HughWaddellandhisrangers，besidesservingwithdistinctionintheIndianwar，hadtakenpartinthecaptureofFortDuquesne。
Thisfeathadbeenaccomplishedin1758byanexpeditionunderGeneralForbes。Thetroopsmadeaterriblemarchoveranewroute，cuttingaroadastheywent。ItwasNovemberwhentheyapproachedtheirobjective。ThewastesofsnowandtheirdiminishedsuppliescausedsuchdepressionamongthementhattheofficerscalledahalttodiscusswhetherornottoproceedtowardFortDuquesne，wheretheybelievedtheFrenchtobeconcentratedinforce。ExtravagantsumsinguineaswerenamedassuitablerewardforanymanwhowouldstalkandcatchaFrenchIndianandlearnfromhimtherealconditionsinsidethefort。
Thehonor，ifnottheguineas，felltoJohnRogers，oneofWaddell’srangers。FromtheIndianitwaslearnedthattheFrenchhadalreadygone，leavingbehindonlyafewoftheirnumber。AstheEnglishdrewnear，theyfoundthatthegarrisonhadblownupthemagazine，setfiretothefort，andmadeoff。
Thus，whileNewFrancewasalreadytottering，butnearlytwoyearsbeforethefinalcapitulationatMontreal，theEnglishagainbecamemastersoftheOhioCompany’sland——mastersoftheForksoftheOhio。Thistimetheyweretheretostay。WherethewallsofFortDuquesnehadcrumbledinthefireFortPittwastorise，proudlybearingthenameofEngland’sGreatCommonerwhohaddirectedEnglisharmstovictoryonthreecontinents。
WithFranceexpelledandtheIndiansdeprivedoftheirwhiteallies，thewestwardpathlayopentothepioneers，eventhoughtheredmanhimselfwouldriseagainandagaininvainendeavortobartheway。Soanewerabegins，theeraofexplorationfordefinitepurpose，theeraofcommonwealthbuilding。Inenteringonit，wepartwiththeearliestpioneer——thetrader，whofirstopenedtheroadforboththelonehomeseekerandthegreatlandcompany。Hedwindlesnowtothemerebartererandso——saveforafewchanceglimpses——slipsoutofsight，forhisbravedaysasImperialScoutaredone。
ChapterV。Boone，TheWandererWhatthoughtsfilledDanielBoone’smindashewasreturningfromBraddock’sdisastrouscampaignin1755wemayonlyconjecture。
Perhapshewasplanningacareerofsoldiering，forinlateryearshewastodistinguishhimselfasafrontiercommanderinbothdefenseandattack。Oritmaybethathisheartwasfullofthewondroustalestoldhimbythetrader，JohnFindlay，ofthatHunter’sCanaan，Kentucky，wherebuffaloanddeerroamedinthousands。Perhapshemeanttosetouterelonginsearchofthegreatadventureofhisdreams，despitetheterribledangersoftrailmakingacrossthezonesofwarintotheunknown。
Howeverthatmaybe，BoonestraightwayfollowedneitherofthesepossibleplansonhisreturntotheYadkinbuthaltedforadifferentadventure。There，arifleshot’sdistancefromhisthreshold，wasofferedhimtheoldestandsweetestofallhazardstothedaring。Hewastwenty-two，strongandcomelyandawholeman；andthereforehewasinnomindtorefusewhatlifeheldouttohiminthepersonofRebeccaBryan。RebeccawasthedaughterofJosephBryan，whohadcometotheYadkinfromPennsylvaniasometimebeforetheBoones；andshewasinherseventeenthyear。
Writersofanearlierandmoresentimentalperiodthanourshaveendeavoredtosupply，fromthesaccharinestoresoftheirfancy，theromanticepisodesconnectedwithBoone’swooingwhichhistoryhasomittedtorecord。Hencethetalethattheyounghunter，walkingabroadinthespringgloaming，sawMistressRebecca’slargedarkeyesshiningintheduskoftheforest，mistookthemforadeer’seyesandshot——hisaimonthisoccasionfortunatelybeingbad！ButifBoone’sriflewasmissingitsmarkattenpaces，Cupid’sdartwasspeedinghome。Sorunsthestoryconcoctedahundredyearslaterbysomegentlescribeignorantalikeofgameseasons，thehabitsofhunters，andthewayofamanwithamaidinaprimitiveworld。
DanielandRebeccaweremarriedinthespringof1756。SquireBoone，inhiscapacityasjusticeofthepeace，tiedtheknot；
