemostinhumanactionseverheardofinWar，shrieksuniversalGermany；asksitselfwhatcouldhavesetachivalrousKarluponthisdevil—likeprocedure？"ProtestantsthesepoorZittauerswere；shoneincommerce；nosuchweaving，industrying，inallTeutschlandelsewhere:Hah！Aneye—sorrow，they，withtheircommerce，theirweavingsandindustryings，toAustrianPapists，whocannotweaveortrade？"thatwasfinallytheguessofsomepersons；——wideofthemark，wemaywelljudge。PrinceXavierofSaxony，presentintheCamptoo，madenoremonstrance，saidothers。
Alas，myfriends，whatcouldXavierprobablyavail，thefoolishfellow，withonlythreeregiments？PrinceKarl，itwasafterwardsevident，couldhavegotZittauunburnt；andcouldevenhavekeptthePrussiansoutofZittaualtogether。ZittausurelywouldhavebeenveryusefultoPrinceKarl。Butovernight（letustrytofancyitso），notknowingthePrussianpossibilities，PrinceKarl，screwedtothedevilishpoint，hadgothisfurnaceslighted，hisred—hotballsready；andso，hurriedonbyhisPrideandbyhisotherDevils，had，——TherearedevilishthingssometimesdoneinWar。Andwholecitiesaremadeashesbythem。Forcertain，hereisastrangewayofcommencingyour"DeliveranceofSaxony"！
AndPrinceKarlcarries，truly，abrand—markfromthisconflagration，andwilltillallmemoryofhimcease。AstoZittau，itrebuiltitself。Zittauisaliveagain；astrongstonecity，inourday。Onitsnew—builtTown—housestandsagain"BENEFACEREET
MALEAUDIREREGIUMEST，Todowell，andbeillspokenof，isthepartofkings"[AsayingofAlexandertheGreat’s（Plutarch，inALEXANDRE）。]（amazinglytrueofthem，——whentheyarenotshams）。
WhattimesforHerrnhuth；preparingforitsChristianSabbath，undertheseomensnearby！
ThePrinceofPrussiatellsus，he"earlynextmorning（Saturday，23dJuly）hadhistentspitched；"whichwasbutanunavailingprocedure，withpoorZittaugonesucharoad。"BringusbreadoutofthatruinedZittau，"orderedthePrince:hisDetachmentreturnsineffectual，"Sohot，wecannotmarchin。"AndtheGarrisonColonel（oneDiereckeandfivebattalionsaregarrison）sendsoutword:
"Sohot，wecannotstandit。""Standityetaverylittle；and——！"
answersthePrince:butDiereckeandbattalionscannot，oratleastcannotlongenough；andsettomarchingout。Infirmorder，Ihavenodoubt，andwithsomemodicumofbread:butthetumblingofcertainburntwallspartedColonelandmen，inasadway。
Colonelhimself，withthecolors，withthehonors（noneofhispeople，itseems，thoughtheywerescatteredloose），waspickedupbyanAustrianparty，andmadeprisoner。Amiserablebusiness，thisofZittau！
Next，evening，Sunday，afterdark，PrinceofPrussiastrikeshistentsagain；rollsoffinaveryunsuccinctcondition；
happilyunchased，forheadmitsthatchasewouldhavebeenruinous。
OfftowardsLobau（whatnightsforZinzendorfandHerrnhuth，assuchthingstumblepastthem！）；thencetowardsBautzen；andarrivesinthemostlugubrioustornconditionanyPrussianGeneraleverstoodin。ReachesBautzenonthoseterms；——andiswarnedthathisBrotherwillbethereinadayortwo。
OnemayfancyFriedrich’sindignation，astonishmentandgrief，whenheheardofthatmarchtowardsZittauthroughtheHillsbyaparaboliccourse；theissueofwhichistoognessablebyFriedrich。
