Thearrobaisabouttwenty
　　fivepoundsweight。
　　ThehigglingofthemarketnothavingprovedeffectualintheadjustmentofthesumtobepaidbytheGovernor，apriest，oneJuanLozano，whohadbeencondemnedtoimprisonmentbyhissuperiorsforhislooselife，andwhohadtakenrefugewiththeBishop，hitonastrokeofveritablegenius。AtaconferencewhichtookplacebetweentheBishopandseveralnotablesoftheplace，includingtherectoroftheJesuits，Lozanogaveitashisopinionthat，iftheGovernorrefusedtopay，ageneralinterdictshouldbeproclaimed。
　　TherectoroftheJesuitsretiredindignantly，and`Pe\reLozano，retroussantsarobelepoursuivitencrianta\pleinete^te，ets'exprimantendestermespeuseansa\saprofession。'
　　BythistimeAsuncionmusthavebeenlikeamadhouse，fornooneseemstohavebeenastonished，oreventohavethoughthisconductsingular。
　　TheBishop，alwaysreadytotaketheworstadvice，gotreadyforhistask，andonEasterEveembarkedupontheriver，leavinghisVicar
　　Generalunderorderstoproclaimthegeneralban。Thiswasdone，andtheedictsocontrivedastocatchthelucklessGovernorineverychurch。Thepracticaleffectwastocloseallthechurches，fortowhateverchurchtheGovernorwentthepriestrefusedtocelebratetheMass。Severalotherpersonswerementionedintheban，whichwaspostedupbelowacrucifixinthechoiroftheCathedral。
　　AsDonBernardinohadomittedtostatetheparticularoffencesforwhichtheywerecondemned，thegeneralconfusionbecameintense，andnooneattendedMass，sothatthechurchesweredeserted。
　　Afteralittlesomeofthechurchesopenedinaclandestinemanner，othersremainedclosed，andthefollowersoftheBishopandtheGovernoralternatelyassembledinarabble，andthrewstonesatallthechurches，dispensingtheirfavoursquiteimpartially。ThevariousreligiousOrders，nottobebehindhand，alsotooksides，theJesuitsgivingastheiropinionthattheGovernor，nothavingawaruponhisback，wasreallyexcommunicated；
　　theDominicansholdingthattheBishop，inthegeneralinterest，oughttoabsolvehim。He，armedwiththeopinionofthelatterOrder，marchedtothedwellingoftheBishop'sVicar
　　General，and，havingnailedupbothdoorsandwindows，sentatrumpetertotellhimheshouldnotleavehishousetillabsolutionhadbeengranted。
　　Stillnothingcameofit，andthentheGovernordidwhatheshouldhavedoneatfirst:hesentastatementofthewholeproceedingstothehighcourtatCharcas。ThishighcourtAudienciawassituatedrightinthemiddleofwhatisnowBolivia，milesawayfromLima，halfaworldfromParaguay，atleasttwothousandmilesfromBuenosAyres，andseparatedfromChilebythewholeCordilleraoftheAndes。
　　Evento
　　daythejourneyfromParaguayoftenexceedsamonth。
　　Charlevoix。
　　TheBishop，nottobeoutdone，alsopreparedastatement，inwhichheaccusedhisadversaryofallthecrimesthathecouldthinkof，andconfirmedhisstatementwithanoath。Thechapter，thinkingthingswereinanimpossiblecondition，besoughtthatthefinelaidontheexcommunicatedfolkshouldberaisedorlessened，asitappearedtothemtherewasnotmoneyinthetowntosatisfyit。
　　Cardenasrefused，andthusfourmonthselapsed。SoonafterthisarrivedoneFatherTruxillo，oftheOrderofSt。Francis，whocamefromTucumanasVice
　　Provincial。Cardenas，thinking，astheywerebothFranciscans，thatTruxillomustneedsbefavourabletohiscause，madehimhisVicar
　　General，withpowertobindandtounloose
　　thatis，tofreetheexcommunicatedfolkfromalltheirdisabilitiesif，onexamination，itseemedgoodtohim。Truxillo，whowasquiteunbiassedastomattersinAsuncion，lookedintoeverything，anddeclaredtheGovernorandeverybodyoughttobeabsolved。Hefurthergaveitashisopinionthat，theaffairhavinggonetothehighcourtatCharcas，hecoulddonothingbutgiveaninterimdecree。DonBernardinoheardthenewsatItati，anIndianvillageafewmilesoutsideAsuncion。FromthencehewenttoasomewhatlargervillagecalledYaguaron，andshuthimselfupinaconvent，afterdeclaringeveryoneexceptthesuperiorclergy
