StayinginLondonafterthecloseofmyuniversitypresidency,I
wassubjecttoanotherinfluencewhichhaswroughtwithpoweruponsomestrongmen。Itwasmywonttoattendserviceinsomeoneofthechurchesinterestingfromahistoricalpointofvieworholdingouttheprospectofagoodsermon;but,probably,acombinationwhichIoccasionallymadewouldnotbeapprovedbymymoreorthodoxfellow—churchmen。ForattimesIfoundpleasureandprofitinattendingtheservicebeforesermononSundayafternoonatSt。Paul’s,andthengoingtotheneighboringPositivistConventicleinFetterLanetohearFredericHarrisonandothers。
Harrison’sdiscourseswereadmirable,andoneuponRomancivilizationwasmostsuggestiveoffruitfulthought。Mytendencyhasalwaysbeenstronglytowardhero—worship,andthisfeatureofthePositivistcreedandpracticeespeciallyattractedme;whilethesuperbandennoblingmusicofSt。Paul’skeptmeinareligiousatmosphereduringanydiscoursewhichsucceededit。
Myfavoritereadingatthisperiodwasthe"BibleforLearners,"
abookmostthoughtfullyeditedbythreeoftheforemostscholarsofmodernEurope——Hooykaas,Oort,andKuenen。Simpleasthebookis,itmadeadeepimpressionuponme,rehabilitatingtheBibleinmymind,showingittobeacollectionofliteratureandmoraltruthsunspeakablyprecioustoallChristiannationsandtoeveryChristianman。Atalaterperiod,readingsintheworksofRenan,Pfleiderer,Cheyne,Harnack,Sayce,andothersstrengthenedmeinmyliberaltendencies,withoutdiminishingintheslightestmyreverenceforallthatisnobleinChristianity,pastorpresent。
Anotherexperience,whileitdidnotperhapssetmeinanynewtrainsofthought,strengthenedmeinsomeofmyearlierviews。
ThiswastherevelationtomeofMohammedanismduringmyjourneyintheEast。WhileMohammedanfanaticismseemstomeoneofthegreatmisfortunesoftheworld,Mohammedanworship,asIfirstsawit,madeadeepimpressiononme。OurtrainwasslowlymovingintoCairo,andstoppedforatimejustoutsidethecity;thePyramidswerevisibleinthedistance,butmythoughtswereturnedfromthembyapictureintheforeground。Underaspreadingpalm—tree,atallEgyptiansuddenlyarosetohisfullheight,tookoffanoutercoveringfromhisshoulders,laiditupontheground,andthensolemnlyprostratedhimselfandwentthroughhisprayers,addressingtheminthedirectionofMecca。
Hewasutterlyobliviousofthecrowdabouthim,andthesimplicity,directness,andreverenceinhiswholemovementappealedtomestrongly。Atvariousothertimes,onthedesert,inthebazaars,inthemosques,andontheNileboats,I
witnessedsimilarscenes,andmybroad—churchmanshipwastherebymadebroader。Norwasthisgeneraleffectdiminishedbymyvisittothehowlingandwhirlingdervishes。ThemanifestationsoftheirzealrangedthemselvesclearlyinthesamecategorywiththoseevidentinAmericancampmeetings,andInowunderstoodbetterthaneverwhattheRev。Dr。BaconofNewHavenmeantwhen,afterreturningfromtheEast,healludedtocertainChristian"revivalists"as"howlingdervishes。"
Imustsay,too,thatwhileIlovedandadmiredmanyChristianmissionarieswhomIsawintheEast,andrejoicedintheworkoftheirschools,theutternarrownessofsomeofthemwasdiscouraging。Anythingmorecold,forbidding,andcertainofextinctionthantheworshipofthe"UnitedPresbyterians"atthemissionchurchatCairoIhaveneverseen,savepossiblythatofsundryCalvinistsatParis。NorhaveIeverheardanythingmoredefiantofsanethoughtandrightreasonthantheutterancesofsomeoftheseexcellentmen。
Butthegeneraleffectofalltheseexperiences,asInowthink,wastoaidinahealthfulevolutionofmyreligiousideas。
Itmaynowbeaskedwhatisthesummingupofmyrelationtoreligion,aslookeduponinthelastyearsofalonglife,duringwhichIhavehadmanysuggestionstothoughtuponit,manyopportunitiestoheareminentreligionistsofalmosteverycreeddiscussit,andmanychancestoobserveitsworkingsinthemultitudeofsystemsprevalentinvariouscountries。