andinasmallcabinbuiltuponhisspaciouslandstheyoungcouplesetuphousekeeping。HereDaniel’sfirsttwosonswereborn。Inthethirdyearofhismarriage，whenthesecondchildwasababeinarms，DanielremovedwithhiswifeandtheiryoungandpreciousfamilytoCulpeperCountyineasternVirginia，fortheborderwasgoingthroughitsdarkestdaysoftheFrenchandIndianWar。DuringthenexttwoorthreeyearswefindhiminVirginiaengagedasawagoner，haulingtobaccoinseason；butbackontheborderwithhisrifle，aftertheharvest，aidingindefenseagainsttheIndians。In1759hepurchasedfromhisfatheralotonSugarTreeCreek，atributaryofDutchman’sCreek（DavieCounty，NorthCarolina）andbuiltthereonacabinforhimself。
Thedatewhenhebroughthiswifeandchildrentoliveintheirnewabodeontheborderisnotrecorded。ItwasprobablysometimeafterthecloseoftheIndianWar。OfBoonehimselfduringtheseyearswehavebutscantinformation。WehearofhimagaininVirginiaandalsoasamemberofthepack-horsecaravanwhichbroughtintotheBackCountrythevariousnecessariesforthesettlers。Weknow，too，thatinthefallof1760hewasonalonehuntingtripinthemountainswestoftheYadkin；foruntilafewyearsagotheremightbeseen，stillstandingonthebanksofBoone’sCreek（asmalltributaryoftheWatauga）ineasternTennessee，atreebearingthelegend，"DBooncilledABARonthistree1760。"Boonewasalwaysfondofcarvinghisexploitsontrees，andhiswanderingshavebeentracedlargelybyhisarborealpublications。Inthenextyear（1761）hewentwithWaddell’srangerswhentheymarchedwiththearmytothefinalsubjugationoftheCherokee。
ThatBooneandhisfamilywerebackontheborderinthenewcabinshortlyaftertheendofthewar，wegatherfromthefactthatin1764hetookhislittlesonJames，agedseven，ononeofhislonghuntingexcursions。Fromthistimedatestheintimatecomradeshipoffatherandsonthroughalltheperilsofthewilderness，acomradeshiptocometoitstragicendtenyearslaterwhen，asweshallsee，theseventeen-year-oldladfellundertheredman’stomahawkashisfatherwasleadingthefirstsettlerstowardsKentucky。Inthecoldnightsoftheopencamp，asDanielandJameslayunderthefrostystars，thefatherkepttheboywarmsnuggledtohisbreastunderthebroadflapofhishuntingshirt。Sometimesthetwowereawayfromhomeformonthstogether，andDanieldeclaredlittleJamestobeasgoodawoodsmanashisfather。
MeanwhilefascinatingaccountsofthenewlandofFlorida，cededtoBritainbytheTreatyofParisin1763，hadleakedintotheBackCountry；andinthewinterof1765Boonesetoffsouthwardonhorsebackwith，sevencompanions。ColonelJamesGrant，withwhosearmyBoonehadfoughtin1761，hadbeenappointedGovernorofthenewcolonyandwasofferinggenerousinducementstosettlers。ThepartytraveledalongthebordersofSouthCarolinaandGeorgia。NodoubttheymadethegreaterpartoftheirwayovertheoldTraders’Trace，the"whitened"warpath；andtheysufferedseverehardships。Gamebecamescarcerastheyproceeded。
OncetheywerenightoperishingofstarvationandweresavedfromthatfateonlythroughchancemeetingwithabandofIndianswho，seeingtheirplight，madecampandsharedtheirfoodwiththem——accordingtotheIndiancodeintimeofpeace。
Boone’spartyexploredFloridafromSt。AugustinetoPensacola，andDanielbecamesufficientlyenamoredofthetropicalsouthtopurchasetherelandandahouse。Hiswife，however，wasunwillingtogotoFlorida，andshewasnotlonginconvincingthehunterthathewouldsoontireofagamelesscountry。Agamelesscountry！Perhapsthiswastheverythoughtwhichturnedthewanderer’sdesiresagaintowardsthelandofKentucky。*Thesilencingoftheenemy’swhisperintheCherokeecampshadopenedtheborderforestsoncemoretothenomadicrifleman。Boonewasnotaloneinthedesiretoseekoutwhatlaybeyond。Hisbrother-in-law，JohnStewart，andanephewbymarriage，BenjaminCutbirth，orCutbird，withtwootheryoungmen，JohnBakerandJamesWard，in1766crossedtheAppalachianMountains，probablybystumblingupontheIndiantrailwindingfrombasetosummitandfrompeaktobaseagainoverthispartofthegreathillbarrier。TheyeventuallyreachedtheMississippiRiverand，havingtakenagoodquantityofpeltryontheway，theylauncheduponthestreamandcameintimetoNewOrleans，wheretheymadeasatisfactorytradeoftheirfurs。
*Kentucky，fromKen-ta-ke，anIroquoiswordmeaning"theplaceofoldfields。"Adaircallstheterritory"theoldfields。"TheIndiansapparentlyusedtheword"old，"aswedoinasenseofendearmentandpossessionaswellasrelativetoage。
