LetyourActiniaestandforadayortwointhedish，andthen，pickingouttheliveliestandhandsomest，detachthemoncemorefromtheirhold，dropthemintoyourvase，rightthemwithabitofstick，sothatthesuckingbaseisdownwards，andleavethemtothemselvesthenceforth。
　　Thesetwospecies（MesembryanthemumandCrassicornis）arequitebeautifulenoughtogiveabeginneramusement：buttherearetwootherswhicharenotuncommon，andofsuchexceedingloveliness，thatitisworthwhiletotakealittletroubletogetthem。TheoneisDianthus，whichIhavealreadymentioned;theotherBellis，thesea—daisy，ofwhichthereisanexcellentdescriptionandplatesinMr。Gosse’s"RamblesinDevon，"pp。24to32。
　　ItiscommonatIlfracombe，andatTorquay;andindeedeverywherewheretherearecracksandsmallholesinlimestoneorslaterock。
　　Intheseholesitfixesitsbase，andexpandsitsdelicatebrown—
　　greystar—likeflowersonthesurface：butitmustbechippedoutwithhammerandchisel，attheexpenseofmuchdirtandpatience;
　　forthemomentitistoucheditcontractsdeepintotherock，andallthatisleftofthedaisyflower，sometwoorthreeinchesacross，isablueknotofhalfthesizeofamarble。Butitwillexpandagain，afteradayortwoofcaptivity，andwillrepayallthetroublewhichithascost。Troglodytesmaybefound，asIhavesaidalready，inhundredsatHastings，insimilarsituationstothatofBellis;itsonlytoken，whenthetideisdown，beingarounddimpleinthemuddysandwhichfirsthelowercracksofrocks。
　　Butyouwillwantmorethantheseanemones，bothforyourownamusement，andforthehealthofyourtank。Microscopicanimalswillbreed，andwillalsodie;andyouneedforthemsomesuchscavengerasourpoorfriendSquinado，towhomyouwereintroducedafewpagesback。Turn，then，afewstoneswhichliepiledoneachotheratextremelow—watermark，andfiveminutes’searchwillgiveyoutheveryanimalyouwant，—alittlecrab，ofadingyrussetabove，andontheundersidelikesmoothporcelain。Hisbackisquiteflat，andsoarehislargeangularfringedclaws，which，whenhefoldsthemup，lieinthesameplanewithhisshell，andfitneatlyintoitsedges。Compactlittleroguethatheis，madeespeciallyforsidlinginandoutofcracksandcrannies，hecarrieswithhimsuchanapparatusofcombsandbrushesasIsidororFlorisneverdreamedof;withwhichhesweepsoutofthesea—
　　waterateverymomentshoalsofminuteanimalcules，andsucksthemintohistinymouth。Mr。Gossewilltellyoumoreofthismarvel，inhis"Aquarium，"p。48。
　　Next，yoursea—weeds，iftheythriveastheyoughttodo，willsowtheirminutesporesinmillionsaroundthem;andthese，astheyvegetate，willformagreenfilmontheinsideoftheglass，spoilingyourprospect：youmayrubitoffforyourself，ifyouwill，witharagfastenedtoastick;butifyouwishatoncetosaveyourselftrouble，andtoseehowallemergenciesinnatureareprovidedfor，youwillsetthreeorfourliveshellstodoitforyou，andtokeepyoursub—aqueouslawnclosemown。
　　Thatlastwordisnofigureofspeech。Lookamongthebedsofsea—
　　weedforafewofthebrightyelloworgreensea—snails（Nerita），orConicalTops（Trochus），especiallythatbeautifulpinkonespottedwithbrown（Ziziphinus），whichyouaresuretofindaboutshadedrock—ledgesatdeadlowtide，andputthemintoyouraquarium。Forthepresent，theywillonlynibblethegreenulvae;
　　butwhenthefilmofyoungweedbeginstoform，youwillseeitmownoffeverymorningasfastasitgrows，inlittlesemicircularsweeps，justasifafairy’sscythehadbeenatworkduringthenight。
　　Andascythehasbeenatwork;noneotherthanthetongueofthelittleshell—fish;adescriptionofitsextraordinarymechanism（toolongtoquotehere，butwhichiswellworthreading）maybefoundinGosse’s"Aquarium。"（32）
　　Aprawnortwo，andafewminutestar—fish，willmakeyouraquariumcomplete;thoughyoumayaddtoitendlessly，asoneglanceatthesalt—watertanksoftheZoologicalGardens，andthestrangeandbeautifulformswhichtheycontain，willprovetoyousufficiently。
　　Youhavetwomoreenemiestoguardagainst，dust，andheat。Ifthesurfaceofthewaterbecomescloggedwithdust，thecommunicationbetweenitandthelife—givingoxygenoftheairiscutoff;andthenyouranimalsareliabletodie，fortheverysamereasonthatfishdieinapondwhichislongfrozenover，unlessaholebebrokenintheicetoadmittheair。Youmustguardagainstthisbyoccasionalstirringofthesurface，or，asIhavealreadysaid，bysyringingandbykeepingonacover。Apieceofmuslintiedoverwilldo;butabetterdefenceisaplateofglass，raisedonwiresomehalf—inchabovetheedge，soastoadmittheair。Iamnotsurethatasheetofbrownpaperlaidoverthevaseisnotthebestofall，becausethat，byitsshade，alsoguardsagainstthenextevil，whichisheat。Againstthatyoumustguardbyputtingacurtainofmuslinoroiledpaperbetweenthevaseandthesun，ifitbeveryfierce，orsimply（forsimpleexpedientsarebest）bylayingahandkerchiefoverittilltheheatispast。Butifyouleaveyourvaseinasunnywindowlongenoughtoletthewatergettepid，allisoverwithyourpets。Halfanhour’sboilingmayfrustratethecareofweeks。Andyet，ontheotherhand，lightyoumusthave，andyoucanhardlyhavetoomuch。Someanimalscertainlyprefershade，andhideinthedarkestcrannies;andforthem，ifyouraquariumislargeenough，youmustprovideshade，byarrangingthebitsofstoneintopilesandcaverns。Butwithoutlight，yoursea—weedswillneitherthrivenorkeepthewatersweet。
　　Withplentyoflightyouwillsee，toquoteMr。Gosseoncemore，（33）"thousandsoftinyglobulesformingoneveryplant，andevenalloverthestones，wheretheinfantvegetationisbeginningtogrow;andtheseglobulespresentlyriseinrapidsuccessiontothesurfacealloverthevessel，andthisprocessgoesonuninterruptedlyaslongastheraysofthesunareuninterrupted。
