`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivildelParaguay'，etc。，vol。iii。，cap。viii。，p。119。
　　OnJuly2twoshipsarrivedinBuenosAyresbringingthenewsthatthedecreehadbeenputinforceinSpainonApril2withsuccess。
　　AsallthecrewofboththeshipsknewwhathadhappenedinSpain，concealmentofhisplanbecamenolongerpossible。Thus，hadtheJesuitspossessedeitherthewishorthemeanstomakeanarmedresistance，theyhadampletimetostandontheirdefence。
　　Nothingwasfurtherfromtheirminds，thoughtheyhadcompletedominionoveraterritoryaslargeasFrance，andwhichcontainedapopulationofoveronehundredandfiftythousandsouls。1
　　Forarms，theyhadaschiefdefencesome`verylongEnglishguns，withrestsiftheywishedtousethem，whichwerenotveryheavy，andhadatolerablerange。'2ThesewerethepreparationsthattheJesuitswho，notinParaguayalone，butthroughoutalltheAmericandominionsoftheSpanishcrown，ruledoverterritoriesstretchingfromCaliforniatoCapeHorn3hadmade，andtheywerefoundaloneinthemissionsofParaguay，where，byaspecialpermissionoftheKingsofSpain，armswereallowedfordefenceagainstthePortuguese。
　　1Funes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil'，etc。，vol。iii。，cap。viii。
　　2`Tambienenalgunospuebloshayunasescopetasinglesasmuylargasconsushorquillassisequierenusardeellasnosonmuypesadasytienenbuenalcance'
　　Funes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivildelParaguay'，etc。，vol。iii。，cap。viii。。
　　3Therewereintheyear1759throughouttheworld271Jesuitmissions，1，542religioushouses，61cattlefarms，340residences，171seminaries，1，542churches，and22，589Jesuits，whereof11，293werepriests。
　　Oftheabovehouses，missions，andchurches，thegreaterportionwereinAmericaFerrerdelRio，`HistoriadelReinadodeCarlosIII。'，Madrid，1856。
　　IntheRiverPlateandParaguaytherewereabout400Jesuits，ofwhom300werepriests。Theotherhundred，accordingtoIbanez`RepublicaJesuitica'，were`mostlypoordevilswhowereinwantoffood，andcameintotheOrderforameal。'
　　Ibanezrarelyspokethetruth，notevenwhenitwouldhavebeenexpedienttodoso；andcertainlyamongstthese`poordevils'
　　couldnothavebeenincludedAsperger，thewriteronIndianmedicines，andotherdistinguishedmenwhoinhabitedtheParaguayanmissionsaslaybrothers。
　　Bucareli，whoseemstohavebeenatimidbuthonestanduprightman，madehisfirstexperimentupontheJesuitsofBuenosAyres，Cordoba，andSantaFe。Thecollegesinalltheseplacesweresuppressedonthesamenight，andwithouttheleastresistancefromtheiroccupants。
　　HewhosuppressesareligiousOrder，takesatownorcountry，or，infact，putsintooperationanyoftheforcesofthelawormilitarypower，alwaysexpects，nomatterhowexaltedbehismotivesatthestart，torecouphimselffromthetreasureoftheconquered。`Vaevictis'，togetherwiththevestmentsofthechurch，theplainsong，andthesaints，cameasapaganheritagetothenewfaith，andhasbeenheldascanonlawsinceConstantinelookedattheskyandthoughthesawacross。
　　GreatmusthavebeenthedisgustoftheGovernortofindthespoilsopaltry，andnottohavethesatisfactionevenofsayingthattheJesuitshadhiddenalltheirgold，as，hisownmeasureshavingbeentakensecretly，theyhadnoknowledgeofwhatwasinthewind。InthecollegeofCordoba，esteemedtobeamineofwealth，wasfoundonlyninethousanddollars，
　　whichsumFerandoFabro，thecommissionersentbyBucarelitotakeovertheeffectsoftheJesuitsatCordoba，dulychroniclesinhisreport。
　　DeanFunes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil'，etc。，vol。iii。，bookv。，cap。ix。
　　ButifthecollegeofCordoba1provedamiserableprey，therestillremainedtheJesuitmissionsontheUruguayandParana，withalltherichesoftheirfertileterritory，andtheenormouswealthwhicheverySpaniardfirmlybelievedtheJesuitshadacquired。
　　NoneoftheJesuits，eitherinBuenosAyres，Cordoba，SantaFe，Corrientes，orMonteVideohavingmadetheleastresistance，buthavingopenedwidetheirdoorstothesoldiers，whoinallthetownsonthesamedayattwoo'clockinthemorningcametosignifytheirexpulsiontothem，itwasonlynaturaltothinkthatthesameconductwouldbeobservedinParaguay。ButGovernorsandGovernmentsneverseemintheleastaccessibletocommon
　　sense。Almostayearhadpassedbeforehepluckedupcourageforhisdangeroustask。2
　　HesetaboutitwithmorepreparationthaneitherCortezorPizarromadefortheconquestofMexicoorofPeru。HavingembarkedforSpaininthefrigate`LaEsmeralda'onehundredandfiftyJesuitsfromthetownsofCordoba，BuenosAyres，MonteVideo，andSantaFe，hepreparedtomarchuponthemissions，whenasuspicionofresistancecausedhimtotakeprecautionswhichtheresultprovedquiteridiculous。
　　HesenttwohundredofthebestofthemilitiaofAsunciontooccupythefordsupontheTebicuari，3andabodyofequalstrengthtooccupytheportofSanMiguel。Allthesemeasuresbeingtakenforhissafety，theconquerorembarkeduponMay24，takingwithhimthreecompaniesofgrenadiersandsixtydragoons。HedisembarkedatthetownofSaltoontheUruguay，andfromthencedespatchedCaptainDonJuanFranciscodelaRivaHerreratooccupythetownsupontheParana。DonFranciscodeZabalawassenttoseizesixofthetownsupontheUruguay。Bucarelihimself，withseveralhundredmen，marcheduponYapeyu，4thesouthernmostofallthemissiontowns。
　　TheJesuits，however，gavenotroubletoanyofthetroops，andevenstoppedtheGovernorfromgatheringanylaurels，howeverwithered，withwhichtocrownhisarms。
　　1Thefinelibrarywasdispersed，andmanypricelessMSS。treatingofthediscoveryandconquest，andofexpeditionsbytheJesuitsamongsttribesofIndiansnowextinct，werelost。NothingseemstohavebeenpreservedexceptmatterwhichthedispersersthoughtmightproveincriminatingtotheJesuits。Itisawell
　　knownprincipletojudgeandcondemnaman，andthentosearchforevidenceagainsthim。