Boonewasfiredanewbydescriptionsofthissuccessfulfeat，inwhichtwoofhiskinsmenhadparticipated。Hecouldnolongerbeheldback。HemustfindthemagicdoorthatledthroughthevastmountainwallintoKentucky——Kentucky，withitsgreenprairieswherethebuffaloanddeerwereas"tenthousandthousandcattlefeeding"inthewilds，andwherethebalmyairvibratedwiththemusicofinnumerablewings。
Accordingly，intheautumnof1767，Boonebeganhisquestofthedelectablecountryinthecompanyofhisfriend，WilliamHill，whohadbeenwithhiminFlorida。Autumnwastheseasonofdepartureonallforestexcursions，becausebythattimethesummercropshadbeengatheredinandthedayofthedeerhadcome。Byhunting，theexplorersmustfeedthemselvesontheirtravelsandwithdeerskinsandfurstheymustontheirreturnrecompensethosewhohadsuppliedtheiroutfit。Boone，theincessantbutnotalwaysluckywanderer，wasintheseyearseverindebtforanoutfit。
BooneandHillmadetheirwayovertheBlueRidgeandtheAlleghaniesandcrossedtheHolstonandClinchrivers。ThentheycameuponthewestforkoftheBigSandyand，believingthatitwouldleadthemtotheOhio，theycontinuedforatleastahundredmilestothewestward。Heretheyfoundabuffalotrace，oneofthemanybeatenoutbytheherdsintheirpassagetothesaltsprings，andtheyfolloweditintowhatisnowFloydCountyineasternKentucky。ButthiswasnottheprairielanddescribedbyFindlay；itwasroughandhillyandsoovergrownwithlaurelastobealmostimpenetrable。Theythereforewendedtheirwaybacktowardstheriver，doubtlesserectedtheusualhunter’scampofskinsorblanketsandbranches，andspentthewinterinhuntingandtrapping。SpringfoundthemreturningtotheirhomesontheYadkinwithafairwinter’shaul。
SuchurgentdesireasBoone’s，however，wasnottobedefeated。
Thenextyearbroughthimhisgreatopportunity。JohnFindlaycametotheYadkinwithahorsepackofneedlesandlinenandpeddler’swarestotempttheslimpursesoftheBackCountryfolk。Thetwoerstwhilecomradesinarmswereoverjoyedtoencountereachotheragain，andFindlayspentthewinterof1768-69inBoone’scabin。Whilethesnowlaydeepoutsideandgood-smellinglogscrackledonthehearth，theyplannedanexpeditionintoKentuckythroughtheGapwhereVirginia，Tennessee，andKentuckytouchoneanother，whichFindlayfeltconfidenthecouldfind。Findlayhadlearnedofthisroutefromcross-mountaintradersin1753，whenhehaddescendedtheOhiotothesiteofLouisville，whencehehadgonewithsomeShawanoesasaprisonertotheirtownofEs-kip-pa-ki-thi-kiorBlueLicks。*
*Hanna，"TheWildernessTrail，"vol。II，pp。215-16。
OnthefirstdayofMay，1769，BooneandFindlay，accompaniedbyJohnStewartandthreeotherventuresomespirits，JosephHolden，JamesMooney，andWilliamCooley，tookhorseforthefabledland。
PassingthroughtheCumberlandGap，theybuilttheirfirstcampinKentuckyontheRedLickforkofStationCampCreek。
Thiscampwastheirbaseofoperations。Fromit，usuallyincouples，weinfer，theexplorersbranchedouttohuntandtotaketheirobservationsofthecountry。Herealsotheypreparedthedeerandbuffalomeatforthewinter，driedorsmokedthegeesetheyshotinsuperabundance，madethetallowandoilneededtokeeptheirweaponsintrim，theirleathersoft，andtheirkitswaterproof。TheirfirstillluckbefelltheminDecemberwhenBooneandStewartwerecapturedbyabandofShawanoeswhowerereturningfromtheirautumnhuntonGreenRiver。TheIndianscompelledthetwowhitementoshowthemthelocationoftheircamp，tookpossessionofallitcontainedinskinsandfursandalsohelpedthemselvestothehorses。Theylefttheexplorerswithjustenoughmeatandammunitiontoprovidefortheirjourneyhomeward，andtoldthemtodepartandnottointrudeagainontheredmen’shuntinggrounds。Havinggiventhispointedwarning，theShawanoesrodeonnorthwardtowardstheirtownsbeyondtheOhio。