　　"NowtheseglobulesconsistofPUREOXYGEN，givenoutbytheplantsunderthestimulusoflight;andtothisoxygentheanimalsinthetankowetheirlife。Thedifferencebetweentheprofusionofoxygen—bubblesproducedonasunnyday，andthepaucityofthoseseenonadarkcloudyday，orinanorthernaspect，isverymarked。"Choose，therefore，asouthoreastwindow，butdrawdowntheblind，orthrowahandkerchiefoveralliftheheatbecomefierce。Thewatershouldalwaysfeelcoldtoyourhand，letthetemperatureoutsidebewhatitmay。
　　Next，youmustmakeupforevaporationbyFRESHwater（averylittlewillsuffice），asoftenasinsummeryoufindthewaterinyourvasesinkbelowitsoriginallevel，andpreventthewaterfromgettingtoosalt。Forthesalts，remember，donotevaporatewiththewater;andifyouleftthevaseinthesunforafewweeks，itwouldbecomeamerebrine—pan。
　　Buthowwillyoumoveyourtreasuresuptotown？
　　ThesimplestplanwhichIhavefoundsuccessfulisanearthenjar。
　　Youmaybuythemwithacoverwhichscrewsonwithtwoironclasps。
　　Ifyoudonotfindsuch，apieceofoilskintiedoverthemouthisenough。Butdonotfillthejarfullofwater;leaveaboutaquarterofthecontentsinemptyair，whichthewatermayabsorb，andsokeepitselffresh。Andanypiecesofstone，oroysters，whichyousendup，hangbyastringfromthemouth，thattheymaynothurttenderanimalsbyrollingaboutthebottom。Withthesesimpleprecautions，anythingwhichyouarelikelytofindwillwellendureforty—eighthoursoftravel。
　　Whatifthewaterfails，afterall？
　　ThenMr。Gosse’sartificialsea—waterwillformaperfectsubstitute。Youmaybuytherequisitesalts（fortherearemoresaltsthan"salt"insea—water）fromanychemisttowhomMr。Gossehasentrustedhisdiscovery，and，accordingtohisdirections，makesea—waterforyourselfOnemorehintbeforewepart。If，afterall，youarenotgoingdowntothesea—sidethisyear，andhavenoopportunitiesoftesting"thewondersoftheshore，"youmaystillstudyNaturalHistoryinyourowndrawing—room，bylookingalittleinto"thewondersofthepond。"
　　Iamnotjesting;afresh—wateraquarium，thoughbynomeansasbeautifulasasalt—waterone，isevenmoreeasilyestablished。A
　　glassjar，flooredwithtwoorthreeinchesofpond—mud（whichshouldbecoveredwithfinegraveltopreventthemudwashingup）;
　　aspecimenofeachoftwowater—plantswhichyoumaybuynowatanygoodshopinCoventGarden，Vallisneriaspiralis（whichissaidtogivetotheCanvas—backedduckofAmericaitspeculiarrichnessofflavour），andAnacharisalsinastrum，thatmagicalweedwhich，latelyintroducedfromCanadaamongtimber，hasmultiplied，self—
　　sown，tosoprodigiousanextent，thatitbidfair，afewyearssince，tochokethenavigationnotonlyofourcanalsandfen—
　　rivers，butoftheThamesitself：（34）or，indefaultofthese，someofthemoredelicatepond—weeds;suchasCallitriche，Potamogetonpusillum，and，bestofall，perhaps，thebeautifulWater—Milfoil（Myriophyllium），whosecomb—likeleavesarethehauntsofnumberlessrareandcuriousanimalcules：—these（inthemselves，fromthetransparencyoftheircirculation，interestingmicroscopicobjects）foroxygen—breedingvegetables;andforanimals，thepickingsofanypond;aminnowortwo，aneft;afewofthedelicatepond—snails（unlesstheydevouryourplantstoorapidly）：water—beetles，ofactivityinconceivable，andthatwondrousbugtheNotonecta，wholiesonhisbackallday，rowingabouthisboat—shapedbody，withonelongpairofoars，insearchofanimalcules，andthemomentthelightsareout，turnsheadoverheels，rightshimself，andopeningapairofhandsomewings，startstoflyaboutthedarkroomincompanywithhisfriendthewater—
　　beetle，and（Isuspect）catchflies;andthenslipsbackdemurelyintothewaterwiththefirststreakofdawn。ButperhapsthemostinterestingofallthetribesoftheNaiads，—（indefault，ofcourse，ofthosesemi—humannymphswithwhichourTeutonicforefathers，liketheGreeks，peopledeach"sacredfountain，"）—
　　arethelittle"water—crickets，"whichmaybefoundrunningunderthepebbles，orburrowinginlittlegalleriesinthebanks：andthose"caddises，"whichcrawlonthebottominthestillerwaters，enclosed，allsavetheheadandlegs，inatubeofsandorpebbles，shellsorsticks，greenordeadweeds，oftenarrangedwithquaintsymmetry，orofverygracefulshape。Theiraspectinthisstatemaybesomewhatuninviting，buttheycompensatefortheiryouthfuluglinessbythestrangenessoftheirtransformations，andoftenbythedelicatebeautyoftheperfectinsects，asthe"caddises，"
　　risingtothesurface，becomeflyingPhryganeae（caperersandsand—
　　flies），generallyofvariousshadesoffawn—colour;andthewater—
　　crickets（thoughanunscientificeyemaybeabletodiscernbutlittledifferenceintheminthe"larva，"orimperfectstate）
　　changeintofliesofthemostvariousshapes;—one，perhaps，intothegreatsluggisholive"Stone—fly"（Perlabicaudata）;anotherintothedelicatelemon—coloured"YellowSally"（Chrysoperlaviridis）;anotherintothedarkchocolate"Alder"（Sialislutaria）：
　　andthemajorityintodunsanddrakes（Ephemerae）;whosegraceofform，anddelicacyofcolour，givethemarighttorankamongthemostexquisiteofGod’screations，fromthetiny"Spinners"（Ba塼isorChloron）ofincandescentglass，withgorgeousrainbow—colouredeyes，tothegreatGreenDrake（Ephemeravulgata），knowntoallfishermenastheprinceoftrout—flies。Theseanimals，theirhabits，theirmiraculoustransformations，mightgivemanyanhour’squietamusementtoaninvalid，laidonasofa，orimprisonedinasick—room，anddebarredfromreading，unlessbysomesuchmeans，anypageofthatgreatgreenbookoutside，whosepenisthefingerofGod，whosecoversarethefirekingdomsandthestarkingdoms，anditsleavestheheather—bells，andthepolypesofthesea，andthegnatsabovethesummerstream。
