andthenhefilledupthehole,andraisedoveritasmallmoundwiththeearthwhichhadbeenremoved.Heretheceremonyended,unaccompaniedbyanyinvocationtoasuperiorbeing,oranyattendantcircumstancewhenceaninferenceoftheirreligiousopinionscouldbededuced.
　　[*NosolutionofthisdifficultyhadbeengivenwhenIleftthecountry,inDecember,1791.Ican,therefore,onlyproposequeriesfortheingenuityofotherstoexerciseitselfupon:isitadiseaseindigenoustothecountry?
　　DidtheFrenchshipsunderMonsieurdePeyrouseintroduceit?Letitberememberedthattheyhadnowbeendepartedmorethanayear;andwehadneverheardofitsexistenceonboardofthem.Hadittravelledacrossthecontinentfromitswesternshore,whereDampierandotherEuropeanvoyagershadformerlylanded?WasitintroducedbyMr.Cook?Didwegiveitbirthhere?NopersonamongushadbeenafflictedwiththedisordersincewehadquittedtheCapeofGoodHope,seventeenmonthsbefore.
　　Itistrue,thatoursurgeonshadbroughtoutvariolousmatterinbottles;
　　buttoinferthatitwasproducedfromthiscausewereasuppositionsowildastobeunworthyofconsideration.]
　　Anuninhabitedhouse,nearthehospital,wasallottedfortheirreception,andacradlepreparedforeachofthem.BytheencouragementofArabanoo,whoassuredthemofprotection,andthesoothingbehaviourofourmedicalgentlemen,theybecameatoncereconciledtous,andlookedhappyandgratefulatthechangeoftheirsituation.Sicknessandhungerhad,however,somuchexhaustedtheoldman,thatlittlehopewasentertainedofhisrecovery.Ashepointedfrequentlytohisthroat,attheinstanceofArabanoo,hetriedtowashitwithagarglewhichwasgiventohim;
　　buttheobstructed,tenderstateofthepartrendereditimpracticable.
　　'Bado,bado'water,washiscry:whenbroughttohim,hedranklargelyatintervalsofit.Hewasequallyimportunateforfire,beingseizedwithshiveringfits;andonewaskindled.Fishwereproduced,totempthimtoeat;butheturnedawayhishead,withsignsofloathing.
　　Nanbareetheboy,onthecontrary,nosoonersawthemthanheleapedfromhiscradle,andeagerlyseizingthem,begantocookthem.Awarmbathbeingprepared,theywereimmersedinit;andafterbeingthoroughlycleansed,theyhadcleanshirtsputonthem,andwereagainlaidinbed.
　　Theoldmanlivedbutafewhours.Heborethepangsofdissolutionwithpatientcomposure;andthoughhewassensibletothelastmoment,expiredalmostwithoutagroan.Nanbareeappearedquiteunmovedattheevent;
　　andsurveyedthecorpseofhisfatherwithoutemotion,simplyexclaiming,'boee'dead.Thissurprisedus;asthetendernessandanxietyoftheoldmanabouttheboyhadbeenverymoving.Althoughbarelyabletoraisehishead,whilesomuchstrengthwaslefttohim,hekeptlookingintohischild'scradle;hepattedhimgentlyonthebosom;and,withdyingeyes,seemedtorecommendhimtoourhumanityandprotection.NanbareewasadoptedbyMr.White,surgeon-generalofthesettlement,andbecamehenceforthoneofhisfamily.
　　Arabanoohadnosoonerheardofthedeathofhiscountryman,thanhehastenedtointerhim.Iwaspresentattheceremony,incompanywiththegovernor,captainBall,andtwoorthreeotherpersons.Itdiffered,bytheaccountsofthosewhowerepresentatthefuneralofthegirl,innorespectfromwhathadpassedthereinthemorning,exceptthatthegravewasdugbyaconvict.ButIwasinformed,thatwhenintelligenceofthedeathreachedArabanoo,heexpressedhimselfwithdoubtwhetherheshouldbury,orburnthebody;andseemedsolicitoustoascertainwhichceremonywouldbemostgratifyingtothegovernor.
　　Indeed,Arabanoo'sbehaviour,duringthewholeofthetransactionsofthisday,wassostronglymarkedbyaffectiontohiscountryman,andbyconfidenceinus,thatthegovernorresolvedtofreehimfromallfartherrestraint,andatoncetotrusttohisgenerosity,andtheimpressionwhichourtreatmentofhimmighthavemade,forhisfutureresidenceamongus:thefetterwasaccordinglytakenoffhisleg.
