IheartilyhopethatyourTorquayworkmaybesuccessful。GivemykindestremembrancestoFalconer，andIhopeheisprettywell。HookerandHuxley（withMrs。Huxley）wereextremelypleasant。ButpoordearHookeristiredtodeathofmybook，anditisamarvelandaprodigyifyouarenotworsetired——ifthatbepossible。Farewell，mydearLyell，Yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
　　Down，[April13th，1860]。
　　MydearHooker，Questionsofprioritysooftenleadtoodiousquarrels，thatIshouldesteemitagreatfavourifyouwouldreadtheenclosed。（（Myfatherwrote（"Gardeners’Chronicle"，1860，page362，April21st）:"IhavebeenmuchinterestedbyMr。PatrickMatthew’scommunicationinthenumberofyourpaperdatedApril7th。IfreelyacknowledgethatMr。MatthewhasanticipatedbymanyyearstheexplanationwhichIhaveofferedoftheoriginofspecies，underthenameofnaturalselection。IthinkthatnoonewillfeelsurprisedthatneitherI，norapparentlyanyothernaturalist，hadheardofMr。Matthew’sviews，consideringhowbrieflytheyaregiven，andthattheyappearedintheappendixtoaworkonNavalTimberandArboriculture。IcandonomorethanoffermyapologiestoMr。Matthewformyentireignoranceofthispublication。Ifanyothereditionofmyworkiscalledfor，Iwillinserttotheforegoingeffect。"Inspiteofmyfather’srecognitionofhisclaims，Mr。Matthewremainedunsatisfied，andcomplainedthatanarticleinthe’SaturdayAnalystandLeader’was"scarcelyfairinalludingtoMr。Darwinastheparentoftheoriginofspecies，seeingthatIpublishedthewholethatMr。Darwinattemptstoprove，morethantwenty—nineyearsago。"——"SaturdayAnalystandLeader"，November24，1860。）IfyouthinkitproperthatIshouldsendit（andofthistherecanhardlybeanyquestion），andifyouthinkitfullandampleenough，pleasealterthedatetothedayonwhichyoupostit，andletthatbesoon。Thecaseinthe"Gardeners’Chronicle"seemsaLITTLEstrongerthaninMr。Matthew’sbook，forthepassagesarethereinscatteredinthreeplaces;butitwouldbemerehair—splittingtonoticethat。Ifyouobjecttomyletter，pleasereturnit;butIdonotexpectthatyouwill，butI
　　thoughtthatyouwouldnotobjecttorunyoureyeoverit。MydearHooker，itisagreatthingformetohavesogood，true，andoldafriendasyou。
　　Iowemuchforsciencetomyfriends。
　　ManythanksforHuxley’slecture。Thelatterpartseemedtobegrandlyeloquent……Ihavegoneover[the’Edinburgh’]reviewagain，andcomparedpassages，andIamastonishedatthemisrepresentations。ButIamgladIresolvednottoanswer。Perhapsitisselfish，buttoanswerandthinkmoreonthesubjectistoounpleasant。IamsosorrythatHuxleybymymeanshasbeenthusatrociouslyattacked。Idonotsupposeyoumuchcareaboutthegratuitousattackonyou。
　　Lyellinhisletterremarkedthatyouseemedtohimasifyouwereoverworked。Do，pray，becautious，andrememberhowmanyandmanyamanhasdonethis——whothoughtitabsurdtilltoolate。Ihaveoftenthoughtthesame。YouknowthatyouwerebadenoughbeforeyourIndianjourney。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Down，April[1860]。
　　MydearLyell，IwasverygladtogetyournicelongletterfromTorquay。ApressofletterspreventedmewritingtoWells。Iwasparticularlygladtohearwhatyouthoughtaboutnotnoticing[the’Edinburgh’]review。HookerandHuxleythoughtitasortofdutytopointoutthealterationofquotedcitations，andthereistruthinthisremark;butIsohatedthethoughtthatIresolvednottodoso。IshallcomeuptoLondononSaturdaythe14th，forSirB。Brodie’sparty，asIhaveanaccumulationofthingstodoinLondon，andwill（ifIdonotheartothecontrary）callaboutaquarterbeforetenonSundaymorning，andsitwithyouatbreakfast，butwillnotsitlong，andsotakeupmuchofyourtime。Imustsayonemorewordaboutourquasi—theologicalcontroversyaboutnaturalselection，andletmehaveyouropinionwhenwemeetinLondon。DoyouconsiderthatthesuccessivevariationsinthesizeofthecropofthePouterPigeon，whichmanhasaccumulatedtopleasehiscaprice，havebeendueto"thecreativeandsustainingpowersofBrahma？"InthesensethatanomnipotentandomniscientDeitymustorderandknoweverything，thismustbeadmitted;