　　Isaidjustnow，thathappywasthesportsmanwhowasalsoanaturalist。And，havingoncementionedthesecuriouswater—flies，Icannothelpgoingalittlefarther，andsaying，thatluckyisthefishermanwhoisalsoanaturalist。Afairscientificknowledgeoftheflieswhichheimitates，andoftheirhabits，wouldoftenensurehimsport，whileothermenaregoinghomewithemptycreels。
　　Onewouldhavefanciedthisaself—evidentfact;yetIhaveneverfoundanysoundknowledgeofthenaturalwater—flieswhichhauntagivenstream，exceptamongcunningoldfishermenofthelowerclass，whogettheirlivingbythegentleart，andbringtoindoorsbasketsoftroutkilledonflies，whichlookasiftheyhadbeentiedwithapairoftongs，soroughandungainlyarethey;butwhich，nevertheless，kill，simplybecausetheyare（inCOLOUR，whichisallthatfishreallycarefor）exactlikenessesofsomeobscurelocalspecies，whichhappentobeonthewateratthetime。
　　Amonggentlemen—fishermen，ontheotherhand，sodeepistheignoranceofthenaturalfly，thatIhaveknowngoodsportsmenstillunderthedelusionthatthegreatgreenMay—flycomesoutofacaddis—bait;thegentlemenhavingneverseen，muchlessfishedwith，thatmostdeadlybaitthe"Water—cricket，"orfreecreepinglarvaoftheMay—fly，whichmaybefoundinMayundertheriver—
　　banks。Theconsequenceofthisignoranceisthattheydependforgoodpatternsoffliesonmerechanceandexperiment;andthattheshoppatterns，originallyexcellent，deterioratecontinually，tilllittleornolikenesstotheirlivingprototyperemains，beingtiedbytowngirls，whohavenomoreunderstandingofwhatthefeathersandmohairintheirhandsrepresentthantheyhaveofwhattheNationalDebtrepresents。Hencefollowsmanyafailureatthestream—side;becausethe"Caperer，"or"Dun，"or"YellowSally，"
　　whichisproducedfromthefly—book，though，possibly，likethebroodwhichcameoutthreeyearssinceonsomestreamahundredmilesaway，isquiteunlikethebroodwhichisoutto—dayonone’sownriver。Fornotonlydomostofthesefliesvaryincolourindifferentsoilsandclimates，butmanyofthemchangetheirhueduringlife;theEphemerae，especially，haveahabitofthrowingoffthewholeoftheirskins（even，marvellouslyenough，totheskinoftheeyesandwings，andthedelicate"whisks"attheirtail），andappearinginanutterlynewgarbaftertenminutes’
　　rest，tothediscomfitureoftheastonishedangler。
　　Thenaturalhistoryoftheseflies，IunderstandfromMr。Stainton（oneofourmostdistinguishedentomologists），hasnotyetbeenworkedout，atleastforEngland。Theonlyattempt，Ibelieve，inthatdirectionisonemadebyacharmingbook，"TheFly—fisher’sEntomology，"whichshouldbeineverygoodangler’slibrary;butwhyshouldnotafewfishermencombinetoworkoutthesubjectforthemselves，andstudyfortheinterestsbothofscienceandtheirownsport，"TheWondersoftheBank？"Thework，pettyasitmayseem，ismuchtoogreatforoneman，soprodigalisNatureofherforms，inthestreamasintheocean;butwhatifacorrespondencewereopenedbetweenafewfishermen—ofwhomoneshouldlive，say，bytheHampshireorBerkshirechalkstreams;anotherontheslatesandgranitesofDevon;anotheronthelimestonesofYorkshireorDerbyshire;anotheramongtheyetearlierslatesofSnowdonia，orsomemountainpartofWales;andmorethanoneamongthehillsoftheBorderandthelakesoftheHighlands？Eachwouldfind（I
　　suspect），oncomparinghisinsectswiththoseoftheothers，thathewasexploringalittlepeculiarworldofhisown，andthatwiththeexceptionofacertainnumberoftypicalforms，thefliesofhiscountywereunknownahundredmilesaway，or，atleast，appearedthereundergreatdifferencesofsizeandcolour;andeach，ifhewouldtakethetroubletocollectthecaddisesandwater—crickets，andbreedthemintotheperfectflyinanaquarium，wouldseemarvelsintheirtransformations，theirinstincts，theiranatomy，quiteasgreat（thoughnot，perhaps，asshowyandstartling）asIhavebeentryingtopointoutonthesea—shore。
　　Moreover，eachandeveryoneoftheparty，Iwillwarrant，willfindhisfellow—correspondents（perhapspreviouslyunknowntohim）
　　menworthknowing;not，itmaybe，ofthemeditativeandhalf—
　　saintlytypeofdearoldIzaakWalton（who，afterall，wasnofly—
　　fisher，butasedentary"popjoy"guiltyoffloatandworm），butrather，likehisfly—fishingdiscipleCotton，goodfellowsandmenoftheworld，and，perhaps，somethingbetteroverandabove。
　　Thesuggestionhasbeenmade。Williteverbetakenup，anda"NaiadClub"formed，forthecombinationofsportandscience？
　　And，now，howcanthisdesultorylittletreatiseendmoreusefullythaninrecommendingafewbooksonNaturalHistory，fitfortheuseofyoungpeople;andfittoserveasintroductionstosuchdeeperandlargerworksasYarrell’s"BirdsandFishes，"Bell’s"Quadrupeds"and"Crustacea，"ForbesandHanley’s"Mollusca，"
　　Owen’s"FossilMammalsandBirds，"andahostofotheradmirableworks？Notthatthislistwillcontainallthebest;butsimplythebestofwhichthewriterknows;let，therefore，nonefeelaggrieved，if，asitmaychance，openingthesepages，theyfindtheirbooksomitted。
　　Firstandforemost，certainly，comeMr。Gosse’sbooks。Thereisaplayfulandgenialspiritinthem，abrilliantpowerofword—
　　paintingcombinedwithdeepandearnestreligiousfeeling，whichmakesthemasmorallyvaluableastheyareintellectuallyinteresting。SinceWhite’s"HistoryofSelborne，"fewornowritersonNaturalHistory，saveMr。Gosse，Mr。G。H。Lewes，andpoorMr。E。Forbes，havehadthepowerofbringingoutthehumansideofscience，andgivingtoseeminglydrydisquisitionsandanimalsofthelowesttype，bylittletouchesofpathosandhumour，thatlivingandpersonalinterest，tobestowwhichisgenerallythespecialfunctionofthepoet：notthatWatertonandJessearenotexcellentinthisrespect，andauthorswhoshouldbeineveryboy’slibrary：buttheyareratheranecdotiststhansystematicorscientificinquirers;whileMr。Gosse，inhis"NaturalistontheShoresofDevon，"his"TourinJamaica，"his"Tenby，"andhis"CanadianNaturalist，"hasdoneforthosethreeplaceswhatWhitedidforSelborne，withalltheimprovedappliancesofasciencewhichhaswidenedanddeepenedtenfoldsinceWhite’stime。Mr。