Asabeginning,Iwouldanswerthat,havingformanyyearssupplementedmyearlierobservationsandstudiesbyspecialresearchesintotherelationsbetweenscienceandreligion,myconvictionhasbeenstrengthenedthatreligioninitstruesense——namely,thebringingofhumanityintonormalrelationswiththatPower,notourselves,intheuniverse,whichmakesforrighteousness——isnow,asitalwayshasbeen,aneedabsolute,pressing,andincreasing。
Astothecharacterofsuchnormalrelations,Ifeelthattheyinvolveasenseofneedforworship:forpraiseandprayer,publicandprivate。Iffine—spuntheoriesarepresentedastothenecessarysuperfluityofpraisetoaperfectBeing,andthenecessaryinutilityofprayerinaworldgovernedbylaws,myansweristhatlawisaslikelytoobtaininthespiritualasinthenaturalworld:thatwhileitmaynotbeinaccordancewithphysicallawstoprayfortheannihilationofacloudandthecessationofarain—storm,itmaywellbeinaccordancewithspirituallawsthatcommunicationtakeplacebetweentheInfiniteandfiniteminds;thathelpfulinspirationmaybethusobtained,——greaterpower,clearervision,higheraims。
Astothequestionbetweenworshipbymanasanindividualbeing,facetofacewiththeDivinePower,andworshipbyhumanbeingsincommon,asbrethrenmovedtoexpresscommonideas,needs,hopes,efforts,aspirations,Iattributevastvaluetoboth。
Astothefirst。Eachindividualofushasperhapsanevenmoreinadequateconceptionof"theGodandfatherofusall"thanaplanthasofaman;andyettheuniversalconsciousnessofourraceobligesahumanbeingundernormalconditionstofeeltheneedofbetterment,ofhelp,ofthankfulness。Itwouldseembestforeverymantocultivatethethoughts,relations,andpracticeswhichhefindsmostaccordantwithsuchfeelingsandmostsatisfyingtosuchneeds。
Astothesecond。Theuniversalnormalconsciousnessofhumanityseemstodemandsomeformofworshipincommonwithone’sfellow—men。Allformsadoptedbymenundernormalconditions,whetherincathedrals,temples,mosques,orconventicles,clearlyhaveusesandbeautiesoftheirown。
Ifitbesaidthatallformsofbelieforceremonialobscurethatworship,"inspiritandintruth,"whichaidshighaspiration,myansweristhattheincorporation,inbeliefsandformsofworship,ofwhatmanneedsforhisspiritualsustenanceseemstomeanalogoustotheincorporationinhisdailymaterialfoodofwhatheneedsforhisphysicalsustenance。Asarule,thetruthsnecessaryforthesustenanceanddevelopmentofhishighernaturewouldseembetterassimilatedwhenincorporatedinformsofbeliefandworship,publicorprivate,eventhoughthesebeliefsandformshaveimperfectionsorinadequacies。Wedonotsupportmateriallifebyconsumingpurecarbon,ornitrogen,orhydrogen:
wetaketheseinsuchadmixturesasourexperienceshowstobebestforus。Wedonotlivebybreathingpureoxygen:wetakeitdilutedwithothergases,andmainlywithonewhich,iftakenbyitself,isdeadly。
Thisisbutapoorandroughanalogy,butitseemsalegitimateillustrationofafactwhichwemusttakeaccountofinthewholehistoryofthehumanrace,past,present,andfuture。
Itwill,inmyopinion,beasaddayforthisorforanypeoplewhenthereshallhavecomeinthemanatrophyofthereligiousnature;whentheyshallhavesuppressedtheneedofcommunication,nomatterhowvague,withasupremepowerintheuniverse;whenthetieswhichbindmenofsimilarmodesofthoughtinthevariousreligiousorganizationsshallbedissolved;whenmen,insteadofmeetingtheirfellow—meninassemblagesforpublicworshipwhichgivethemasenseofbrotherhood,shallloungeathomeorinclubs;whenmenandwomen,insteadofbringingthemselvesatstatedperiodsintoanatmosphereofprayer,praise,andaspiration,tohearthediscussionofhigherspiritualthemes,tobestirredbyappealstotheirnoblernatureinbehalfoffaith,hope,andcharity,andtobemovedbyacloserrealizationofthefatherhoodofGodandthebrotherhoodofman,shallstayathomeandgivetheirthoughtstotheSundaypapersortotheconductoftheirbusinessortothelanguidsearchforsomerefugefromboredom。