　　undertheseverestcensureoftheChurchiftheyshoulddareapproach。
　　NotabadplaceforprayerandmeditationisYaguaron。Ascoreortwooflittlehouses，builtofstrawandwoodandthatchedwithpalm
　　leaves，straggleonthehillsideabovetheshoresofagreatcamalote
　　coveredlake。
　　Parrotsscreamnoisilyamongstthetrees，andredmacawshoverlikehawksoverthelittlepatchesofmaizeandmandiocaplantedamongstthepalms。
　　Roundeveryhouseissetagroveoforange
　　trees，mingledwithlemons，sweetlimes，andguayabas。Insidethehousesallissocleanthatyoucouldeatfromanyfloorwithlessrepulsionthanfromtheplatesatafirst
　　classhotel。Aplacewherelifeslipsonaslistlessandluxuriantasthegrowthofabanana，andwhereateveningtime，whenthewomenoftheplacegotofetchwaterinalonglinewithearthenjarsbalancedupontheirheads，thegoldenageseemslessimprobableeventhaninTheocritus。ToYaguaronthehigherclergyflockedtointercedeforthegoodpeopleofAsuncion，allexceptFatherTruxillo，who，knowingsomethingofhisBishop，didnotgo。Thathewaswise，eventsprovedshortly。Twocanons
　　DiegoPoncedeLeonandFernandoSanchez
　　heimprisonedintheirrooms，callingthemtraitorstotheirBishopandtheirChurch。
　　Deputationscamefromthecapitaltobegfortheirrelease，butallinvain。TheBishopansweredthemthathehadsethismindtopurgehisdioceseoftraitors；andthetwocanonsremainedinprison。
　　Afteradetentionwhichlastedfortydays，theyescapedandfledtoCorrientes，whichmusthavelookeduponAsuncionasavastmadhouse。
　　Truxillo，whoseemstohavebeenamannotquitesoabsolutelydevoidofsenseastheotherclergy，endeavouredtoorganizeareligious`coupd'etat'；
　　but，mostunfortunately，aletterhehadwrittentosomeofthesanerclergyfellintotheBishop'shands。Excommunicationsnowpositivelyrainedupontheland。TheGovernor，theJesuits，theDominicans，eachhadtheirturn；but，curiouslyenough，thepoorerpeoplestillstoodfirmtoCardenas，thinking，nodoubt，amanwhotreatedalltherichersortsoharshlymustdosomethingforthepoor。
　　Nothing，however，wasfurtherfromthethoughtsofCardenas，whothoughtthewholeworldcircledroundhimself。TheBishop'snephewhavingreturnedtoCorrientesandhisformernaughtylife，DonBernardino，castingaboutforanothersecretary，cameononeFranciscoNieto，anapostatefromtheOrderofSt。Francis，andlivingopenlywithanIndianwoman，bywhomhehadason。HimtheBishopmadehischaplain，thenhisconfessor；andpoorNietofoundhimselfobligedtosendhisIndianwifeawayinspiteofallhisprotestsandhiswishtoliveobscurelyashehadbeenlivingbeforehiselevationtothepostofsecretary。
　　AveritablebeachcomberFatherFranciscoNietoseemstohavebeen，andthetypeofmanyaEuropeaninParaguay，whoasksnobetterthantoforgetthetediumofourmodernlifeandpasshisdaysinalittlepalm
　　thatchedhutlostinaclearingofawoodornearsomelake。
　　Camaloteisaspeciesofwater
　　lilywhichformsathickcoveringonstagnantriversandlakesinParaguayandintheArgentineRepublic。
　　SoinAsuncionthingswentfrombadtoworse。Suchtradeasthenexistedwasatastandstill，andbandsofstarvingpeopleswarmedinthestreets，whilsttheincursionsofthesavageIndiansdailybecamemorefrequent。
　　Infact，Asuncionwasbutatypeofwhattheworldwouldbeunderthedominationofanyofthesectswithoutthecounterpoiseofanycivilpower。TheGovernor，seeingthemiseryoneveryside，determined，likeanhonestman，topocketuphisprideandreconcilehimselfwithCardenasatanyprice。So，settingforthwithallhisstaff，hecametoYaguaron。There，likeapenitent，hehadtobearareprimandbeforetheassembledvillageandengagetopayafinebeforetherancorouschurchmanwouldrelievehimfromtheban。
　　TheweaknessoftheGovernorhadtheeffectthatmighthavebeenexpected，andheavyfineswerelaidonallandsundrywhohadinanymannerdispleasedtheBishoporleanedtotheothersideinthecourseofthedispute。