　　Intheevening,captainBallandIcrossedtheharbour,andburiedthecorpseofthewomanbeforementioned.
　　Distresscontinuedtodrivetheminuponus.Twomorenatives,oneofthemayoungman,andtheotherhissister,agirloffourteenyearsold,werebroughtinbythegovernor'sboat,inamostdeplorablestateofwretchednessfromthesmallpox.ThesympathyandaffectionofArabanoo,whichhadappearedlanguidintheinstanceofNanbareeandhisfather,heremanifestedthemselvesimmediately.Weconjecturedthatadifferenceofthetribestowhichtheybelongedmightcausethepreference;butnothingafterwardshappenedtostrengthenorconfirmsuchasupposition.
　　Theyoungmandiedattheendofthreedays:thegirlrecovered,andwasreceivedasaninmate,withgreatkindness,inthefamilyofMrsJohnson,theclergyman'swife.HernamewasBooron;butfromourmistakeofpronunciationsheacquiredthatofAbaroo,bywhichshewasgenerallyknown,andbywhichshewillalwaysbecalledinthiswork.
　　Sheshewed,atthedeathofherbrothermorefeelingthanNanbareehadwitnessedforthelossofhisfather.Whenshefoundhimdying,shecrepttohisside,andlaybyhimuntilforcedbythecoldtoretire.
　　Noexclamation,orothersignofgrief,however,escapedherforwhathadhappened.
　　May1789.Atsunset,ontheeveningofthe2dinstant,thearrivalthe'Sirius',CaptainHunter,fromtheCapeofGoodHope,wasproclaimed,anddiffuseduniversaljoyandcongratulation.Thedayoffaminewasatleastprocrastinatedbythesupplyofflourandsaltprovisionsshebroughtus.
　　The'Sirius'hadmadeherpassagetotheCapeofGoodHope,bytherouteofCapeHorn,inexactlythirteenweeks.Herhighestlatitudewas57degrees10minutessouth,wheretheweatherprovedintolerablycold.Ice,ingreatquantity,wasseenformanydays;andinthemiddleofDecemberwhichiscorrespondenttothemiddleofJune,inourhemisphere,waterfrozeinopencasksupondeck,inthemoderatelatitudeof44degrees.
　　TheywereverykindlytreatedbytheDutchgovernor,andamplysuppliedbythemerchantsattheCape,wheretheyremainedsevenweeks.TheirpassagebackwaseffectedbyVanDiemen'sLand,nearwhich,andcloseunderTasman'sHead,theywereintheutmostperilofbeingwrecked.
　　Inthislongrun,whichhadextendedroundthecircle,theyhadalwaysdeterminedtheirlongitude,tothegreatestnicety,bydistancestakenbetweenthesunandmoon,orbetweenthemoonandastar.ButitfallstothelotofveryfewshipstopossesssuchindefatigableandaccurateobserversasCaptainHunter,andMr.nowCaptainBradley,thefirstlieutenantofthe'Sirius'.
　　Ifeelassured,thatIhavenoreaderwhowillnotjoininregrettingtheprematurelossofArabanoo,whodiedofthesmallpoxonthe18thinstant,afterlanguishinginitsixdays.Fromsomeimperfectmarksandindentsonhisface,wewereinclinedtobelievethathehadpassedthisdreadeddisorder.Evenwhenthefirstsymptomsofsicknessseizedhim,wecontinuedwillingtohopethattheyproceededfromadifferentcause.
　　Butatlengththediseaseburstforthwithirresistiblefury.
　　Itweresuperfluoustosay,thatnothingwhichmedicalskillandunremittingattentioncouldperform,wereleftunexertedtomitigatehissufferings,andprolongalife,whichhumanityandaffectionateconcerntowardshissickcompatriots,unfortunatelyshortened.
　　Duringhissicknesshereposedentireconfidenceinus.Althoughastrangertomedicine,andnauseatingthetasteofit,heswallowedwithpatientsubmissioninnumerabledrugs,*whichthehopeofreliefinducedustoadministertohim.Thegovernor,whoparticularlyregardedhim,causedhimtobeburiedinhisowngarden,andattendedthefuneralinperson.
　　[*Verydifferenthadbeenhisconductonaformeroccasionofasimilarkind.