HehimselfinstantlyrisesfromLeitmeritz；starts，infitdivisions，bythePascopol，bytheElbepasses，forPirna；
and，leavingMoritzofDessauwitha10，000tosecurethePassesaboutPirna，andKeithtocomeonwiththeMagazines，hastensacrossforBautzen，tolookintotheseadvancingtriumphantAustrians，thesestrangePrussianproceedings。Onfirsthearingofthatside—march，hisaugurieshadbeenbadenough；[LettertoWilhelmina"Linay，22dJuly"（seconddayofthemarchfromLeitmeritz）；OEuvres，xxvii。i。298。]buttheeventhasfarsurpassedthem。Zittaugone；theArmyhurryinghome，asifinflight，inthatwreckedcondition；thedoorofSaxony，doorofSilesialeftwideopen，——Daunhasonlytochoose！Daybyday，asFriedrichadvancedtorepairthatmischief，thenewsofithavegrownworseonhim。Daysrifeotherwiseinmerebadnews。
TheRussiansinMemel，Preussenattheirfeet；Soubise’sFrenchandtheReich’sArmypushingonforErfurt，to"deliverSaxony，"
onthatwesternside:andfromtheFrench—Englishsceneofoperations——InthosesamebaddaysRoyalHighnessofCumberlandhasbeendoingafeatworthnoticeintheaboveconnection！Readthis，fromanauthenticsource:——
"HASTENBECK，22d—26thJULY，1757。RoyalHighness，hitchingbackandback，hadgottoHameln，astrongplaceofhisonthesafesideoftheWeser；anddidatlast，Hanoveritselfbeingnownigh，callhalt；andresolvetomakeastand。July22d[verydaywhilethePrinceofPrussiacameinsightofZittau，withtheAustrianshangingoverit]，RoyalHighnesstookpostinthatfavorablevicinityofHameln；atperfectleisuretoselecthisground:
andtheresatwaitingD’Estrees，——swampsforourrightwing，andtheWesernotfaroff；smallHamletofHastenbeckinfront，andawoodyknollforourleft；——totallyinactiveforfourdayslong；
attemptingnothinguponD’Estreesandhisintricateshufflings，butlookingidlynoonwardtothecoursesofthesun，tillD’Estreesshouldcomeup。RoyalHighnessismuchswollenintoobesity，intoflabbytorpor；achangedmansinceFontenoytimes；shockinglyinactive，theysay，inthispostatHastenbeck。D’Estrees，too，isridiculouslycautious，’hasmanoeuvredfifteendaysinadvancingaboutasmanyBritishmiles。’D’Estreesdidatlastcomeup（July25th），nearlytwotooneofRoyalHighness，——72，000somecounthim，butconsiderablyanarchicinparts，overwhelmedwithCourtGeneralsandPrincesoftheBlood，foroneitem；——anddecidesonattacking，nextmorning。D’Estreesdulywenttoreconnoitre，butunluckily’hadmistsuddenlyfalling。’’Well；wemustattack，allthesame！’
"Andso，26thJULY，Tuesday，thereensuedaBATTLEOFHASTENBECK:
theabsurdestBattleintheworld；andwhichought，infairness，tohavebeenlostbyBOTH，thoughRoyalHighnessalonehadtheillluck。BothCaptainsbehavedverypoorly；andeachofthemhadasubalternwhobehavedwell。D’Estrees，withhis70，000VERSUS
40，000postedthere，knowsnothingofRoyalHighness’sposition；
seesonlyRoyalHighness’sleftwingonthatwoodyHeight；
andafterhoursofpreliminarycannonading，sendsoutGeneralChevertuponthat。Chevert，hissubaltern[abitofrightsoldier—
stuff，theChevertwhomweknewatPrag，inoldBelleisletimes]，goesuponitlikefury；whomtheBrunswickGrenadiersresistinlikehumor，hotterandhotter。Somehardfightingthere，onRoyalHighness’sleft；Chevertveryfiery，Grenadiersveryobstinate；