　　Gosse’s"ManualoftheMarineZoologyoftheBritishIsles"is，forclassification，byfarthecompletesthandbookextant。HehascontrivedinittocompressmoresoundknowledgeofvastclassesoftheanimalkingdomthanIeversawbeforeinsosmallaspace。（35）
　　MissAnnePratt’s"ThingsoftheSea—coast"isexcellent;andstillbetterisProfessorHarvey’s"Sea—sideBook，"ofwhichitisimpossibletospeaktoohighly;andmostpleasantitistoseeamanofgeniusandlearningthusgatheringthebloomofhisvariedknowledge，toputitintoaformequallysuitedtoachildandaSAVANT。Seldom，perhaps，hastherebeenalittlebookinwhichsovastaquantityoffactshavebeentoldsogracefully，simply，withoutataintofpedantryorcumbrousness—anexcellencewhichisthesureandonlymarkofaperfectmasteryofthesubject。Mr。
　　G。H。Lewes’s"Sea—shoreStudies"arealsoveryvaluable;hardlyperhapsabookforbeginners，butfromhisadmirablepowerofdescription，whetherofanimalsorofscenes，isinterestingforallclassesofreaders。
　　Twolittle"Popular"Histories—oneofBritishZoophytes，theotherofBritishSea—weeds，byDr。Landsborough（sincedeadofcholera，atSaltcoats，thesceneofhisenergeticandpiousministry）—areveryexcellent;andarefurnished，too，withwell—
　　drawnandcolouredplates，forthecomfortofthosetowhomascientificnomenclature（asliableasanyotherhumanthingtobefaultyandobscure）conveysbutavagueconceptionoftheobjects。
　　Thesemayservewellforthebeginner，asintroductionstoProfessorHarvey’slargeworkonBritishAlgae，andtotheneweditionofProfessorJohnston’sinvaluable"BritishZoophytes，"
　　MissGifford’s"MarineBotanist，"thirdedition，andDr。Cocks’s"Sea—weedCollector’sGuide，"havealsobeenrecommendedbyahighauthority。
　　ForgeneralZoologythebestbooksforbeginnersare，perhaps，asageneralintroduction，theRev。J。A。L。Wood’s"PopularZoology，"
　　fullofexcellentplates;andforsystematicZoology，Mr。Gosse’sfourlittlebooks，onMammals，Birds，Reptiles，andFishes，publishedwithmanyplates，bytheChristianKnowledgeSociety，atamarvellouslycheaprate。Formiscroscopicanimalcules，MissAgnesCatlow’s"DropsofWater"willteachtheyoungmorethantheywilleverremember，andserveasagoodintroductiontothoseteemingabyssesoftheunseenworld，whichmustbeafterwardstraversedundertheguidanceofHassallandEhrenberg。
　　ForOrnithology，thereisnobook，afterall，likedearoldBewick，PASSEthoughhemaybeinascientificpointofview。ThereisagoodlittleBritishornithology，too，publishedinSirW。Jardine’s"Naturalist’sLibrary，"andanotherbyMr。Gosse。AndMr。Knox’s"OrnithologicalRamblesinSussex，"withMr。St。John’s"HighlandSports，"and"TourinSutherlandshire，"arethemonographsofnaturalists，gentlemen，andsportsmen，whichremindoneateverypage（andwhathigherpraisecanonegive？）ofWhite’s"HistoryofSelborne。"Theselast，withMr。Gosse’s"CanadianNaturalist，"andhislittlebook"TheOcean，"notforgettingDarwin’sdelightful"VoyageoftheBeagleandAdventure，"oughttobeinthehandsofeveryladwhoislikelytotraveltoourcolonies。
　　ForgeneralGeology，ProfessorAnsted’sIntroductionisexcellent;
　　while，asaspecimenofthewayinwhichasingledistrictmaybethoroughlyworkedout，andtheuniversalmethodofinductionlearntfromanarrowfieldofobjects，whatbookcan，orperhapseverwill，comparewithMr。HughMiller’s"OldRedSandstone"？
　　Forthislastreason，IespeciallyrecommendtotheyoungtheRev。
　　C。A。Johns’s"WeekattheLizard，"asteachingayoungpersonhowmuchthereistobeseenandknownwithinafewsquaremilesoftheseBritishIsles。But，indeed，allMr。Johns’sbooksaregood（astheyareboundtobe，consideringhismostaccurateandvariedknowledge），especiallyhis"FlowersoftheField，"thebestcheapintroductiontosystematicbotanywhichhasyetappeared。Trained，andallbutself—trained，likeMr。HughMiller，inaremoteandnarrowfieldofobservation，Mr。Johnshasdevelopedhimselfintooneofourmostacuteandperseveringbotanists，andhasaddedmanyanewtreasuretotheFloraoftheseisles;andoneperson，atleast，oweshimadeepdebtofgratitudeforfirstlessonsinscientificaccuracyandpatience，—lessonstaught，notdullyanddrylyatthebookanddesk，butlivinglyandgenially，inadventurousramblesoverthebleakcliffsandfernywoodsofthewildAtlanticshore，—
　　"WheretheoldfableoftheguardedmountLookstowardNamancosandBayona’shold。"
　　Mr。Henfrey’s"RudimentsofBotany"mightaccompanyMr。Johns’sbooks。Mr。Babington’s"ManualofBritishBotany"isalsomostcompactandhighlyfinished，andseemsthebestworkwhichIknowoffromwhichastudentsomewhatadvancedinEnglishbotanycanverifyspecies;whileforferns，Moore’s"Handbook"isprobablythebestforbeginners。
　　ForEntomology，which，afterall，isthestudymostfitforboys（asBotanyisforgirls）whohavenoopportunityforvisitingthesea—shore，Catlow’s"PopularBritishEntomology，"havingcolouredplates（adelighttoyoungpeople），andsayingsomethingofalltheorders，is，probably，stillagoodworkforbeginners。
　　Mr。Stainton’s"Entomologist’sAnnualfor1855"containsvaluablehintsofthatgentleman’sontakingandarrangingmothsandbutterflies;aswellasofMr。Wollaston’sonperformingthesamekindofficeforthatfarmorenumerous，andnotlessbeautifulclass，thebeetles。Thereisalsoanadmirable"ManualofBritishButterfliesandMoths，"byMr。Stainton，incourseofpublication;
