LivesofGreatHungarianCitizens。HewasdeadbeforeIwasborn，butIfoundhisbook，whenIwasachild，inthesolitaryhomeofmyfather，whichstoodontheconfinesofapuszta，orwilderness，andthatbookIusedtodevourinwinternightswhenthewindswerewhistlingaroundthehouse。
　　OhIhowmybloodusedtoglowatthedescriptionsofMagyarvalour，andlikewiseofTurkish；forFlorentiushasalwaysdonejusticetotheTurk。ManyapassagesimilartothishaveIgotbyheart；itisconnectedwithabattleontheplainofRigo，whichHunyadilost：—"Thenextday，whichwasFriday，asthetwoarmiesweredrawnupinbattlearray，aMagyarheroridingforth，gallopedupanddown，challengingtheTurkstosinglecombat。ThencameouttomeethimthesonofarenownedbashawofAsia；rushinguponeachother，bothbroketheirlances，buttheMagyarheroandhishorserolledoverupontheground，fortheTurkshadalwaysthebesthorses。"OyoungmanofHorncastle！ifeveryoulearnHungarian—andlearnitassuredlyyouwillafterwhatIhavetoldyou—readthebookofFlorentiusofBuda，evenifyougotoHungarytogetit，foryouwillscarcelyfinditelsewhere，andeventherewithdifficulty，forthebookhasbeenlongoutofprint。ItdescribestheactionsofthegreatmenofHungarydowntothemiddleofthesixteenthcentury；andbesidesbeingwritteninthepurestHungarian，hasthemeritofhavingforitsauthoraprofessoroftheReformedCollegeofDebreczen。
　　MYSELF。IwillgotoHungaryratherthannotreadit。IamgladthattheTurkbeattheMagyar。WhenIusedtoreadtheballadsofSpainIalwayssidedwiththeMooragainsttheChristian。
　　HUNGARIAN。Itwasadrawnfightafterall，fortheterriblehorseoftheTurkpresentlyflunghisownmaster，whereuponthetwochampionsreturnedtotheirrespectivearmies；butinthegrandconflictwhichensued，theTurksbeattheMagyars，pursuingthemtillnight，andstrikingthemontheneckswiththeirscymetars。TheTurkisanoblefellow；IshouldwishtobeaTurk，wereInotaMagyar。
　　MYSELF。TheTurkalwayskeepshisword，Iamtold。
　　HUNGARIAN。WhichtheChristianveryseldomdoes，andeventheHungariandoesnotalways。In1444Ulaszlomade，atSzeged，peacewithAmurathfortenyears，whichhesworewithanoathtokeep，butattheinstigationofthePopeJulianhebrokeit，andinducedhisgreatcaptain，HunyadiJohn，toshareintheperjury。TheconsequencewasthebattleofVarna，ofthe10thofNovember，inwhichHunyadiwasrouted，andUlaszloslain。Didyoueverhearhisepitaph？itisbothsolemnandedifying：—
　　RomulidaeCannasegoVarnamcladenotavi；
　　Disciternortalesnontemerarefidem：
　　MenisiPontificesjussissentrumperefoedusNonferretScythicumPannonisorajugum。"
　　"Halloo！"saidthejockey，startingupfromadozeinwhichhehadbeenindulgingforthelasthour，hisheadleaninguponhisbreast，"whatisthat？That’snothighDutch；I
　　bargainedforhighDutch，andIleftyouspeakinghighDutch，asitsoundedverymuchlikethelanguageofhorses，asI
　　havebeentoldhighDutchdoes；butasforwhatyouarespeakingnow，whateveryoumaycallit，itsoundsmorelikethelanguageofanotherkindofanimal。Isupposeyouwanttoinsultme，becauseIwasonceadicky—boy。"
　　"Nothingofthekind，"saidI；"thegentlemanwasmakingaquotationinLatin。"
　　"Latin，wasit？"saidthejockey；"thataltersthecase。
　　Latinisgenteel，andIhavesentmyeldestboytoanacademytolearnit。Come，letushearyoufireawayinLatin，"hecontinued，proceedingtore—lighthispipe，which，beforegoingtosleep，hehadlaidonthetable。
　　"IfyouwishtofollowthediscourseinLatin，"saidtheHungarian，inverybadEnglish，"Icanobligeyou；IlearnedtospeakverygoodLatininthecollegeofDebreczen。"