　　Rightinthemiddleofthestrugglebetweentheclericalandlayauthorities，abandofoverthreehundredGuaycurusappearedbeforethetown。
　　Unluckily，allthechiefofficersofthegarrisonwereexcommunicated，andthusincapableofdoinganythingtodefendtheplace。
　　FoolishasCardenasmostindubitablywas，hisfollydidnotcarryhimsofarastoleavethecapitalofhisdiocesequiteundefended。
　　Still，hewouldnotgivewayfirst，andonlyatthemomentwhentheIndiansseemedpreparedtoattackthetown，attheentreatyofa`piousvirgin'，heraisedtheexcommunicationontheGovernorandhisofficersforfifteendays。TheGovernor，insteadof，likeasensibleman，seizingtheBishopandgivinghimtothe`cacique'oftheGuaycurus，ledouthistroopsanddrovetheIndiansoff。ThatverynighthefoundhimselfoncemoreunderthecensureoftheChurch，andtheconflictwithhisopponentmorebitterthanatfirst。TheViceroyofPeru，theMarquisofMancera，indignantattheweaknessoftheGovernor，wrotesharplytohim，reprimandinghimandtellinghimatoncetoasserthimselfandforcetheBishoptoconfinehimselftomattersspiritual。OntheGovernor'sattempttoreasserthimself，theanswerwasageneralinterdictlayingtheentirecapitalundertheChurch'sban。Onthis，hemarchedtoYaguaronwithallhistroops，resolvedtotaketheBishopprisoner；buthe，seeingthetroopsapproach，wentoutatonce，fellontheGovernor'sneck，andstraightwayabsolvedhim。
　　Aftertheabsolutioncameabanquet，whichmusthavebeenalittleconstrained，onemightimagine，andevenlessamusingthantheregulationdinner
　　partyoftheLondonseason，whereonesitsbetweentwohalf
　　nakedandperspiringwomeneatinghalf
　　rawmeatanddrinkingfierywineswiththethermometerateightyintheshade。ThusdisembarrassedfromtheGovernor，DonBernardinoturnedhisattentiontotheJesuits，andsignifiedtothemthatheintendedtotaketheeducationoftheyoungoutoftheirhands。
　　ThiswasamortalaffronttotheJesuits，astheyhavealwaysunderstoodthatmen，justastheotheranimals，canonlylearnwhilstyoung。
　　Harduponthisnewstep，Cardenasissuedanedictforbiddingthemtopreachorhearconfessions。AsfortheGovernor，theBishopdidnotfearhim，andthepoorerpeopleofAsuncionhadalwaysinclinedtotheBishop'sparty，eitherthroughterroroftheChurch'sbanorfromtheirnaturalinstinctthattheBishopwasagainsttheGovernment。
　　ButCardenassawclearlythat，todealashewishedwiththeJesuits，hemustentirelygaintheGovernor'sconfidence。ThishetriedtodobysendingtohimoneFatherLopez，ProvincialoftheDominicans。
　　ThisLopezwasanableandapparentlyquitehonestman，forhetoldtheGovernorthatthewishofCardenaswastoexpeltheJesuitsfromParaguay，andfromtheirmissions，warninghimatthesametimenottoallowhimselftobemadeuseofbytheBishopinhisdesign。
　　Fromthatmomentthetwoadversariesseemedtohavechangedcharacters，andDonGregoriobecameascautiousasachurchman，whereastheBishopseemedtoloseallhisdiplomacy。
　　Toalltheprotestationsoffriendshipwhichwereaddressedtohim，theGovernoransweredsoadroitlythattheBishopfellintothetrap，andthoughthehadsecuredapartnertohelphimintheexpulsionoftheJesuits。Finally，atYaguaron，duringasermon，heformulatedhiscelebratedchargesagainsttheJesuits，which，setonfootbyhimin1644，eventuallycausedtheexpulsionofthewholeOrderfromAmerica，and，thoughrefutedathousandtimes，stilllingerinthewritingofallthosewhotreatthequestiondowntothepresentday。
　　Thechargeswereseveninnumber，andsoingeniouslycontrivedthatroyal，national，anddomesticindignationwereallarousedbythem。
　　ThefirstwasthattheJesuitspreventedtheIndiansfrompaying1
　　theirannualtaxestothecrown。Secondly，thattheJesuitskeptbackthetithesfromBishopsandArchbishops。2Thirdly，hesaidtheJesuitshadrichminesintheirpossession，andthattheproductofthesemineswasallsentoutofthecountrytothegeneralfundatRome。