　　but，perhaps，themostinterestingofallentomologicalbookswhichIhaveseen（andforintroducingmetowhichImustexpressmyheartythankstoMr。Stainton），is"PracticalHintsrespectingMothsandButterflies，formingaCalendarofEntomologicalOperations，"（36）byRichardShield，asimpleLondonworking—man。
　　IwouldgladlydevotemorespacethanIcanheresparetoareviewofthislittlebook，soperfectlydoesitcorroborateeverywordwhichIhavesaidalreadyastothemoralandintellectualvalueofsuchstudies。RichardShield，makinghimselfafirst—rate"lepidopterist，"whileworkingwithhishandsforapoundaweek，istheantitypeofMr。Peach，thecoast—guardsman，amonghisCornishtide—rocks。Butmorethanthis，thereisaboutShield’sbookatoneasofIzaakWaltonhimself，whichisverydelightful;
　　tender，poetical，andreligious，yetfullofquietquaintnessandhumour;showingineverypagehowtheloveforNaturalHistoryisinhimonlyoneexpressionofaloveforallthingsbeautiful，andpure，andright。IfanyreadersofthesepagesfancythatIover—
　　praisethebook，letthembuyit，andjudgeforthemselves。Theywillthushelpthegoodmantowardpursuinghisstudieswithlargerandbetterappliances，andwillbe（asIexpect）surprisedtofindhowmuchthereistobeseenanddone，evenbyaworking—man，withinaday’swalkofsmokyBabylonitself;andhoweasilyamanmight，ifhewould，washhissoulcleanforawhilefromalltheturmoilandintrigue，thevanityandvexationofspiritofthat"too—populouswilderness，"bygoingouttobealoneawhilewithGodinheaven，andwiththatearthwhichHehasgiventothechildrenofmen，notmerelyforthematerialwantsoftheirbodies，butasawitnessandasacramentthatinHimtheyliveandmove，andhavetheirbeing，"notbybreadalone，butbyEVERYwordthatproceedethoutofthemouthofGod。"
　　ThusIwrotesometwentyyearsago，whenthestudyofNaturalHistorywasconfinedmainlytoseveralscientificmen，ormerecollectorsofshells，insects，anddriedplants。
　　Sincethen，Iamgladtosay，ithasbecomeapopularandcommonpursuit，owing，Idoubtnot，totheimpulsegiventoitbythemanyauthorswhoseworksIthenrecommended。Irecommendthemstill;
　　thoughaswarmofothermanualsandpopularworkshaveappearedsince，excellentintheirway，andalmostbeyondcounting。Butallhonourtothose，andabovealltoMr。GosseandMr。Johns，whofirstopenedpeople’seyestothewondersaroundthemalldaylong。
　　Now，wehave，inadditiontoamusingbooksonspecialsubjects，serialsonNaturalHistorymoreorlessprofound，andsuitedtoeverykindofstudentandeverygradeofknowledge。Imentionthenamesofnone。Forfirst，theyhappilyneednoadvertisementfromme;andnext，Ifeartobeunjusttoanyoneofthembyinadvertentlyomittingitsname。Letmeadd，thatintheadvertisingcolumnsofthoseserials，willbefoundnoticesofallthenewmanuals，andofallapparatus，andothermatters，neededbyamateurnaturalists，andofmanywhoaremorethanamateurs。
　　Microscopy，meanwhile，andthewholestudyof"TheWondersoftheLittle，"havemadevaststridesinthelasttwentyyears;andIwasequallysurprisedandpleased，tofind，threeyearsago，ineachoftwotownsofafewthousandinhabitants，perhapsadozengoodmicroscopes，allbuthiddenawayfromthepublic，workedbymenwhoknewhowtohandlethem，andwhoknewwhattheywerelookingat;
　　butwhomodestlyrefrainedfromtellinganybodywhattheyweredoingsowell。Anditwasthisverydiscoveryofunsuspectedmicroscopistswhichmadememoredesirousthanevertosee—asI
　　seenowinmanyplaces—scientificsocieties，bymeansofwhichthefew，whootherwisewouldworkapart，maycommunicatetheirknowledgetoeachother，andtothemany。These"Microscopic，"
　　"Naturalist，""Geological，"orothersocieties，andthe"FieldClubs"forexcursionsintothecountry，whichareusuallyconnectedwiththem，formamostpleasantandhopefulnewfeatureinEnglishSociety;bringingtogether，astheydo，almostallranks，allshadesofopinion;andithasgivenmedeeppleasuretosee，inthecaseatleastoftheCountryClubswithwhichIamacquainted，theclergyoftheChurchofEnglandtakinganactive，andoftenaleading，interestintheirpracticalwork。Thetownclergyare，forthemostpart，tooutterlyoverworkedtofollowtheexampleoftheircountrybrethren。ButIhavereasontoknowthattheyregardsuchsocieties，andNaturalHistoryingeneral，withnounfriendlyeyes;andthatthereislessfearthaneverthattheclergyoftheChurchofEnglandshouldhavetorelinquishtheirancientboast—
　　thatsincetheformationoftheRoyalSocietyintheseventeenthcentury，theyhavedonemoreforsoundphysicalsciencethananyotherpriesthoodorministryintheworld。Letmeadviseanyonewhomaydomethehonourofreadingthesepages，todiscoverwhethersuchaCluborSocietyexistsinhisneighbourhood，andtojoinitforthwith，certainthat—ifhisexperiencebeatalllikemine—hewillgainmostpleasantinformationandmostpleasantacquaintances，andpassmostpleasantdaysandevenings，amongpeoplewhomhewillbegladtoknow，andwhomheneverwouldhaveknownsaveforthenew—andnow，Ihope，rapidlyspreading—
　　freemasonryofNaturalHistory。
　　Meanwhile，Ihope—thoughIdarenotsayItrust—toseethedaywhentheboysofeachofourlargeschoolsshalljoin—likethoseofMarlboroughandClifton—thesamefreemasonry;andhavetheirownNaturalists’Clubs;naymore;whenourpublicschoolsanduniversitiesshallawaketotherealneedsoftheage，and—eventothecurtailingofthetimeusuallyspentinnotlearningLatinandGreek—teachboystherudimentsatleastofbotany，zoology，geology，andsoforth;andwhenthepublicopinion，atleastoftherefinedandeducated，shallconsideritasludicrous—tousenostrongerword—tobeignorantofthecommonestfactsandlawsofthislivingplanet，astobeignorantoftherudimentsoftwodeadlanguages。Allhonourtothesaidtwolanguages。Ignoranceofthemisaseriousweakness;foritimpliesignoranceofmanythingselse;andindeed，withoutsomeknowledgeofthem，thenomenclatureofthephysicalsciencescannotbemastered。ButIhavegottodiscoverthataboy’stimeismoreusefullyspent，andhisintellectmoremethodicallytrained，bygettingupOvid’sFastiwithanulteriorhopeofbeingabletowriteafewLatinverses，thaningettingupProfessorRolleston’s"FormsofAnimalLife，"oranyotheroftheexcellentScientificManualsforbeginners，whicharenow，asIsaid，happilysonumerous。