　　"That’smore，"saidI，"thanIhavedoneinthecollegeswhereIhavebeen；inanylittleconversationwhichwemayyethave，IwishyouwoulduseGerman。"
　　"Well，"saidthejockey，takingawhiff，"makeyourconversationasshortaspossible，whetherinLatinorDutch，for，totellyouthetruth，Iamrathertiredofmerelyplayinglistener。"
　　"YouweresayingyouhadbeeninRussia，"saidI；"IbelievetheRussiansarepartoftheSclavonianrace。"
　　HUNGARIAN。Yes，partofthegreatSclavonianfamily；oneofthemostnumerousracesintheworld。TheRussiansthemselvesareverynumerous；wouldthattheMagyarscouldboastofthefifthpartoftheirnumber！
　　MYSELF。WhatisthenumberoftheMagyars？
　　HUNGARIAN。Barelyfourmillions。WecameatribeofTartarsintoEurope，andsettleddownamongstSclavonians，whomweconquered，butwhonevercoalescedwithus。TheAustrianatpresentplaysinPannoniatheSclavonianagainstus，andusagainsttheSclavonian；butthedownfalloftheAustrianisathand；they，likeus，arenotanumerouspeople。
　　MYSELF。Whowillbringabouthisdownfall？
　　HUNGARIAN。TheRussians。TheRysckieTsarwillleadhispeopleforth，alltheSclavonianswilljoinhim，hewillconquerallbeforehim。
　　MYSELF。AretheRussiansgoodsoldiers？
　　HUNGARIAN。Theyarestubbornandunflinchingtoanastonishingdegree，andtheirfidelitytotheirTsarisquiteadmirable。SeehowtheRussiansbehavedatPlescova，inLivonia，intheoldtime，againstourgreatBatoryStephen；
　　theydefendedtheplacetillitwasaheapofrubbish，andmarkhowtheybehavedaftertheyhadbeenmadeprisoners。
　　Stephenofferedthemtwoalternatives：—toenterintohisservice，inwhichtheywouldhavegoodpay，clothing，andfairtreatment；ortobeallowedtoreturntoRussia。
　　Withouttheslightesthesitationthey，toaman，chosethelatter，thoughwellawarethattheirbelovedTsar，thecruelIvanBasilowits，wouldputthemalltodeath，amidsttorturesthemosthorrible，fornotdoingwhatwasimpossible—
　　preservingthetown。
　　MYSELF。YouspeakRussian？
　　HUNGARIAN。Alittle。IwasborninthevicinityofaSclavoniantribe；theservantsofourhousewereSclavonians，andIearlyacquiredsomethingoftheirlanguage，whichdiffersnotmuchfromthatofRussia；wheninthatcountryI
　　quicklyunderstoodwhatwassaid。
　　MYSELF。HavetheRussiansanyliterature？
　　HUNGARIAN。Doubtless；butIamnotacquaintedwithit，asI
　　donotreadtheirlanguage；butIknowsomethingoftheirpopulartales，towhichIusedtolistenintheirizbushkas；
　　aprincipalpersonageintheseisacreationquiteoriginal—
　　calledBabaYaga。
　　MYSELF。WhoistheBabaYaga？
　　HUNGARIAN。Afemalephantom，whoisdescribedashurryingalongthepuszta，orsteppe，inamortar，poundingwithapestleatatremendousrate，andleavingalongtraceonthegroundbehindherwithhertongue，whichisthreeyardslong，andwithwhichsheseizesanymenandhorsescominginherway，swallowingthemdownintohercapaciousbelly。Shehasseveraldaughters，veryhandsome，andwithplentyofmoney；
　　happytheyoungMujikwhocatchesandmarriesoneofthem，fortheymakeexcellentwives。
　　"Manythanks，"saidI，"fortheinformationyouhaveaffordedme：thisisratherpoorwine，"Iobserved，asIpouredoutaglass—"IsupposeyouhavebetterwineinHungary？"
　　"Yes，wehavebetterwineinHungary。FirstofallthereisTokay，themostcelebratedintheworld，thoughIconfessI
　　preferthewineofEger—Tokayistoosweet。"
　　"HaveyoueverbeenatTokay？"
　　"Ihave，"saidtheHungarian。
　　"WhatkindofplaceisTokay？"