　　ThebookswerekeptinaplaceknownasLaGranjadeSantaCatalina，andamanofletters，Dr。DonAntonioAldao，waschargedtocatalogueandremitthemtothecapital。DeanFunessaysbookv。，cap。ix。，p。156thathecompliedwithhisinstructions`verifico/lafelizmenteyconarregloasusinstrucciones'，but，anyhow，mostofthebookswerelost。Itisacommonphraseamongstdoctors，`Theoperationwasentirelysuccessful，butthepatientunfortunatelysuccumbed。'Amongstthebookswasthecelebrated`MonitaSecreta'，usedbyIbanezinhischargesaftertheexpulsionagainsttheJesuits。
　　2DeanFunes`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil'，vol。iii。，cap。viii。
　　seemstohavegaugedthefeelingsoftheGovernorwhenhesays:
　　`TemblodesustoBucareliconsiderandoenriesgounaconquista，quedebiaaumentarsugloriaysufortuna。'`Sufortuna'isdelicious，andshowsyourtrueconqueror'smelancholy。
　　3TheTebicuariformsthenorthernboundarybetweentheterritoryofMisionesandtherestofParaguay。Itisalargeriver，andinmytime1872
　　1875wasbridgeless，andhadtobecrossedincanoes，whilstthehorsesswam，orweretowedbehindthecanoeswithropes。
　　4Yapeyuwasthelargestofallthemissions。ThenamesignifiesachiselinGuarani。
　　Asheadvancedfromtowntotown，thepriests，onhisarrivalateachplace，althoughlivinginthemidstofIndians，someofwhomwerearmed，andmanyofwhomhadservedtheKingofSpaininvariouswars，andallofwhomlookedontheJesuitsalmostasgods，cameoutandpeacefullygaveupthekeysofalltheirhouses，andsubmittedquietlytobemadeprisonersandbecarriedoffinchainsfromtheterritorieswhichtheyandtheirorderhadcivilizedandruledoveralmosttwohundredyears。Seventy
　　eightJesuitsandtheirprovincialsweresentprisonerstoBuenosAyres，andtheirplacesallfilledupwithotherprieststakenfromdifferentOrders，andnoneofwhomhadanyexperienceinmission
　　work。AsDeanFunestartlywrites，themiraclethatBucareliwished，butscarcelydaredtohopefor，hadtakenplace。TheJesuits，inParaguay，atleast，bytheirconductintheirlastpublicact，mostamplyvindicatedtheirloyaltytotheSpanishcrown。Nothingwouldhavebeeneasier，depletedastheviceroyaltywasatthetimeoftroops，
　　thantohavedefiedtheforceswhichBucarelihadathisdisposal，andtohavesetupaJesuitState，whichwouldhavetaxedtheutmostresourcesoftheSpanishcrowntoovercome。
　　NodoubttheveryfacilitywithwhichBucarelicarriedouthisplansconfirmedhiminhisownmindoftheirexpediency，formeningeneralarepronetothinkthatrightwhichtheyaccomplishwithsuccess。
　　However，bethatasitmay，hereturnedintriumphtoBuenosAyresonSeptember16，havingexpendedinhisexpeditionlessthanfourmonths。
　　SoinaquarterofayeartheJesuits，aftermorethantwohundredyearsofrule，wereallexpelledfromParaguay。
　　Bucareli，inalettertoElCondedeArandaBrabo，`ColecciondeDocumentosrelativosa/laExpulsiondelosJesuitas'，Madrid，1872，saysinreferencetotheperilsbywhichheimaginedhimselfsurrounded:
　　`Elmiserodiminutoestadodelatropa，porelatrasodesuspagasylafaltaqueencontre/decaudalesenestascajas，eraunaurgenciaquemeatormentaba。'
　　Theymadenofight，norofferedanyresistance，lettingthemselvesbetakenasabutchertakesasheep，andthatsurroundedastheywerebyapopulationofupwardsofonehundredandfiftythousandsouls，cutoffbycountlessleaguesfromtheoutsideworld，defendedonthreesidesbyvirginforestsandbymarsheshardlypassabletoEuropeantroops。
　　OnewordfromtheProvincialwouldhavesetthemissionsinablaze。
　　Awordwouldhavebroughtcloudsofhorsemen
　　badlyarmed，'tistrue，butknowingeveryfootofmarshandforest，allthedeep
　　beatentrackswhichwindintheredearthacrossthelonelyplains，thepassesoftherivers，springs，naturalfastnesses，andhavingthevariedknowledgeofacountrywhichofoldmadeBorderhorsemenandNorthumbrianprickersformidableupontheScottishmarches
　　intothefield。
　　ThedoggedParaguayanIndians，ancestorsoftheinfantrywhich，underLopez，1diedsobravelyunderthefireoftheBrazilianguns，would，intheirredcloaksandscantylinenclothes，havemarchedfrom`capilla'2andfrommissionagainsttheenemiesofthe`father
　　priests'。Seventy
　　eightJesuitsweremarchedofftoBuenosAyres，andthenshippedofftoEurope3
　　tojointheirfellows，whohadbeenbroughttogetherbytheministersofthemostliberalKingwhoeverfilledtheSpanishthronefromeveryquarteroftheworld。HavingexpelledtheJesuits，Bucareliwasboundbytheexigenciesofhispositiontocalumniatethem。Perhaps，asanofficial，hideboundinhisbeliefintheinalterablerightofGovernmentstocommitinjustices，hebelievedallthathewrote。Forthewelfareofhumanity，onecouldhopeheknewallthathewrotewasfalse。Whathopeisthereleftformankindaslongasaddle
　　headed，honestmenseenaughtbutjusticeinwhateverordertheyreceive?Betterathousandtimesaroguewhoknowsheisaroguethanagood，well
　　intentioned，blunderingmanquiteunawareheisafool。
　　1Thiswar，undertakenbyafoolLopezagainstenormousodds，servedtoshowwhatapeopleevenwheninthewrong，andinabadcause，candowhenitbelievesitselftobefightingfornationalliberty。
　　Asamatteroffact，Paraguayanlibertywasnotthreatenedforaninstant，andLopezdeclaredwaragainstbothBrazilandtheArgentineRepublicoutofmereambitiontobeasecondNapoleon。Hissolitaryqualificationsforthecharacterwerethat，likehisprototype，hewasfatandlovedwomen。
　　Thewarcommencedin1865andfinishedin1870，andleftthecountryalmostadesert。Solonelywasit，thatIhaveofteninthosedaysseentigerscalmlywalkacrossaroadinmid
　　day，andashoutorapistol
　　shotbutlittlequickenedtheirmovements。
　　2`Capilla'wasthenamegiveninParaguaytosomeofthesmallervillageswhichhadachapel，thechapel`capilla'beingmoreimportantthanthehouses。
　　3ElV。P。JosePignatelli，inhis`LaCompan~iadeJesusensuExtincionyRestablecimento'，saysthattheParaguayanJesuitswereallsenttoFaenza。