　　Soonafterhewasbroughtamongushewasseizedwithadiarrhoea,forwhichhecouldbynopersuasionbeinducedtoswallowanyofourprescriptions.Aftermanyineffectualtrialstodeceive,orovercomehim,itwasatlengthdeterminedtolethimpursuehisowncourse,andtowatchifheshouldapplyforrelieftoanyoftheproductionsofthecountry.Hewasinconsequenceobservedtodigfern-root,andtochewit.Whetherthedisorderhadpasseditscrisis,orwhetherthefern-rooteffectedacure,Iknownot;butitiscertainthathebecamespeedilywell.
　　**Theregardwasreciprocal.Hisexcellencyhadbeenillbutashorttimebefore,whenArabanoohadtestifiedtheutmostsolicitudeforhiscaseandrecovery.Itisprobablethatheacquired,onthisoccasion,justnotionsofthebenefittobederivedfrommedicalassistance.
　　Adoctoris,amongthem,apersonofconsequence.Itiscertainthathelatterlyestimatedourprofessionalgentlemenveryhighly.]
　　ThecharacterofArabanoo,asfaraswehaddevelopedit,wasdistinguishedbyaportionofgravityandsteadiness,whichoursubsequentacquaintancewithhiscountrymenbynomeansledustoconcludeanationalcharacteristic.
　　Inthatdaring,enterprisingframeofmind,which,whencombinedwithgenius,constitutestheleaderofahordeofsavages,ortherulerofapeople,boastingthepowerofdiscriminationandtheresistanceofambition,hewascertainlysurpassedbysomeofhissuccessors,whoafterwardslivedamongus.Hiscountenancewasthoughtful,butnotanimated:
　　hisfidelityandgratitude,particularlytohisfriendthegovernor,wereconstantandundeviating,anddeservetoberecorded.
　　Althoughofagentleandplacabletemper,weearlydiscoveredthathewasimpatientofindignity,andallowedofnosuperiorityonourpart.
　　Heknewthathewasinourpower;buttheindependenceofhismindneverforsookhim.Iftheslightestinsultwereofferedtohim,hewouldreturnitwithinterest.Atretaliationofmerrimenthewasoftenhappy;andfrequentlyturnedthelaughagainsthisantagonist.
　　Hedidnotwantdocility;buteitherfromthedifficultyofacquiringourlanguage,fromtheunskillfulnessofhisteachers,orfromsomenaturaldefect,hisprogressinlearningitwasnotequaltowhatwehadexpected.Forthelastthreeorfourweeksofhislife,hardlyanyrestraintwaslaiduponhisinclinations:sothathadhemeditatedescape,hemighteasilyhaveeffectedit.Hewas,perhaps,theonlynativewhowaseverattachedtousfromchoice;andwhodidnotpreferaprecarioussubsistenceamongwildsandprecipices,tothecomfortsofacivilizedsystem.
　　Byhisdeath,theschemewhichhadinvitedhiscapturewasutterlydefeated.
　　Offivenativeswhohadbeenbroughtamongus,threehadperishedfromacausewhich,thoughunavoidable,itwasimpossibletoexplaintoapeople,whowouldcondescendtoenterintonointercoursewithus.Thesamesuspiciousdreadofourapproach,andthesamescenesofvengeanceactedonunfortunatestragglers,continuedtoprevail.
　　CHAPTERV.
　　TransactionsoftheColonyuntiltheCloseoftheYear1789.
　　Theanniversaryofhismajesty'sbirth-daywascelebrated,asheretofore,atthegovernment-house,withloyalfestivity.Intheevening,theplayof'TheRecruitingOfficer'wasperformedbyapartyofconvicts,andhonouredbythepresenceofhisexcellency,andtheofficersofthegarrison.Thateveryopportunityofescapefromthedrearinessanddejectionofoursituationshouldbeeagerlyembraced,willnotbewonderedat.Theexhilaratingeffectofasplendidtheatreiswellknown:
　　andIamnotashamedtoconfess,thattheproperdistributionofthreeorfouryardsofstainedpaper,andadozenfarthingcandlesstuckaroundthemudwallsofaconvict-hut,failednottodiffusegeneralcomplacencyonthecountenancesofsixtypersons,ofvariousdescriptions,whowereassembledtoapplaudtherepresentation.Someoftheactorsacquittedthemselveswithgreatspirit,andreceivedthepraisesoftheaudience:aprologueandanepilogue,writtenbyoneoftheperformers,werealsospokenontheoccasion;which,althoughnotworthinsertinghere,containedsometolerableallusionstothesituationoftheparties,andthenoveltyofastage-representationinNewSouthWales.