　　Maythatdaysooncome;andanolddreamofmine，andofmyscientificfriends，befulfilledatlast。
　　AndsoIendthislittlebook，hoping，evenpraying，thatitmayencourageafewmorelabourerstogoforthintoavineyard，whichthosewhohavetoiledinitknowtobefullofever—freshhealth，andwonderandsimplejoy，andthepresenceandthegloryofHimwhosenameisLOVE。
　　APPENDIX。
　　PLATEI。
　　ZOOPHYTA。POLYZOA。
　　THEformsofanimallifewhicharenowunitedinanindependentclass，underthenamePolyzoa，sonearlyresembletheHydroidZoophytesingeneralformandappearancethatacasualobservermaysupposethemtobenearlyidentical。Inallbutthemorerecentworks，theyaretreatedasdistinctindeed，butstillincludedunderthegeneralterm"ZOOPHYTES。"Theanimalsofbothgroupsareminute，polypiformcreatures，mostlylivingintransparentcells，springingfromthesidesofastemwhichunitesanumberofindividualsinonecommonlife，andgrowsinashrub—likeformuponanysubmarinebody，suchasashell，arock，aweed，orevenanotherpolypidomtowhichitisparasiticallyattached。Eachpolype，inbothclasses，protrudesfromandretreatswithinitscellbyanindependentaction，andwhenprotrudedputsforthacircleoftentacleswhosemotionroundthemouthisthemeansofsecuringnourishment。Thereare，however，peculiaritiesinthestructureofthePolyzoawhichseemtoremovethemfromZoophytologytoaplaceinthesystemofnaturemorenearlyconnectedwithMolluscantypes。Someofthemcomesoneartothecompoundascidiansthattheyhavebeentermed，asanorder，"Zoophytaascidioida。"
　　Thesimplestformofpolypeisthatofafleshybagopenatoneend，surmountedbyacircleofcontractilethreadsorfingerscalledtentacles。Theplateshows，onaveryminutescale，atfigs。1，3，and6，severaloftheselittlepolypiformbodiesprotrudingfromtheircells。ButtheHydraorFresh—waterPolypehasnocell，andisquiteunconnectedwithanyrootthread，orwithotherindividualsofthesamespecies。Itisperfectlyfree，andsosimpleinitsstructure，thatwhenthesacwhichformsitsbodyisturnedinsideoutitwillcontinuetoperformthefunctionsoflifeasbefore。Thegreaterpart，however，oftheseHydraformPolypes，althoughequallysimpleasindividuals，areconnectedinacompoundlifebymeansoftheirvariouslyformedPOLYPIDOM，asthebranchedsystemofcellsistermed。TheHydroidZoophytesarerepresentedinthefirstplatebythefollowingexamples。
　　HYDROIDA。
　　SERTULARIAROSEA。PL。I。FIG。6。
　　Aspecieswhichhasthecellsinpairsonoppositesidesofthecentraltube，withtheopeningsturnedoutwards。Inthemoreenlargedfigureisseenaseptumacrosstheinnerpartofeachcellwhichformsthebaseuponwhichthepolyperests。Fig。6B
　　indicatesthenaturalsizeofthepieceofbranchrepresented;butitmustberememberedthatthisisonlyasmallportionofthebushyshrub。
　　CAMPANULARIASYRINGA。PL。I。FIG。8。
　　ThisZoophytetwinesitselfparasiticallyuponaspeciesofSertularia。Thecellsinthisspeciesarethrownoutatirregularintervalsuponflexiblestemswhicharewrinkledinrings。Theyconsistoflengthened，cylindrical，transparentvases。
　　CAMPANULARIAVOLUBILIS。PL。I。FIG。9。
　　Astillmorebeautifulspecies，withlengthenedfoot—stalksringedateachend。Thepolypeisremarkablefortheprotrusionandcontractilepowerofitslips。Ithasabouttwentyknobbedtentacula。
　　POLYZOA。
　　AmongPolyzoatheanimal’sbodyiscoatedwithamembraneouscovering，likethatoftheTunicatedMollusca，butwhichisacontinuationoftheedgeofthecell，whichdoublesbackuponthebodyinsuchamannerthatwhentheanimalprotrudesfromitscellitpushesouttheflexiblemembranejustasonewouldturninsideoutthefingerofaglove。Thisonenessofcellandpolypeisadistinctivecharacterofthegroup。Anotheristhehigherorganizationoftheinternalparts。Themouth，surroundedbytentacles，leadsbygulletandgizzardthroughachannelintoadigestingstomach，fromwhichtherejectablematterpassesupwardsthroughanintestinalcanaltillitisdischargednearthemouth。
　　ThetentaclesalsodiffermuchfromthoseoftruePolypes。Insteadofbeingfleshyandcontractile，theyareratherstiff，resemblingspunglass，setonthesideswithvibratingcilia，whichbytheirmotionuponesideanddowntheotherofeachtentacle，produceacurrentwhichimpelstheirlivingfoodintothemouth。Whenthesetentaclesarewithdrawn，theyaregatheredupinabundle，likethestaysofanumbrella。OurPlateI。containsthefollowingexamplesofPolyzoa。
　　VALKERIACUSCUTA。PL。I。FIG。3。
　　FromagroupinoneofMr。Lloyd’svases。Fig。3Aisthenaturalsizeofthecentralgroupofcells，inaspecimencoiledroundathread—likeweed。Underneaththisisthesameportionenlarged。
　　Whenmagnifiedtothisapparentsize，thecellscouldbeseenindifferentstates，someclosed，andotherswiththeirbodiesprotruded。Whenmagnifiedto3D，wecouldpleasantlywatchthegradualeversionofthemembrane，thenthepointsofthetentaclesslowlyappearing，andthen，whenfullyprotruded，suddenlyexpandingintoabell—shapedcircle。Thiswastheirusualappearance，butsometimestheycouldbenoticedbendinginwards，asinfig。3C，asiftoimprisonsomelivingatomofimportance。
　　Fig。Brepresentstwotentacles，showingthedirectioninwhichtheciliavibrate。
　　CRISIADENTICULATA。PL。I。FIG。4。
　　Ihaveonlydrawnthecellsfromapreparedspecimen。Thepolypesarelikethosedescribedabove。
　　GEMELLARIALORICATA。PL。I。FIG。5。
　　Herethecellsareplacedinpairs，backtoback。5Aisaverysmallportiononthenaturalscale。