　　"AsmalltownsituatedontheTyzza，arapidriverdescendingfromthenorth；theTokayMountainisjustbehindthetown，whichstandsontherightbank。ThetopofthemountainiscalledKopacsTeto，orthebaldtip；thehillissosteepthatduringthunder—stormspiecesfrequentlyfalldownupontheroofsofthehouses。ItwasplantedwithvinesbyKingLajos，whoascendedthethronein1342。ThebestwinecalledTokayis，however，notmadeatTokay，butatKassau，twoleaguesfartherintotheCarpathians，ofwhichTokayisaspur。IfyouwishtodrinkthebestTokay，youmustgotoVienna，towhichplacealltheprimeissent。ForthethirdtimeIaskyou，OyoungmanofHorncastle！whydoesyourGovernmentalwayssendfoolstorepresentitatVienna？"
　　"AndforthethirdtimeItellyou，OsonofAlmus！thatI
　　cannotsay；perhaps，however，todrinkthesweetTokaywine；
　　fools，youknow，alwayslikesweetthings。"
　　"Good，"saidtheHungarian；"itmustbeso，andwhenIreturntoHungary，Iwillstatetomycountrymenyourexplanationofacircumstancewhichhasfrequentlycausedthemgreatperplexity。Oh！theEnglishareacleverpeople，andhaveadeepmeaninginalltheydo。Whatavisionofdeeppolicyopensitselftomyview！theydonotsendtheirfooltoViennainordertogapeatprocessions，andtobowandscrapeatabasePapistcourt，buttodrinkatthegreatdinnersthecelebratedTokayofHungary，whichtheHungarians，thoughtheydonotdrinkit，areveryproudof，andbydoingsotointimatethesympathywhichtheEnglishentertainfortheirfellowreligionistsofHungary。Oh！theEnglishareadeeppeople。"
　　CHAPTERXL
　　TheHorncastleWelcome—TzernebockandBielebock。
　　THEpipeoftheHungarianhad，forsometimepast，exhibitedconsiderablesymptomsofexhaustion，littleornoruttlinghavingbeenheardinthetube，andscarcelyaparticleofsmoke，drawnthroughthesyphon，havingbeenemittedfromthelipsofthepossessor。Henowrosefromhisseat，andgoingtoacorneroftheroom，placedhispipeagainstthewall，thenstridingupanddowntheroom，hecrackedhisfingersseveraltimes，exclaiming，inahalf—musingmanner，"Oh，thedeepnation，which，inordertodisplayitssympathyforHungary，sendsitsfooltoVienna，todrinkthesweetwineofTokay！"
　　Thejockey，havinglookedforsometimeatthetallfigurewithevidentapprobation，winkedatmewiththatbrillianteyeofhisonwhichtherewasnospeck，saying，"’Didyoueverseeatallerfellow？"
　　"Never，"saidI。
　　"Orafiner？"
　　"That’sanotherquestion，"saidI，"whichIamnotsowillingtoanswer；however，asIamfondoftruth，andscorntoflatter，IwilltakethelibertyofsayingthatIhaveseenafiner。"
　　"Afiner！where？"saidthejockey；whilsttheHungarian，whoappearedtounderstandwhatwesaid，stoodstill，andlookedfullatme。
　　"Amongstastrangesetofpeople，"saidI，"whom，ifIweretoname，youwould，Idaresay，onlylaughatme。"
　　"Whobethey？"saidthejockey。"Come，don’tbeashamed；I
　　haveoccasionallykeptqueerishcompanymyself。"
　　"Thepeoplewhomwecallgypsies，"saidI；"whomtheGermanscallZigeuner，andwhocallthemselvesRomanychals。"
　　"Zigeuner！"saidtheHungarian；"byIsten！Idoknowthosepeople。"
　　"Romanychals！"saidthejockey；"whew！Ibegintosmellarat。"
　　"Whatdoyoumeanbysmellingarat？"saidI。
　　"I’llbetacrown，"saidthejockey，"thatyoubetheyoungchapwhatcertainfolkscall’theRomanyRye。’"
　　"Ah！"saidI，"howcameyoutoknowthatname？"
　　"Benotyouhe？"saidthejockey。
　　"Why，Icertainlyhavebeencalledbythatname。"
　　"Icouldhaveswornit，"saidthejockey；thenrisingfromhischair，helaidhispipeonthetable，tookalargehand—
