52。Intheyear815,cap。i,whichisagreeabletotheCapitularyofCharlestheBald,intheyear844,arts。1,2。
53。Theywerenotobligedtofurnishanytothecount。——Ibid。,art。5。
54。Thecountsareforbiddentodeprivethemoftheirhorses,uthostemfacere,etdebitosparaveredossecundumantequamconsuetudinemexsolverepossint。——EdictofPistes,inBaluzius,p。186。
55。CapitularyofCharlemagne,1,intheyear812。EdictofPistesintheyear864,art。27。
56。Quatuormansos。IfancythatwhattheycalledAfansuswasaparticularportionoflandbelongingtoafarmwheretherewerebondmen;
witnessthecapitularyoftheyear853,apudSylvacum,tit。14,againstthosewhodrovethebondmenfromtheirMansus。
57。Seebelow,chapter20ofthisbook。
58。InDuchesne,ii,p。287。
59。Ibid。,p。89。
60。SeetheCapitularyoftheyear858,art。14。
61。Theyleviedalsosomedutiesonrivers,wheretherehappenedtobeabridgeorapassage。
62。Thecensuswassogenericalaword,thattheymadeuseofittoexpressthetollsofrivers,whentherewasabridgeorferrytopass。
SeethethirdCapitulary,intheyear803,editionofBaluzius,p。395,art。1;andthe5thintheyear819,p。616。Theygavelikewisethisnametothecarriagesfurnishedbythefreementotheking,ortohiscommissaries,asappealsbytheCapitularyofCharlestheBaldintheyear865,art。8。
63。TheAbbéduBos,andhisfollowers。
64。SeetheweaknessoftheargumentsproducedbytheAbbéduBos,intheEstablishmentoftheFrenchMonarchy,iii,bookVI。14;especiallyintheinferencehedrawsfromapassageofGregoryofTours,concerningadisputebetweenhischurchandKingCharibert。
65。Forinstance,byenfranchisements。
66。Plato,Tim?us。——ED。
67。LawoftheAlemans,cap。xxii;andtheLawoftheBavarians,tit。1,cap。iv。,wheretheregulationsaretobefoundwhichtheclergymadeconcerningtheirorder。
68。Capitularies,v。303。
69。Booki,form。19。
70。Intheyear789,editionoftheCapitulariesbyBaluzius,i,p。250。
71。Ibid。
72。Ibid。
73。Pr?ceptumproHispanis,intheyear812,ed。Baluzius,i,p。500。
74。Intheyear844,ed。Baluzius,ii,arts。1and2,p。27。
75。ThirdCapitularyoftheyear805,arts。20and22,insertedintheCollectionofAngezise,iii,art。15。ThisisagreeabletothatofCharlestheBald,intheyear854,apudAttiniacum,art。6。
76。Ibid。
77。Intheyear812,arts。10and11,ed。Baluzius,i,p。498。
78。Capitularyoftheyear812,arts。10and11。
79。Intheyear813,art。6,ed。Baluzius,i,p。508。
80。Capitularyoftheyear813,art。6。
81。BookivoftheCapitularies,art。37,andinsertedinthelawoftheLombards。
82。BookivoftheCapitularies,art。37。
83。Intheyear805,art。8。
84。Capitularyoftheyear805,art。8。
85。Intheyear864,art。34,ed。Baluzius,p。192。
86。Ibid。
87。The28tharticleofthesameedictexplainsthisextremelywell;itevenmakesadistinctionbetweenaRomanfreedmanandaFrankfreedman:
andwelikewiseseetherethatthecensuswasnotgeneral;itdeservestoberead。
88。AsappearsbytheCapitularyofCharlemagneintheyear813,whichwehavealreadyquoted。
89。Comites。DeMoribusGermanorum,13。
90。Quisuntintrusteregis,tit。44,art。4。
91。Booki,form。18。
92。Fromthewordtrew,whichsignifiesfaithfulamongtheGermans。
93。Leudes,fideles。
94。Vassalli,seniores。