　　BrokenBay,whichwassupposedtobecompletelyexplored,becameagainanobjectofresearch.Onthesixthinstant,thegovernor,accompaniedbyalargepartyintwoboats,proceededthither.Heretheyagainwanderedoverpilesofmis-shapendesolation,contemplatingscenesofwildsolitude,whoseunvaryingappearancerendersthemincapableofaffordingeithernoveltyorgratification.Butwhentheyhadgivenoverthehopeoffartherdiscovery,bypursuingthewindingsofaninlet,which,fromitsappearance,wassupposedtobeashortcreek,theysuddenlyfoundthemselvesattheentranceofafreshwaterriver,upwhichtheyproceededtwentymiles,inawesterlydirection;andwouldhavefartherprosecutedtheirresearch,hadnotafailureofprovisionsobligedthemtoreturn.Thisrivertheydescribedtobeofconsiderablebreadth,andofgreatdepth;butitsbankshadhithertopresentednothingbetterthanacounterpartoftherocksandprecipiceswhichsurroundBrokenBay.
　　June,1789.Asecondexpedition,toascertainitscourse,wasundertakenbyhisexcellency,whonowpenetratedmeasuringbythebedoftheriver
　　between60and70miles,whenthefartherprogressoftheboatswasstoppedbyafall.Thewaterineverypartwasfoundtobefreshandgood.
　　Oftheadjoiningcountry,theopinionsofthosewhohadinspecteditofwhichnumberIwasnotweresovarious,thatIshalldeclinetorecordthem.Somesawarichandbeautifulcountry;andothersweresounfortunateastodiscoverlittleelsethanlargetractsoflowland,coveredwithreeds,andrankwiththeinundationsofthestream,bywhichtheyhadbeenrecentlycovered.Allparties,however,agreed,thattherocky,impenetrablecountry,seenonthefirstexcursion,hadendednearlyabouttheplacewhencetheboatshadthenturnedback.Closetothefallstandsaverybeautifulhill,whichouradventurersmounted,andenjoyedfromitanextensiveprospect.Potatoes,maize,andgardenseedsofvariouskindswereputintotheearth,bythegovernor'sorder,ondifferentpartsofRichmond-hill,whichwasannouncedtobeitsname.
　　ThelatitudeofRichmond-hill,asobservedbycaptainHunter,wassettledat33degrees36minutessouth.
　　HerealsotheriverreceivedthenameofHawkesbury,inhonourofthenoblelordwhobearsthattitle.
　　Nativeswerefoundonthebanksinseveralparts,manyofwhomwerelabouringunderthesmallpox.Theydidnotattempttocommithostilitiesagainsttheboats;butonthecontraryshewedeverysignofwelcomeandfriendshiptothestrangers.
　　Atthisperiod,IwasunluckilyinvestedwiththecommandoftheoutpostatRoseHill,whichpreventedmefrombeinginthelistofdiscoverersoftheHawkesbury.Stimulated,however,byadesireofacquiringafurtherknowledgeofthecountry,onthe26thinstant,accompaniedbyMr.Arndell,assistantsurgeonofthesettlement,Mr.Lowes,surgeon'smateofthe'Sirius',twomarines,andaconvict,Ilefttheredoubtatday-break,pointingourmarchtoahill,distantfivemiles,inawesterlyorinlanddirection,whichcommandsaviewofthegreatchainofmountains,calledCarmarthenhills,extendingfromnorthtosouthfartherthantheeyecanreach.Herewepaused,surveying"thewildabyss;
　　ponderingourvoyage."Beforeuslaythetracklessimmeasurabledesert,inawfulsilence.Atlength,afterconsultation,wedeterminedtosteerwestandbynorth,bycompass,themakeofthelandinthatquarterindicatingtheexistenceofariver.WecontinuedtomarchalldaythroughacountryuntroddenbeforebyanEuropeanfoot.Savethatamelancholycrownowandthenflewcroakingoverhead,orakangaroowasseentoboundatadistance,thepictureofsolitudewascompleteandundisturbed.Atfouro'clockintheafternoonwehaltednearasmallpondofwater,wherewetookupourresidenceforthenight,lightedafire,andpreparedtocookoursupper:
　　thatwas,tobroiloveracoupleoframrodsafewslicesofsaltpork,andacrowwhichwehadshot.