　　bellwhichstoodontheside—board，andgoingtothedoor，openedit，andcommencedringinginamosttremendousmanneronthestaircase。Thenoisepresentlybroughtupawaiter，towhomthejockeyvociferated，"Gotoyourmaster，andtellhimtosendimmediatelythreebottlesofchampagne，ofthepinkkind，mindyou，whichistwelveguineasadozen；"thewaiterhurriedaway，andthejockeyresumedhisseatandhispipe。Isatinsilentastonishmentuntilthewaiterreturnedwithabasketcontainingthewine，which，withthreelongglasses，heplacedonthetable。Thejockeythengotup，andgoingtoalargebow—windowattheendoftheroom，whichlookedintoacourt—yard，peepedout；thensaying，"thecoastisclear，"heshutdowntheprincipalsashwhichwasopenforthesakeoftheair，andtakingupabottleofchampagne，heplacedanotherinthehandsoftheHungarian，towhomhesaidsomethinginprivate。Thelatter，whoseemedtounderstandhim，answeredbyanod。Thetwothengoingtotheendofthetablefrontingthewindow，andabouteightpacesfromit，stoodbeforeit，holdingthebottlesbytheirnecks；suddenlythejockeylifteduphisarm。"Surely，"saidI，"youarenotmadenoughtoflingthatbottlethroughthewindow？""Here’stotheRomanyRye；here’stothesweetmaster，"saidthejockey，dashingthebottlethroughthepaneinsoneatamannerthatscarcelyaparticleofglassfellintotheroom。
　　"Eljenedescsiganyur—eljenguleray！"saidtheHungarian，swingingroundhisbottle，anddischargingitatthewindow；
　　but，eithernotpossessingthejockey’saccuracyofaim，orrecklessoftheconsequences，heflunghisbottleso，thatitstruckagainstpartofthewoodensettingofthepanes，breakingalongwiththewoodanditselfthreeorfourpanestopieces。Thecrashwashorrid，andwineandparticlesofglassflewbackintotheroom，tothenosmalldangerofitsinmates。"Whatdoyouthinkofthat？"saidthejockey；"wereyoueversohonouredbefore？""Honoured！"saidI。"Godpreservemeinfuturefromsuchhonour；"andIputmyfingertomycheek，whichwasslightlyhurtbyaparticleoftheglass。"That’sthewayweofthecofradyhonourgreatmenatHorncastle，"saidthejockey。"What，youarehurt！nevermind；allthebetter；yourscratchshowsthatyouarethebodythecomplimentwaspaidto。""Andwhatareyougoingtodowiththeotherbottle？"saidI。"Dowithit！"saidthejockey，"why，drinkit，cosilyandcomfortably，whilstholdingalittlequiettalk。TheRomanyRyeatHorncastle，whatanidea！"
　　"Andwhatwillthemasterofthehousesaytoallthisdamagewhichyouhavecausedhim！"
　　"Whatwillyourmastersay，William？"saidthejockeytothewaiter，whohadwitnessedthesingularscenejustdescribedwithoutexhibitingtheslightestmarkofsurprise。Williamsmiled，andslightlyshrugginghisshoulders，replied，"Verylittle，Idaresay，sir；thisa’n’tthefirsttimeyourhonourhasdoneathingofthiskind。""NorwillitbethefirsttimethatIshallhavepaidforit，"saidthejockey；
　　"well，IshallneverhavepaidforacertainiteminthebillwithmorepleasurethanIshallpayforitnow。Come，William，drawthecork，andletustastethepinkchampagne。"
　　Thewaiterdrewthecork，andfilledtheglasseswithapinkyliquor，whichbubbled，hissed，andfoamed。"Howdoyoulikeit？"saidthejockey，afterIhadimitatedtheexampleofmycompanions，bydespatchingmyportionatadraught。
　　"Itiswonderfulwine，"saidI；"Ihavenevertastedchampagnebefore，thoughIhavefrequentlyhearditpraised；
　　itmorethananswersmyexpectations；but，Iconfess，I
　　shouldnotwishtobeobligedtodrinkiteveryday。"