95。Fiscalia。SeeMarculfus,i。form。14。ItismentionedintheLifeofSt。Maur,deditfiscumunum:andintheannalsofMetz,intheyear747,deditillicomitatusetfiscosplurimos。Thegoodsdesignedforthesupportoftheroyalfamilywerecalledregalia。
96。Seei,tit。1,ofthefiefs;andCujasonthatbook。
97。Bookix。38。
98。Ibid。,vii。
99。Booki,form。30。
100。Bookiii,tit。8,§3。
101。Feudorum,i,tit。1。
102。Itwasakindofprecarioustenurewhichthelordconsentedorrefusedtoreneweveryyear;asCujashasobserved。
103。SeetheCapitularyofCharlemagneintheyear812,arts。3and4,ed。Baluzius,i,p。491;andtheedictofPistesintheyear864,art。
26,ii,p。186。
104。BookiioftheCapitularies,art。28。
105。TheywerecalledCompagenses。
106。Publishedintheyear595,art。1。SeetheCapitularies,ed。
Baluzius,p。20。Theseregulationswereundoubtedlymadebyagreement。
107。Advocati。
108。CapitularyofCharlemagne,intheyear812,art。1and5,ed。
Baluzius,i,p。490。
109。SeetheCapitularyoftheyear803,publishedatWorms,edBaluzius,pp。408,410。
110。CapitularyofWormsintheyear803,editionofBaluzius,p。409;
andthecouncilintheyear845,underCharles,theBald,invernopalatio,editionofBaluzius,ii,p。17,art。8。
111。ThefifthCapitularyoftheyear819,art。27,editionofBaluzius,p。618。
112。Capitulary11intheyear812,art。7,editionofBaluzius,i,p。
494。
113。Capitularyioftheyear812,art。5,editionofBaluzius,i,p。
490。
114。Intheyear812,cap。i,editionofBaluzius,p。490。
115。EstablishmentoftheFrenchMonarchy,iii,bookVI,cap。iv,p。
299。
116。Capitularyoftheyear882,art。11,apudvernispalatium,editionofBaluzius,ii,p。289。
117。Art。1,2,andthecouncilinvernopalatiooftheyear845,art。
8,editionofBaluzius,ii,p。17。
118。Orassizes。
119。Capitularies,bookivoftheCollectionofAngezise,art。57;andthefifthcapitularyofLouistheDebonnaire,intheyear819,art。14,editionofBaluzius,i,p。615。
120。Seethe8thnoteoftheprecedingchapter。
121。ItistobefoundintheCollectionofWilliamLarabard,DePriscisAnglorumlegibus。
122。InthewordSatrapia。
123。ThisiswellexplainedbytheassizesofJerusalem,221,222。
124。Theadvoweesofthechurch(advocati)wereequallyattheheadoftheirplacitaandoftheirmilitia。
125。SeeMarculfus,i,form。8,whichcontainsthelettersgiventoaduke,patrician,orcount;andinveststhemwiththeciviljurisdiction,andthefiscaladministration。
126。Chronicle,78,intheyear636。
127。SeeconcerningthissubjectthecapitulariesofLouistheDebonnaireaddedtotheSaliclaw,art。2,andtheformulaofjudgmentsgivenbyDuCangeinthewordbonihomines。
128。Perbonoshomines,sometimestherewerenonebutprincipalmen。SeetheappendixtotheformulariesofMarculfus,51。
129。Andsometollsonrivers,ofwhichIhavespokenalready。
130。SeethelawoftheRipuarians,tit。89;andthelawoftheLombards,ii,tit。52,§9。
131。Tacitus,DeMoribusGermanorum,21。
132。Seethislawinthe2ndtitleonmurders;andVulemar’sadditiononrobberies。
133。Tit。i,§1。
134。SalicLaw,tit。8,§1;tit。17,§3。
135。TheSaliclawsareadmirableinthisrespect,seeespeciallythetitles3,4,5,6,and7,whichrelatedtothestealingofcattle。
136。Booki,tit。7,§15。
137。SeethelawoftheAngli,tit。1,§§1,2,and4;ibid。tit。5,§6;
thelawoftheBavarians,tit。1,cap。8,9,andthelawoftheFrisians,tit。15。
138。Tit。2,cap。xx。