　　ThistheJesuitsdisprovedonseveraloccasions，but，asoftenhappensinsuchcases，proofwasofnoavailagainstthefollyofmankind，towhomitseemedincrediblethattheJesuitsshouldburythemselvesindesertstopreachtosavages，unlesstherewassomecountervailingadvantagetobegained。EventhefactthatattheexpulsionoftheCompanyofJesusfromAmericanotreasureatallwasfoundatanyoftheircollegesormissionsdidnotdispeltheconvictionthattheyownedrichmines。ThefourthchargewasthattheJesuitswerenotparticularaboutthesecretsoftheconfessional，andthattheyusedtheinformationthusacquiredfortheirownselfishends。
　　Further，thatFatherRuizdeMontoyahadacquiredfromtheKing，underamisapprehension，aroyaledict，3givingtheterritoryofthemissionstotheJesuits，thustakingthefruitsoftheirconquestfromtheSpanishcolonists。Fifthly，thattheJesuitsenteredParaguaypossessedbutoftheclothesupontheirbacks，thattheyhadmadethemselvesintothesovereignrulersofagreatterritory，butthathewasgoingtoexpelthem，astheVenetianshadexpelledthemfromVenetia。4
　　Sixthly，thateventhePortugueseofSanPaulodePiritinangahadexpelledthem。5Hislastassertionwasthathehimself，togetherwiththeBishopofTucumanandothers，hadsecretordersfromtheKingtoexpeltheJesuitsfromtheirdioceses，butthattheotherBishopslackedthecouragewhichheCardenaswasthenabouttoshow。
　　Hewoundupallbysayingthat，oncetheJesuitsweregone，theKingwouldonceagainenjoyhisrights，theChurchbeonceagainrestoredtofreedom，and，lastly，thattherewouldbeplentyofIndiansforthesettlerstoenslave。Quitepossiblyenough，thepublic，evergeneroustoafaultwithotherpeople'sgoods，caredlittlefortherightsofaKingwholivedtenthousandmilesaway；
　　andasfortheChurch，itseemsmostprobabletheyfailedtoseetheperilthatsheran。ButwhentheBishopspokeofenslavingtheIndians，theysawtheJesuitsmustgo，forfromtheconquesttheJesuitshadstoodbetweenthesettlersandtheirprey。Allthingsconsidered，DonBernardinomadearemarkablediscoursethatSundaymorninginthepalm
　　thatchedvillagebythelake，fortheechoofitstillresoundsinthereligiousworldagainsttheJesuits。
　　1Thiswasuntrue，astheJesuitmissionswerenotatthattime1644
　　apportionedintoparishesundertheauthorityoftheJesuits，andsuchtributeasthenwascustomarywasallcollectedbygovernmentofficials。
　　2Thiswasalsountrue，asthetitheswereneverregulatedinParaguaytill1649。
　　3Thisaccusationwasquiteuntrue，fortheedictreferredtowasnotobtainedundermisapprehension，butafteracompleteexpositionofallthefacts。Moreover，itwassubsequentlyrenewedonseveraloccasionsbytheSpanishKings。
　　4TheVenetiansdidnotexpeltheJesuits，theyleftVenetiaoftheirownaccord。
　　5FathersMontoyaandTanowentrespectivelytoRomeandtoMadridtolaythesorrowsoftheIndiansbeforetheKingandPope。
　　HavingobtainedtheedictfromtheKingthatCardenasreferredto，andabrieffromthePopeUrbanVIII。forbiddingslavery，theyhadthehardihoodtoappearwithinthecityofSanPauloandaffixbothedictstothechurchdoor。Aswastobeexpected，thePaulistasimmediatelyexpelledthemfromtheirterritories，andhencethesemi
　　truthofthesixthchargemadebyBishopCardenas。
　　Likeothermenafteranotablepronouncement，itismostprobablethatCardenaswasunawareofthefullimportofhiswords。
　　Perhapshethoughtasspeakerswillthatallthebestportionsofhissermonhadbeenleftunsaid。Bethatasitmay，heshortlyturnedhisthoughtstoothermattersofmoredirectimportancetohimself。
　　Injudgingofhislife，itshouldnotbeforgottenthat，byhissermonatYaguaron，heplacedhimselfuponthesideofthosewhowantedtoenslavetheIndians。Perhapshedidnotknowthis，andcertainlyhispopularityamongsttheIndiansoutsidethemissionswasenormous。HisnextadventurewastotryandejecttheJesuitsfromafarmtheyhad，calledSanIsidro。TheGovernorhavingforbiddenhimtodoso，hearmedanarmyofhispartisanstoexpeltheJesuitsfromtheircollegeinthecapital。