　　But，still，hehadtojustifyhimselfeitheruponhisownaccountorforthebenefitofthatposteritytoconciliatewhichsomanypublicmenhavepalteredwiththetruth。SohisfirstcarewastoextractaletterfromthirtyIndianswhomhechosetodignifywiththetitleofthemayorsofthethirtytowns，firsthaving，ashesayshimselfinalettertotheCondedeAranda，theministerofCharlesIII。，dressedthemintheSpanishfashion，andtreatedtheminsuchawaythattheymightknowhowmuchtheirlothadbeenimproved。Theletter，writtenoriginallyinGuarani，
　　bearsuponeverylineofitthedictationoftheGovernor。
　　Afterafineparagraphofsalutations，itgoesontogivetheKingmanyandrepeatedthanks`muchasyrepetidasgracias'forhavingsenthisExcellencyCaptain
　　GeneralDonFranciscoBucareli，`whohasfulfilled，fortheloveofGodandfortheloveofyourMajesty，allthejustorderswhichyourMajestylaidtohischarge，aidingourpoverty，andclothinguslikegentlemen。'Mostpeople，eventheheathen，likethosewhohelptheirpovertyandclothetheminthegarbofgentlemen。
　　IthadnotoccurredtothepoorIndiansthatthefineclothesmightturnoutliveries。ThemayorsallsigntheirIndiannames，whichseemstogivethelietotheaccusationthattheJesuitskeptthemignorant。Theletter，datedBuenosAyres，March10，1768，seemstoshowthattheIndians，betheywhotheymighthavebeen，werenotfreeagentsatthetimetheywrote。TheIndians'letterdulydespatched，theGovernorinditedareport，inwhichhefairlyandwithcircumstancereiteratesalltheoldchargesagainsttheJesuitsinParaguaywhichtheinventivebrainofCardenashadfirstconceived；buttothemheaddsseverallittletouchesofhisown，whichshowhehadsomeobservationandanimaginativemind。
　　`CartadelGobernadordeBuenosAyresBucarelialComtedeAranda'。
　　Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentosRelativosalaExpulsiondelosJesuitos'，p。8，Madrid，1872:`LeshicevestiralaEspan~olaasistiendolosytratandolosdemodoqueconozcanlamejoradesusuerte……'
　　Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos'，etc。，p。101。Theletterisheaded`I。H。T。，OreReyNituDonCarlosTercero'。
　　AmongsthisnumerousletterstoArandaandtotheKing，onedatedBuenosAyres，October14，1768，containsthefullestaccountofhisproceedingsinthemissionsandofhisviewsorofwhathethoughttobehisviewsabouttheworkinwhichhewasengaged。
　　Timewasofsmallaccountin1768eitherinParaguayorinMadrid，soBucarelirelateswithsomeprolixityallthathedid，withcomments，movementsoftroops，regrettableoccurrences
　　aswhenhissoldiersletthemselvesbesurprisedandlosttheirhorses
　　andnowandthenscrapsofmoralityandtheology，whichshowsquiteplainlythattheartofwritingmaunderingdespatchesisnotsonewasoptimistsmayhavesupposed。Quiteinthemannerofamodernspecialcorrespondent，hesetsdownallthathesufferedfromtheweather；thatitrainedincessantly，and，marvelloustotell，thatafterraintheriversrose，andgavehimdifficultytocross。Theroadswerebad，provisionsscarceanddear，andnowandthenwildIndians`massacred'
　　anoutpostofhismen，whilsthisbravefellows，whenGodwilledit，occasionally`chastised'theinfidel，andbythegraceofHeavenslewnosmallnumberofthem。Still，inthemonstrousfarragoofwords，extendingtosomesixteenpagesofcloseprint，heletsusseehewasamanofsomecapacity，butleavesitdoubtfulwhetherhereallythoughthewasengageduponanoblework，orifhewroteironically，orifhisonlyobjectwastosatisfyhisconscienceandhisKing。
　　ButmakingmuchoflittledifficultiesisbuttobeexpectedfromaleaderofanexpeditionorfromaGeneralinthefield。Withoutit，howcouldtheyjustifytheirexistence，orprovetotheworldatlargethattheywereneeded，orbutmoreimportantthanamereceremony?
　　Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos'，etc。，p。185。
　　Ceremonies，nodoubt，havetheirusesinenslavingmankind。AcourtieroncesaidtoaSpanishKing，`YourMajestyisbutaceremonyyourself。'
　　Whenthelandtroublesweregotover，andBucareli，havingarrivedatYapeyu，embarkedupontheriver，theverywindsprovedcontrary，sothatittookhimmanydaystoarriveatCandelaria，whichporthereacheduponAugust27，1768。ButbeforequittingYapeyutheGovernormadeasolemnfeast，ridinghimselfbeforehisgrenadiers，whosecaps，hesays，causedmuchamazement，theIndiansneverhavingseensuchheadgearintheirlives。Thedifficultiesofhisjourneyover，theJesuitsdispossessedandsentdown
　　streamtoberemittedhome，Bucareliinhisletternextdealswithquestionsofreligion，aboutwhichheshowshimselfaswellinformedasalltheSpanishconquerorsseemtohavebeenintheNewWorld。Ifforthedogmaofthefaithhewasabarofiron，for`coldmorality'，asScottishpreachersoftheperfervidtypeusedtorefertoit，hewasmostkeen。TheIndians'clothes，especiallythegraceful`tupoi'wornbythewomen，shockedhimexceedingly。
　　Itwasimpossibletotouchuponitwithoutanoutrageuponmodesty。
　　Masculinevirtueisamostprecariousthing，butlittle，ifatall，morestablethanitsfemalecounterpart；thereforeperhapstheGovernorwasrightnottoexposehissoldierstotemptation，sohedidwell，asheinformsus，inservingoutclotheswhichobscuredtheircharms，orperhapshidthemquitefromview。`Suchtyrannies，'
　　saysthemodestGovernor，`occasionedmanyoffencesagainstGod，andfrequentillnessesandepidemics。'Thesentenceisalittledoubtfulinitsmeaning，forifascantinessofwomen'sdressoccasionedillnessesandepidemicsamongstthepopulationofatown，BelgraviaandMayfairshouldsurelybethemostunhealthyspotsonearth；
　　thougheventhere，Iverilybelieve，nomoreoffencesagainstGodoccurthanamongsttheMoors，whosewomenshowonlytheireyestotheshrinkinggazeofeasilyoffendedmen。
　　LettertoAranda:Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos'，p。196:
　　`Ylasmujeresentalextremo，queesimpossibledemostralosinfaltaralamodestia。'
　　`Semejantestiranias'。
　　Asindutybound，BucarelikeptfortheendofhisdespatcharehashofalltheoldchargesmadeagainsttheJesuits。
　　TheykepttheIndiansinslavery，wouldneverletthemlearnSpanish，andwerethemselvesinordinatelyrich。ThefirsttwoaccusationsFatherJoseCardiel，inhis`DeclaraciondelaVerdad'，abundantlydisproves。ThelasttheGovernordisproveshimself；
　　forhadhefoundmuchtreasurehemostassuredlywouldhavemadehastetosendittotheKing。Whathedidfind，areferencelatertoBrabo'sinventorieswillshow，andthesamesourcedisclosesallthewealththerichestOrderintheworld，accordingtotheirenemies，tookwiththemintheirinvoluntaryjourneybacktoSpain。
　　AllbeingfinishedinthemissionsandtheJesuitsexpelled，BucarelifoundhimselfobligedtoinstitutesomesystemforthegovernmentoftheIndianpopulation，whichhehaddeprivedbothofitsspiritualandofitstemporalguides。
　　P。222:`YteniendopresentequeporloquemiraaestepuntoresultadelosinformesquesolohablanestosIndiossuidiomanatural，peroquenoesprohibiciondelosPP。Jesuitos，sinoporelamorquetienenasunativolenguagepuesencadaunodelospuebloshanestablecidoesculasdeleeryescriberenlenguaespan~ola，yqueporestemotivoseencuentraunnumerograndedeIndiosmuyhabilesenescribirdosdeellosetancopiandohoraestoqueyoescriboydemejorletraquelamia。'Alsopp。223
　　225，etc。
　　TheJesuits'governmenthavingbeensobad，accordingtohisowndespatch，theIndianshavingbeenkeptinsuchamiserablestate，theireducationhavingbeensoneglected，and，aboveall，theirwomenhavingbeendressedinsuchlightattirethatBucarelicouldnotwithmodestyevendescribetheirdress，itmighthaveseemedbutnaturalthatheshouldhaveevolvedsomesystemofgovernmentdifferinginallrespectsfromthathehaddestroyed。Sofarfromthat，inhisinstructionstohisinterimsuccessor，datedatCandelaria，August23，1768，hepracticallyfollowedslavishlyallthepolicywhichtheJesuitshadpursued。HeorderedCaptainsRivaHerreraandBrunodeZavala，towhomthearrangementswerecommitted，toseethattheIndianswereinstructed`inthetrueknowledgeofourholyfaith'，aworkwhichtheJesuits，whatevermightbetheirfaults，hadnotneglectedtoinsure。
　　Aftersomeplatitudesastothevivifyingeffectsoffreeandopentrade，andaninjunctiontohiscaptainstotakecaretheIndiangirlsweredecorouslyandvirtuouslydressed，helaunchedintoasermonabouthonestwork，which，ashesaid，wouldmaketheIndiansrich，happy，andvirtuous，andalonecouldevermakeakingdomprosper；
　　infact，heusedalmostpreciselysimilarlanguagetothatto
　　dayusedbyaEuropeanGovernorinAfricawhenabouttomakeapeopleslaves。
　　Onthewhole，however，hisinstructionswerewiseandliberal，andhadtheybeencarriedoutinthesamespirit，andwithfidelity，theIndiansmighthavelongcontinuedinthesamehalf
　　Arcadian，half
　　ChristianstateinwhichtheJesuitsleftthem，andtowhichitseemstheycouldattain，butnotgofartherwithoutexposuretothatvivifyingcommercewithoutwhichnationscannotprosper，butwithwhichthegreaterportionoftheircitizensmustremaineverslaves。
　　Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos'，etc。，p。200。
　　Theinstructionsgiven，heleftthemissionsnevertoreturn，leavingbehindhimthereputationofanhonestman，havingmade，asitwouldappear，nomoneyduringhissojournintheirterritories。
　　OnOctober20，1768，hewrotefromBuenosAyrestoAranda，tellinghimthathisworkwasdone，andaskinghimasaparticularfavourtoimploretheKingtogivehimsomeemployment`outofAmerica，andparticularlynotundereitherthesecretaryshiportheCounciloftheIndies。'1
　　Thusitappearsthateithertheworkinwhichhehadbeenengagedwasuncongenialtohim，orhemistrustedthefutureandtheIndianswhentheJesuits'shelteringhandshadbeenwithdrawn，andthoughttheKingmightblamehimforwhatwassuretocome。
　　Onepassageinhisletterofinstructionsshowsthattheantique，butstillcurrent，fashionofgoingtoanylengthtoobtainacountryinwhicharesituatedevensupposititiousgold
　　mineshaditsinfluenceevenwithsuchanhonestmanasBucareliwas。Hespeciallyenjoinsupontheofficialsleftincharge`tofindoutfromwhatquartertheIndiansofthosetownsextractthosepiecesofthepreciousmetalswhichtheysometimesbringtotheirpriests。'SothatthefableofthefalseminesstartedbyCardenas，althoughathousandtimesdisproved，stilllingeredinthemindsofthosewhocouldnotunderstandwhatmotiveexceptthatofgrowingrichcouldcausetheJesuitstoburythemselvesintherecessesoftheParaguayanwoods。ThereleasefromthingsAmericanandunderthejurisdictionoftheCounciloftheIndiesdidnotcometoBucareliforalmosttwomoreyears，duringwhichtimehestruggledmanfullywiththeaffairsoftheJesuitmissions，repelledtheChacoIndiansononeside，andontheotherimploredfortroopstodefendtheislandofChiloeagainstthehereticEnglish，whoatthattimeappeartohavebeenmeditatingtheadvancementoftheirempireintheextremestsouth。OnecuriousletterwasreservedforBucarelitoinditebeforehequittedBuenosAyresforthelasttime。
　　OnJanuary15，1770，hesentalongdeclarationsignedbythecelebratedNicolasNeenguiruandotherIndians，givinganaccountofthepartplayedbyhimintheabortiveresistancewhichhemadeagainstthecessionoftheseventowns。ThisisthelasttimethatNicolas，the`King'ofParaguayand`EmperoroftheMamelucos'，appearsinanydocumentasfarasIcanfind。HisnameatonetimewaswellknowninParaguay，theRiverPlateandSpain，andservedtofathermanyliesupon；andatthelast，theJesuitsgone，heseemstohaveturnedagainstthem，andsaidallthatwasrequiredbyBucarelitogetuphiscase。
　　ItappearsfromBucareli'sletterthatthefamilyoftheNeenguiruhadbeenwellknowninthemissionsfromthetimeofCardenas。