139。Hozidra,Ozza,Sagana,Habalingua,Anniena。——Ibid。
140。ThusthelawofInavaluedlifebyacertainsumofmoney,orbyacertainportionofland。LegesIn?regis,titulodevillicoregiodepriscisAnglorumlegibus。——Cambridge,1644。
141。SeethelawoftheSaxons,whichmakesthissameregulationforseveralpeople,cap。xviii。SeealsothelawoftheRipuarians,tit。36,§11;thelawoftheBavarians,tit。1,§§10and11。
142。SeethelawoftheLombards,i,tit。25§21;ibid。,i,tit。9,§§
8,34;ibid。,§38,andtheCapitularyofCharlemagneintheyear802,cap。xxxii,containinganinstructiongiventothosewhomhesentintotheprovinces。
143。SeeinGregoryofTours,vii。47,thedetailofaprocess,whereinapartyloseshalfthecompositionthathadbeenadjudgedtohim,forhavingdonejusticetohimself,insteadofreceivingsatisfaction,whateverinjuryhemighthaveafterwardsreceived。
144。SeethelawoftheSaxons,cap。iii,§4;thelawoftheLombards,i,tit。37,§§1and2;andthelawoftheAlemans,tit。45,§§1and2。
Thislastlawgaveleavetothepartyinjuredtorighthimselfuponthespot,andinthefirsttransportofpassion。SeealsotheCapitulariesofCharlemagneintheyear779,cap。xxii,intheyear802,cap。xxxii,andalsothatoftheyear805,cap。v。
145。ThecompilersofthelawoftheRipuariansseemtohavesoftenedthis。Seethe85thtitleofthoselaws。
146。SeethedecreeofTassillon,DePopularibuslegibus,art。3,4,10,16,19;thelawoftheAngli,tit。vii。§4。
147。Booki,tit。ix,§4。
148。PactusprotenorepadsinterChildebertumetClotarium,anno593,etdecretioClotarii2regis,circaannum595,cap。xi。
149。Whenitwasnotdeterminedbythelaw,itwasgenerallythethirdofwhatwasgivenforthecomposition,asappearsinthelawoftheRipuarians,cap。lxxxix,whichisexplainedbythethirdCapitularyoftheyear813。——EditionofBaluzius,i,p。512。
150。Booki,tit。9,§17,ed。Lindembrock。
151。Tit。70。
152。Tit。46。SeealsothelawoftheLombards,i。cap。xxi,§3,Lindembrock’sedition,sicaballuscumpede,&c。
153。Tit。28,§6。
154。AsappearsbythedecreeofClothariusIIintheyear595。
155。Tit。89。
156。Capitulareincertianni,57,inBaluzius,ip。515,anditistobeobserved,thatwhatwascalledfredumorfaida,inthemonumentsofthefirstrace,isknownbythenameofbannuminthoseofthesecondrace,asappearsfromtheCapitularydepartibusSaxoni?,intheyear789。
157。SeetheCapitularyofCharlemagne,devillis,whereheranksthesefredaamongthegreatrevenuesofwhatwascalledvilla,ortheking’sdemesnes。
158。SeeMarculfus,i,form。3,4,17。
159。SeeMarculfus,i,form。2,3,4。
160。SeetheCollectionsofthosecharters,especiallythatattheendofthe5thvolumeofthehistoriansofFrance,publishedbytheBenedictinemonks。
161。Seethe3rd,4th,and14thofthefirstbook,andthecharterofCharlemagne,intheyear771,inMartene,Anecdot。collect。,i,ii。
162。Treatiseofvillagejurisdictions,Loyseau。
163。SeeDuCangeonthewordhominium。
164。SeeMarculfus,i,form。3,4。
165。Nealiubinisiadecclesiam,ubirelaxatisunt,mallumteneant,tit。58,§i。Seealso§19。Lindembrock’sedition。
166。Tabulariis。
167。Mallum。
168。VitaS。Germeri,EpiscopiTolosaniapudBollandianos16Maii。
169。SeealsothelifeofSt。Melanius,andthatofSt。Deicola。
170。InthecouncilofParis,intheyear615,art。19。Seealsoart。
12。
171。Ibid。,art。5。