　　OutsideAsunciontheLieutenant
　　Governor，DonFranciscoFlorez，mettheBishop'ssecretary，FatherNieto，whoinformedhimoftheenterprise，exhortinghimtoenlistthesympathiesoftheGovernorinsogoodacause。
　　Florez，abetterdiplomatistthanhiscommandingofficer，seemedtoapprove，andnaturallydeceivedpoorFatherNieto，who，likemosthypocrites，becameaneasypreytohisowntacticswhenusedagainsthimself。
　　FlorezinformedtheGovernoratonce，andhesenttotheJesuits，andputthemontheirguard。NextdayhemettheBishop，andtoldhimthathisenterprisecouldnotsucceed，astheJesuitswereunderarms。
　　NodoubthelearnedtheseartificesinhiscampaignsagainsttheIndiansofArauco，oritmayhavebeenthat，likeotherswhohavehadtostrivewithchurchmen，helearnedtobeatthemwiththeirowncontroversialarms。TheBishopfellcompletelyintothesnare，and，thinkingtheGovernorwasafastfriend，confidedallhisplanstohimfortheexpulsionoftheJesuitsandtheconquestofthemissionterritory。
　　JustthenCaptainDonPedroDiazdelVallecamefromLaPlata，andgaveDonBernardinoanewdecisionoftheHighCourtofCharcas，tellinghimtoliveinpeacewithallmen，andgovernhisdiocesewithzeal。
　　Hecertainlywaszealoustoanextraordinarydegree，ifnotjudicious。
　　Therefore，theverymentionoftheword`zeal'musthavebeenpeculiarlyoffensivetosuchazealousman。Theletterwentontosaythatallthefineshehadexactedwereillegal，andcommandedhimtogivebackthe`yerba'whichhehadextortedfromhisinvoluntarypenitents，andinthefutureliveonbettertermswithallaroundhim。Toallofthishepaidnonotice，aswastobeexpected，but，toavoidreturningthe`yerba'，sentalettertohisofficerstohaveitburned。Thisletter，whichhedenied，wassubsequentlyproducedagainsthimintheHighCourtatCharcas。
　　SeeingtheGovernorwasbentonfrustratingorondeceivinghim，hetriedtogetfromDonSebastianLeon，whoheldanofficeundertheGovernor，anedictoftheEmperorCharlesV。，whichhehadheardwasinthearchives，andwhichprovidedthat，incaseaGovernorshoulddieorbedeposed，thenotablesoftheplacehadpowertoappointaninterimGovernortofillhisplace。
　　Ifsuchapapereverexisted，itmusthavebeenaveryearlydocumentgivenbyCharlesV。atthefoundationofthecolony，fornothingwasmoreopposedtothetraditionsofSpanishpolicythroughoutAmerica。
　　DonSebastianLeonhavinginformedtheGovernor，thelattersawthatthingswerecomingtoacrisis，andthateitherheortheBishopwouldhavetoleavetheplace。Notbeingsureofallhistroops，andtheBishophavingthepopulaceuponhisside，hesenttotheJesuitmissionsforsixhundredIndians。Thusthesupremacyoftheroyalgovernmentfelltobesupportedbymenbutjustemergingfromasemi
　　nomadlife，whoowedthetinctureofcivilizationtheypossessedtothecalumniatedJesuits。
　　OnmanyoccasionsarmiesofIndiansfromtheJesuitmissionsrenderedimportantservicestothecrownofSpain:notonlyagainstthePortuguese，butagainstEnglishcorsairs，andinrebellions，asinthecaseofCardenas；oraswhen，intheyear1680，PhilipV。wrotetotheGovernorofBuenosAyrestogarrisontheportwithacontingentofIndiansfromtheJesuitreductions；in1681，whentheFrenchattackedtheportwithasquadronoffour
　　and
　　twentyships；
　　andatthefirstsiegeoftheColonia，in1678，whenthreethousandIndiansmarchedtotheattack，accompaniedbytheirJesuitpastors，butunderthecommandofSpanishofficers。
　　Funes，`HistoriaCivildelParaguay，Buenos
　　Ayres，yTucuman'。
　　AnarmyfromtheJesuitmissionsconsistedalmostentirelyofcavalry。
　　ItmarchedmuchlikeaSouthAmericanarmyoftwentyyearsagowaswonttomarch。Infrontwasdriventhe`caballada'，consistingofthesparehorses；thencamethevanguard，composedofthebestmountedsoldiers，undertheir`caciques'。
　　Thenfollowedthewivesandwomenofthesoldiers，drivingthebaggage
　　mules，andlastlysomeherdsmendroveatroopofcattleforthementoeat。