　　Atdaylightwerenewedourperegrination;andinanhourafterwefoundourselvesonthebanksofariver,nearlyasbroadastheThamesatPutney,andapparentlyofgreatdepth,thecurrentrunningveryslowlyinanortherlydirection.Vastflocksofwildduckswereswimminginthestream;
　　butafterbeingoncefiredat,theygrewsoshythatwecouldnotgetnearthemasecondtime.Nothingismorecertainthanthatthesoundofagunhadneverbeforebeenheardwithinmanymilesofthisspot.
　　Weproceededupwards,byaslowpace,throughreeds,thickets,andathousandotherobstacles,whichimpededourprogress,overcoarsesandyground,whichhadbeenrecentlyinundated,thoughfullfortyfeetabovethepresentleveloftheriver.Tracesofthenativesappearedateverystep,sometimesintheirhunting-huts,whichconsistofnothingmorethanalargepieceofbark,bentinthemiddle,andopenatbothends,exactlyresemblingtwocards,setuptoformanacuteangle;sometimesinmarksontreeswhichtheyhadclimbed;orinsquirrel-traps*;or,whichsurprisedusmore,frombeingnew,indecoysforthepurposeofensnaringbirds.
　　Theseareformedofunderwoodandreeds,longandnarrow,shapedlikeamoundraisedoveragrave;withasmallapertureatoneendforadmissionoftheprey;andagratemadeofsticksattheother:thebirdentersattheaperture,seeingbeforehimthelightofthegrate,betweenthebarsofwhich,hevainlyendeavourstothrusthimself,untiltaken.Mostofthesedecoyswerefulloffeathers,chieflythoseofquails,whichshewedtheirutility.Wealsometwithtwoolddamagedcanoeshauleduponthebeach,whichdifferedinnowisefromthosefoundontheseacoast.
　　[*Asquirrel-trapisacavityofconsiderabledepth,formedbyart,inthebodyofatree.WhentheIndiansintheirhuntingpartiessetfiretothesurroundingcountrywhichisaverycommoncustomthesquirrels,opossums,andotheranimals,wholiveintrees,fleeforrefugeintotheseholes,whencetheyareeasilydislodgedandtaken.Thenativesalwayspitchonapartofatreeforthispurpose,whichhasbeenperforatedbyaworm,whichindicatesthatthewoodisinanunsoundstate,andwillreadilyyieldtotheirefforts.Iftherudenessandimperfectionofthetoolswithwhichtheyworkbeconsidered,itmustbeconfessedtobeanoperationofgreattoilanddifficulty.]
　　Havingremainedoutthreedays,wereturnedtoourquartersatRose-hill,withthepleasingintelligenceofourdiscovery.Thecountrywehadpassedthroughwefoundtolerablyplain,andlittleencumberedwithunderwood,exceptneartheriverside.ItisentirelycoveredwiththesamesortsoftreesasgrownearSydney;andinsomeplacesgrassspringsupluxuriantly;
　　otherplacesarequitebareofit.Thesoilisvarious:inmanypartsastiffandclay,coveredwithsmallpebbles;inotherplaces,ofasoftloamynature:butinvariably,ineverypartneartheriver,itisacoarsesterilesand.Ourobservationsonitparticularlymine,fromcarryingthecompassbywhichwesteeredwerenotsonumerousasmighthavebeenwished.But,certainly,ifthequalitiesofitbesuchastodeservefuturecultivation,noimpedimentofsurface,butthatofcuttingdownandburningthetrees,exists,topreventitsbeingtilled.
　　TothisriverthegovernorgavethenameofNepean.Thedistanceofthepartoftheriverwhichwefirsthituponfromtheseacoast,isabout39miles,inadirectlinealmostduewest.
　　AsurveyofBotanyBaytookplaceinSeptember.Iwasoftheparty,withseveralothersofficers.Wecontinuedninedaysinthebay,duringwhichtime,therelativepositionofeverypartofit,totheextentofmorethanthirtymiles,followingthewindingsoftheshore,wasascertained,andlaiddownonpaper,bycaptainHunter.
　　Socompleteanopportunityofformingajudgment,enablesmetospeakdecisivelyofaplace,whichhasoftenengagedconversationandexcitedreflection.Varietyofopinionsheredisappeared.Ishall,therefore,transcribeliterallywhatIwroteinmyjournal,onmyreturnfromtheexpedition."Wewereunanimouslyofopinion,thathadnotthenauticalpartofMr.Cook'sdescription,inwhichweincludethelatitudeandlongitudeofthebay,beensoaccuratelylaiddown,therewouldexisttheutmostreasontobelieve,thatthosewhohavedescribedthecontiguouscountry,hadneverseenit.Onthesidesoftheharbour,alineofseacoastmorethanthirtymileslong,wedidnotfind200acreswhichcouldbecultivated."