till，onthecentre，westward，inRoyalHighness’schiefbatterythere，somesparkwentthewrongway，andapowder—wagonshotitselfaloftwithhideousblazeandroar；andintheconfusion，theFrenchrushedin，andthebatterywaslost。WhichdiscouragedtheGrenadiers；sothatChevertmadesomeprogressuponthem，ontheirwoodyHeight，andbegantohaveconfidenthope。
"HadChevertknown，orhadD’Estreesknown，therewas，closebehindsaidHeight，aHollow，throughwhichtheseGrenadiersmighthavebeentakeninrear。DangerousHollow，muchneglectedbyRoyalHighness，whohasonlyGeneralBreitenbachwithaweakpartythere。
ThisBreitenbach，happeningtohaveaheadofhisown，andfindingnothingtodointhatHollowortorightward，burstsout，ofhisownaccord，onChevert’sleftflank；cannonading，volleying，horse—
charging；——thesoundofwhich（’Hah，Frenchtheretoo！’）struckadampthroughRoyalHighness，whoinstantlyorderedretreat，andtooktheroad。Whatsingularill—luckthatsoundofBreitenbachtoRoyalHighness！Forobserve，theEFFECTofBreitenbach，——whichwas，torecoverthelostbattery（gallantyoungPrinceofBrunswick，’HereditaryPrince，’orDukethatistobe，strikinginuponitwithbayonet—chargeattherightmoment），madeD’Estreestoorderretreat！’Battlelost，’thinksD’Estrees；——andwithgoodcause，hadBreitenbachbeensupportedatall。Butnosubalterndurst；
andRoyalHighnesshimselfwasnotovertakable，sofarontheroad。
RoyalHighnessweptonhearing；theBrunswickGrenadierstooaresaidtohavewept（forrage）；andprobablyBreitenbachandtheHereditaryPrince。"[Mauvillon，i。228；AnonymousofHamburg，i。206（whogivesaPlanandallmannerofdetails，ifneededbyanybody）；Kausler；&c。&c。]
ThisisthelastofRoyalHighness’sexploitsinWar。Theretreathadbeenordered"ToHanover；"butthebaggagebymistaketooktheroadforMinden；andRoyalHighnessfollowedthither，——muchthesamewhatroadheorittakes。FriedrichmightstillhopehewouldretreatonMagdeburg；40，000goodsoldiersmightfindaCaptainthere，andbevaluableagainstaD’EstreesandSoubiseinthoseparts。Butno；itwasthroughBremenCountry，toStade，intotheSea，thatRoyalHighness，byillluck，retreated！HehasstillonegreatvexationtogiveFriedrich，——tousalmostacomfort，knowingwhatfollowedoutofit；——andwillhavetobementionedoneothertimeinthisHistory，andthengooverourhorizonaltogether。
WhetherFriedrichhadheardofHastenbeckthedayhisBrotherandhemet（July29th，atBautzen），Idonotknow:butitislikelyenoughhemayhavegotthenewsthatverymorning；whichwasnotcalculatedtoincreaseone’sgoodhumor！HismeetingwiththePrinceisroyal，notfraternal，asallmenhaveheard。Letusgivewithbrevity，fromSchmettauJunior，theexactfeaturesofit；
andleavethecandidreader，whohasformedtohimselfsomenotionofkingshipanditssorrowsandsternconditions（havingperhapshimselfsomethingofkingly，inasmallpotentialway），tointerpretthematter，andmakewhathecanofit:——
"BAUTZEN，29thJULY，1757。TheKingwithreinforcementiscominghither，fromtheDresdenside；totakeupthereinsofthisdishevelledZittauArmy；tospeedwithitagainsttheAustrians，and，ifhumanlypossible，lockthedoorsofSilesiaandSaxonyagain，andchasetheintrudersaway。PrinceofPrussiaandtheotherGeneralshavenotice，thenightbefore:’At4A。M。to—morrow（29th），waithisMajesty。’PrinceandGeneralswaitaccordingly，alltherebutGoltzandWinterfeld；theynot，whichisnoted。