Butthusrecognizingthenormalneedofreligiousideas,feelings,andobservances,Iseeinthehistoryoftheseanevolutionwhichhasslowlybroughtourraceoutoflowerformsofreligionintohigher,andwhichstillcontinues。Nowhereisthismoreclearlymirroredthaninourownsacredbooks;nowheremoredistinctlyseenthaninwhatisgoingonaboutus;andonefindsinthisevolution,justasinthedevelopmentofourraceinotherfields,survivalsofoutwornbeliefsandobservanceswhichremainasmile—stonestomarkhumanprogress。
BeliefinaGodwhoisphysically,intellectually,andmorallybutanenlarged"averageman"——unjust,whimsical,revengeful,cruel,andsofarfromomnipotentthathehastomakeallsortsofinterferencestorectifyfaultsinhisoriginalscheme——ismoreandmorefadingawayamongtheracescontrollingtheworld。
Moreandmorethethinkingandcontrollingracesaredevelopingthepowerofrightreason;andmoreandmoretheyareleavingtoinferioranddisappearingracesthemethodsoftheologicaldogmatism。
Moreandmore,inallpartsofthecivilizedworld,isdevelopinglibertyofthought;andmoreandmoreisleftbehindthetyrannyofformulas。
Moreandmoreisdeveloping,intheleadingnations,theconceptionoftheworld’ssacredbooksasaliteratureinwhich,asinamassofearthymaterial,thegemsandgoldofitsreligiousthoughtareembedded;andmoreandmoreisleftbehindthebeliefintheliteral,prosaicconformitytofactofallutterancesinthisliterature。
Toonewhocloselystudiesthehistoryofhumanity,evolutioninreligionisacertainty。Eddiesthereare,——counter—currentsofpassion,fanaticism,greed,hate,pride,folly,theunreasonofmobs,thestrifeofparties,thedreamsofmystics,thelogicofdogmatists,andthelustforpowerofecclesiastics,——butthegreatmaintideisunmistakable。
Whatshouldbetheattitudeofthinkingmen,inviewofallthis?
History,Ithink,teachesusthat,justsofarasispossible,theruleofourconductshouldbetoassistEvolutionratherthanRevolution。Religiousrevolutionisattimesinevitable,andatsuchtimestheruleofconductshouldbetouniteoureffortstotheforcesworkingforanewandbetterera;butreligiousrevolutionsaregenerallyfutileandalwaysdangerous。Asarule,theyhavefailed。Evenwhensuccessfulandbeneficial,theyhavebroughtnewevils。TheLutheranChurch,resultingfromthegreatreligiousrevolutionofthesixteenthcentury,becameimmediatelyafterthedeathofLuther,andremainedduringgenerations,moreinexcusablycruelandintolerantthanCatholicismhadeverbeen;
therevolutionwhichenthronedCalvinisminlargepartsoftheBritishEmpireandelsewherebroughtnewformsofunreason,oppression,andunhappiness;therevolutioninFrancesubstitutedforthecruditiesandabsurditiesoftheoldreligiona"purifiedworshipoftheSupremeBeing"underwhichcamehumansacrificesbythousands,followedbyareactiontoanunreasonmoreextremethananythingpreviouslyknown。GoldwinSmithwasrightwhenhesaid,"Letusneverglorifyrevolution。"
Christianity,thoughfarshortofwhatitoughttobeandwillbe,isto—daypurerandbetter,inallitsbranches,thanithaseverbeforebeen;andthesamemaybesaidofJudaism。Anymanbornintoeitheroftheseformsofreligionshould,itseemstome,beforebreakingawayfromit,tryaslongaspossibletopromoteitsbetterevolution;aidingtoincreasebreadthofview,toleration,indifferencetounessentials,cooperationwithgoodmenandtrueofeveryfaith。Melanchthon,St。FrancisXavier,Grotius,Thomasius,GeorgeFox,Fenelon,theWesleys,MosesMendelssohn,Schleiermacher,Dr。Arnold,Channing,PhillipsBrooks,andtheirlikemaywellbeourexemplars,despitealltheirlimitationsandimperfections。