　　yet，inhonesttruth，Icanhardlyadmitit。Itseemspreposterousthatamakerofauniverseshouldcareaboutthecropofapigeonsolelytopleaseman’ssillyfancies。ButifyouagreewithmeinthinkingsuchaninterpositionoftheDeityuncalledfor，Icanseenoreasonwhateverforbelievinginsuchinterpositionsinthecaseofnaturalbeings，inwhichstrangeandadmirablepeculiaritieshavebeennaturallyselectedforthecreature’sownbenefit。ImagineaPouterinastateofnaturewadingintothewaterandthen，beingbuoyedupbyitsinflatedcrop，sailingaboutinsearchoffood。Whatadmirationthiswouldhaveexcited——adaptationtothelawsofhydrostaticpressure，etc。etc。ForthelifeofmeIcannotseeanydifficultyinnaturalselectionproducingthemostexquisitestructure，IFSUCHSTRUCTURECANBEARRIVEDATBYGRADATION，andIknowfromexperiencehowharditistonameanystructuretowardswhichatleastsomegradationsarenotknown。
　　Everyours，C。DARWIN。
　　P。S。——TheconclusionatwhichIhavecome，asIhavetoldAsaGray，isthatsuchaquestion，asistouchedoninthisnote，isbeyondthehumanintellect，like"predestinationandfreewill，"orthe"originofevil。"
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
　　Down，[April18th，1860]。
　　MydearHooker，Ireturn——’sletter……SomeofmyrelationssayitcannotPOSSIBLYbe——’sarticle（The’EdinburghReview。’），becausethereviewerspeakssoveryhighlyof——。Poordearsimplefolk！Mycleverneighbour，Mr。Norman，saysthearticleissobadlywritten，withnodefiniteobject，thatnoonewillreadit。AsaGrayhassentmeanarticle（’NorthAmericanReview，’
　　April，1860。"ByProfessorBowen，"iswrittenonmyfather’scopy。Thepassagereferredtooccursatpage488，wheretheauthorsaysthatweoughttofind"aninfinitenumberofothervarieties——gross，rude，andpurposeless——theunmeaningcreationsofanunconsciouscause。"）fromtheUnitedStates，clever，anddeadagainstme。Butoneargumentisfunny。
　　Thereviewersays，thatifthedoctrineweretrue，geologicalstratawouldbefullofmonsterswhichhavefailed！Averyclearviewthiswriterhadofthestruggleforexistence！……IamgladyoulikeAdamBedesomuch。Iwascharmedwithit……
　　Wethinkyoumustbymistakehavetakenwithyourownnumbersofthe’NationalReview’mypreciousnumber。（ThisnodoubtreferstotheJanuarynumber，containingDr。Carpenter’sreviewofthe’Origin。’）Iwishyouwouldlook。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOASAGRAY。
　　Down，April25th[1860]。
　　MydearGray，IhavenodoubtIhavetothankyouforthecopyofareviewonthe’Origin’inthe’NorthAmericanReview。’Itseemstomeclever，andIdonotdoubtwilldamagemybook。Ihadmeanttohavemadesomeremarksonit;butLyellwishedmuchtokeepit，andmyheadisquiteconfusedbetweenthemanyreviewswhichIhavelatelyread。Iamsuretherevieweriswrongaboutbees’cells，i。e。aboutthedistance;anylesserdistancewoulddo，orevengreaterdistance，butthensomeoftheplaceswouldlieoutsidethegenerativespheres;butthiswouldnotaddmuchdifficultytothework。
　　Thereviewertakesastrangeviewofinstinct:heseemstoregardintelligenceasadevelopedinstinct;whichIbelievetobewhollyfalse。
　　Isuspecthehasnevermuchattendedtoinstinctandthemindsofanimals，exceptperhapsbyreading。