"Foraboveanhour，noKing；PrinceandGeneralsrideforward:——
thereistheKingcoming；PrinceHenri，DukeFerdinandofBrunswickandothersinhistrain。King，noticingthem，atabout300pacesdistance，drewbridle；PrinceofPrussiadidthelike，trainandhesalutingwiththeirhats，asdidtheKing’straininreturn。
Kingdidnotsalute；——onthecontrary，heturnedhishorseroundanddismounted，asdideverybodyelseonsuchsignal。Kinglaydownontheground，asifwaitingthearrivalofhisVanguard；andbadeWinterfeldandGoltzsitbyhim。"PoorPrinceofPrussia，andbatteredheavy—ladenGenerals！"Afteraminuteortwo，GoltzcameoverandwhisperedtothePrince。’Hither，MEINEHERREN，allofyou；amessagefromhisMajesty！’criedthePrince。Whereupon，toGeneralsandPrince，Goltzdelivered，inequableofficialtone，theseaffectingwords:’HisMajestycommandsmetoinformyourRoyalHighness，Thathehascausetobegreatlydiscontentedwithyou；thatyoudeservetohaveaCourt—martialheldoveryou，whichwouldsentenceyouandallyourGeneralstodeath；butthathisMajestywillnotcarrythemattersofar，beingunabletoforgetthatintheChiefGeneralhehasaBrother！’"[Schmettau，pp。384，385。]
ThePrinceanswered，HewantedonlyaCourt—martial，andthelike，instifftone。HereistheLetterhewritesnextdaytohisBrother，withtheAnswer:——
PRINCEOFPRUSSIATOTHEKING。
"BAUTERN，30thJuly，1757。
"MYDEARBROTHER，——TheLettersyouhavewrittenme，andthereceptionIyesterdaymetwith，aresufficientproofthat，inyouropinion，Ihaveruinedmyhonorandreputation。Thisgrieves，butitdoesnotcrushme，asinmyownmindIamnotconsciousoftheleastreproach。IamperfectlyconvincedthatIdidnotactbycaprice:Ididnotfollowthecounselsofpeopleincapableofgivinggoodones；IhavedonewhatIthoughttobesuitablestfortheArmy。AllyourGeneralswilldomethatjustice。
"Ireckonituselesstobegofyoutohavemyconductinvestigated:
thiswouldbeafavoryouwoulddome；soIcannotexpectit。
Myhealthhasbeenweakenedbythesefatigues，stillmorebythesechagrins。IhavegonetolodgeintheTown，torecruitmyself。
"IhaverequestedtheDukeofBeverntopresenttheArmyReports；
hecangiveyouexplanationofeverything。Beassured，mydearBrother，thatinspiteofthemisfortuneswhichoverwhelmme，andwhichIhavenotdeserved，IshallneverceasetobeattachedtotheState；andasafaithfulmemberofthesame，myjoywillbeperfectwhenIlearnthehappyissueofyourEnterprises。Ihavethehonortobe"
AUGUSTWILHELM。
MaindeMaitre，p。21。]
KING’SANSWER，THESAMEDAY。
"CAMPNEARBAUTZEN，30thJuly，1757。
"MYDEARBROTHER，——Yourbadguidancehasgreatlyderangedmyaffairs。ItisnottheEnemy，itisyourill—judgedmeasuresthathavedonemeallthismischief。MyGeneralsareinexcusable；
eitherforadvisingyousoill，orinpermittingyoutofollowresolutionssounwise。Yourearsareaccustomedtolistentothetalkofflatterersonly。Daunhasnotflatteredyou；——beholdtheconsequences。Inthisaadsituation，nothingisleftformebuttryingthelastextremity。Imustgoandgivebattle；andifwecannotconquer，wemustallofushaveourselveskilled。