Onfoot，swiftlyandcraftily，Booneandhisbrother-in-lawtrailedthebandfortwodays。Theycameuponthecampindeadofnight，recapturedtheirhorses，andfled。ButthiswasagameinwhichtheIndiansthemselvesexcelled，andatthisdatetheShawanoeshadanadvantageoverBooneintheirthoroughknowledgeoftheterritory；sothatwithinfortyeighthoursthewhitemenwereoncemoreprisoners。AftertheyhadamusedthemselvesbymakingBoonecaperaboutwithahorsebellonhisneck，whiletheyjeeredathiminbrokenEnglish，"Stealhorse，eh？"theShawanoesturnednorthagain，thistimetakingthetwounfortunatehunterswiththem。BooneandStewartescaped，onedayonthemarch，byaplungeintothethicktallcanebrake。ThoughtheIndiansdidnotattempttofollowthemthroughthemazesofthecane，thesituationofthetwohunters，withoutweaponsorfood，wasseriousenough。WhentheyfoundStationCampdesertedandrealizedthattheirfourcompanionshadgiventhemupfordeadorlostandhadsetoffonthetrailforhome，evensuchintrepidsoulsastheirsmayhavefeltfear。TheyracedoninpursuitandfortunatelyfellinnotonlywiththeirpartybutwithSquireBoone，Daniel’sbrother，andAlexanderNeely，whohadbroughtinfreshsuppliesofrifles，ammunition，flour，andhorses。
Afterthisluckyencounterthegroupseparated。Findlaywasill，andHolden，Mooney，andCooleyhadhadtheirfillofKentucky；
butSquire，Neely，Stewart，andDanielwerereadyformoreadventures。Daniel，too，feltunderthepositivenecessityofputtinginanotheryearathuntingandtrappinginordertodischargehisdebtsandprovideforhisfamily。NearthemouthofRedRiverthenewpartybuilttheirstationcamp。Here，inidlehours，Neelyreadaloudfromacopyof"Gulliver’sTravels"toentertainthehunterswhiletheydressedtheirdeerskinsortinkeredtheirweapons。Inhonorofthe"Lorbrulgrud"ofthebook，thoughwithapronunciationalltheirown，theychristenedthenearestcreek；andas"LulbegrudCreek"itisstillknown。
BeforetheendofthewinterthetwoBooneswerealoneinthewilderness。Theirbrother-in-law，Stewart，haddisappeared；andNeely，discouragedbythistragicevent，hadreturnedtotheYadkin。InMay，SquireBoonefaredforth，takingwithhimtheseason’scatchofbeaver，otter，anddeerskinstoexchangeintheNorthCaroliniantradinghousesformoresupplies；andDanielwasleftsolitaryinKentucky。
NowfollowedthoselonelyexplorationswhichgaveDanielBoonehisspecialfameaboveallKentucky’spioneers。HewasbynomeansthefirstwhitemantoenterKentucky；andwhenhedidenter，itwasasoneofaparty，underanotherman’sguidance——ifweexcepthisformerdisappointingjourneyintothelaurelthicketsofFloydCounty。Buttheseothers，barringStewart，whofellthere，turnedbackwhentheymetwithlossandhardshipandmeasuredthecertainrisksagainstthepossiblegains。Boone，themanofimagination，turnedtowildearthastohiskin。Hisgeniuslayinthesenseofonenesshefeltwithhiswildernessenvironment。Aninstincthehadwhichtheseothermen，ascourageousperhapsashe，didnotpossess。
Neverinallthetimeswhenhewasaloneinthewoodsandhadnootherman’ssafetyorcounseltoconsider，didhesufferillfortune。ThenearestapproachtotroublethatbefellhimwhenaloneoccurredonedayduringthissummerwhensomeIndiansemergedfromtheirgreenshelterandfoundhim，offguardforthemoment，standingonacliffgazingwithraptureoverthevastrollingstretchesofKentucky。Hewasapparentlycutofffromescape，forthesavageswereonthreesides，advancingwithouthastetotakehim，meanwhilegreetinghimwithmockamity。OverthecliffleapedBooneandintotheoutspreadarmsofafriendlymaple，whosetopbloomedgreenaboutsixtyfeetbelowthecliff’srim，andlefthiswould-becaptorsontheheightabove，gruntingtheiramazement。
DuringthissummerBoonejourneyedthroughthevalleysoftheKentuckyandtheLicking。HefollowedthebuffalotracestothetwoBlueLicksandsawtheenormousherdslickingupthesaltearth，adarklyruddymovingmassofbeastswhosenumberscouldnotbecounted。FormanymileshewoundalongtheOhio，asfarastheFalls。HealsofoundtheBigBoneLickwithitsmammothfossils。