　　Mychiefobjectistoaskyouifyoucouldprocureformeacopyofthe"NewYorkTimes"forWednesday，March28th。ItcontainsAVERYSTRIKING
　　reviewofmybook，whichIshouldmuchliketokeep。Howcuriousthatthetwomoststrikingreviews（i。e。yoursandthis）shouldhaveappearedinAmerica。Thisreviewisnotreallyuseful，butsomehowisimpressive。
　　Therewasagoodreviewinthe’RevuedesDeuxMondes，’April1st，byM。
　　Laugel，saidtobeaverycleverman。
　　Hooker，aboutafortnightago，stayedhereafewdays，andwasverypleasant;butIthinkheoverworkshimself。Whatagiganticundertaking，I
　　imagine，hisandBentham’s’GeneraPlantarum’willbe！Ihopehewillnotgettoomuchimmersedinit，soasnottosparesometimeforGeographicalDistributionandothersuchquestions。
　　Ihavebeguntoworksteadily，butveryslowlyasusual，atdetailsonvariationunderdomestication。
　　MydearGray，Yoursalwaystrulyandgratefully，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Down，[May8th，1860]……Ihavesentforthe’CanadianNaturalist。’IfIcannotprocureacopyI
　　willborrowyours。IhadaletterfromHenslowthismorning，whosaysthatSedgwickwas，onlastMondaynight，toopenabatteryonmeattheCambridgePhilosophicalSociety。Anyhow，Iammuchhonouredbybeingattackedthere，andattheRoyalSocietyofEdinburgh。
　　IdonotthinkitworthwhiletocontradictsinglecasesnorisitworthwhilearguingagainstthosewhodonotattendtowhatIstate。Amoment’sreflectionwillshowyouthattheremustbe（onourdoctrine）largegeneranotvarying（seepage56onthesubject，inthesecondeditionofthe’Origin’）。ThoughIdonottherediscussthecaseindetail。
　　Itmaybesheerbigotryformyownnotions，butIprefertotheAtlantis，mynotionofplantsandanimalshavingmigratedfromtheOldtotheNewWorld，orconversely，whentheclimatewasmuchhotter，byapproximatelythelineofBehring’sStraits。Itismostimportant，asyousay，toseelivingformsofplantsgoingbacksofarintime。Iwonderwhetherweshalleverdiscoverthefloraofthedrylandofthecoalperiod，andfinditnotsoanomalousastheswamporcoal—makingflora。IamworkingawayovertheblessedPigeonManuscript;but，fromonecauseoranother，Igetonveryslowly……
　　ThismorningIgotaletterfromtheAcademyofNaturalSciencesofPhiladelphia，announcingthatIamelectedacorrespondent……ItshowsthatsomeNaturaliststheredonotthinkmesuchascientificprofligateasmanythinkmehere。
　　MydearLyell，yoursgratefully，C。DARWIN。
　　P。S。——Whatagrandfactabouttheextinctstag’shornworkedbyman！
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
　　Down，[May13th，1860]。
　　MydearHooker，IreturnHenslow，whichIwasverygladtosee。Howgoodofhimtodefendme。（AgainstSedgwick’sattackbeforetheCambridgePhilosophicalSociety。）Iwillwriteandthankhim。
　　AsyousaidyouwerecurioustohearThomson’s（Dr。ThomasThomsontheIndianBotanist。HewasacollaborateurinHookerandThomson’sFloraIndica。1855。）opinion，Isendhiskindletter。Heisevidentlyastrongopposertous……
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
　　Down，[May15th，1860]……HowpaltryitisinsuchmenasX，YandCo。notreadingyouressay。Itisincrediblypaltry。（TheseremarksdonotapplytoDr。Harvey，whowas，however，inasomewhatsimilarposition。Seebelow。）Theymayallattackmetotheirhearts’content。Iamgotcase—hardened。AsfortheoldfogiesinCambridge，itreallysignifiesnothing。Ilookattheirattacksasaproofthatourworkisworththedoing。Itmakesmeresolvetobuckleonmyarmour。Iseeplainlythatitwillbealonguphillfight。ButthinkofLyell’sprogresswithGeology。OnethingIseemostplainly，thatwithoutLyell’s，yours，Huxley’sandCarpenter’said，mybookwouldhavebeenamereflashinthepan。Butifweallsticktoit，weshallsurelygaintheday。AndInowseethatthebattleisworthfighting。Ideeplyhopethatyouthinkso。DoesBenthamprogressatall？IdonotknowwhattosayaboutOxford。（HishealthpreventedhimfromgoingtoOxfordforthemeetingoftheBritishAssociation。）Ishouldlikeitmuchwithyou，butitmustdependonhealth……