　　WhenJesuitsaccompaniedthearmy，theydidnotenterintoaction，butweremostintrepidinsuccouringthewoundedunderfire，asFunes，inhis`HistoriaCivildelParaguay'，etc。，
　　relateswhenspeakingoftheirconductatthesiegeoftheColoniain1703。
　　Forarmstheycarriedlances，slings，`chuzos'broad
　　pointedspears，lazos，andbolas，andhadamongstthemcertainverylongEnglishgunswithreststofirefrom，notveryheavy，andofagoodrange。
　　EachdaytheaccompanyingJesuitssaidMass，andeachtowncarrieditsparticularbannerbeforethetroop。Theygenerallycamped，ifpossible，intheopenplain，bothtoavoidsurprisesandforconvenienceinguardingthecattleandthe`caballada'。InalltheterritoriesofSouthAmericanosuchquietandwell
　　behavedsoldierywastobefound；
　　forinChile，Peru，Mexico，andGuatemala，thepassageofanarmywassimilartothepassingofaswarmoflocustsinitseffect。
　　ThetestimonyofFunesisasfollows:`A/juiciodetestigoocularnoesma/sadmirablelasangrefriadesuscapellanes'
　　`HistoriaCivildelParaguay'，bookiii。，cap。viii。。
　　DonBernardino，onhisside，wasoccupiedinanimatingthepopulaceagainsttheJesuitswithallthefervourofanApostle。Naturally，hefirstcommencedbylaunchinghisusualsentenceofexcommunicationagainstthem，andhavingdonesoreturnedagaintoYaguaron。Thisvillage，likeotherParaguayanvillages，manyofwhichintimesgonebyhavebeenthescenesofstirringepisodes，retainsto
　　daybutlittletodistinguishit。
　　Naturehasprovedtoopowerfulinthelong
　　runformentofightagainst。
　　Oneverysidethewoodsseemreadytooverwhelmtheplace。
　　Grassgrowsbetweenthewoodenstepsoftheneglectedchurch；
　　seibos，lapachos，espinillosdeolor，allboundtogetherwithlianas，encroachtothevergesofthelittleclearingsinwhichgrowsmandioca，lookinglikeafieldofsticks。Alldaytheparrotsscream，andtoucansandpicafloresdartabout；ateveningthemonkeyshowlinchorus；
　　atnightthejaguarprowlsabout，andgiantbatsfastenupontheincautioussleeper，or，fixingthemselvesuponahorse，leavehimexhaustedinthemorningwiththelossofblood。
　　WhenCardenasusedtheplaceasasortofAvignonfromwhichtosafelyutterhisanathemas，itmusthavewornadifferentaspect。
　　Nodoubtprocessionsandceremonieswerecontinual，withcarryingaboutthesaintsinpublic，acustomwhichtheParaguayansirreverentlyrefertoas`sacandoa/luzlosbultos'。Messengers`chasquis'，nodoubt，cameandwentperpetually，asisthecustomincountriessuchasParaguay，wherenewsisvaluableandhorsefleshcheap。Theretoflocked，toamoralcertainty，allthebrokensoldierswhoswarmedincountrieslikePeruandParaguay，withIndian`caciques'lookingoutforworktodowhenwhitemenquarrelledandthroatsweretobecut。Priestswentandcame，friarsandmissionaries；andCardenasmostcertainly，wholovedeffect，gaveallhisemeraldringtokiss，andmadethosepromiseswhichleadersofrevoltlavishoneveryoneintimesofdifficulty。
　　Literally，`takingouttheblockstoair'。Theeffigiesaremadeofhardandheavywood，andIrememberonceinConcepciondeParaguayassistingonaswelteringdaytocarryaMadonnaweighingaboutfivehundredweight。
　　WhentheIndiancontingentarrived，theGovernormarcheduponYaguaron，althoughtheairwaspositivelyluridwithexcommunications。
　　TheBishop，rushingtothechurch，wasinterceptedbytheGovernor，whoseizedhisarmandtriedtostophim。Cardenasstruggledwithhim，anddeclaredhimexcommunicatedforlayinghishandupontheanointedoftheLord。But，mostunfortunately，therewasnoFitz
　　UrseathandtoridtheGovernorofsoturbulentapriest。
　　AmulattowomanrushedtotheBishop'said，togetherwithsomepriests。