InJuly，1770，DanielreturnedtotheRedRivercampandtheremetSquireBoonewithanotherpackofsupplies。Thetwobrotherscontinuedtheirhuntingandexplorationtogetherforsomemonths，chieflyinJessamineCounty，wheretwocavesstillbearBoone’sname。InthatwintertheyevenbravedtheGreenRiverground，whencehadcomethehuntingShawanoeswhohadtakenDaniel’sfirstfruitsayearbefore。Inthesameyear（1770）therehadcomeintoKentuckyfromtheYadkinanotherpartyofhunters，called，fromtheirlengthysojourninthetwilightzone，theLongHunters。Oneofthese，GasperMansker，afterwardsrelatedhowtheLongHunterswerestartledonedaybyhearingsoundssuchasnobuffaloorturkeyevermade，andhowManskerhimselfstolesilentlyundercoverofthetreestowardstheplacewhencethestrangenoisescame，anddescriedDanielBooneproneonhisbackwithadeerskinunderhim，hisfamoustallblackhatbesidehimandhismouthopenedwideinjoyousbutapparentlynonetootunefulsong。Thisincidentgivesatruecharactertouch。Itisnotrecordedofanyofthemenwhoturnedbackthattheysangaloneinthewilderness。
InMarch，1771，thetwoBoonesstartedhomeward，theirhorsesbearingtherichharvestoffursanddeerskinswhichwastoclearDanielofdebtandtoinsurethecomfortofthefamilyhehadnotseenfortwoyears。Butagainevilfortunemetthem，thistimeintheverygates——forintheCumberlandGaptheyweresuddenlysurroundedbyIndianswhotookeverythingfromthem，leavingthemneithergunsnorhorses。
ChapterVI。TheFightForKentuckyWhenBoonereturnedhomehefoundtheBackCountryofNorthCarolinainthethroesoftheRegulationMovement。Thismovement，whichhadarisenfirstfromthecolonists’needtopolicetheirsettlements，hadmorerecentlyassumedapoliticalcharacter。TheRegulatorswerenowinconflictwiththeauthorities，becausethefrontierfolkweresufferingthroughexcessivetaxes，extortionatefees，dishonestlandtitles，andthecorruptionofthecourts。InMay，1771，theconflictlostitsquasi-civilnature。TheRegulatorsresortedtoarmsandweredefeatedbytheforcesunderGovernorTryonintheBattleoftheAlamance。
TheRegulationMovement，whichweshallfollowinmoredetailfurtheron，wasaculminationofthosecausesofunrestwhichturnedmenwestward。ToescapefromoppressionandtoacquirelandbeyondtheboundsoftyrannybecametheearnestdesireofindependentspiritsthroughouttheBackCountry。ButtherewasanotherandmorepotentreasonwhythecountryeastofthemountainsnolongercontentedBoone。HuntingandtrappingwereBoone’schiefmeansoflivelihood。Inthosedays，deerskinssoldforadollaraskintothetradersattheForksorinHillsborough；beaveratabouttwodollarsandahalf，andotteratfromthreetofivedollars。Apack-horsecouldcarryaloadofonehundreddresseddeerskins，and，ascurrencywasscarce，ahundreddollarswaswealth。GamewasfastdisappearingfromtheYadkin。ToBooneaboveallmen，then，Kentuckybeckoned。Whenhereturnedinthespringof1771fromhisexplorations，itwaswiththeresolvetotakehisfamilyatonceintothegreatgamecountryandtopersuadesomeofhisfriendstojoininthishazardofnewfortunes。
Theperilsofsuchaventure，onlyconjecturaltousatthisdistance，heknewwell；butinhimtherewasnothingthatshrankfromdanger，thoughhedidnotcourtitaftertherashmannerofmanyofhiscompeers。Neitherrecklessnorriotous，Boonewasneverfoundamongthosewhoopposedviolencetoauthority，evenunjustauthority；norwasheeverguiltyofthesavagerywhichcharacterizedmuchoftheretaliatorywarfareofthatperiodwhenfrenziedwhitemenbetteredtheredman’sinstruction。Inhim，couragewasilluminedwithtendernessandmadeequablebyself-control。Yet，thoughhewasnofieryzealotliketheUlstermenwhoweretofollowhimalongthepathhehadmadeandwholovedandreveredhimperhapsbecausehewassodifferentfromthemselves，Booneneverthelesshadhisownreligion。ItwasasimplefaithbestsummedupperhapsbyhimselfinhisoldagewhenhesaidthathehadbeenonlyaninstrumentinthehandofGodtoopenthewildernesstosettlement。
TwoyearspassedbeforeBoonecouldmusteracompanyofcolonistsforthedangerousanddelectableland。ThedishonestypracticedbyLordGranville’sagentsinthematterofdeedshadmadeitdifficultforDanielandhisfriendstodisposeoftheiracreage。
Whenatlastinthespringof1773theWandererwaspreparedtodepart，hewasagaindelayed；thistimebythearrivalofalittlesontowhomwasgiventhenameofJohn。BySeptember，however，eventhislatestadditiontothepartywasreadyfortravel；andthatmonthsawtheBooneswithasmallcaravanoffamiliesjourneyingtowardsPowell’sValley，whencetheWarrior’sPathtookitswaythroughCumberlandGap。AtthispointonthemarchtheyweretobejoinedbyWilliamRussell，afamouspioneer，fromtheClinchRiver，withhisfamilyandafewneighbors，andbysomeofRebeccaBoone’skinsmen，theBryans，fromthelowerYadkin，withacompanyoffortymen。