　　September,1789.Butallourattentionwasnotdirectedtoexploreinlets,andtollfordiscovery.Ourinternaltranquillitywasstillmoreimportant.
　　Torepresstheinroadsofdepredation;andtosecuretohonestindustrytherewardofitslabour,hadbecomematterofthemostseriousconsideration;
　　hardlyanightpassingwithoutthecommissionofrobbery.Manyexpedientsweredevised;andthegovernoratlengthdeterminedtoselectfromtheconvicts,acertainnumberofpersons,whoweremeanttobeofthefairestcharacter,forthepurposeofbeingformedintoanightly-watch,forthepreservationofpublicandprivateproperty,underthefollowingregulations,which,asthefirstsystemofpoliceinacolony,sopeculiarlyconstitutedasours,mayperhapsprovenotuninteresting.
　　I.Anight-watch,consistingof12persons,dividedintofourparties,isappointed,andfullyauthorizedtopatrolatallhoursinthenight;
　　andtovisitsuchplacesasmaybedeemednecessary,forthediscoveryofanyfelony,trespass,ormisdemeanor;andfortheapprehendingandsecuringforexamination,anypersonorpersonswhomayappeartothemconcernedtherein,eitherbyentranceintoanysuspectedhutordwelling,orbysuchothermeasureasmayseemtothemexpedient.
　　II.Thosepartsinwhichtheconvictsresidearetobedividedandnumbered,inthefollowingmanner.Theconvicthutsontheeasternsideofthestream,andthepublicfarm,aretobethefirstdivision.Thoseatthebrick-kilns,andthedetachedpartiesinthedifferentprivatefarmsinthatdistrict,aretobetheseconddivision.Thoseonthewesternsideofthestream,asfarasthelinewhichseparatesthedistrictofthewomenfromthemen,tobethethirddivision.Thehutsoccupiedfromthatlinetothehospital,andfromtheretotheobservatory,tobethefourthdivision.
　　III.Eachofthesedistrictsordivisionsistobeundertheparticularinspectionofoneperson,whomaybejudgedqualifiedtoinformhimselfoftheactualresidenceofeachindividualinhisdistrict;aswellasofhisbusiness,connections,andacquaintances.
　　IV.Cognizanceistobetakenofsuchconvictsasmaysellorbartertheirslopsorprovisions;andalsoofsuchasareaddictedtogamingforeitheroftheaforesaidarticles,whoaretobereportedtothejudgeadvocate.
　　V.Anysoldierorseamanfoundstragglingafterthebeatingofthetattoo;
　　orwhomaybefoundinaconvict'shut,istobedetained;andinformationofhimimmediatelygiventothenearestguard.
　　VI.Anypersonwhomayberobbedduringthenight,istogiveimmediateinformationthereoftothewatchofhisdistrict,who,ontheinstantofapplicationbeingmade,shallusethemosteffectualmeanstotraceouttheoffender,oroffenders,sothathe,she,orthey,maybebroughttojustice.
　　VII.Thewatchofeachdistrictistobeunderthedirectionofoneperson,whowillbenamedforthatpurpose.AllthepatrolsareplacedundertheimmediateinspectionofHerbertKeeling.Theyarenevertoreceiveanyfee,gratuity,orreward,fromanyindividualwhatever,toengagetheirexertionsintheexecutionoftheabovetrust.Norwilltheyreceiveanystipulatedencouragementfortheconvictionofanyoffender.
　　Buttheirdiligenceandgoodbehaviourwillberewardedbythegovernor.
　　Andforthispurposetheirconductwillbestrictlyattendedto,bythosewhoareplacedinauthorityoverthem.
　　VIII.Thenight-watchistogooutassoonasthetattooceasesbeating:
　　toreturntotheirhutswhentheworkingdrumbeatsinthemorning:
　　andaretomaketheirreporttothejudgeadvocate,throughHerbertKeeling,ofallrobberiesandmisdemeanorswhichmayhavebeencommitted.
　　Anyassistancethepatrolsmayrequire,willbegiventothem,onapplyingtotheofficercommandingthenearestguard;andbythecivilpower,ifnecessary;forwhichlast,applicationistobemadetotheprovostmartial.