　　Yoursmustaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Down，May18th[1860]。
　　MydearLyell，IsendaletterfromAsaGraytoshowhowhotlythebattleragesthere。
　　AlsoonefromWallace，veryjustinhisremarks，thoughtoolaudatoryandtoomodest，andhowadmirablyfreefromenvyorjealousy。Hemustbeagoodfellow。PerhapsIwillenclosealetterfromThomsonofCalcutta;notthatitismuch，butHookerthinkssohighlyofhim……
　　HenslowinformsmethatSedgwick（Sedgwick’saddressisgivensomewhatabbreviatedin"TheCambridgeChronicle"，May19th，1860。）andthenProfessorClarke[sic]（ThelateWilliamClark，ProfessorofAnatomy，myfatherseemstohavemisunderstoodhisinformant。IamassuredbyMr。J。W。
　　Clarkthathisfather（Prof。Clark）didnotsupportSedgwickintheattack。）madearegularandsavageonslaughtonmybooklatelyattheCambridgePhilosophicalSociety，butHenslowseemstohavedefendedmewell，andmaintainedthatthesubjectwasalegitimateoneforinvestigation。SincethenPhillips（JohnPhillips，M。A。，F。R。S。，born1800，died1874，fromtheeffectsofafall。ProfessorofGeologyatKing’sCollege，London，andafterwardsatOxford。Hegavethe’Rede’
　　lectureatCambridgeonMay15th，1860，on’TheSuccessionofLifeontheearth。’TheRedeLecturerisappointedannuallybytheVice—Chancellor，andispaidbyanendowmentleftin1524bySirRobertRede，LordChiefJustice，inthereignofHenryVIII。）hasgivenlecturesatCambridgeonthesamesubject，buttreateditveryfairly。HowsplendidlyAsaGrayisfightingthebattle。Theeffectonmeofthesemultipliedattacksissimplytoshowmethatthesubjectisworthfightingfor，andassuredlyI
　　willdomybest……Ihopealltheattacksmakeyoukeepupyourcourage，andcourageyouassuredlywillrequire……
　　CHARLESDARWINTOA。R。WALLACE。
　　Down，May18th，1860。
　　MydearMr。Wallace，IreceivedthismorningyourletterfromAmboyna，datedFebruary16th，containingsomeremarksandyourtoohighapprovalofmybook。Yourletterhaspleasedmeverymuch，andImostcompletelyagreewithyouonthepartswhicharestrongestandwhichareweakest。TheimperfectionoftheGeologicalRecordis，asyousay，theweakestofall;butyetIampleasedtofindthattherearealmostmoregeologicalconvertsthanofpursuersofotherbranchesofnaturalscience……Ithinkgeologistsaremoreeasilyconvertedthansimplenaturalists，becausemoreaccustomedtoreasoning。
　　Beforetellingyouabouttheprogressofopiniononthesubject，youmustletmesayhowIadmirethegenerousmannerinwhichyouspeakofmybook。
　　Mostpersonswouldinyourpositionhavefeltsomeenvyorjealousy。Hownoblyfreeyouseemtobeofthiscommonfailingofmankind。Butyouspeakfartoomodestlyofyourself。Youwould，ifyouhadmyleisure，havedonetheworkjustaswell，perhapsbetter，thanIhavedoneit……Agassizsendsmeapersonalcivilmessage，butincessantlyattacksme;
　　butAsaGrayfightslikeaheroindefence。Lyellkeepsasfirmasatower，andthisAutumnwillpublishonthe’GeologicalHistoryofMan，’andwillthendeclarehisconversion，whichnowisuniversallyknown。IhopethatyouhavereceivedHooker’ssplendidessay……YesterdayIheardfromLyellthataGerman，Dr。Schaaffhausen（HermannSchaaffhausen’UeberBestandigkeitundUmwandlungderArten。’Verhandl。d。Naturhist。Vereins，Bonn，1853。See’Origin，’HistoricalSketch。），hassenthimapamphletpublishedsomeyearsago，inwhichthesameviewisnearlyanticipated;butIhavenotyetseenthispamphlet。Mybrother，whoisaverysagaciousman，alwayssaid，"youwillfindthatsomeonewillhavebeenbeforeyou。"