OfRebeccaBoonehistorytellsustoolittle——onlythatshewasbornaBryan，wasoflowstatureanddarkeyed，thatsheboreherhusbandtenchildren，andlivedbesidehimtooldage。Exceptonhishuntsandexplorations，shewentwithhimfromonecabinedhometoanother，alwaysdeeperintothewilds。Therearenoportraitsofher。WecanseeheronlyasashadowyfiguremovingalongthewildernesstrailsbesidethemanwhoacceptedhisdestinyofGodtobeaway-showerforthoseoflesserfaith。
"HetiresnotforeveronhisleaguesofmarchBecauseherfeetaresettohisfootprints，Andthegleamofherbarehandslantsacrosshisshoulder。"
BoonehaltedhiscompanyonWaldenMountainoverPowell’sValleytoawaittheBryancontingentanddispatchedtwoyoungmenundertheleadershipofhissonJames，theninhisseventeenthyear，tonotifyRusselloftheparty’sarrival。AstheboyswerereturningwithRussell’sson，alsoastripling，twoofhisslaves，andsomewhitelaborers，theymissedthepathandwentintocampforthenight。Whendawnbroke，disclosingthesleepers，asmallwarbandofShawanoes，whohadbeenspyingonBooneandhisparty，felluponthemandslaughteredthem。OnlyoneofRussell’sslavesandalaborerescaped。Thetragedyseemsaugmentedbythefactthatthepointwheretheboyslostthetrailandmadetheirnightquarterswashardlythreemilesfromthemaincamp——towhichanhourlatercamethetwosurvivorswiththeirgloomytidings。
Terrornowtookholdofthelittlebandofemigrants，andtherewereloudoutcriesforturningback。TheBryans，whohadarrivedmeanwhile，alsoadvisedretreat，sayingthatthe"signs"aboutthesceneofbloodindicatedanIndianuprising。Danielcarriedthescalpedbodyofhisson，theboy-comradeofhishappyhunts，tothecampandburieditthereatthebeginningofthetrail。
Hisvoicealoneurgedthattheygoon。
Fortunatelyindeed，aseventsturnedout，Boonewasoverruled，andtheexpeditionwasabandoned。TheBryanpartyandtheothersfromNorthCarolinawentbacktotheYadkin。BoonehimselfwithhisfamilyaccompaniedRusselltotheClinchsettlement，whereheerectedatemporarycabinonthefarmofoneofthesettlers，andthensetoutaloneonthechasetoearnprovisionforhiswifeandchildrenthroughthewinter。
ThosewhoprophesiedanIndianwarwerenotmistaken。Whenthesnowyhuntingseasonhadpassedandthe"PowwowingDays"werecome，theIndianwardrumrattledinthemedicinehousefromthebordersofPennsylvaniatothoseofCarolina。Thecausesofthestrifeforwhichtheredmenweremakingreadymustbebrieflynotedtohelpusformajustopinionofthedeedsthatfollowed。
EarlywritershaveusuallyrepresentedthefrontiersmenassaintsinbuckskinandtheIndiansasfiendswithouttheshadowofaclaimoneitherthelandorhumanity。Manylaterwritershavemerelyreversedtheshield。ThetruthisthattheIndiansandtheborderersreacteduponeachothertothehurtofboth。
Paradoxically，theygrewlikeenoughtohateoneanotherwithasavagehatred——andbothwantedtheland。
Land！Land！wasthesloganofallsortsandconditionsofmen。
Tidewaterofficialsheldsolemnpowwowswiththechiefs，gavewampumstrings，andforthwithincorporated。*Chiefsblessedtheirwhitebrotherswhohad"foreverbrightenedthechainoffriendship，"departedhome，andproceededtobrightenthebladesoftheirtomahawksandtoawait，notlong，theopportunitytousethemoncasualhunterswhocarriedintheirkitsthecompass，the"land-stealer。"Usuallythesurveyinghunterwasaborderer；andonhimthetomahawkdescendedwithanacceleratedgusto。Privatecitizensalsoformedlandcompaniesandsentoutsurveyors，regardlessoftreaties。BoldfrontiersmenwentintoNoMan’sLandandstakedouttheirclaims。IntheveryyearwhendisasterturnedtheBoonepartyback，JamesHarrodhadenteredKentuckyfromPennsylvaniaandhadmarkedthesiteofasettlement。
*TheactivitiesofthegreatlandcompaniesaredescribedinAlvord’sexhaustivework，"TheMississippiValleyinBritishPolitics。"