　　"NorI，"saidthejockey，"forevery—daydrinkinggivemeaglassofoldport，or—"
　　"Ofhardoldale，"Iinterposed，"which，accordingtomymind，isbetterthanallthewineintheworld。"
　　"Wellsaid，RomanyRye，"saidthejockey，"justmyownopinion；now，William，makeyourselfscarce。"
　　Thewaiterwithdrew，andIsaidtothejockey，"HowdidyoubecomeacquaintedwiththeRomanychals？"
　　"Ifirstbecameacquaintedwiththem，"saidthejockey，"whenIlivedwitholdFulcherthebasketmaker，whotookmeupwhenIwasadriftupontheworld；IdonotmeanthepresentFulcher，whoislikewisecalledoldFulcher，buthisfather，whohasbeendeadthismanyayear；whilelivingwithhiminthecaravan，Ifrequentlymettheminthegreenlanes，andoflatteryearsIhavehadoccasionaldealingswiththeminthehorseline。"
　　"Andthegypsieshavementionedmetoyou？"saidI。
　　"Frequently，"saidthejockey，"andnotonlythoseoftheseparts；why，there’sscarcelyapartofEnglandinwhichI
　　havenotheardthenameoftheRomanyRyementionedbythesepeople。Thepoweryouhaveoverthemiswonderful；thatis，Ishouldhavethoughtitwonderful，hadtheynotmorethanoncetoldmethecause。"
　　"Andwhatisthecause？"saidI，"forIamsureIdonotknow。"
　　"Thecauseisthis，"saidthejockey，"theyneverheardabadwordproceedfromyourmouth，andneverknewyoudoabadthing。"
　　"Theyareasingularpeople，"saidI。
　　"Andwhatasingularlanguagetheyhavegot，"saidthejockey。
　　"Doyouknowit？"saidI。
　　"Onlyafewwords，"saidthejockey，"theywerealwayscharyinteachingmeany。"
　　"Theywerevarysherrytometoo，"saidtheHungarian，speakinginbrokenEnglish；"Ionlycouldlearnfromthemhalf—a—dozenwords，forexample，guleray，which，inthecziganyofmycountry，meanssweetgentleman；oredesurinmyownMagyar。"
　　"GudloRye，intheRomanyofmine，meansasugar’dgentleman，"saidI；"thentherearegypsiesinyourcountry？"
　　"Plenty，"saidtheHungarian，speakingGerman，"andinRussiaandTurkeytoo；andwherevertheyarefound，theyarealikeintheirwaysandlanguage。Oh，theyareastrangerace，andhowlittleknown！Iknowlittleofthem，butenoughtosay，thatonehorse—loadofnonsensehasbeenwrittenaboutthem；
　　thereisoneValterScott—"
　　"Mindwhatyousayabouthim，"saidI；"heisourgrandauthorityinmattersofphilologyandhistory。"
　　"Aprettyphilologist，"saidtheHungarian，"whomakesthegypsiesspeakRoth—Welsch，thedialectofthieves；aprettyhistorian，whocouplestogetherThorandTzernebock。"
　　"Wheredoeshedothat？"saidI。
　　"Inhisconceitedromanceof’Ivanhoe，’hecouplesThorandTzernebocktogether，andcallsthemgodsoftheheathenSaxons。"
　　"Well，"saidI，"ThurorThorwascertainlyagodoftheheathenSaxons。"
　　"True，"saidtheHungarian；"butwhycouplehimwithTzernebock？TzernebockwasawordwhichyourValterhadpickedupsomewherewithoutknowingthemeaning。TzernebockwasnogodoftheSaxons，butoneofthegodsoftheSclaves，onthesouthernsideoftheBaltic。TheSclaveshadtwograndgodstowhomtheysacrificed，TzernebockandBielebock；
　　thatis，theblackandwhitegods，whorepresentedthepowersofdarkandlight。TheywereoverturnedbyWaldemar，theDane，thegreatenemyoftheSclaves；theaccountofwhosewarsyouwillfindinonefineoldbook，writtenbySaxoGramaticus，whichIreadinthelibraryofthecollegeofDebreczen。TheSclaves，atonetime，weremastersofallthesouthernshoreoftheBaltic，wheretheirdescendantsarestilltobefound，thoughtheyhavelosttheirlanguage，andcallthemselvesGermans；butthewordZernevitznearDantzic，stillatteststhattheSclaviclanguagewasoncecommoninthoseparts。