　　Iamatworkatmylargerwork，whichIshallpublishinaseparatevolume。
　　Butfromill—healthandswarmsofletters，Igetonveryveryslowly。I
　　hopethatIshallnothaveweariedyouwiththesedetails。Withsincerethanksforyourletter，andwithmostdeeplyfeltwishesforyoursuccessinscience，andineveryway，believeme，Yoursincerewell—wisher，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOASAGRAY。
　　Down，May22nd1860。
　　MydearGray，AgainIhavetothankyouforoneofyourverypleasantlettersofMay7th，enclosingaverypleasantremittanceof22pounds。Iaminsimpletruthastonishedatallthekindtroubleyouhavetakenforme。IreturnAppleton’saccount。ForthechanceofyourwishingforaformalacknowledgmentIsendone。IfyouhaveanyfurthercommunicationtotheAppletons，prayexpressmyacknowledgmentfor[their]generosity;foritisgenerosityinmyopinion。Iamnotatallsurprisedatthesalediminishing;myextremesurpriseisatthegreatnessofthesale。NodoubtthepublichasbeenSHAMEFULLYimposedon！fortheyboughtthebookthinkingthatitwouldbeniceeasyreading。IexpectthesaletostopsooninEngland，yetLyellwrotetometheotherdaythatcallingatMurray’sheheardthatfiftycopieshadgoneinthepreviousforty—eighthours。Iamextremelygladthatyouwillnoticein’Silliman’theadditionsinthe’Origin。’Judgingfromletters（andIhavejustseenonefromThwaitestoHooker），andfromremarks，themostseriousomissioninmybookwasnotexplaininghowitis，asIbelieve，thatallformsdonotnecessarilyadvance，howtherecannowbeSIMPLEorganismsstillexisting……IhearthereisaVERYseverereviewonmeinthe’NorthBritish，’byaRev。Mr。Dunns（ThisstatementastoauthorshipwasmadeontheauthorityofRobertChambers。），aFreeKirkminister，anddabblerinNaturalHistory。IshouldbeverygladtoseeanygoodAmericanreviews，astheyareallmoreorlessuseful。Yousaythatyoushalltouchonotherreviews。Huxleytoldmesometimeagothatafteratimehewouldwriteareviewonallthereviews，whetherhewillIknownot。Ifyoualludetothe’Edinburgh，’praynoticeSOMEofthepointswhichIwillpointoutonaseparateslip。Inthe"SaturdayReview"（oneofourcleverestperiodicals）
　　ofMay5th，page573，thereisanicearticleon[the’Edinburgh’]review，defendingHuxley，butnotHooker;andthelatter，Ithink，[the’Edinburgh’
　　reviewer]treatsmostungenerously。（InalettertoMr。Huxleymyfatherwrote:"Haveyouseenthelast"SaturdayReview"？Iamverygladofthedefenceofyouandofmyself。IwishthereviewerhadnoticedHooker。Thereviewer，whoeverheis，isajollygoodfellow，asthisreviewandthelastonmeshowed。Hewritescapitally，andunderstandswellhissubject。
　　Iwishhehadslapped[the’Edinburgh’reviewer]alittlebitharder。"）
　　Butsurelyyouwillgetsickuntodeathofmeandmyreviewers。
　　Withrespecttothetheologicalviewofthequestion。Thisisalwayspainfultome。Iambewildered。Ihadnointentiontowriteatheistically。ButIownthatIcannotseeasplainlyasothersdo，andasIshouldwishtodo，evidenceofdesignandbeneficenceonallsidesofus。
　　Thereseemstometoomuchmiseryintheworld。IcannotpersuademyselfthatabeneficentandomnipotentGodwouldhavedesignedlycreatedtheIchneumonidaewiththeexpressintentionoftheirfeedingwithinthelivingbodiesofCaterpillars，orthatacatshouldplaywithmice。Notbelievingthis，Iseenonecessityinthebeliefthattheeyewasexpresslydesigned。