　　ThisgavehimtimetogainthealtarandseizetheHost，whichheexposedatoncetothepublicgaze，andforthemomentallpresentfellupontheirknees。TurningtotheGovernor，heaskedwhathewantedwitharmedmeninachurch。TheGovernorrepliedhehadcometobanishhimfromParaguay，byorderoftheViceroy，forhavinginfringeduponthetemporalpower。Cardenas，takenaback，repliedhewouldobey，and，turningtothepeople，tookthemallforwitnesses。TheGovernor，nodoubtthinkinghewasdealingwithanhonestAraucanchief，retired。TheBishopimmediatelydenouncedtheGovernorinafurioussermon，afterwhichheleftthechurch，carryingtheHostinfullprocession，accompaniedbythechoirsingingthe`PangeLingua'，followedbyabandofIndianwomenwiththeirhairdishevelled，andcarryinggreenbranchesintheirhands。
　　Hethenreturnedtothechurch，andfromthepulpitdenouncedtheGovernor，who，standingatthedoorsurroundedbyagroupofarquebusiersblowingtheirmatches，answeredhimfuriously。
　　TheproverbsaysinParaguay，`Nosefiademulanimulata'。
　　Thehonours，sotospeak，beingthusequallydivided，itremainedforonesideortheothertonegotiate。Cardenas，knowinghimselfmuchablerinnegotiationsthanhisadversary，proposedaconference，inwhichheborehimselfsoskilfullythathemadetheGovernorconsenttodismisshisIndians，andallowhimsixdaystomakehispreparationsfortheroad。Thissettled，atdeadofnighthesetoutforthecapital。
　　Arrivedthere，heshowedhimselfinpublicinhisgreenhat，havinguponhisbreastalittleboxofglassinwhichheboretheHost。
　　Abandofpriestsescortedhim，allwitharmsconcealedbeneaththeircloaks，inthetruespiritoftheChurchmilitant。Thebellswererung，andeveryeffortstrainedtoraiseatumult，butallinvain。
　　HehadtothrowhimselfforrefugeintotheconventoftheFranciscans。
　　Atoncehesetabouttofortifytheplacetostandasiege。Inseveralplacesheconstructedembrasuresforguns，andpiercedthewallsformusketry。
　　But，thinkingthathisbestdefencelayinthefollyofthepeople
　　aspublicmenalwayshavedone，anddo
　　hesenttotheCathedralforastatueoftheBlessedVirgin，andanotherofSanBlas，andplacedthematthegate。Then，rememberingthatcalumnywasamostserviceableweapon，heputaboutthetownareportthattheIndiansfromthemissionshadpillagedYaguaron，andthattheyeventhenweremarchingontheplace。AgainrecurringtotheedictofCharlesV。，whichhepretendedtohavefound，heissuedaproclamationthat，asthepresentGovernorwasexcommunicated，andthereforecouldnotgovern，theofficebeingvacant，heintendedtonominateanotherinhisstead。Hissubsequentbehaviourshowsmostclearlythathewishedtonominatehimself。
　　AgainbothsidessentoffarelationoftheirdoingstotheHighCourtofCharcas。DonBernardinowroteinhisthattheJesuitshadofferedtheGovernorthirtythousandcrowns，andplacedathousandmenathiscommand，ifhewouldexpeltheBishopfromthecountry，underthebeliefthatheDonBernardinoknewoftheirhiddenminesinthemissionterritory。Hiswitnesseswerestudentsandpriests，andoneoftheseprovingrecalcitrant，theBishophadhimheavilychained，andthensuspendedoutsidetheconventoftheFranciscans。
　　Thisdrastictreatmenthadthedesiredeffect，astorturealwayshaswithreasonablemen，andthepoorwitnesssigned，butafterwardsprotested，thusgivingagoodexampleinhimselfofthetruthoftheSpanishsaying，`Protestandpay'。
　　`Pagaryapelar'。
　　Bythistimethepatienceandlong
　　sufferingoftheGovernorwerequiteexhausted。HethereforesenttotheBishoptosayashipwasreadytotakehimdowntheriver，andatthesametimeremindedhimofhispromiseatYaguarontoobeytheorderoftheViceroyofPeru。Hesentthemessagebytheroyalnotary，GomezdeCoyeso，whoaccordinglyrepairedtotheconventofSanFrancisco。Atthedoorapriestappeared，armedwithajavelin，whothreetimestriedtowoundthenotary，onwhichtheGovernorstationedabandoffiftysoldiersattheconventgate，inspiteofthepresenceofthestatuesoftheBlessedVirginandSanBlas。
　　Then，havingpublishedanedictthattheBishopwasdeposed，heproceededtoelectanotherinhisstead。