　　IX.Anynegligenceonthepartofthosewhoshallbeemployedonthisduty,willbepunishedwiththeutmostrigourofthelaw.
　　X.Thenight-watchistoconsistof12persons.
　　Everypoliticalcode,eitherfromadefectofitsconstitution,orfromthecorruptnessofthosewhoareentrustedtoexecuteit,willbefoundlessperfectinpracticethanspeculationhadpromiseditself.Itwere,however,prejudicetodeny,thatforsometimefollowingtheinstitutionofthispatrol,nightlydepredationsbecamelessfrequentandalarming:
　　thepettyvillains,atleast,wererestrainedbyit.Andtokeepevenagardenunravagedwasnowbecomeasubjectofthedeepestconcern.
　　ForinOctoberourweeklyallowanceofprovisions,whichhadhithertobeeneightpoundsofflour,fivepoundsofsaltpork,threepintsofpease,sixouncesofbutter,wasreducedtofivepoundsfiveouncesofflour,threepoundsfiveouncesofpork,andtwopintsofpease.
　　Inordertolessentheconsumptionfromthepublicstores,the'Supply'
　　wasorderedtotouchatLordHoweIsland,inherwayfromNorfolkIsland,totryifturtlecouldbeprocured,forthepurposeofbeingpubliclyservedinlieuofsaltprovisions.Butshebroughtbackonlythreeturtles,whichweredistributedinthegarrison.
　　December,1789.Attherequestofhisexcellency,lieutenantDawesofthemarines,accompaniedbylieutenantJohnstonandMr.Lowes,aboutthistimeundertooktheattempttocrosstheNepeanriver,andtopenetratetoCarmarthenmountains.Havingdiscoveredafordintheriver,theypassedit,andproceededinawesterlydirection.
　　Buttheyfoundthecountrysorugged,andthedifficultyofwalkingsoexcessive,thatinthreedaystheywereabletopenetrateonlyfifteenmiles,andwerethereforeobligedtorelinquishtheirobject.
　　Thisparty,atthetimetheyturnedback,werefartherinlandthananyotherpersonseverwerebeforeorsince,beingfifty-fourmilesinadirectlinefromtheseacoastwhenonthesummitofmountTwiss,ahillsonamedbythem,andwhichboundedtheirperegrination.
　　Intercoursewiththenatives,forthepurposeofknowingwhetherornotthecountrypossessedanyresources,bywhichlifemightbeprolonged*,aswellasonotheraccounts,becomingeverydaymoredesirable,thegovernorresolvedtomakeprisonersoftwomoreofthem.
　　[*Oneoftheconvicts,anegro,hadtwiceeloped,withanintentionofestablishinghimselfinthesocietyofthenatives,withawishtoadopttheircustomsandtolivewiththem:buthewasalwaysrepulsedbythem;
　　andcompelledtoreturntousfromhungerandwretchedness.]
　　Boatsproperlyprovided,underthecommandoflieutenantBradleyofthe'Sirius',wereaccordinglydispatchedonthisservice;andcompletelysucceededintrepanningandcarryingoff,withoutopposition,twofineyoungmen,whoweresafelylandedamongusatSydney.
　　NanbareeandAbaroowelcomedthemonshore;callingthemimmediatelybytheirnames,BaneelonBennelong,andColbee.Buttheyseemedlittledisposedtoreceivethecongratulations,orreposeconfidenceintheassurancesoftheirfriends.Thesamescenesofawkwardwonderandimpatientconstraint,whichhadattendedtheintroductionofArabanoo,succeeded.Baneelonwejudgedtobeabouttwenty-sixyearsold,ofgoodstature,andstoutlymade,withaboldintrepidcountenance,whichbespokedefianceandrevenge.Colbeewasperhapsnearthirty,ofalesssullenaspectthanhiscomrade,considerablyshorter,andnotsorobustlyframed,thoughbetterfittedforpurposesofactivity.
　　Theyhadbothevidentlyhadthesmallpox;indeedColbee'sfacewasverythicklyimprintedwiththemarksofit.
　　Positiveorderswereissuedbythegovernortotreatthemindulgently,andguardthemstrictly;notwithstandingwhichColbeecontrivedtoeffecthisescapeinaboutaweek,withasmallironringroundhisleg.
　　Hadthoseappointedtowatchthembeenamomentlater,hiscompanionwouldhavecontrivedtoaccompanyhim.