Igrantthattherearecircumstanceswhichmayobligeaself—respectingmantowithdrawfromreligiousorganizationsandassemblages。Theremaybereactionaryzealofrabbis,priests,deacons,destructivetoallhealthfuladvanceofthought;theremaybeadegenerationofworshipintofetishism;theremaybecontrolbyyoungLeviteswhosemindsareonlyadequatetodecidethecolorsofaltar—clothsandthecutofman—millinery;theremaybecontrolbymenofmiddleagewhopreachagospelof"hatred,malice,andalluncharitableness";theremaybetyrannybyoldmenwhowillallownostatementsofbeliefsavethosewhichtheylearnedaschildren。
Fromsuchevils,thereare,inAmericaatleast,manyplacesofrefuge;and,incasethesefail,therearethetreasuresofreligiousthoughtaccumulatedfromthedaysofMarcusAurelius,St。Augustine,andThomasaKempistosuchamongusasBrooks,Gibbons,Munger,HenrySimmons,RabbisWeinstockandJacobs,andverymanyothers。Itmaybeallowedtoahard—workedmanwhohaspassedbeyondtheallottedthreescoreyearsandtentosaythathehasfoundingeneralreligiousbiography,Jewish,Catholic,andProtestant,andinthewritingsofmennoblyinspiredinallthesefields,ahelpwithoutwhichhislifewouldhavebeenpoorindeed。
True,therewillbeattimesneedofstrongresistance,andespeciallyofresistancetoalleffortsbyanyclericalcombination,whetherofrabbis,priests,orministers,nomatterhowexcellent,tohamperscientificthought,tocontrolpubliceducation,ortoerectbarriersandarousehatesbetweenmen。
BothReligionandSciencehavesufferedfearfullyfromunlimitedclericalsway;butofthetwo,Religionhassufferedmost。
Whenoneconsiderstheoutcomeofnationaleducationentirelyunderthecontrolofthechurchduringoverfifteenhundredyears,——inFranceattheoutbreakoftherevolutionof1789,inItalyattheoutbreakoftherevolutionof1848,intheSpanish—Americanrepublicsdowntoaveryrecentperiod,andinSpain,Poland,andelsewhereatthisveryhour,——oneseeshowdelusiveisthehopethatareturntotheideasandmethodsofthe"agesoffaith"islikelytocuretheevilsthatstilllingeramongus。
Thebestwayofaidinginahealthfulevolutionwouldseemtoconsistinfirmlybutdecisivelyresistingallecclesiasticaleffortstocontrolorthwartthelegitimateworkofscienceandeducation;inlettingthelightofmodernresearchandthoughtintothereligiousatmosphere;andincultivating,eachforhimself,obedienceto"thefirstandgreatcommandment,andthesecondwhichislikeuntoit,"asgivenbytheBlessedFounderofChristianity。
LISTOFPUBLICATIONSONVARIOUSSUBJECTSESPECIALLYHISTORICAL
BYANDREWD。WHITE
TheGreaterDistinctionsinStatesmanship。YaleLiteraryPrizeEssay,inthe"YaleLiteraryMagazine,"1852。
TheDiplomaticHistoryofModernTimes。DeForestPrizeOration,inthe"YaleLiteraryMagazine,"1853。
QualificationsforAmericanCitizenship。ClarkeSeniorPrizeEssay,inthe"YaleLiteraryMagazine,"1853。
Editorialandotherarticlesinthe"YaleLiteraryMagazine,"
1852—1853。
GlimpsesofUniversalHistory。The"NewEnglander,"Vol。XV,p。
398。
CareofthePoorinNewHaven。AReporttotheAuthoritiesofSyracuse,NewYork。The"Tribune,"NewYork,1857。
CathedralBuildersandMediaevalSculptors。AnaddressbeforethefacultyandstudentsofYaleCollege,1857。Withvariousadditionsandrevisionsbetweenthatperiodand1885。(Publishedonlybydeliverybeforevariousuniversityandgeneralaudiences。)
JeffersonandSlavery。The"AtlanticMonthly,"Vol。IX,p。29。
TheStatesmanshipofRichelieu。The"AtlanticMonthly,"Vol。IX,p。611。