172。InthelawoftheLombards,ii,tit。44,capii。Lindembrock’sedition。
173。Ibid。
174。Letterintheyear858,art。7intheCapitularies,p。108。
175。ItisaddedtothelawoftheBavarians,art。7。Seealsoart。3。
Lindembrock’sedition,p。444。
176。Intheyear857,insynodoapudCarisiacum,art。4,editionofBaluzius,p。96。
177。Tit。3,cap。xiii。Lindembrock’sedition。
178。Tit。85。
179。Intheyear595,arts。11and12,editionoftheCapitulariesbyBaluzius,p。19。
180。Arts。2and3。
181。SeeDuCange,Glossary,onthewordtrustis。
182。InsertedintheLawoftheLombards,ii。tit。52,§14。ItistheCapitularyoftheyear793,inBaluzius,p。544,art。10。
183。SeealsothesamelawoftheLombards,ii,tit。52,§2,whichrelatestotheCapitularyofCharlemagneoftheyear779,art。21。
184。Thethirdoftheyear812,art。10。
185。Thesecondoftheyear813,arts。14,20,Baluzius’edition,p。
509。
186。Capitularequintumanni819art。23,Baluzius’edition,p。617。
187。EdictuminCarisiacoinBaluzius,ii,p。152。
188。EdictumPistense,art。18,Baluzius’edition,ii,p。181。
189。Lib。1。
190。Ihavealreadyquoteditintheprecedingchapter,Episcopivelpatentes。
191。History,vi。
192。Ibid。
193。Vol。ii,bookIII,18,p。270。
194。SeethepreliminarydiscourseoftheAbbéduBos。
195。SeetheEstablishmentoftheFrenchMonarchy,iii,bookVI,4,p。
301。
196。Hecitesthe44thtitleofthislaw,andthelawoftheRipuarians,tit。7and36。
197。Quiintrustedominicaest,tit。44,§4,andthisrelatestothe13thformularyofMarculfus,deregisAntrustione。Seealsotit。66,oftheSaliclaw,§§3and4,andtit。74;andthelawoftheRipuarians,tit。11,andtheCapitularyofCharlestheBald,apudCarisiacum,intheyear877,cap。xx。
198。Saliclaw,tit。44,§6。
199。Tit。44,§4。
200。Tit。44,§1。
201。Tit。44,§15。
202。Tit。44,§7。
203。Arts。1,2,and3,oftit。26,ofthelawoftheBurgundians。
204。EstablishmentoftheFrenchMonarchy,iii,bookVI。4,5
205。Ibid。;iii。5,pp。319,320。
206。Ibid。,iii,bookVI,4,pp。307,308。
207。Ibid。,p。309,andinthefollowingchapter,pp。310,320。
208。Seexxviii。28ofthiswork;andxxxi。8。
209。Capitulary,Baluzius’sedition,i,p。19。
210。Seexxviii。28ofthiswork;andxxxi。8。
211。Chapters43,44。
212。Ibid。
213。EstablishmentoftheFrenchMonarchy,iii,bookVI,4,p。316。
214。Ibid。,p。316。
215。Ibid。
216。DeGestisLudoviciPii,43,44。
217。Chapter23。
218。EstablishmentoftheFrenchMonarchy,iii,bookVI。4,p。302。
BookXXXI。TheoryoftheFeudalLawsamongtheFranks,intheRelationTheyBeartotheRevolutionsoftheirMonarchy1。ChangesintheOfficesandintheFiefs。Thecountsatfirstweresentintotheirdistrictsonlyforayear;buttheysoonpurchasedthecontinuationoftheiroffices。OfthiswehaveanexampleinthereignofClovis’grandchildren。ApersonnamedPeoniuswascountinthecityofAuxerre;[1]hesenthissonMummoluswithmoneytoGontram,toprevailuponhimtocontinuehiminhisemployment;thesongavethemoneyforhimself,andobtainedthefather’splace。Thekingshadalreadybeguntospoiltheirownfavours。
Thoughbythelawsofthekingdomthefiefswereprecarious,yettheywereneithergivennortakenawayinacapriciousandarbitrarymanner:
nay,theyweregenerallyoneoftheprincipalsubjectsdebatedinthenationalassemblies。Itisnatural,however,toimaginethatcorruptioncreptintothisaswellastheothercase;andthatthepossessionofthefiefs,likethatofthecounties,wascontinuedformoney。