"Idonotcomplainofyourheart；butIdoofyourincapaciy，ofyourwantofjudgmentinnotchoosingbettermethods。Amanwho[likeme；markthephrase，fromsuchaquarter！]hasbutafewdaystoliveneednotdissemble。Iwishyoubetterfortunethanminehasbeen:andthatallthemiseriesandbadadventuresyouhavehadmayteachyoutotreatimportantthingswithmoreofcare，moreofsense，andmoreofresolution。ThegreaterpartofthemisfortuneswhichInowseetobenearcomesonlyfromyou。YouandyourChildrenwillbemoreoverwhelmedbythemthanI。BepersuadedneverthelessthatIhavealwayslovedyou，andthatwiththesesentimentsIshalldie。FRIEDRICH。"
[MAINDEMAITRE，p。22。]
AstheKingwentofftotheHeightsofWeissenberg，Zittauway，toencampthereagainsttheAustrians，thatsameevening，thePrincedidnotanswerthisLetter，——exceptbyaskingverballythroughLieutenant—ColonelLentulus（amuteSwissfigure，muchabouttheKing，whooftenturnsupintheseHistories），"forleavetoreturntoDresdenbythefirstescort。"——"Dependsonhimself；——anescortisgoingthisnight！answeredFriedrich。AndthePrincewentaccordingly；and，bytwostages，gotintoDresdenwithhisescortonthemorrow。Andhad，notyetconsciousofit，quittedtheFieldofWaraltogether；andwassoonabouttoquittheworld，anddie，poorPrince。Diedwithinayear，12thJune，1758，atOranienburg，besidehisFamily，wherehehadlatterlybeen。[Preuss，ii。60
（ib。78）。]——Winterfeldwasalreadygone，sixmonthsbeforehim；
Goltzwent，notlongafterhim；theotherZittauGeneralsallsurvivedthisWar。
ThepoorPrince’sfate，asnatural，wasmuchpitied；andFriedrich，tothisday，isgrowledatfor"inhumantreatment"andsoon。
Intowhichquestionwedonotenter，excepttosaythatFriedrichtoohadhissorrows；andthatprobablyhisconcludingwords，"withthesesentimentsIshalldie，"wereperfectlytrue。MAINDEMAITRE
wentwidelyabroadovertheworld。ThepoorPrince’swordsandprocedureswereeagerlycaughtupbyascrutinizingpublic，——andsomeoftheformerwerenottooguarded。AtDresden，hesaid，onemorning，callingonaGeneralFinckwhomweshallhearofagain:
"Foursuchdisagreeing，thin—skinned，high—pacing（UNEINIGE，PIQUIRTE）GeneralsasFouquet，Schmettau，WinterfeldandGoltz，aboutyou，whatwastobedone！"saidthePrincetoFinck。
[Preuss，ii。79n。:seeib。60，78。]
HisWife，whenatlasthecametoOranienburg，nursedhimfondly；
thatisonecomfortablefact。PrinceHenri，tothelast，hadprivatelyagrudgeofpeculiarintensity，onthisscore，againstallthepeccantparties，Kingnotexcepted。Asindeedhewasapttohave，onvariousscores，thejealous，toovehementlittleman。
Friedrich’shumoratthistimeIcanguesstohavebeenwell—nighdesperate。Hetalksonceof"ahorse，ontoomuchprovocation，gettingthebitbetweenitsteeth；regardlessthenceforthofchasmsandprecipices:"[LettertoWilhelmina，"Linay，22dJuly"（citedabove）。]——thoughhehimselfnevercarriesittothatlength；
andalwayshasawatchfuleye，whenathisswiftest！
FromWeissenberg，thatnight，hedrivesinthePandoursonZittauandtheEckartsberg——buttheAustriansdon’tcomeout。And，forthreeweeksinthisfiercenecessityofbeingspeedy，hecannotgetonerightstrokeattheAustrians；whositinexpugnableupontheirEckart’sHill，bristlingwithcannon；andcaninnowaybemanoeuvreddown，orforcedorenticedintoBattle。Abaffling，bitterlyimpatientthreeweeks；——twoofthemtheworsttwo，hespendsatWeissenbergitself，chasingPandours，andscufflingonthesurface，tillKeithandtheMagazine—traincomeup；——