　　Oneofthecanons，DonCristobalSanchez，whohadgovernedthedioceseduringtheinterregnumbeforetheadventofDonBernardino，stilllivedinretirementnearthetown。TheGovernorapproachedhimwiththerequestthathewouldoncemoretaketheinterimchargeuntiltheKingshouldsendanotherBishoptoreplaceCardenas。
　　Sanchezconsented，ontheunderstandingthattheGovernorwouldguaranteehispersonalsafety。Thisbeingdone，SanchezwastakentotheJesuitcollegeasthesecurestplace。
　　SoitfelloutthateverythingconcurredtostrengthenthehatredoftheBishoptotheJesuits。TotheJesuitcollegecametheGovernorandallthenotables，and，havingtakenSanchezinprocessionthroughthestreets，theyplacedhimontheBishop'sthroneintheCathedral，andinvestedhimwithallthepowerthathehadheldbeforethecomingofDonBernardinoCardenas。TheproclamationsetforthbytheGovernoralludedtotheinformalityoftheconsecrationofDonBernardino，andtohisactionsduringhistimeofpower。
　　AtlasttheBishopsawthathemustgo。So，afterlaunchingasupremeanathema，andafterhavingexpressedhisgreatunwillingnesstotarrylongerinacitywherehalfthepopulationhadincurredthecensureoftheChurch，andmarkedwithacrossthosechurcheswherehepermittedMasstobecelebrated，hewentonboardtheship。
　　Beforeembarking，hedrewasilverbellfromunderneathhiscloak，andtothesoundofithesolemnlyproclaimedthetownaccursed。
　　ThebellsoftheFranciscanconventandtheBishop'spalace，accordingtohisorders，alltolledloudly。Thiscausedsomuchconfusionthat，inordertoappeasethetumult，theauthoritiesorderedthebellsofallthechurchesinthetowntoring。
　　Enteringthevessel，DonBernardinosathimselfuponthepooponalowstool，withalltheclergywhowerefaithfultohimgroupedaboutthedeck。Withhimhehadthesacredwaferinaglassbox，andnotfaroffagroupofsailorsontheforecastleloungedaboutsmokinganddrinking`mate'whilsttheyplayedatcards。
　　SomeoneremindedhimitwasnotfittingthatGod'sBodyshouldthusbeseensoneartosailors，andthereforetheBishop，accordingtothecustomoftheChurchincasesofaccidentordesecration，consumedtheoffendedwafer，andpeacedescendedontheship。
　　Thus，in1644，hetookhisfirstdeparturefromtheplacewhereforthelasttwoyearshehadbroughtcertainlyratheraswordthanpeace。
　　Hisfriendsassuredthepublicthat，atthemomenthesteppedonboardtheship，starswereseentofallfromheaventowardsthechurchofSt。Luke，andpassedfromthencetotheepiscopalpalaceanddisappeared；
　　thatatthesametimeaslightshockofearthquakehadbeenexperienced；
　　thatstoneshaddancedabout，andseveralhillshadtrembled。
　　Thesun，quitenaturally，hadappearedblood
　　red；troubleanddesolationhadenteredeveryheart，andanimalshadprophesiedwoeanddestruction，predictingruinandmisfortunetothetowntillthegoodBishopshouldreturnoncemore。
　　TheeventsofthepasttwoyearsinParaguayhadnotbeenfavourabletotheconversionoftheIndians。Notonlyinthemissions，wheretheneophyteshadseenthemselvesobligedtofurnishtroopsagainsttheirBishop，butintheterritoryofParaguayitself，theIndianshadnothadagoodexampleofhowChristianscarryoutthedutiesoftheirfaith。Asageneralrule，theIndianunlikethenegro
　　careslittlefordogma，butplaceshisbeliefentirelyingoodworks。
　　PerhapsonthisaccounttheJesuits，alsobelieversingoodworks，havehadthemostsuccessamongstthem。Bethatasitmay，theJesuits，afterthedepartureoftheBishop，foundthatmanyoftheirrecentconvertshadfallenawayandgonebacktothewoods。
　　WhilstJesuitsinParaguaywereseekingtoconverttheIndians，andwhilsttheGovernor，nodoubt，wasthankinghisstarsfortheabsenceofhisrival，inRomethequestionoftheBishop'sconsecrationfilledallminds。FromMay9，1645，toOctober2ofthesameyearnolessthanfourcongregationsofthePropagandahadbeenheldaboutthecase。ThePopehimselfwaspresentatoneofthem。
　　Nothingwasarrivedattill1658，whenfinallytheconsecrationwasdeclaredinorder，butnotuntilDonBernardinowasappointedtoanothersee。