Tenyearsearlier（1763），theKinghadissuedthefamousandmuchmisunderstoodProclamationrestrictinghis"lovingsubjects"fromthelandswestofthemountains。Thecolonistsinterpretedthisdocumentasatyrannouscurtailmentoftheirlibertiesforthebenefitofthefurtrade。WeknownowthattheportionofthisProclamationrelatingtowesternsettlementwasawiseprovisiondesignedtoprotectthesettlersonthefrontierbyallayingthesuspicionsoftheIndians，whoviewedwithapprehensionthetriumphaloccupationofthatvastterritoryfromCanadatotheGulfofMexicobythecolonizingEnglish。ByseekingtocompelalllandpurchasetobemadethroughtheCrown，itwasdesignedlikewisetoprotecttheIndiansfrom"whiskypurchase，"andtomakeimpossiblethetransferoftheirlandsexceptwithconsentoftheIndianCouncil，orfullquotaofheadmen，whosejointactionaloneconveyedwhatthetribesconsideredtobelegaltitle。Salesmadeaccordingtothisform，SirWilliamJohnsondeclaredtotheLordsofTrade，hehadneverknowntoberepudiatedbytheIndians。ThisparagraphoftheProclamationwasinsubstanceanembodimentofJohnson’ssuggestionstotheLordsofTrade。Itspurposewassquaredealingandpacification；andshrewdmensuchasWashingtonrecognizedthatitwasnotintendedasafinalchecktoexpansion。"AtemporaryexpedienttoquietthemindsoftheIndians，"Washingtoncalledit，andthenhimselfwentoutalongtheGreatKanawhaandintoKentucky，surveyingland。
ItwillbeaskedwhathadbecomeoftheOhioCompanyofVirginiaandthatfortattheForksoftheOhio；onceaboneofcontentionbetweenFranceandEngland。FortPitt，asitwasnowcalled，hadfallenfoulofanotherdispute，thistimebetweenVirginiaandPennsylvania。VirginiaclaimedthatthefarwesterncornerofherboundaryascendedjustfarenoughnorthtotakeinFortPitt。
Pennsylvaniaassertedthatitdidnothingofthesort。TheOhioCompanyhadmeanwhilebeenmergedintotheWalpoleCompany。
GeorgeCroghan，atFortPitt，wastheCompany’sagentandassuchwasaccusedbyPennsylvaniaoffavoringfromulteriormotivestheclaimsofVirginia。HotheadsinbothcoloniesasseveratedthattheIndiansweresecretlybeingstirredupinconnectionwiththeboundarydisputes。IfitdoesnotveryclearlyappearhowanIndianrisingwouldhavesettledtheownershipofFortPitt，itisevidentenoughwheretheinterestsofVirginiaandPennsylvaniaclashed。Virginiawantedlandforsettlementandspeculation；PennsylvaniawantedtheIndiansleftinpossessionforthebenefitofthefurtrade。SofarfromstirringuptheIndians，ashisenemiesdeclared，Croghanwasasusualgivingawayallhissubstancetokeepthemquiet。*Indeed，duringthissummerof1774，elevenhundredIndianswereencampedaboutFortPittvisitinghim。
*ThesuspicionthatCroghanandLordDunmore，theGovernorofVirginia，wereinstigatingthewarappearstohavearisenoutoftheconductofDr。JohnConnolly，Dunmore’sagentandCroghan’snephew。CroghanhadinducedtheShawanoestobringunderescorttoFortPittcertainEnglishtradersresidentintheIndiantowns。TheescortwasfiredonbymilitiamenundercommandofConnolly，whoalsoissuedaproclamationdeclaringastateofwartoexist。Connolly，however，probablyactedonhisowninitiative。HewasinterestedinlandonhisownbehalfandwasbynomeanstheonlymanatthattimewhowasreadytocommitoutragesonIndiansinordertoobtainit。AsCroghanlamented，therewas"toogreataspiritinthefrontierpeopleforkillingIndians。"
TwohundredthousandacresintheWest——KentuckyandWestVirginia——hadbeenpromisedtothecolonialofficersandsoldierswhofoughtintheSevenYears’War。ButaftermakingtheProclamationtheBritishGovernmenthaddelayedissuingthepatents。Washingtoninterestedhimselfintryingtosecurethem；
andLordDunmore，whoalsohadcaughtthe"land-fever，"*proddedtheBritishauthoritiesbutwononlyrebukeforhisinconvenientactivities。Insistent，however，Dunmoresentoutpartiesofsurveyorstofixtheboundsofthesoldiers’claims。JamesHarrod，CaptainThomasBullitt，HancockTaylor，andthreeMcAfeebrothersenteredKentucky，bytheOhio，underDunmore’sorders。
JohnFloydwentinbytheKanawhaasWashington’sagent。A