　　ButBaneelon,thoughhaughty,knewhowtotemporize.Hequicklythrewoffallreserve;andpretended,nay,atparticularmoments,perhapsfeltsatisfactioninhisnewstate.UnlikepoorArabanoo,hebecameatoncefondofourviands,andwoulddrinkthestrongestliquors,notsimplywithoutreluctance,butwitheagermarksofdelightandenjoyment.
　　Hewastheonlynativeweeverknewwhoimmediatelyshewedafondnessforspirits:Colbeewouldnotatfirsttouchthem.Norwastheeffectofwineorbrandyuponhimmoreperceptiblethananequalquantitywouldhaveproducedupononeofus,althoughfermentedliquorwasnewtohim.
　　Inhiseating,hewasalikecompliant.WhenaturtlewasshowntoArabanoo,hewouldnotallowittobeafish,andcouldnotbeinducedtoeatofit.
　　Baneelonalsodeniedittobeafish;butnocommoncouncilmaninEuropecoulddomorejusticethanhedidtoaveryfineone,thatthe'Supply'
　　hadbroughtfromLordHoweIsland,andwhichwasservedupatthegovernor'stableonChristmasDay.
　　Hispowersofmindwerecertainlyfarabovemediocrity.Heacquiredknowledge,bothofourmannersandlanguage,fasterthanhispredecessorhaddone.
　　Hewillinglycommunicatedinformation;sang,danced,andcapered,toldusallthecustomsofhiscountry,andallthedetailsofhisfamilyeconomy.
　　Loveandwarseemedhisfavouritepursuits;inbothofwhichhehadsufferedseverely.Hisheadwasdisfiguredbyseveralscars;aspearhadpassedthroughhisarm,andanotherthroughhisleg.Halfofoneofhisthumbswascarriedaway;andthemarkofawoundappearedonthebackofhishand.
　　Thecauseandattendantcircumstancesofallthesedisasters,exceptone,herelatedtous.
　　"Butthewoundonthebackofyourhand,Baneelon!Howdidyougetthat?"
　　Helaughed,andownedthatitwasreceivedincarryingoffaladyofanothertribebyforce."Iwasdraggingheraway.Shecriedaloud,andstuckherteethinme."
　　"Andwhatdidyoudothen?"
　　"Iknockedherdown,andbeathertillshewasinsensible,andcoveredwithblood.Then"
　　Wheneverherecountedhisbattles,"poisedhislance,andshowedhowfieldswerewon",themostviolentexclamationsofrageandvengeanceagainsthiscompetitorsinarms,thoseofthetribecalledCameeragalinparticular,wouldburstfromhim.Andheneverfailedatsuchtimestosolicitthegovernortoaccompanyhim,withabodyofsoldiers,inorderthathemightexterminatethishatedname.
　　AlthoughIcallhimonlyBaneelon,hehadbesidesseveralappellations,andforawhilehechosetobedistinguishedbythatofWolarawaree.
　　Again,asamarkofaffectionandrespecttothegovernor,heconferredonhimthenameofWolarawaree,andsometimescalledhim'Beenena'father,adoptingtohimselfthenameofgovernor.Thisinterchangewefoundisaconstantsymboloffriendshipamongthem*.Inaword,histemperseemedpliant,andhisrelishofoursocietysogreat,thathardlyanyonejudgedhewouldattempttoquitus,werethemeansofescapeputwithinhisreach.Neverthelessitwasthoughtpropertocontinueawatchoverhim.
　　[*ItisobservablethatthiscustomprevailsasapledgeoffriendshipandkindnessalloverAsia,andhasalsobeenmentionedbyCaptainCooktoexistamongthenativesintheSouthSeaIslands.]
　　CHAPTERVI.
　　TransactionsoftheColony,fromtheBeginningoftheYear1790
　　untiltheEndofMayfollowing.
　　OurimpatienceofnewsfromEuropestronglymarkedthecommencementoftheyear.Wehadnowbeentwoyearsinthecountry,andthirty-twomonthsfromEngland,inwhichlongperiodnosupplies,exceptwhathadbeenprocuredattheCapeofGoodHopebythe'Sirius',hadreachedus.Fromintelligenceofourfriendsandconnectionswehadbeenentirelycutoff,nocommunicationwhateverhavingpassedwithournativecountrysincethe13thofMay1787,thedayofourdeparturefromPortsmouth.Faminebesideswasapproachingwithgiganticstrides,andgloomanddejectionoverspreadeverycountenance.