　　In17702wefindhimshornofhiskinglyandimperialdignities，themayorofConcepcioninParaguay，tall，taciturn，withlong，lankhair，andmuchrespectedbyhisbrotherIndians，whoheldhisstirrupforhimwhenhegotuponhishorse。TofindhiminthehumourtogivetongueabouttheJesuitswasatrump
　　cardinBucareli'shand，forifitcouldbeprovedthatin1750theyhadresistedtheforcesofthecrownofSpain，thepublic，alwaysanxioustobelievealie，wouldnaturallyapplaudtheactionoftheKingintheirexpulsionfromhisterritories。Nicolas，whoseemstohavebeenbutapoorcreatureatthebest，testifiedthateverythingwhichhehaddoneasGeneraloftheIndianswasbytheorderofFathersLimpandEnnis，andthathewasapoorIndianwhodidbutthatwhichhewastold。
　　HefinisheduphistestimonywiththankstothegoodKingforhavingtakenhimoutofthepoweroftheJesuits，andkepthiminhispostofmayoratConcepcion。Infact，allwasthesametohimaslongashewasleftwithhisalcalde'sstaff。3
　　1`Ysobretodo，fueradelaAmericaylibredeSecretariayConsejodeIndias。'Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos'，etc。:
　　LetterofBucarelitoAranda，p。231。
　　2Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos'，etc。，p。280。
　　3ThealcaldesofIndianvillagesusuallyhavealongcanewithasilverhead，likethoseformerlycarriedbyfootmen，asabadgeoftheiroffice。InremoteplacesIhaveseenthem，withtheircanesintheirhands，abatteredtallhatupontheirheads，alinenjacketandtrousers，andbarefooted，ridingonanox，andthoughtthattheyservedtomaintainthemajestyofthelawquiteaswellasiftheyhadhadstuffgowns，horsehairwigs，andhadbeenseatedonasackofwool。
　　UponAugust14，1778，BucarelisailedforSpain，leavingDonJuanJoseVertizashissuccessorintheviceroyaltyoftheprovincesoftheRiverPlate。
　　ThemissionswereallplacedunderthecareoffriarsofthebeggingOrders，chieflyFranciscans，andthesystemoftheJesuitgovernmentwasleftunchanged。In1771，writingfromSanLorenzoelEscorialinSpain，Bucareli，whoseemedfatednevertoescapefromtheaffairsofParaguay，sendsalongconstitutionforthethirtytownswhichfollowsalltheJesuits'
　　rulesofgovernmenttothelasttittleoftheirpolicy。Brabohaspreservedthedocument，whichrunstoforty
　　sevenpagesofcloseprintinitsentirety。
　　Acarefullythought
　　outandwell
　　conceiveddigestofaconstitutionitmostcertainlyis，andyetitfollowstothemostminuteparticularthepolicytheJesuitslaiddown。
　　DeanFunesseemedtoseethattheflatteringofNicolasNeenguiruandtheotherIndianchiefswasanentireaffairofartifice，andthatitwasbutamerecrowningofthevictimswhoweredestinedtobesacrificed。ItmaybethattheconstitutionmadebyBucareliattheEscorialwassimilarlybutablindtokeeptheIndiansquiettilltheGovernmenthadtimetoexploitthematitsease。
　　Still，Bucareliinallhisactionsseemstohavebeenanhonestman；
　　oneofthosehonest，narrow
　　mindedmenwhohavesownmoremiseryintheworldthanalltheroguesandscoundrelssincetheflood。Beallthatasitmay，hisconstitutioninathousandwaysrecalledtheJesuits'polityintheirdaysofrule。InaformerchapterIhavepointedoutacuriousinstanceinwhichthisconstitutiontraversesentirelystatementsmadebytheJesuits'enemiesthattheirexclusivepolicywasfortheirownends，andnot，astheyalleged，fortheprotectionoftheIndians。
　　ButthereareotherinstancesquiteasremarkablewhichshowthattheJesuitsnotonlyhadgraspedperfectlywhatthebestcourseoftreatmentwasfortheirsubjects，butthattheofficialmindofBucareli，trainedashewas，sotospeak，inthestrictestsectofPharisees，andprejudicedagainsttheJesuitsineveryway，yetdiscernedclearlyasanhonestmanthattheplantheyhadlaiddownwasthemostsuitableforfuturerulerstopursue。
　　Vol。iii。，bookv。，cap。viii。，p。130`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivildelParaguay'，etc。:`LosCaciquesycorregidoresqueacompan~abanaBucareli，habiansidoalhagadosportodoslosartificiosdesugestion。
　　Estoa/laverdad，noeramasquecoronarlasvictimas，quesedestinabanalsacrificio。'
　　ChapterIX。
　　AtthetimeofforminghisconstitutionhehadbeengonebutscarceayearfromBuenosAyres，andyethewritescomplainingbitterlyofwhatwashappeninginthemissionsofParaguay。Hepointsoutthatallhistroublewillhavebeeninvain`iftheGovernorandhislieutenantsarenotstimulatedtoaddressthemselvestotheserviceofGodandoftheKing，withthatzealwhicheveryoneshouldimparttohisduty。'
　　Then，afterapuffpreliminaryofthebeautyoffreedom，humanandDivine，hesetsforthhowtheIndiansareinfuturetoberuled。
　　First，asindutybound，hepointsoutthatanythingsavouringofcommunismisagainstthelawsofHeavenandofman；thattheIndiansintheirsemi
　　communismwerereallyslaves，theindustriousworkingfortheidle，andsoforth；thattheirclotheswerescanty；
　　thattheywerenotallowedtofreelymixwithSpaniards，andwerekeptaraceapart。Thenlikeaprudentstatesmanhavingmadehisapologia`proexistentiasua'，andblownoffmuchvirtuoussteam，hecomestobusiness，andbusiness，asweknow，isthegreatsobereroftheorists，nomatteronwhatsidetheytheorize。
　　Brabo，p。304。
　　AfterthearticletowhichIhavereferredinChapterIX。comesthismostcuriousparagraph，takeninconnectionwiththeinalienablerightwhich，accordingtohimself，theIndianshadoffreecommunicationwiththeouterworld:1`AndbecauseIaminformedthatmanyIndianswhohavebeenabsentinthearmyofthePortuguese，andhaveresidedforlengthenedperiodsinRioPardo，Viamontandotherparts，havereturnedtotheirtowns，youwilltakecarethatallthesewiththeirfamiliesshallberemovedtothosetownseitherintheinteriorordistantfromthosefrontiers，asitisnotconvenientthattheyshouldremainonthemthefrontiersorclosetothem；