Ishallshowinthecourseofthisbook,[2]that,independentlyofthegrantswhichtheprincesmadeforacertaintime,therewereothersinperpetuity。Thecourtwantedtorevoketheformergrants;thisoccasionedageneraldiscontentinthenation,andwassoonfollowedbythatfamousrevolutioninFrenchhistory,whosefirstepochwastheamazingspectacleoftheexecutionofBrunehault。
Thatthisqueen,whowasdaughter,sisterandmotherofsomanykings,aqueentothisverydaycelebratedforpublicmonumentsworthyofaRoman?dileorproconsul,bornwithanadmirablegeniusforaffairs,andendowedwithqualitiessolongrespected,shouldseeherselfofasuddenexposedtososlow,soignominiousandcruelatorture,[3]byakingwhoseauthoritywasbutindifferentlyestablishedinthenation,[4]
wouldappearveryextraordinary,hadshenotincurredthatnation’sdispleasureforsomeparticularcause。Clo—thariusreproachedherwiththemurderoftenkings;buttwoofthemhehadputtodeathhimself;
thedeathofsomeoftheotherswasowingtochance,ortothevillainyofanotherqueen;[5]andanationthathadpermittedFredegundatodieinherbed,[6]thathadevenopposedthepunishmentofherflagitiouscrimes,oughttohavebeenverydifferentwithrespecttothoseofBrunehault。
Shewasputuponacamel,andledignominiouslythroughthearmy;acertainsignthatshehadgivengreatoffencetothosetroops。
FredegariusrelatesthatProtarius,[7]Brunehault’sfavourite,strippedthelordsoftheirproperty,andfilledtheexchequerwiththeplunder;
thathehumbledthenobility,andthatnopersoncouldbesureofcontinuinginanyofficeoremployment。Thearmyconspiredagainsthim,andhewasstabbedinhistent;butBrunehault,eitherbyrevenginghisdeath,orbypursuingthesameplan,[8]becameeverydaymoreodioustothenation。[9]
Clotharius,ambitiousofreigningalone,inflamedmoreoverwiththemostfuriousrevenge,andsureofperishingifBrunehault’schildrengottheupperhand,enteredintoaconspiracyagainsthimself;andwhetheritwasowingtoignorance,ortothenecessityofhiscircumstances,hebecameBrunehault’saccuser,andmadeaterribleexampleofthatprincess。
WarnachariushadbeentheverysouloftheconspiracyformedagainstBrunehault。BeingatthattimemayorofBurgundy,hemadeClothariusconsentthatheshouldnotbedisplacedwhilehelived。[10]BythisstepthemayorcouldnolongerbeinthesamecaseastheFrenchlordsbeforethatperiod;andthisauthoritybegantorenderitselfindependentoftheregaldignity。
ItwasBrunehault’sunhappyregencywhichhadexasperatedthenation。Solongasthelawssubsistedintheirfullforce,noonecouldgrumbleathavingbeendeprivedofafief,sincethelawdidnotbestowituponhiminperpetuity。Butwhenfiefscametobeacquiredbyavarice,bybadpracticesandcorruption,theycomplainedofbeingdivested,byirregularmeans,ofthingsthathadbeenirregularlyacquired。Perhapsifthepublicgoodhadbeenthemotiveoftherevocationofthosegrants,nothingwouldhavebeensaid;buttheypretendedaregardfororderwhiletheywereopenlyabettingtheprinciplesofcorruption;thefiscalrightswereclaimedinordertolavishthepublictreasure;andgrantswerenolongertherewardortheencouragementofservices。