evenwritingVersesnowandthen，whenthehoursgetunendurableotherwise！
TheinstantKeithandtheMagazinesarecomehestartsforBernstadt；56，000strongafterthisjunction:——andaPrussianOfficer，dating"Bernstadtel[BernstadtonthenowMaps]，21stAugust，1757，"sendsusthisaccount；whichalsoisbutofpreliminarynature:——
"AUGUST15th，MajestyleftWeissenberg，andmarchedhither，muchtotheenemy’sastonishment，whohadlainperfectlyquietforafortnightpast，fancyingtheywereamastiffonthedoor—sillofSilesia:littlethinkingtobetrampledoninthisunceremoniousway！GeneralBeck，whenourhussarsofthevanguardmadeappearance，hadtosaddleandrideasforlife，leavingeveryragofbaggage，andfortyofhisPandourscaptive。Ourhussarsstucktohim，chasinghimintoOstritz，wheretheysurprisedGeneralNadastiatdinner；anddidastillbetterstrokeofbusiness:
Nadastihimselfcouldscarcelyleaponhorsebackandgetoff；
leftallhisfieldequipage，coaches，horses，kitchen—utensils，flunkiesseventy—twoinnumber，——and，whatwasworstofall，asecretbox，inwhichwerefoundcertainDresdenCorrespondencesofahighlytreasonouscharacter，whichnowthewriterstheremayquaketothinkof；"——ifFriedrich，orwe，couldtakemuchnotieeofthem，inthispressofhurries！[Helden—Geschichte，iv。595—599。]
Nextday，August16th，FriedrichdetachedfivebattalionstoGorlitz；——PrinceKarl（hecallsitDAUN）stillcampingontheEckartsberg；——andhimself，about4P。M。，withthemainArmy，marcheduptothoseAustriansontheirHill，toseeiftheywouldfight。[OEuvresdeFrederic，iv。137。]
No，theywouldn’t:theymerelyhustledthemselvesroundsoastofacehim；facehim，andevenflankhimwithcannon—batteriesifhecametoonear。Steepground，"precipitonsfrontofrocks，"insomeplaces。"Ahollowbeforetheirfront；VillageofWittgenauthere，andthreeroadsthroughit，ONEofthemwithwidthforwheels；"
Daunsittinginaccessible，inshort。Nextday，Winterfeld，withadetachedDivision，crossedtheNeisse，triedNadasti:
"AttackNadasti，onhiswoodyknollatHirschfeldyonder；theywillhavetoriseandsavehim！"Invain，thattoo；theyletNadastitakehisownluck:forfourdays（16th—20thAugust）everythingwastried，invain。
NoBattletobehadfromtheseAustrians。Anditwouldhavebeensoinfinitelyconvenienttous:Reich’sArmyandSoubise’sFrencharenowintheactualprecinctsofErfurt（August25th，Soubisetookquarterthere）；RoyalHighnessofCumberlandisstaggeringbackintotheSea；Richelieu’sFrench（notD’Estreesanymore，D’Estreesbeingsupersededinthisstrangeway）areaiming，itisthought，towardsMagdeburg，hadtheyoncedonewithRoyalHighness；
SwedesaregettingholdofPommern；Russians，inhugeforce，ofPreussen:howcomfortabletohavehadourAustriansfinishedbeforegoingupontheothers！Forfourdaysmore（August20th—24th），FriedricharrangeshisArmyforwatchingtheAustrians，andguardingSilesia；——BevernandWinterfeldtotakecommandinhisabsence:——and，August25th，hastomarch；withasmallDivision，which，atDresden，hewillincreasebyMoritz’s，nowneedlessinthePirnaCountry；towardsThuringen；tolookintoSoubiseandtheReich’sArmy，asathingthatabsolutelycannotwait。ArrivesinDresden，Monday，August29th；and——OrlettheoldNewspaperreportit，withthefeaturesoflife:——