　　andthusyouwillproceedsuccessivelywiththeIndianswhoreturn，withoutleavingone，inordertoavoidanychanceofcommunication，whichmightbemostprejudicial。'SurelyasatireonhisownabuseoftheJesuitsforkeepingtheIndiansmewedupfromintercoursewiththeoutsideworld。ItmaybethathehadperceivedtheIndianswerenotfittoholdtheirown；indeed，itiscertainhehaddoneso，foronp。326hewrites，`ItisnotconvenienttoleavethemtheIndians
　　entireliberty，2foritwouldbeintheextremefatalandprejudicialtotheirinterests，becausetheastutenessandsagacityoftheSpaniardswouldtriumpheasilyovertheirrusticity。'`Sagacity'isaningeniouseuphuism，andmightwellbeusedwithgoodeffectinthelikecircumstances，whenoccasionserves，to
　　day。
　　ButasnosinglearticleofanydocumentsetforthbyanyGovernmentcanbestraightforwardandsingleinitspurpose，andasalllawsaremadewithaneyeuponsomepartypresentlyinpower，aftertheparagraphjustquoted，onthenextpageoccursthefollowingsentenceundertheheadof`CommercewiththeSpaniardsistobefree'。3
　　`ItislaiddownthatbetweentheIndiansandtheSpaniardscommerceshouldbefree，inorderthatmutualdealingsshouldunitetheminfriendship。'Thereforetotheordinaryminditisimpossibletomakeoutwhatreallywasintended，andwhethercommercewastobefreeornot。Thoselittledifferencesapart，theconstitutionranentirelyuponJesuitlines。Thatsemi
　　communismwhichwassoprejudicialduringtheJesuits'rulewasformallyre
　　organizedinchapteriv。oftheconstitutionp。343theinstantthattheirpowerwasplacedinotherhands。EventheprohibitiontotheSpaniardstoentertheJesuittowns，andresidethere，wasformallykeptupinchapteriii。，withthesolealterationthatforthreemonthsoftheyeartheymightresideamongsttheIndiansoncertainwell
　　definedconditionsmostprolixlysetforth。Sothatitwillbeseenthat，iftheJesuitsdidill，asusual，anyilltheydidwascarefullyperpetuatedbytheirsuccessors，and，quiteasnaturally，allthattheystrovetodoinfavouroftheIndianswasmostcarefullyundone。
　　1Brabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos'，p。320:`YporqueestoyinformadoquemuchosIndiosdelosquesehabianausentadoconlastropasPortuguesas，yquehanresididoporgrantiempoenelRioPardo，Viamont，yotraspartessehanrestituidoasuspueblos，ciudaran……dequetodosestosconsusfamiliesserantrasladosalosmasinterioresodistantesdeaquellasfronteraspornoserconvenientesemantenganenellasosusinmediaciones，yasienlosucesivoloejecutaran……conlosIndiosqueserestituyan，sindejaralguno，paraevitartodomotivodecommunicacionquepuedesermuyprejudicial。'
　　2`Noconvienedejarlesunaenteralibertad，queseriaporextremofatalyprejudiciala/susinteresespueslaastuciaysagacidaddelosespan~olestriumfariafacilementedesurudeza。'
　　3Brabo，`Bucareli'sInstructions'，p。327:`Queelcommerciodelosespan~oleshadeserlibre。'
　　ChapterXI
　　ConclusionItisthefashionofsometosaythathistory，ofwhatevernature，canbutbewrittendispassionatelyataperiodsufficientlyremovedfromtheeventsofwhichittreatstohaveallowedtheheatofpassiontoevaporate。Thisisasfalseasalmosteveryotherdictumwhichmentakeontrust，forgettingthattohavepassedintotheproverbialstageasayingmusthavebeenfoolishatthestart，inorderthatitshouldhavegotitselfcommendedbythemajorityofmankind。
　　Theheatofpassionneverevaporatesinregardtoeventswhichattheepochoftheiractingcausedgreatcontroversies。
　　Fromwritingsofcontemporariesthecoolest
　　headedtakeabias，inthesamewaythatmenunconsciouslypassonthemicrobesofdiseasetotheirbestfriends。Onlyfrominventoriesandrollsofcourt，StatePapersandthelikeisitpossibletogetunbiassedmatter，andeventhenfigures，thosechiefdeceiversofmankind，canbewellcookedfororagainst，accordingtothebiasofthemanwhodrawsthemup。Still，whentheyaredrawnupbyenemies，theyoftenquiteunwittinglyshowoutthetruth。InaletterdatedOctober30，1768，BucarelisendsalisttoArandaoftheeffectsofmanyoftheJesuitstakenfromParaguayandsentbyhimtoSpain。ThelistitselfspeaksvolumesindefenceoftheJesuitsinParaguay。Whatevermayhavebeentheirfaults，theGovernorhimselforevenCharlesIII。couldnothavechargeduponthecapturedprieststhattheyhadgottogetheralargestockofpropertyduringtheirmissionlife。1Thefirstuponthelist，P。PedroZabaleta，tooktenshirts，twopillow
　　cases，twosheets，threepocket
　　handkerchiefs，twopairsofshoes，twopairsofsocks，andapoundandahalfofsnuff。
　　Theotherswereingenerallesswellsetupwithshirts，2somefewhadcloaks，andoneP。SigismundoGrieraanightcap；butallofthemhadtheirsnuff，theonlyrelicoftheirluxuriousmissionlife。
　　ManuelVergara，theirProvincial，testifiesinapapersentwiththelistthatmostoftheclothesweretakenfromthecommonstock，andallthesnuff。Whatsortoftreatmenttheyenduredupontheirpassageinthetwofrigates`SanFernando'and`SanNicolas'isquiteunknown，butcertainlytheirluggagecouldnothavebeenintheway；
　　andfortheirsnuff，nodoubttheyhusbandeditwithcareduringthelongtwomonths，whichinthosedayswasthoughtarecordrun。3
　　Inthemissionswhichtheyhadsolongtendedwithsuchcare，givingtheirmuddle
　　headedlovetotheIndiansintheirMachiavelianway，allwasconfusioninthespaceofsixshortmonths。
　　DeanFunesandDonFelizdeAzara4aretheonlytwocontemporarywriterswhotreatoftheexpulsionoftheJesuitsfromParaguayoutsidetheofficialworld。TheDean，amanoftheoldschool，waskindlyandhumane，welleducated，and，havingbeenbroughtupinTucumanamongstanIndianpopulation，lookedontheIndiansinakindlywayasfellow
　　creatures，thoughdifferinginessentialpointsfromraceswhichhadbeenforcenturiesexposedtocivilizationanditseffects。
　　HisdescriptionoftheIndianshasforveracityandobservationnotoftenbeensurpassed。`Thosenatives5hesaysareofapalecolour，wellmade，andwellsetup。Theirtalentandcapacityarecapableofmuchadvancement。Thoughtheylackinventioninthemselves，yetaretheyexcellentinimitation。Idlenessseemsnaturaltothem，althoughitmaybemoretheeffectofhabitthanoftemperament；