Brunehault,fromacorruptspirit,wantedtoreformtheabusesoftheancientcorruption。Hercapriceswerenotowingtoweakness;thevassalsandthegreatofficers,thinkingthemselvesindanger,preventedtheirownbyherruin。
Wearefarfromhavingalltherecordsofthetransactionsofthosedays;andthewritersofchronicles,whounderstoodverynearlyasmuchofthehistoryoftheirtimeasourpeasantsknowofours,areextremelybarren。YetwehaveaconstitutionofClotharius,giveninthecouncilofParis,[11]forthereformationofabuses,[12]whichshowsthatthisprinceputastoptothecomplaintsthathadoccasionedtherevolution。
Ontheonehand,heconfirmsallthegrantsthathadbeenmadeorconfirmedbythekingshispredecessors;[13]andontheother,heordainsthatwhateverhadbeentakenfromhisvassalsshouldberestoredtothem。[14]
Thiswasnottheonlyconcessionthekingmadeinthatcouncil;heenjoinedthatwhateverhadbeeninnovated,inoppositiontotheprivilegesoftheclergy,shouldberedressed;andhemoderatedtheinfluenceofthecourtintheelectionofbishops。[15]Heevenreformedthefiscalaffairs,ordainingthatallthenewcensusesshouldbeabolished,[16]andthattheyshouldnotlevyanytollestablishedsincethedeathsofGontram,Sigebert,andChilperic;[17]thatis,heabolishedwhateverhadbeendoneduringtheregenciesofFredegundaandBrunehault。Heforbadthedrivingofhiscattletograzeinprivatepeople’sgrounds;[18]andweshallpresentlyseethatthereformationwasstillmoregeneral,soastoextendeventocivilaffairs。
2。HowtheCivilGovernmentwasreformed。Hithertothenationhadgivenmarksofimpatienceandlevitywithregardtothechoiceorconductofhermasters;shehadregulatedtheirdifferencesandobligedthemtocometoanagreementamongthemselves。Butnowshedidwhatbeforewasquiteunexampled;shecasthereyesonheractualsituation,examinedthelawscoolly,providedagainsttheirinsufficiency,repressedviolence,andmoderatedtheregalpower。
TheboldandinsolentregenciesofFredegundaandBrunehaulthadlesssurprisedthanrousedthenation。Fredegundahaddefendedherhorriedcruelties,herpoisoningsandassassinations,byarepetitionofthesamecrimes;andhadbehavedinsuchamannerthatheroutrageswereratherofaprivatethanpublicnature。Fredegundadidmoremischief:
Brunehaultthreatenedmore。Inthiscrisisthenationwasnotsatisfiedwithrectifyingthefeudalsystem;shewasalsodeterminedtosecurehercivilgovernment。Forthelatterwasrathermorecorruptthantheformer;acorruptionthemoredangerousasitwasmoreinveterate,andconnectedratherwiththeabuseofmannersthanwiththatoflaws。
ThehistoryofGregoryofToursexhibits,ontheonehand,afierceandbarbarousnation;andontheother,kingsremarkableforthesameferocityoftemper。Thoseprinceswerebloody,iniquitousandcruel,becausesuchwasthecharacterofthewholenation。IfChristianityappearedsometimestosoftentheirmanners,itwasonlybythecircumstancesofterrorwithwhichthisreligionalarmsthesinner;thechurchsupportedherselfagainstthembythemiraculousoperationsofhersaints。Thekingswouldnotcommitsacrilege,becausetheydreadedthepunishmentsinflictedonthatspeciesofguilt:butthisexcepted,eitherintheriotofpassionorinthecoolnessofdeliberation,theyperpetratedthemosthorridcrimesandbarbaritieswheredivinevengeancedidnotappearsoimmediatelytoovertakethecriminal。