　　Ontheotherhand，Icannotanyhowbecontentedtoviewthiswonderfuluniverse，andespeciallythenatureofman，andtoconcludethateverythingistheresultofbruteforce。Iaminclinedtolookateverythingasresultingfromdesignedlaws，withthedetails，whethergoodorbad，lefttotheworkingoutofwhatwemaycallchance。NotthatthisnotionATALL
　　satisfiesme。Ifeelmostdeeplythatthewholesubjectistooprofoundforthehumanintellect。AdogmightaswellspeculateonthemindofNewton。Leteachmanhopeandbelievewhathecan。CertainlyIagreewithyouthatmyviewsarenotatallnecessarilyatheistical。Thelightningkillsaman，whetheragoodoneorbadone，owingtotheexcessivelycomplexactionofnaturallaws。Achild（whomayturnoutanidiot）isbornbytheactionofevenmorecomplexlaws，andIcanseenoreasonwhyaman，orotheranimal，maynothavebeenaboriginallyproducedbyotherlaws，andthatalltheselawsmayhavebeenexpresslydesignedbyanomniscientCreator，whoforesaweveryfutureeventandconsequence。ButthemoreIthinkthemorebewilderedIbecome;asindeedIprobablyhaveshownbythisletter。
　　MostdeeplydoIfeelyourgenerouskindnessandinterest。
　　Yourssincerelyandcordially，CHARLESDARWIN。
　　{Herefollowmyfather’scriticismsonthe’EdinburghReview’:
　　"WhataquibbletopretendhedidnotunderstandwhatImeantbyINHABITANTSofSouthAmerica;andanyonewouldsupposethatIhadnotthroughoutmyvolumetouchedonGeographicalDistribution。HeignoresalsoeverythingwhichIhavesaidonClassification，GeologicalSuccession，Homologies，Embryology，andRudimentaryOrgans——page496。
　　HefalselyapplieswhatIsaid（toorudely）about"blindnessofpreconceivedopinions"tothosewhobelieveincreation，whereasI
　　exclusivelyapplytheremarktothosewhogiveupmultitudesofspeciesastruespecies，butbelieveintheremainder——page500。
　　HeslightlyalterswhatIsay，——IASKwhethercreationistsreallybelievethatelementalatomshaveflashedintolife。HesaysthatIdescribethemassobelieving，andthis，surely，isadifference——page501。
　　Hespeaksofmy"clamouringagainst"allwhobelieveincreation，andthisseemstomeanunjustaccusation——page501。
　　Hemakesmesaythatthedorsalvertebraevary;thisissimplyfalse:I
　　nowheresayawordaboutdorsalvertebrae——page522。
　　Whatanilliberalsentencethatisaboutmypretensiontocandour，andaboutmyrushingthroughbarrierswhichstoppedCuvier:suchanargumentwouldstopanyprogressinscience——page525。
　　HowdisingenuoustoquotefrommyremarktoyouaboutmyBRIEFletter[publishedinthe’Linn。Soc。Journal’]，asifitappliedtothewholesubject——page530。
　　Howdisingenuoustosaythatwearecalledontoacceptthetheory，fromtheimperfectionofthegeologicalrecord，whenIoverandoveragain[say]
　　howgraveadifficultytheimperfectionoffers——page530。"]
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
　　Down，May30th[1860]。
　　MydearHooker，IreturnHarvey’sletter，IhavebeenverygladtoseethereasonwhyhehasnotreadyourEssay。Ifeareditwasbigotry，andIamgladtoseethathegoesalittleway（VERYMUCHfurtherthanIsupposed）withus……
　　IwasnotsorryforanaturalopportunityofwritingtoHarvey，justtoshowthatIwasnotpiquedathisturningmeandmybookintoridicule（A
　　"serio—comicsquib，"readbeforethe’DublinUniversityZoologicalandBotanicalAssociation，’February17，1860，andprivatelyprinted。Myfather’spresentationcopyisinscribed"Withthewriter’sREPENTANCE，October1860。"），notthatIthinkitwasaproceedingwhichIdeserved，orworthyofhim。ItdelightsmethatyouareinterestedinwatchingtheprogressofopiniononthechangeofSpecies;Ifearedthatyouwerewearyofthesubject;andthereforedidnotsendA。Gray’sletters。ThebattleragesfuriouslyintheUnitedStates。Graysayshewaspreparingaspeech，whichwouldtake11/2hourstodeliver，andwhichhe"fondlyhopedwouldbeastunner。"Heisfightingsplendidly，andthereseemstohavebeenmanydiscussionswithAgassizandothersatthemeetings。Agassizpitiesmemuchatbeingsodeluded。Asfortheprogressofopinion，Iclearlyseethatitwillbeexcessivelyslow，almostasslowasthechangeofspecies……Iamgettingweariedatthestormofhostilereviewsandhardlyanyuseful……