Zernevitzmeansthethingofblackness，asTzernebockmeansthegodofblackness。Prussiaitselfmerelymeans，inSclavish，LowerRussia。ThereisscarcelyaraceorlanguageintheworldmoreextendedthantheSclavic。OntheothersideoftheDunauyouwillfindtheSclavesandtheirlanguage。CzernavodaisSclavic，andmeansblackwater；inTurkish，karasu；evenasTzernebockmeansblackgod；andBelgrade，orBelograd，meansthewhitetown；evenasBielebock，orBielebog，meansthewhitegod。Oh！heisonegreatignorant，thatValter。Heisgoing，theysay，towriteonehistoryaboutNapoleon。IdohopethatinhishistoryhewillcouplehisThorandTzernebocktogether。BymyGod！itwouldbegooddiversionthat。"
　　"WalterScottappearstobenoparticularfavouriteofyours，"saidI。
　　"Heisnot，"saidtheHungarian；"Ihatehimforhisslavishprinciples。Hewishestoseeabsolutepowerrestoredinthiscountry，andPoperyalso—andIhatehimbecause—whatdoyouthink？Inoneofhisnovels，publishedafewmonthsago，hehastheinsolencetoinsultHungaryinthepresenceofoneofhersons。Hemakeshisgreatbraggart，CoeurdeLion，flingaMagyaroverhishead。Ha！itwaswellforRichardthatheneverfeltthegripeofaHungarian。Iwishthebraggartcouldhavefeltthegripeofme，whoam’a’magyarokkoztlegkissebb，’theleastamongtheMagyars。IdohatethatScott，andallhisvilegangofLowlandersandHighlanders。Theblackcorps，thefeketeregimentofMatyjasHunyadi，wasworthalltheScots，highorlow，thateverpretendedtobesoldiers；andwouldhavesentthemallheadlongintotheBlackSea，hadtheydaredtoconfrontitonitsshores；butwhybeangrywithanignorant，whocouplestogetherThorandTzernebock？Ha！Ha！"
　　"Youhavereadhisnovels？"saidI。
　　"Yes，Ireadthemnowandthen。IdonotspeakmuchEnglish，butIcanreaditwell，andIhavereadsomeofhisromances，andmeantoreadhis’Napoleon，’inthehopeoffindingThorandTzernebockcoupledtogetherinit，asinhishigh—flying’Ivanhoe。’"
　　"Come，"saidthejockey，"nomoreDutch，whetherhighorlow。
　　Iamtiredofit；unlesswecanhavesomeEnglish，Iamofftobed。"
　　"IshouldbeverygladtohearsomeEnglish，"saidI；
　　"especiallyfromyourmouth。Severalthingswhichyouhavementioned，haveawakenedmycuriosity。Supposeyougiveusyourhistory？"
　　"Myhistory？"saidthejockey。"Arumidea！however，lestconversationshouldlag，I’llgiveityou。Firstofall，however，aglassofchampagnetoeach。"
　　Afterwehadeachtakenaglassofchampagne，thejockeycommencedhishistory。
　　CHAPTERXLI
　　TheJockey’sTale—Thieves’Latin—LibertieswithCoin—
　　TheSmasherinPrison—OldFulcher—EveryOnehasHisGift—FashionoftheEnglish。
　　"MYgrandfatherwasashorter，andmyfatherwasasmasher；
　　theonewasscragg’d，andtheotherlagg’d。"
　　Ihereinterruptedthejockeybyobservingthathisdiscoursewas，forthegreaterpart，unintelligibletome。
　　"IdonotunderstandmuchEnglish，"saidtheHungarian，who，havingreplenishedandresumedhismightypipe，wasnowsmokingaway；"but，byIsten，IbelieveitisthegibberishwhichthatgreatignorantValtherScottputsintothemouthsofthefolkshecallsgypsies。"
　　"Somethinglikeit，Iconfess，"saidI，"thoughthissoundsmoregenuinethanhisdialect，whichhepickedupoutofthecantingvocabularyattheendofthe’EnglishRogue，’abookwhich，howeverdespised，waswrittenbyaremarkablegenius。
　　Whatdoyoucallthespeechyouwereusing？"saidI，addressingmyselftothejockey。
　　"Latin，"saidthejockey，verycoolly，"thatis，thatdialectofitwhichisusedbythelight—fingeredgentry。"