TheDevelopmentandOverthrowofSerfdominRussia。The"AtlanticMonthly,"Vol。X,p。538。
OutlinesofCoursesofLecturesonHistory,MediaevalandModern,givenattheUniversityofMichigan。Variouseditions,AnnArborandDetroit,1858—1863;anotheredition,Ithaca,1872。
AWordfromtheNorthWest;beinghistoricalandpoliticalstatementsinresponsetostricturesinthe"AmericanDiary"ofDr。W。H。Russell。London,1862。Thesame,Syracuse,NewYork,1863。
AReviewoftheGovernor’sMessage。SpeechintheStateSenate,1864,embracingsundryhistoricaldetails。Albany,1864。
TheCornellUniversity。SpeechintheStateSenate。Albany,1865。
PleaforaHealthDepartmentintheCityofNewYork。AspeechintheNewYorkStateSenate。Albany,1866。
TheMostBitterFoeofNations,andtheWaytoItsPermanentOverthrow。AnaddressbeforethePhiBetaKappaSocietyatYaleCollege,1866。NewHaven,1866。
ReportontheOrganizationofaUniversity,withhistoricaldetailsbaseduponthehistoryofadvancededucation,presentedtothetrusteesofCornellUniversity,October,1866。Albany,1867。
AddressattheInaugurationofthefirstPresidentofCornellUniversity,withhistoricaldetailsregardinguniversityeducation。Ithaca,1869。
TheHistoricalandpartofthePoliticalDetailsintheReportoftheCommissiontoSantoDomingoin1871。Washington,1871。
ReporttotheTrusteesofCornellUniversityontheEstablishmentoftheSageCollegeforWomen,withhistoricaldetailsregardingtheeducationofwomenintheUnitedStatesandelsewhere。Firstedition,Ithaca,1872。
AddresstotheStudentsofCornellUniversityandtotheCitizensofIthacaOiltheRecentAttackuponMr。Cornellinthelegislature。AlbanyandNewYork,1873。
TheGreaterStatesofContinentalEurope(includingItaly,sixlectures;Spain,threelectures;Austria,fourlectures;TheNetherlands,sislectures;Prussia,fivelectures;Russia,fivelectures;Poland,twolectures;TheTurkishPower,threelectures;France,fromtheEstablishmentofFrenchUnityintheFifteenthCenturytoRichelieu,fourlectures)。SyllabuspreparedforthegraduatingclassesofCornellUniversity。Ithaca,theUniversityPress,1874。
AnAddressbeforetheStateAgriculturalSociety,attheCapitolinAlbany,on"ScientificandIndustrialEducationintheUnitedStates,"givinghistoricaldetailsregardingthedevelopmentofeducationinpureandappliedscience。NewYork,1874。Reprintofthesameinthe"PopularScienceMonthly,"June,1874。
TheRelationsoftheNationalandStateGovernmentstoAdvancedEducation。PaperreadbeforetheNationalEducationalAssociationatDetroit,August5,1874。Publishedin"OldandNew,"Boston,1874。
AnAbridgedBibliographyoftheFrenchRevolution,publishedasanappendixtoO’ConnorMorris’s"HistoryoftheFrenchRevolution。"NewYork,1875。
TheBattle—fieldsofScience。AnaddressdeliveredattheCooperInstitute,NewYork,andpublishedinthe"NewYorkTribune,"
1875。
PaperMoneyInflationinFrance:HowitCame;WhatitBrought;
andHowitEnded。Firstedition,NewYork,1876;abridgededitionpublishedbytheNewYorkSocietyforPoliticalEducation,1882;
revisededitionwithadditions,NewYork,1896。
TheWarfareofScience。FirstAmericanedition,NewYork,1876;
firstEnglishedition,withPrefatoryNotebyProfessorJohnTyndall,London,1876;Swedishtranslation,withPrefacebyH。M。
Melin,Lund,1877。
SyllabusofLecturesontheGeneralDevelopmentofPenalLaw;
DevelopmentandDisuseofTortureinProcedureandinPenalty;
ProgressofInternationalLaw;OriginandDeclineofSlavery;
etc。GivenbeforetheseniorclassofCornellUniversity,1878。
(Publishedonlybydelivery。)
TheProvisionforHigherInstructioninSubjectsbearingdirectlyuponPublicAffairs,beingoneoftheReportsoftheUnitedStatesCommissionerstotheParisUniversalExpositionof1878。
Washington,1878。Neweditionofthesamework,withadditionsandextensionsbyProfessorHerbertB。Adams,Baltimore,1887。