　　theirinclinationtowardsacquiringknowledgeisdecided，andnoveltyhasitsfulleffectupontheirminds。Ambitiousofcommand，theyacquitthemselveswithhonourinthepositionstowhichtheymayattain。
　　Eloquenceisheldamongsttheminthefirstplace，andavariceinnorespectdegradestheirminds。Aninjuriouswordoffendsthemmorethanpunishments，whichtheysolicitratherthanundergotheformeroutrage。
　　Incontinencyintheirwomentheylookuponbutwithindifference，andevenhusbandsarelittlesensibletoactsofinfidelity。
　　Conjugallovehasbutslightinfluenceuponthetreatmentwhichtheygivetheirwives。Fathersoffamiliescarefortheirsonsbutlittle。TheserenityofmindofalltheseIndiansinthemidstofthegreatesttroublesiswithoutequalintheworld；
　　neverasighwiththemtakesoffthebitternessofsuffering。'
　　1TheParaguayanJesuitswereallowedtotakeawayalltheirpersonalproperty，anditappearsthattheydidso。
　　2CayetanoIbarguenhadonlytwo，P。LorenzoBaldathree，andsoonBrabo，`ColecciondeDocumentos'，p。388。
　　3Solateas1818Rengger，inhis`EssaiHistoriquesurlaRe/volutionduParaguay'，etc。，talksofarrivinginBuenosAyres`apre\suncourttrajetdesoixantejours。'FromthencetoCorrienteshetooksevenweeks，butdoesnotsayifthepassagewasconsideredshortorlong。
　　4Funes，`EnsayoCriticodelaHistoriaCivildelParaguay'，etc。；
　　DonFelizdeAzara，`DescripcionyHistoriadelParaguay'，etc。；
　　andalso`MemoriassobreelestadoruraldelRiodelaPlataen1801'。
　　5`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil'，vol。i。，bookii。，p。341。
　　NoonewhoknowstheIndiansbutmustconfessthatDeanFuneshadmadeastudyoftheircharacterdeeperthanishisown。
　　Azara，ontheotherhand，wasamanofscience；hisbooksuponthebirdsandquadrupedsofParaguaystillholdthefield，andareesteemedforcuriousandminuteobservationandaccuracyastoscientificfacts。Themanhimselfwasanextremelyablewriter，acaptainintheSpanishnavy，andwelleducated。
　　FortwentyyearsheservedinParaguayandintheRiverPlate，withcredittohimselfandprofittothecountrywhichheserved。
　　EducatedashewasintheschooloftheEncyclopaedists，amongstthestrictestofthephariseesofLiberalism，tohimtheverynameofJesuitwasanathema。Afterthefashionofhiskind，heseemedunabletodistinguishbetweentheschemingJesuitsatEuropeancourtsandthesimpleandhard
　　workingmissionariesinParaguay。
　　Allwereanathema，andthereforealltheirsystemwasrepugnanttohim；
　　andthoughakindlyman，asissetforthabundantlyinallhisworks，heneverpausedtothinkthattherecouldbeadifferencebetweenhisidealfreeLiberalcitizen，votingandexercisingallhisrightofcitizenshipinafreecommonwealth，afterthefashionofadormousefreelyexercisinghisnaturalfunctionsinthereceiverofanair
　　pump，andasimpleIndianoftheParaguayanwoods。
　　Freedomtohim，asithasbeentomanytheorists，wasanabstractthing，possessingwhichaman，eventhoughstarving，mustinitsmerepossessionfindtruehappiness。Heneverpausedtoinquire，asevenBucarelidid，ifthemissionIndianscouldholdtheirownunderfreecompetitionwiththe`sagacity'ofthesurroundingSpanishsettlers。
　　ThereforeheistheauthoritywhomLiberalsalwaysquoteagainstthesystemoftheJesuits。Whenheinveighsagainsttheirsemi
　　communism，themodernLiberalclapshishands，andseesakindredDanielcometojudgment，ashewoulddoto
　　dayifinDamaralandtheGermanssetupaSocialisticsettlementamongstthenegrotribes，andsomeLiberaleconomistdenounceditwithanoath。Azaraquiteforgetsthat，asDeanFunessays，the`sentimentofpropertywasveryweakamongsttheIndians，'
　　andthattheirmindswere`notdegradedbytheviceofavarice。'
　　Still，Azarawasanhonestman
　　akeenobserverandimpartial，asfarashisupbringingandthetenetshehadimbibedinyouthpermittedhimtobe。UponthequestionoftheJesuitshewasentirelyprejudiced，althoughfewhavestoodupmorestoutlytocondemnthefaultysystemwhichtheSpaniardspursuedtowardstheIndiansinbothAmericas。ButonaccountofhispoliticalproclivitiesAzaraisquitesilentastothestateintowhichthemissionsfellaftertheJesuitshadbeenexpelled。Nodoubthethoughtthat，oncetheirfaultysystemwasremoved，theIndianswouldsoonbecomewhathejudgedcivilized，andholdtheirownwiththosearoundthem，thoughofanotherraceandblood。
　　Funes，uponthecontrary，fullyexposesalltherapacityandincompetenceofthenewshepherdsleftbyBucarelitoguardtheJesuits'sheep。
　　`IgnorantofGuarani，andwithoutpatiencetoacquireit，confusionreignedinthemissionsasinatowerofBabel，'
　　andhegoesontosay`animperioustoneoforderwassubstitutedforthepaternalmanneroftheJesuits，andasadeafmanwhocannothearhastobetaughtbyblows，thatwastheteachingtheytheIndians
　　hadtobear。'Shortly，hesays，`awallofhatredandcontemptbegantorisebetweentheIndiansandtheirmasters；andthepriests，whobythevirtueoftheirofficeoughttohavebeentheministersofpeace，beingwithoutinfluencetocommand……andnotentirelyirreproachableintheirministry……addedthemselvestothediscordanddissensionwhicharose。'
　　Funes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil'，etc。，bookv。，cap。viii。，p。133。
　　Bucareli，assoonasheknewwhatwasgoingon，advisedthatallthepriestsappointedbyhimselfshouldbereplacedbyothers。Thisaccordinglywasdone，butitwaseventhentoolate:themissionswentfrombadtoworse；
　　ofthevastquantitiesofcattlefewwereleft；thepriestsfollowedtheexampleoftheirprototypesHofniandPhineas，wentaboutarmed，tookIndianmistresses，andneglectedallreligiousduties，treatingtheIndiansafterthefashionoftheSpaniardsinthesettlements。
　　ThustheArcadianlife，whichhadsubsistedmorethantwohundredyears，inthebriefspaceoftwoshortyearswaslost。