TheFranks,asIhavealreadyobserved,borewithcruelkings,becausetheywereofthesamedispositionthemselves;theywerenotshockedattheiniquityandextortionsoftheirprinces,becausethiswasthenationalcharacteristic。Therehadbeenmanylawsestablished,butitwasusualforthekingtodefeatthemall,byakindoflettercalledprecepts,[19]whichrenderedthemofnoeffect;theyweresomewhatsimilartotherescriptsoftheRomanEmperors;whetheritbethatourkingsborrowedthisusagefromthoseprinces,orwhetheritwasowingtotheirownnaturaltemper。WeseeinGregoryofTours,thattheyperpetratedmurderincoolblood,andputtheaccusedtodeathunheard;
howtheygavepreceptsforillicitmarriages;[20]fortransferringsuccessions;fordeprivingrelativesoftheirright;and,infine,marryingconsecratedvirgins。Theydidnot,indeed,assumethewholelegislativepower,buttheydispensedwiththeexecutionofthelaws。
Clotharius’constitutionredressedallthesegrievances:noonecouldanylongerbecondemnedwithoutbeingheard:[21]relativesweremadetosucceed,accordingtotheorderestablishedbylaw;[22]allpreceptsformarryingreligiouswomenweredeclarednull;[23]andthosewhohadobtainedandmadeuseofthemwereseverelypunished。Wemightknowperhapsmoreexactlyhisdeterminationswithregardtotheseprecepts,ifthethirteenthandthenexttwoarticlesofthisdecreehadnotbeenlostthroughtheinjuryoftime。Wehaveonlythefirstwordsofthisthirteentharticle,ordainingthatthepreceptsshallbeobserved,whichcannotbeunderstoodofthosehehadjustabolishedbythesamelaw。Wehaveanotherconstitutionbythesameprince,[24]whichisinrelationtohisdecree,andcorrectsinthesamemannereveryarticleoftheabusesoftheprecepts。
TrueitisthatBaluzius,findingthisconstitutionwithoutdateandwithoutthenameoftheplacewhereitwasgiven,attributesittoClothariusI。ButIsayitbelongstoClothariusII,forthreereasons:
1。Itsaysthatthekingwillpreservetheimmunitiesgrantedtothechurchesbyhisfatherandgrandfather。[25]WhatimmunitiescouldthechurchesreceivefromChilderic,grandfatherofClothariusI,whowasnotaChristian,andwholivedevenbeforethefoundationofthemonarchy?ButifweattributethisdecreetoClothariusII,weshallfindhisgrandfathertohavebeenthisveryClothariusI,whomadeimmensedonationstothechurchwithaviewofexpiatingthemurderofhissonCramne,whomhehadorderedtobeburned,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren。
2。TheabusesredressedbythisconstitutionwerestillsubsistingafterthedeathofClothariusIandwereevencarriedtotheirhighestextravaganceduringtheweakreignofGontram,thecrueladministrationofChilperic,andtheexecrableregenciesofFredegundaandBrunehault。
Now,canweimaginethatthenationwouldhavebornewithgrievancessosolemnlyproscribed,withoutcomplainingoftheircontinualrepetition?
CanweimagineshewouldnothavetakenthesamestepasshedidafterwardsunderChildericII,[26]when,uponarepetitionoftheoldgrievances,shepressedhimtoordainthatlawandcustomsinregardtojudicialproceedingsshouldbecompliedwithasformerly。[27]
第57章