"DRESDEN，29thAUGUST，1757，Thisday，aboutnoon，hisMajesty，withapartofhisArmyfromtheUpperLausitz，arrivedattheNeustadthere。ThoughthekitchenhadbeenappointedtobesetupatwhattheycallTheBarns（DIESCHEUNEN），hisMajestywaspleasedtoalightinKonigsbruckStreet，atthenewHouseofBruhl’sChamberlain，Haller；andtherepassedthenight。Tuesdayevening，30th，hisMajestytheKing，withhisLifeguardsofHorseandofFoot，alsowiththeGens—d’ArmesandotherBattalions，marchedthroughtheCity，aboutamileoutontheFreibergroad，andtookquarterinKleinHamberg。The3lst，alltheArmyfollowed，"——apoor23，000，Moritzandhe，thatwasall！["22，360"（Templehof，i。228）。]——"theKing’sfield—equipage，whichhadbeentakenfromtheBruhlPalaceandpackedintwelvewagons，wentwiththem。"
[Rodenbeck，p。316；Preuss，ii。84n；Mitchell’sInterview（MemoirsandPapers，i。270）。]
ChapterVI。
DEATHOFWINTERFELD。
BeforegoinguponthisforlornmarchofFriedrich’s，oneoftheforlornestasonofAdameverhad，wemustspeakofathingwhichbefelltorearward，whilethemarchwasonlyhalfdone，andwhichgreatlyinfluenceditandallthatfollowed。ItwastheseventhdayofFriedrich’smarch，notaboveeightymilesofityetdone，whenWinterfeldperishedinfight。NoWinterfeldnowtooccupytheAustriansinhisabsence；tostandbetweenSilesiaandthem，orassisthimfartherinhislonesomestruggleagainsttheworld。
Letusspendamomentontheexitofthatbraveman:Bernstadt，GorlitzCountry，September7th，1757。
TheBevernArmy，36，000strong，isstillthereinitsplaceintheLausitz，nearGorlitz；PrinceKarlliesquietinhisnearZittau，eversinceheburntthatTown，andstoodfourdaysinarmsunattackablebyFriedrichwithprospectofadvantage。TheCourtofViennacannotcomprehendthisstateofinactivity:"Twotoone，andamereBevernagainstyou，theKingfarawayinSaxonyuponhisdesperateAnti—Frenchmissionthere:whynotgoinuponthisBevern？TheFrench，whomwearebyeverycourierpassionatelyimportuningtosweepSaxonyclear，whatwilltheysayofthisstrangemodeofsweepingSilesiaclear？"MariaTheresaandherKriegs—Hofratharemuchexercisedwiththesethoughts，andwithFrenchandotherremonstrancesthatcome。MariaTheresaandherKriegs—HofrathatlengthdespatchtheirsupremeKaunitz，GrafKaunitzinperson，tostirupPrinceKarl，andlookintothematterwithhisownwiseeyesandgreatheart:PrinceKarl，bywayoftreattothishighgentleman，determinesondoingsomethingstrikinguponBevern。
BevernlieswithhismainbodyaboutGorlitz，inandtowestwardofGorlitz，apleasantTownontheleftbankoftheNeisse（readersknowtherearefourNeisses，andwhichofthemthisis），withfinehillycountryallround，bulkysolitaryHeightsandMountainsrisingoutoffruitfulplains，——twoHochkirchs（HIGH—KIRKS），forexample，areinthisregion，oneofwhichwillbecomeextremelynotablenextyear:——BevernhasastrongcampleaningonthedueHeightshere，withGorlitzinitslap；andbeyondGorlitz，ontherightbankoftheNeisse，unitedtohimbyaBridge，hehasplacedWinterfeldwith10，000，wholieswithhisbacktoGorlitz，properbrooksandfencibleplacesflankinghim，hasaDorf（THORP）calledMoysinHISlap；and，someshortfurlongbeyondMoys，a2，000ofhisgrenadiersplantedonthetopofaHillcalledtheMoysberg，calledalsotheHolzberg（WOODHILL）andJakelsberg，ofwhichthereaderistotakenotice。Fineoutpost，withproperbatteriesatop，withhussarsquadronsandhussarpicketssprinkledabout；