JamesA。Garfield。MemorialAddress。Ithaca,1881。
DotheSpoilsbelongtotheVictor?——embracinghistoricalfactsregardingtheoriginandprogressofthe"SpoilsSystem。"The"NorthAmericanReview,"February,1882。
PrefatoryNotetotheAmericantranslationofMuller,"PoliticalHistoryofRecentTimes。"NewYork,1882。
TheNewGermany,beingapaperreadbeforetheAmericanGeographicalSocietyatNewYork。NewYork,1882。Germantranslation,Frankfort—on—the—Main,1882。
TwoaddressesatCleveland,Ohio,October,1882。First,OnaPlanfortheWesternReserveUniversity。Second,OntheEducationoftheFreedmen。Ithaca,1882。
OutlinesofLecturesonHistory。AddressedtothestudentsofCornellUniversity。PartI,"ThefirstCenturyofModernHistory,"Ithaca,theUniversityPress,1883。PartII,"Germany(fromtheReformationtothenewGermanEmpire),"sameplaceanddate。PartIII,"France"(including:1。"FrancebeforetheRevolution";2。"TheFrenchRevolution";3。"ModernFrance,includingtheThirdRepublic"),sameplaceanddate。
SpeechattheUnveilingofthePortraitoftheHonorableJustinS。Morrill。Ithaca,June,1883。
TheMessageoftheNineteenthCenturytotheTwentieth。Anaddressdeliveredbeforetheclassof1853,inthechapelofYaleCollege,June26,1883。NewHaven,1883;secondandthirdeditions,NewYork,1884。
AddressattheFirstAnnualBanquetoftheCornellAlumniofWesternNewYork,atBuffalo,April,1884。
WhatProfessionshallIChoose,andhowshallIFitMyselfforIt?Ithaca,1884。
AddressattheFuneralofEdwardLasker。NewYork,1884。
AddressdeliveredattheUnveilingoftheStatueofBenjaminSillimanatYaleCollege,June24,1884。NewHaven,1884;secondedition,Ithaca,1884。
SomePracticalInfluencesofGermanThoughtupontheUnitedStates。AnaddressdeliveredattheCentennialCelebrationoftheGermanSocietyofNewYork,October4,1884。Ithaca,1884。
LetterdefendingtheCornellUniversityfromSundrySectarianAttacks。Elmira,December17,1884。
SundryImportantQuestionsinHigherEducation:ElectiveStudies,UniversityDegrees,UniversityFellowshipsandScholarships;withhistoricaldetailsandillustrations。ApaperreadattheConferenceofthePresidentsoftheCollegesoftheStateofNewYork,attheTwenty—secondUniversityConvocation,Albany,1884。
Ithaca,1885。
StudiesinGeneralHistoryandtheHistoryofCivilization,beingapaperreadbeforetheAmericanHistoricalAssociationatitsfirstpublicmeeting,Saratoga,September9,1884。NewYorkandLondon,1885。
InstructionintheCourseofHistoryandPoliticalScienceatCornellUniversity。NewYork,1885。
YaleCollegein1853。"YaleLiteraryMagazine,"February,1886。
TheConstitutionandAmericanEducation,beingaspeechdeliveredattheCentennialBanquet,intheAcademyofMusic,Philadelphia,September17,1887。Ithaca,1887。
AHistoryoftheDoctrineofComets。ApaperreadbeforetheAmericanHistoricalAssociationatitssecondannualmeeting,Saratoga,October,1885。PublishedbytheAmericanHistoricalAssociation。NewYorkandLondon,1887。(Thisformsoneofthe"NewChaptersintheWarfareofScience。")
NewChaptersintheWarfareofScience:Meteorology。Reprintedfromthe"PopularScienceMonthly,"JulyandAugust,1887。NewYork,1887。
CollegeFraternities。AnaddressgivenattheMetropolitanOperaHouse,NewYork,withsomehistoricaldetails。The"Forum,"May,1887。
NewChaptersintheWarfareofScience:Geology。Reprintedfromthe"PopularScienceMonthly,"FebruaryandMarch,1888。NewYork,1888。
TheNextAmericanUniversity。The"Forum,"June,1888。
TheFrenchRevolution。Syllabusoflectures,variouseditions,moreorlessextendedandrevised,forstudentsattheUniversityofMichigan;CornellUniversity;UniversityofPennsylvania;
JohnsHopkinsUniversity;ColumbianUniversity;TulaneUniversity;andStanfordUniversity。Variousplaces,anddatesfrom1859to1889。