　　CELLULARIACILIATA。Pl。I。FIG。7
　　Thecellsarealternateonthestem，andarecuriouslyarmedwithlongwhip—likeciliaorspines。Onthebackofsomeofthecellsisaverystrangeappendage，theuseofwhichisnotwithcertaintyascertained。Itisaminutebody，slightlyresemblingavulture’shead，withamovablelowerbeak。Thewholeheadkeepsupanoddingmotion，andthemovablebeakoccasionallyopenswidely，andthensuddenlysnapstowithajerk。Ithasbeenseentoholdananimalculebetweenitsjawstillthelatterhasdied，butithasnopowertocommunicatethepreytothepolypeinitscellortoswallowanddigestitonitsownaccount。Itiscertainlynotanindependentparasite，ashasbeensupposed，andyetitspurposeintheanimaleconomyisamystery。Mr。Gosseconjecturesthatitsusemaybe，byholdinganimalculestilltheydieanddecay，toattractbytheirputrescencecrowdsofotheranimalcules，whichmaythusbedrawnwithintheinfluenceofthepolype’sciliatedtentacles。Fig。7Bshowstheformofoneofthese"birds’heads，"
　　andfig。7C，itspositiononthecell。
　　FLUSTRALINEATA。PL。I。FIG。1。
　　InFlustrae，thecellsareplacedsidebysideonanexpandedmembrane。Fig。1representsthegeneralappearanceofaspecieswhichatleastresemblesF。lineataasfiguredinJohnston’swork。
　　ItisspreaduponaFucus。Fig。Aisanenlargedviewofthecells。
　　FLUSTRAFOLIACEA。PL。I。FIG。2。
　　Wefigureafrondortwoofthecommonspecies，whichhascellsonbothsides。Itisrarelythatthepolypescanbeseeninastateofexpansion。
　　SERIALARIALENDIGERA。PL。I。fig。10。
　　NOTAMIABURSARIA。PL。I。fig。11。
　　The"tobacco—pipe""appendages，fig。11B，areofunknownuse：
　　theyareprobablyanalogoustothebirds’headsintheCellularae。
　　PLATEV。
　　CORALSANDSEAANEMONES。
　　CARYOPHYLLAEASMITHII。PL。V。FIG。2。PL。VI。FIG。3。
　　THEconnectionbetweenBrainstones，MushroomCorals，andotherMadreporesaboundingonPolynesianreefs，andthe"SeaAnemones，"
　　whichhavelatelybecomesofamiliartousall，canbeseenbycomparingourcomparativelyinsignificantC。SmithiiwithourcommonestspeciesofActiniaandSagartia。Theformerisabeautifulobjectwhenthefleshypartandtentaclesarewhollyorpartiallyexpanded。LikeActinia，ithasamembranouscovering，asimplesac—likestomach，acentralmouth，adisksurroundedbycontractileandadhesivetentacles。UnlikeActinia，itisfixedtosubmarinebodies，towhichitisgluedinveryearlylife，andcannotchangeitsplace。UnlikeActinia，itsbodyissupportedbyastonyskeletonofcalcareousplatesarrangededgewisesoastoradiatefromthecentre。ButaswefindsomeMolluscsfurnishedwithashell，andothersevenofthesamecharacterandhabitswithoutone，sowefindthatinspiteofthisseeminglyimportantdifference，theanimalsareverysimilarintheirnature。Sincetheintroductionofglasstankswehaveopportunitiesofseeinganemonescrawlingupthesides，soastoexhibittheirentirebasaldisk，andthenwemayobservelightlycolouredlinesofalesstransparentsubstancethantheinterstices，radiatingfromthemargintothecentre，someshort，othersreachingtheentiredistance，andarrangedinexactlythesamemannerastheplatesofCaryophyllaea。Thesearedoubtlessflexiblewallsofcompartmentsdividingthefleshypartsofthesofteranimals，andcorrespondingwiththeseptaofthecoral。Fig。2Arepresentsasectionofthelatter，tobecomparedwiththebasaldiskofSagartia。
　　SAGARTIAANGUICOMA。PL。V。FIG。3，A，B。
　　ThisgenushasbeenseparatedfromActiniaonaccountofitshabitofthrowingoutthreadswhenirritated。Althoughmyspecimensoftenassumedtheformrepresentedinfig。3，Mr。Lloydinformsmethatitmusthavearisenfromunhealthinessofcondition，itsusualhabitbeingtocontractintoamoreflattenedform。Whenfullyexpanded，itstransparentandlengthenedtentaclespresentabeautifulappearance。Fig。3A，showingabasaldisk，isgivenforthepurposealreadydescribed。
　　BALANOPHYLLAEAREGIA。PL。V。FIG。1。
　　AnotherspeciesofBritishmadrepore，foundbyMr。GosseatIlfracombe，andbyMr。KingsleyatLundyIsland。ItissmallerthanO。Smithii，ofaverybrightcolour，andalwayscoverstheupperpartofitsbonyskeleton，inwhichtheplatesaredifferentlyarrangedfromthoseofthesmallerspecies。Fig。1
　　showsthetentaclesexpandedinanunusualdegree;1A，animalcontracted;1B，thecoral;1C，atentacleenlarged。
　　PLATEVI。
　　CORALSANDSEAANEMONES。
　　ACTINIAMESEMBRYANTHEMUM。PL。VI。FIG。1A。
　　Thiscommonspeciesismorefrequentlymetwiththanmanyothers，becauseitprefersshallowwater，andoftenliveshighupamongrockswhichareonlycoveredbytheseaatveryhightide;sothatthecreaturecan，ifitwill，spendbutashortportionofitstimeimmersed。Whenuncoveredbythetide，itgathersupitsleatherytunic，andpresentstheappearanceoffig。1A。Whenunderwateritmayoftenbeseenexpandingitsflower—likediskandmovingitsfeelersinsearchoffood。Thesefeelershaveacertainpowerofadhesion，andanynottoovigorousanimalswhichtheytouchareeasilydrawntowardsthecentreandswallowed。Aroundthemarginofthetunicareseenpeepingoutbetweenthetentaclescertainbrightblueglobuleslookingverylikeeyes，butwhosepurposeisnotexactlyascertained。Fig。1representsthediskonlypartiallyexpanded。
　　BUNODESCRASSICORNIS。PL。VI。FIG。2。
　　ThisgenusofActinioidzoophytesisdistinguishedfromActiniaproperbythetuberclesorwartswhichstudtheoutercoveringoftheanimal。InB。gemmaceathesewartsarearrangedsymmetrically，soastogiveapeculiarlyjewelledappearancetothebody。Beingofalargesize，thetentaclesofB。crassicornisexhibitingreatperfectiontheadhesivepowersproducedbythenettlingthreadswhichproceedfromthem。
　　CARYOPHYLLAEASMITHII。PL。VI。FIG。3。
　　Thisfigureistoshowawhitervariety，withthefleshandtentaclesfullyexpandedPLATEVIII。
　　MOLLUSCA。