whichcommandsafaroutlooktowardsSilesia，andinmarchingthither，orincontinuinghere，isusefultohaveinhand，——wereitnotalittletoodistantfromthemainbody。ItisthisJakelsberg，capableofbeingsnatchedifoneissuddenenough，thatPrinceKarldecideson:itmaybegoodformuchorforlittletoPrinceKarl；
and，ifevenfornothing，itwillbeabrilliantaffrontuponWinterfeldandBevern，andmoreorlesscharmingtoKaunitz。
Winterfeld，theardententerprisingman，King’sotherself，isthoughttobethemainspringofaffairshere（smallthankstohimprivatelyfromBevern，addsome）:andisstationedintheextremevan，aswesee；Winterfeldisengagedinmanythingsbesidesthecareofthispost；andindeedwhereacriticalthingistobedone，wecanimagineWinterfeldgoesuponit。"WemusttrytostayheretilltheKinghasfinishedinSaxony！"saysWinterfeldalways。
TowhichBevernreplies，"Excellent，truly；buthow？"BevernhashisprovenderatDresden，sadlyfaroff；hastoholdBautzengarrisoned，andgetsmuchtroublewithhisconvoys。BetterinSilesia，withourmagazinesathand，thinksBevern，lessmindfulofotherconsiderations。
Tuesday，September6th，PrinceKarlsendsNadastitotherightbankoftheRiver，forwarduponMoys，todotheJakelsbergbeforedayto—morrow:onlysome2，000grenadiersonit；Nadastihaswithhim15，000，somecount20，000ofallarms，artilleryinplenty；
surelysufficientfortheJakelsberg；andDaunadvances，withthemainbody，ontheothersideoftheRiver，tobewithinreach，shouldMoysleadtomoreseriousconsequences。Nadastidiligentlymarchesallday；postshimselfatnightwithinfewmilesofMoys；
getshiscannontotheproperHills（GALLOWSHillandothers），hisCroatstotheproperWoods；and，beforedaylightonthemorrow，meanstobeginupontheMoysHillandits2，000grenadiers。
Wednesdaymorning，atthesethour，Nadasti，withartilleryburstingoutandquiveringbattle—lines，isatworkaccordingly；
hurlsup1，000Croatsforoneitem，andregularstotheamountof"fortycompaniesinthreelines。"Thegrenadiers，somewhatastonished，forthemorningwasmistyandtheirhussar—postshadcomehastilyin，stoodupontheirguard，likePrussianmen；
hurledbackthe1，000Croatsfastenough；stubbornlyrepulsedtheregularstoo，andtumbledthemdownhillwithbullet—stormforaccompaniment；gallantlyfoilingthisfirstattemptofNadasti’s。
OfcourseNadastiwillmakeanother，willmakeeverothers；captureoftheJakelsbergcanhardlybedoubtfultoNadasti。
WinterfeldwasnotatMoys，hewasatGorlitz，justgotinfromescortinganimportantmeal—convoyhitheroutofBautzen；andwasinconferencewithBevern，whenrumoroftheseCroatattackscameinatthegallopfromMoys。Winterfeldmadelittleoftherumors:
hehadheardofsomeattackintended，butitwastohavebeenovernight，andhasnotbeen。"MereforagingofCroatrabble，likeyesterday’s！"saidWinterfeld，andcontinuedhispresentbusiness。
Infewminutesthesoundofheavycannonadingconvincedhim。