　　"Heisright，"saidtheHungarian；"itiswhattheGermanscallRoth—Welsch：theycallitsobecausethereareagreatmanyLatinwordsinit，introducedbythepriests，who，atthetimeoftheReformation，beingtoolazytoworkandtoostupidtopreach，joinedthebandsofthievesandrobberswhoprowledaboutthecountry。Italy，asyouareaware，iscalledbytheGermansWelschland，orthelandoftheWelschers；andImayaddthatWallachiaderivesitsnamefromacolonyofWelscherswhichTrajansentthere。WelschandWallackbeingoneandthesameword，andtantamounttoLatin。"
　　"Idaresayyouareright，"saidI；"butwhywasItalytermedWelschland？"
　　"Idonotknow，"saidtheHungarian。
　　"ThenIthinkIcantellyou，"saidI；"itwascalledsobecausetheoriginalinhabitantswereaCimbrictribe，whowerecalledGwyltiad，thatis，araceofwildpeople，livingincoverts，whowereofthesameblood，andspokethesamelanguageasthepresentinhabitantsofWales。WelshseemsmerelyamodificationofGwyltiad。Praycontinueyourhistory，"saidItothejockey，"onlypleasetodosoinalanguagewhichwecanunderstand，andfirstofallinterpretthesentencewithwhichyoubeganit。"
　　"Itoldyouthatmygrandfatherwasashorter，"saidthejockey，"bywhichismeantagentlemanwhoshortensorreducesthecurrentcoinoftheserealms，forwhichpracticehewasscragged，thatis，hungbythescragoftheneck。AndwhenIsaidthatmyfatherwasasmasher，Imeantonewhopassesforgednotes，therebydoinghisbesttosmashtheBankofEngland；bybeinglagged，Imeanthewaslaidfast，thatis，hadachainputroundhislegandthentransported。"
　　"Yourexplanationsarequitesatisfactory，"saidI；"thethreefirstwordsaremetaphorical，andthefourth，lagged，istheoldgenuineNorseterm，lagda，whichsignifieslaid，whetherindurance，orinbed，hasnothingtodowiththematter。WhatyouhavetoldmeconfirmsmeinanopinionwhichIhavelongentertained，thatthieves’Latinisastrangemysteriousspeech，formedofmetaphoricalterms，andwordsderivedfromthevariousancientlanguages。Praytellme，now，howthegentleman，yourgrandfather，contrivedtoshortenthecoinoftheserealms？"
　　"Youshallhear，"saidthejockey；"butIhaveonethingtobegofyou，whichis，thatwhenIhaveoncebegunmyhistoryyouwillnotinterruptmewithquestions，Idon’tlikethem，theystopsone，andputsoneoutofone’stale，andarenotwanted；foranythingwhichIthinkcan’tbeunderstood，I
　　shouldmyselfexplain，withoutbeingasked。Mygrandfatherreducedorshortenedthecoinofthiscountrybythreeprocesses。Byaquafortis，byclipping，andbyfiling。
　　Filingandclippingheemployedinreducingallsortsofcoin，whethergoldorsilver；butaquafortisheusedmerelyinreducinggoldcoin，whetherguineas，jacobuses，orPortugalpieces，otherwisecalledmoidores，whichwereatonetimeascurrentasguineas。Bylayingaguineainaquafortisfortwelvehours，hecouldfilchfromittothevalueofninepence，andbylettingitremaintherefortwenty—fourtothevalueofeighteenpence，theaquafortiseatingthegoldaway，andleavingitlikeasedimentinthevessel。Hewasgenerallysatisfiedwithtakingthevalueofninepencefromaguinea，ofeighteenpencefromajacobusormoidore，orhalf—
　　a—crownfromabroadSpanishpiece，whetherhereducedthembyaquafortis，filing，orclipping。Fromafive—shillingpiece，whichiscalledabullinLatinbecauseitisroundlikeabull’shead，hewouldfileorcliptothevalueoffivepence，andfromlessercoininproportion。Hewasconnectedwithanumerousgang，orset，ofpeople，whohadgivenuptheirmindsandtalentsentirelytoshortening。"