　　NASSARETICULATA。PL。VIII。fig。2，A，B，C，D，E，F
　　AVERYactiveMollusc，givenherechieflyonaccountoftheopportunityaffordedbythebirthofyoungfryinMr。Lloyd’stanks。TheNASSAfeedsonsmallanimalcules，forwhich，inaquaria，itmaybeseenroutingamongthesandandstones，sometimesburyingitselfamongthemsoasonlytoshowitscaudaltubemovingalongbetweenthem。ApairofNassaeinMr。Lloyd’scollection，deposited，onthe5thofApril，aboutfiftycapsulesorbagsofeggsuponthestemsofweeds（fig。2B）;eachcapsulecontainedaboutahundredeggs。Thecapsulesopenedonthe16thofMay，permittingtheescapeofrotiferousfry（fig。2，C，D，E），notintheslightestdegreeresemblingtheparent，butpresentingminutenautilus—shapedtransparentshells。Theseshellsratherhangonthancoverthebodies，whichhaveapairoflobes，aroundwhichvibrateminuteciliainsuchamannerastogivethemanappearanceofrotatorymotion。Underalenstheymaybeseenmovingaboutveryactivelyinvariouspositions，butalwayswiththelookofbeingmovedbyrapidlyturningwheels。Weshouldhavebeengladtowitnessthenextsteptowardsassumingtheirultimateform，butweredisappointed，astheembryosdied。Fig。2FisthetongueofaNassa，fromaphotographbyDr。Kingsley。
　　Footnotes：
　　（1）SERTULARIAOPERCULATAandGEMELLARIALOCICULATA;oranyofthesmallSERTULARIAE，comparedwithCRISIAEandCELLULARIAE，areverygoodexamples。Forafullerdescriptionofthese，seeAppendixexplainingPlateI。
　　（2）Ifanyinlandreaderwishestoseetheactionofthisfoot，inthebivalveMolluscs，lethimlookattheCommonPond—Mussel（AnodonCygneus），whichhewillfindinmoststagnantwaters，andseehowheburrowswithitinthemud，andhow，whenthewaterisdrawnoff，hewalkssolemnlyintodeeperwater，leavingafurrowbehindhim。
　　（3）TheseshellsaresocommonthatIhavenotcaredtofigurethem。
　　（4）PlateIX。Fig。3，representsbothparasitesonthedeadTurritella。
　　（5）Afewwordsonhim，andonsea—anemonesingeneral，maybefoundinAppendixII。Butfulldetails，accompaniedwithbeautifulplates，maybefoundinMr。Gosse’sworkonBritishsea—anemonesandmadrepores，whichoughttobeineveryseasidelibrary。
　　（6）HandbooktotheMarineAquariumoftheCrystalPalace。
　　（7）AnadmirablepaperonthisextraordinaryfamilymaybefoundintheZoologicalSociety’sProceedingsforJuly1858，byMessrs。S。
　　P。WoodwardandthelatelamentedLucasBarrett。SeealsoQuatrefages，I。82，orSynaptaDuvernaei。
　　（8）ThalassemaNeptuni（Forbes’BritishStar—Fishes，p。259），（9）TheLondonermayseespecimensofthemattheZoologicalGardensandattheCrystalPalace;asalsooftherareandbeautifulSabella，figuredinthesameplate;andoftheBalanophyllia，oraclosely—alliedspecies，fromtheMediterranean，mentionedinp。109。
　　（10）ANaturalist’sRamblesontheDevonshireCoast，p。110。
　　（11）Balanophylliaregia，PlateV。fig。1。
　　（12）Amphidotuscordatus。
　　（13）Echinusmiliaris，PlateVII。
　　（14）SeeProfessorSedgwick’slasteditionofthe"DiscoursesontheStudiesofCambridge。"
　　（15）Fissurellagraeca，PlateX。fig。5。
　　（16）Doristuberculataandbilineata。
　　（17）Eolispapilosa。ADorisandanEolis，thoughnotofthesespecies，arefiguredinPlateX。
　　（18）PlateIII。
　　（19）CertainParisianzoologistshavedonemethehonourtohintthatthisdescriptionwasaplayoffancy。Icanonlyanswer，thatIsawitwithmyowneyesinmyownaquarium。Iamnot，Ihope，inthehabitofdrawingonmyfancyinthepresenceofinfinitelymoremarvellousNature。Truthisquitestrangeenoughtobeinterestingwithoutlies。
　　（20）Saxicavarugosa，PlateXI。fig。2。
　　（21）PlateVIII。representsthecommonNassa，withthestillmorecommonLittorinalittorea，theirteeth—studdedpalates，andthefreeswimmingyoungoftheNassa。（VIDEAppendix。）
　　（22）CyproeaEuropoea。
　　（23）Botrylli。
　　（24）Molluscs。
　　Doristuberculata。
　　—bilineata。
　　Eolispapillosa。
　　Pleurobranchusplumila。
　　Neritina。
　　Cypraea。
　　Trochus，—2species。
　　Mangelia。
　　Triton。
　　Trophon。
　　Nassa，—2species。
　　Cerithium。
　　Sigaretus。
　　Fissurella。
　　Arcalactea。
　　Pectenpusio。
　　Tapespullastra。
　　Kelliasuborbicularis。
　　ShaeniaBinghami。
　　Saxicavarugosa。
　　Gastrochoenapholadia。
　　Pholasparva。
　　Anomiae，—2or3speciesCynthia，—2species。
　　Botryllus，do。
　　ANNELIDS。
　　Phyllodoce，andotherNereidworms。
　　Polynoesquamata。
　　CRUSTACEA。
　　4or5species。
　　ECHINODERMS。
　　Echinusmiliaris。
　　Asteriasgibbosa。
　　Ophiocomaneglecla。
　　CucumariaHyndmanni。
　　—communis。
　　POLYPES。
　　Sertulariapumila。
　　—rugosa。
　　—fallax。
　　—filicula。
　　Plumulariafalcata。
　　—setacea。
　　Laomedeageniculata。
　　Campanulariavolubilis。
　　Actiniamesembryanthemum。
　　Actiniaclavata。
　　—anguicoma。
　　—crassicornis。
　　Tubuliporapatina。
　　—hispida。
　　—serpens。
　　Crisiaeburnea。
　　Celleporapumicosa。
　　Lepraliae，—manyspecies。
　　Membraniporapilosa。
　　Cellulariaciliata。
　　—scruposa。
　　—reptans。
　　Flustramembranacea，&c。
　　（25）PlateXI。fig。1。
　　（26）PlateX。fig。1。
　　（27）ThereareveryfinespecimensintheCrystalPalace。
　　（28）Coryneramosa。
　　（29）Campanulariaintegra。
　　（30）CrisidiaEburnea。
　　（31）Aquarium，p。163。
　　（32）P。34。FiguresofitaregiveninPlateVIII。
　　（33）P。259。
　　（34）Butifanyyounglady，heraquariumhavingfailed，shall（asdozensdo）castoutthesameAnacharisintothenearestditch，sheshallbefollowedtohergravebythemaledictionsofallmillersandtrout—fishers。Seriously，thisisawantonactofinjurytotheneighbouringstreams，whichmustbecarefullyguardedagainst。
　　Aswellturnloosequeen—waspstobuildinyourneighbour’sbanks。
　　（35）Veryhighlyalso，ininterest，ranksM。Quatrefages’"RamblesofaNaturalist"（abouttheMediterraneanandtheFrenchCoast），translatedbyM。Otte。
　　（36）VanVoorst&Co。price3s。