　　Thevastestancias，inwhichattheexpulsionmorethanamillionheadofcattlepastured，werebutbareplains，inwhichthecattlethatwerelefthadallrunwildorperishedfromneglect。
　　Wildbeastsroamedroundtheoutskirtsofthehalf
　　desertedtowns。
　　Adenselowscrubofyataisandofpalmettosinvadedallthepasture
　　lands，andintheerstwhilecultivatedfieldsrankweedssprangup，andchokedthecropswhichintheJesuits'timeshadmadethemissionterritoriesthemostproductiveoftheAmericanpossessionsoftheSpanishcrown。
　　Thechurcheswereunserved，andintheeveningairnomorethehymnsresounded，nordidthelongwhite
　　robedprocessionsheadedbyacrosspasstothefieldstopeacefullabour，marshalledbytheirpriests。Thefruit
　　treesroundthemissionswereeitherallcutdownforfirewoodorhaddegenerated，andtheplantationsoftheIlexParaguayensis，fromwhichtheymadetheir`yerba'，whichhadbeenbroughtfromtheup
　　countryforestswithvastpains，wereindecay，andquiteuncultivated。
　　Brabo，`Inventarios'，Appendix，p。669。
　　Demersay`HistoireduParaguay'，writingin1847，saysofthemissionofLaCruzhesawafewtreesstillstandinginamiserablestate。
　　TheIndianpopulationhadalmostdisappearedwithinthespaceofeight
　　and
　　twentyyears。TheGuaraniscollectedfromthewoodswithsomuchefforttothemissionary，thenguideddowntheParanabythemostnobleandself
　　sacrificingoftheirpriests，RuizMontoya，andafterthatredeemedwithbloodfromthefierceMamelucobands，hadshrunkawaybeforethebanefulbreathofunaccustomedcontactwiththecivilizingwhites。
　　Funes，`EnsayodelaHistoriaCivil'，etc。，bookvi。，cap。viii。，p。395。
　　Thesimpleceremonious，ifperhapsfutile，mission
　　lifehadwitheredupatthefirsttouchofvivifyingcompetition
　　thatcompetitionwhichhasmadethewholeworldgray，reducingeverythingandeveryonetothemostbaseandcommonestdenominator。
　　Theself
　　createdgoddessProgresswasjustifiedbyworks，andallthelandleftbarren，waitingthetimewhenfactoriesshallpolluteitssky，andrendermiserabletheEuropeanemigrants，who，flyingfromtheirslaveryathome，shallhavefounditwaitingforthemintheirnewparadisebeyondtheseas。
　　Theworld，itwouldappear，isavastclass
　　room，anditsCreatorbutaprofessorofpoliticaleconomy，apparentlyunabletocarryouthistheorieswitheffect。Therefore，tous，theWesternEuropeans，hehasturnedforhelp，anduponusdevolvedthetaskofextirpatingallthosepeoplesuponwhomhetriedhis'prenticehand。Onushelaidinjunctionstoincreaseathome，andtothehappierportionsoftheworldtocarrydeathundertheguiseoflifeunsuitabletothoseintowhoselandswespread。
　　LetthosemadecruelbythewantofsympathywithmenthatthemereporingoverbookssooftensuperinducesinthemindprotestwhenjudgingoftheJesuitsinParaguayagainsttheoutragedonetotheirtheoriesbytheschemetheJesuitspursued。
　　Ithasbeennoblysaid`thattheextinctionofthesmallestanimalisafargreaterlossthaniftheworksofalltheGreekshadperished。'
　　HowmuchthegreaterlossthatofatypeofmansuchastheIndians，whomthesemi
　　communisticJesuitgovernmentsuccessfullypreserved，shelteringthemfromthedeath
　　dealingbreathofourcoldnorthernlifeanditsfull，felleffects!
　　Hudson，`NaturalistinLaPlata'。
　　Therearethose，nodoubt，whothinkthatatreebroughtfromthetropicsshouldbeplantedoutathome，totakeitschanceoflifeinthekeenwinterofthenorth，inholycompetitionwiththeashandoak；
　　andifitdies，therearestillpinesenough，withstoresofdogwood，thicketsofelder，andawildernessofjunipers。Theymayberight；
　　but，afterall，thatwhichhasfeltthetropicsunisforthetropics，andtogrowunderthetantalizingsunshineofthenorth，whichlightsbutdoesnotwarm，itmusthaveglass，andshelterfromthecold。
　　Butofaforethoughttodeliberatelytransplantourfogsandchillingatmosphere，andsotonipandkillplantswhichcraveonlythesuntolive，thatisacrimeagainsthumanity；
　　acrimeposteritywithexecrationwillonedaytauntuswith，andholdusuptoexecration，asweto
　　dayinourhypocrisypiouslycursethememoriesofPizarroandCortes。
　　Intheeternalwarfarebetweenthosewhothinkthatprogress
　　whichtothemmeanstramwaysandelectriclight
　　ispreferabletoaquietlifeoffutilehappinessofmindthereisscanttruce，sothatmyreadershavetotaketheirchoicewhethertosidewithFunesorAzarainjudgingoftheJesuits'ruleinParaguay。Thereisnomiddlecoursebetweentheoldandnew；nohalting
　　place；nochinkinwhichimaginationcandriveinitsnailtostopthewheelsoftime；therefore，nodoubt，theJesuitcommonwealthwasdoomedtodisappear。Butformyself，Iamgladthatfive
　　and
　　twentyyearsagoIsawtheIndianswhostilllingeredabouttheruinedmissiontowns，mumblingtheirmaimedriteswhentheAngelusateventideawoketheechoesoftheencroachingwoods，whilstscreechingcrowdsofparrotsandmacawshoveredaroundthedate
　　palmswhichintheplazarearedtheirslenderheads，silentmemorialsofthedepartedJesuits'rule。
　　IndiansandJesuitsaregonefromParaguay，theIndianstothatTrapalandawhichistheirappointedplace；andfortheJesuits，theyareforgotten，exceptbythosewhodiveintooldchronicles，orwhowritebooks，proposingsomethingandconcludingnothing，orbytravellers，who，wanderingintheTarumensianwoods，comeonaclumpoforange
　　treesrunwildamongsttheurundeys。
　　FINISNONCORONATOPUS
　　Abouttheauthor:
　　RobertBontineCunninghameGraham1852
　　1936
　　BorninLondon。LivedinArgentina，mostlyranching，from1869to1883，whenhereturnedtoScotland。MemberoftheBritishHouseofCommonsforNorthWestLanark1886
　　1892。Strongsocialisttendencies。
　　WaselectedfirstpresidentoftheScottishLabourPartyin1888，firstpresidentoftheNationalPartyofScotlandin1928，andfirstHonoraryPresidentoftheScottishNationalPartyin1934。
　　DiedinArgentina。Hewasthemodelforanumberoffictionalcharactersinbooksbyhisfriend，JosephConrad，andalsobyG。