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Down，Fridaynight[June1st，1860]……HaveyouseenHopkins（WilliamHopkinsdiedin1866，"inhisseventy—
　　thirdyear。"HebeganlifewithafarminSuffolk，butultimatelyentered，comparativelylateinlife，atPeterhouse，Cambridge;hetookhisdegreein1827，andafterwardbecameanEsquireBedelloftheUniversity。Hewaschieflyknownasamathematical"coach，"andwaseminentlysuccessfulinthemanufactureofSeniorWranglers。NeverthelessMr。Stephensays（’LifeofFawcett，’page26）thathe"wasconspicuousforinculcating"a"liberalviewofthestudiesoftheplace。Heendeavouredtostimulateaphilosophicalinterestinthemathematicalsciences，insteadofsimplyrousinganardourforcompetition。"Hecontributedmanypapersongeologicalandmathematicalsubjectstothescientificjournals。Hehadastronginfluenceforgoodovertheyoungermenwithwhomhecameincontact。TheletterwhichhewrotetoHenryFawcettontheoccasionofhisblindnessillustratesthis。Mr。Stephensays（’LifeofFawcett，’page48）
　　thatby"thistimelywordofgoodcheer，"Fawcettwasrousedfrom"histemporaryprostration，"andenabledtotakea"morecheerfulandresolutetone。"）inthenew’Fraser’？thepublicwill，Ishouldthink，finditheavy。Hewillbedeadagainstme，asyouprophesied;butheisgenerallyciviltomepersonally。（’Fraser’sMagazine，’June1860。Myfather，nodoubt，referstothefollowingpassage，page752，wheretheReviewerExpresseshis"fullparticipationinthehighrespectinwhichtheauthorisuniversallyheld，bothasamanandanaturalist;andthemoreso，becauseintheremarkswhichwillfollowinthesecondpartofthisEssayweshallbefoundtodifferwidelyfromhimasregardsmanyofhisconclusionsandthereasoningsonwhichhehasfoundedthem，andshallclaimthefullrighttoexpresssuchdifferencesofopinionwithallthatfreedomwhichtheinterestsofscientifictruthdemands，andwhichwearesureMr。Darwinwouldbeoneofthelasttorefusetoanyonepreparedtoexerciseitwithcandourandcourtesy。"Speakingofthisreview，myfatherwrotetoDr。AsaGray:"Ihaveremonstratedwithhim[Hopkins]forsocoollysayingthatIbasemyviewsonwhatIreckonasgreatdifficulties。
　　Anyone，bytakingthesedifficultiesalone，canmakeamoststrongcaseagainstme。Icouldmyselfwriteamoredamningreviewthanhasasyetappeared！"AsecondnoticebyHopkinsappearedintheJulynumberof’Fraser’sMagazine。’）Onhisstandardofproof，NATURALsciencewouldneverprogress，forwithoutthemakingoftheoriesIamconvincedtherewouldbenoobservation……Ihavebegunreadingthe’NorthBritish’（May1860。），whichsofarstrikesmeasclever。
　　Phillips’sLectureatCambridgeistobepublished。
　　Allthesereiteratedattackswilltellheavily;therewillbenomoreconverts，andprobablysomewillgoback。Ihopeyoudonotgrowdisheartened，Iamdeterminedtofighttothelast。Ihear，however，thatthegreatBucklehighlyapprovesofmybook。