TheNeedofAnotherUniversity。The"Forum,"January,1889。
AUniversityatWashington。The"Forum,"February,1889。
NewChaptersintheWarfareofScience:DemoniacalPossessionandInsanity。Reprintedfromthe"PopularScienceMonthly,"FebruaryandMarch,1889。
NewChaptersintheWarfareofScience:DiabolismandHysteria。
"PopularScienceMonthly,"MayandJune,1889。
ThePoliticalCatechismofArchbishopApuzzo。Apaperreadbefore,andpublishedby,theAmericanHistoricalAssociation,Washington。December,1889。
MyReminiscencesofEzraCornell。AnaddressdeliveredbeforetheCornellUniversityonFounder’sDay,January11,1890。Ithaca,1890。
RemarksonIndianEducation。ProceedingsoftheLakeMohonkConference,1890。
EvolutionandRevolution。AcommencementaddressbeforetheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,1890。
TheTeachingofHistoryinourPublicSchools。RemarksbeforetheFortnightlyClub,Buffalo,1890。
DemocracyandEducation。AnaddressgivenbeforetheStateTeachers’AssociationatSaratoga,1891。PublishedbytheDepartmentofPublicInstruction,Albany,1891。
TheProblemofHighCrimeintheUnitedStates。Publishedonlybydelivery——beforeStanfordUniversityin1892,and,withvariousadditionsandrevisions,beforevariousotheruniversityandgeneralaudiencesdownto1897。
TheFutureoftheAmericanCollegesandUniversities。Publishedin"SchoolandCollegeMagazine,"February,1892。
AHistoryoftheWarfareofSciencewithTheologyinChristendom。
NewYork,1896。Frenchtranslation,Paris,1899。Italiantranslation,Turin,1902。
AnAddressattheCelebrationoftheFiftiethAnniversaryoftheOnondagaOrphanAsylum。Syracuse,1896。
Erasmus,in"TheLibraryoftheWorld’sBestLiterature。"NewYork,1896。
AnOpenlettertoSundryDemocrats(BryanCandidacy)。NewYork,1896。
Evolutionvs。Revolution,inPolitics。BiennialaddressbeforetheStateHistoricalSocietyandtheStateUniversityofWisconsin,February9,1897。Madison,Wisconsin,1897。
SpeechataFarewellBanquetgivenbytheGerman—AmericansofNewYork。NewYork,1897。
SundryaddressesatBerlinandLeipsic。Berlin,1897—1902。
AStatesmanofRussia—Pobedonostzeff。The"CenturyMagazine,"
1898。
ThePresidentoftheUnitedStates。SpeechatLeipsic,Germany,July4,1898。Berlin,1898。
AddressbeforethePeaceConferenceofTheHagueattheLayingofaSilverandGoldWreathontheTombofGrotiusatDelft,inBehalfoftheGovernmentoftheUnitedStates,July4,1899。TheHague,1899。
WalksandTalkswithTolstoy。"McClure’sMagazine,"April,1901。
TheCardiffGiant。The"CenturyMagazine"forOctober,1902。
FarewellAddressatBerlin,November11,1902。The"Columbia"
magazine,Berlin,December,1902;reprinted"YaleAlumniWeekly,"
January14,1903。
SpeechattheBodleianTercentenary,Oxford。"YaleAlumniWeekly,"March11,1903。
APatrioticInvestment。AnaddressatthefiftiethanniversaryoftheYaleclassof1853,NewHaven,1903。
ReminiscencesofMyDiplomaticLife。Variousarticlesinthe"CenturyMagazine,"1903—5。
TheWarfareofHumanitywithUnreason,includingbiographicalessaysonFraPaoloSarpi,HugoGrotius,ChristianThomasius,andothers。"AtlanticMonthly,"1903—5。
SpeechattheLayingoftheCorner—stoneofGoldwinSmithHall。
Ithaca,N。Y。,October13,1904。PublishedbytheCornellUniversity,1905。
TheSituationandProspectinRussia。"Collier’sWeekly,"
February11,1905。
ThePast,Present,andFutureofCornellUniversity。AnaddressdeliveredbeforetheNewYorkCityAssociationofCornellAlumni,February25,1905。Ithaca,1905。
TheAmericanDiplomaticService,withHintsforitsReform。AnaddressdeliveredbeforetheSmithsonianAssociation,Washington,D。C。,March9,1905。Washington,1905。
AutobiographyofAndrewDicksonWhite。NewYork,1905。