　　IhavehadanotefrompoorBlyth（EdwardBlyth，1810—1873。Hisindomitableloveofnaturalhistorymadehimneglectthedruggist’sbusinesswithwhichhestartedinlife，andhesoongotintoseriousdifficulties。AftersupportinghimselfforafewyearsasawriteronFieldNaturalHistory，heultimatelywentouttoIndiaasCuratoroftheMuseumoftheR。AsiaticSoc。ofBengal，wherethegreaterpartofhisworkinglifewasspent。HischiefpublicationswerethemonthlyreportsmadeaspartofhisdutytotheSociety。Hehadstoredinhisremarkablememoryawonderfulwealthofknowledge，especiallywithregardtothemammaliaandbirdsofIndia——knowledgeofwhichhefreelygavetothosewhoasked。Hisletterstomyfathergiveevidenceofhavingbeencarefullystudied，andthelonglistofentriesafterhisnameintheindexto’AnimalsandPlants，’showhowmuchhelpwasreceivedfromhim。Hislifewasanunprosperousandunhappyone，fullofmoneydifficultiesanddarkenedbythedeathofhiswifeafterafewyearsofmarriage。），ofCalcutta，whoismuchdisappointedathearingthatLordCanningwillnotgrantanymoney;soImuchfearthatallyourgreatpainswillbethrownaway。Blythsays（andheisinmanyrespectsaverygoodjudge）thathisideasonspeciesarequiterevolutionised……
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
　　Down，June5th[1860]。
　　MydearHooker，Itisapleasuretometowritetoyou，asIhavenoonetotalkaboutsuchmattersaswewriteon。ButIseriouslybegyounottowritetomeunlesssoinclined;forbusyasyouare，andseeingmanypeople，thecaseisverydifferentbetweenus……
　　Haveyouseen——’sabusivearticleonme？……Itoutdoeseventhe’NorthBritish’and’Edinburgh’inmisapprehensionandmisrepresentation。Ineverknewanythingsounfairasindiscussingcellsofbees，hisignoringthecaseofMelipona，whichbuildscombsalmostexactlyintermediatebetweenhiveandhumblebees。Whathas——donethathefeelssoimmeasurablysuperiortoalluswretchednaturalists，andtoallpoliticaleconomists，includingthatgreatphilosopherMalthus？Thisreview，however，andHarvey’sletterhaveconvincedmethatImustbeaverybadexplainer。
　　NeitherreallyunderstandwhatImeanbyNaturalSelection。Iaminclinedtogiveuptheattemptashopeless。Thosewhodonotunderstand，itseems，cannotbemadetounderstand。
　　Bytheway，Ithink，weentirelyagree，exceptperhapsthatIusetooforciblelanguageaboutselection。Ientirelyagree，indeedwouldalmostgofurtherthanyouwhenyousaythatclimate（i。e。variabilityfromallunknowncauses）is"anactivehandmaid，influencingitsmistressmostmaterially。"Indeed，IhaveneverhintedthatNaturalSelectionis"theefficientcausetotheexclusionoftheother，"i。e。variabilityfromClimate，etc。TheverytermSELECTIONimpliessomething，i。e。variationordifference，tobeselected……
　　Howdoesyourbookprogress（Imeanyourgeneralsortofbookonplants），I
　　hopetoGodyouwillbemoresuccessfulthanIhavebeeninmakingpeopleunderstandyourmeaning。Ishouldbegintothinkmyselfwhollyinthewrong，andthatIwasanutterfool，butthenIcannotyetpersuademyself，thatLyell，andyouandHuxley，Carpenter，AsaGray，andWatson，etc。，areallfoolstogether。Well，timewillshow，andnothingbuttime。
　　Farewell……
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Down，June6th[1860]……Itconsolesmethat——sneersatMalthus，forthatclearlyshows，mathematicianthoughhemaybe，hecannotunderstandcommonreasoning。BythewaywhatadiscouragingexampleMalthusis，toshowduringwhatlongyearstheplainestcasemaybemisrepresentedandmisunderstood。Ihavereadthe’Future’;howcuriousitisthatseveralofmyreviewersshouldadvancesuchwildarguments，asthatvarietiesofdogsandcatsdonotmingle;andshouldbringuptheoldexplodeddoctrineofdefiniteanalogies……Iambeginningtodespairofevermakingthemajorityunderstandmynotions。EvenHopkinsdoesnotthoroughly。Bytheway，I
　　havebeensomuchpleasedbythewayhepersonallyalludestome。Imustbeaverybadexplainer。IhopetoHeaventhatyouwillsucceedbetter。