bird’s-eyeviewofthatperiodwoulddisclosetousveryfewindeedofHisMajesty’slovingsubjectswhowerepayinganyattentiontohisproclamation。Earlyin1774，Harrodbeganthebuildingofcabinsandafort，andplantedcornonthesiteofHarrodsburg。ThustohimandnottoBoonefellthehonoroffoundingthefirstpermanentwhitesettlementinKentucky*SeeAlvord，"TheMississippiValleyinBritishPolitics，"vol。
II，pp。191-94。
Whensummercame，itsthickverdureprofferingambuscade，theairhungtensealongtheborder。TradershadsentinwordthatShawanoes，Delawares，Mingos，Wyandots，andCherokeeswererefusingallotherexchangethanrifles，ammunition，knives，andhatchets。Whitemenwereshotdownintheirfieldsfromambush。
DeadIndianslayamongtheirownyoungcorn，theirscalplockstaken。Thereweremenofbothraceswhowantedwarandmeanttohaveit——andwithittheland。
LordDunmore，theGovernor，resolvedthat，ifwarwereinevitable，itshouldbefoughtoutintheIndiancountry。Withthisintent，hewrotetoColonelAndrewLewisofBotetourtCounty，CommanderoftheSouthwestMilitia，instructinghimtoraisearespectablebodyoftroopsand"joinmeeitheratthemouthoftheGreatKanawhaorWheeling，orsuchotherpartoftheOhioasmaybemostconvenientforyoutomeetme。"TheGovernorhimselfwithaforceoftwelvehundredproceededtoFortPitt，whereCroghan，aswehaveseen，wasextendinghishospitalitytoelevenhundredwarriorsfromthedisaffectedtribes。
OnreceiptoftheGovernor’sletter，AndrewLewissentoutexpressestohisbrotherColonelCharlesLewis，CountyLieutenantofAugusta，andtoColonelWilliamPreston，CountyLieutenantofFincastle，toraisemenandbringthemwithallspeedtotherendezvousatCampUnion（Lewisburg）ontheBigLevelsoftheGreenbrier（WestVirginia）。AndrewLewissummonedtheseofficerstoanexpeditionfor"reducingourinveterateenemiestoreason。"
Prestoncalledforvolunteerstotakeadvantageof"theopportunitywehavesolongwishedfor……thisuselessPeoplemaynowatlastbeoblidgedtoabandontheircountry。"Thesemenwereamongnotonlythebravestbutthebestoftheirtime；butthiswastheirviewoftheIndianandhisallegedrights。Toeliminatethis"uselesspeople，"inveterateenemiesofthewhiterace，was，astheysawit，apoliticalnecessityandareligiousduty。Andwetodaywhoprofitbytheirdeedsdarenotcondemnthem。
FervorlesssolemnwasarousedinotherquartersbyDunmore’scalltoarms。AtWheeling，someeightyorninetyyoungadventurers，inchargeofCaptainMichaelCresapofMaryland，werewaitingforthefreshetstosweepthemdowntheOhiointoKentucky。Whenthenewsreachedthem，theygreeteditwiththewildmonotonechantandtheceremoniespreliminarytoIndianwarfare。Theyplantedthewarpole，strippedandpaintedthemselves，andstartingthewardancecalledonCresaptobetheir"whiteleader。"Thecaptain，however，declined；butinthatwildcirclinglinewasonewhowasawhiteleaderindeed。Hewasasandy-hairedboyoftwenty——oneoftheboldraceofEnglishVirginians，ruggedandoffierycountenance，withblueeyesintenseofglanceanddeepsetunderahighbrowthat，whilemodeledforpower，seemedthreatenedinitspromisebythetoosensitivechiselingofhislips。Witheverynervestrainingforthefray，withthuddingoffeetandcrooningofthebloodsong，hewheeledwiththoseothermadspiritsroundthewarpoletillthesetofsunclosedtherites。"Thateveningtwoscalpswerebroughtintocamp，"soaletterofhisreads。Doestheboldsavagecolorofthispictureaffrightus？Wouldweveilit？ThenweshouldlosesomethingofthetruelineamentsofGeorgeRogersClark，who，withinfourshortyears，wastoleadatinyarmyoftatteredandstarvingbackwoodsmen，ashamedtoquailwhereheneverflinched，throughbarrensandicyfloodstotheconquestofIllinoisfortheUnitedStates。
ThoughCresaphadrejectedtheroleof"whiteleader，"hedidnotescapethetouchofinfamy。"Cresap’sWar"wasthenametheIndiansgavetothebloodyencountersbetweensmallpartiesofwhitesandIndians，whichfollowedonthatwardanceandscalping，duringthesummermonths。OneoftheseencountersmustbedetailedherebecausehistoryhasassigneditastheimmediatecauseofDunmore’sWar。
Greathouse，Sapperton，andKing，threetraderswhohadapostonYellowCreek，atributaryoftheOhiofiftymilesbelowPittsburgh，invitedseveralIndiansfromacrossthestreamtocomeanddrinkwiththemandtheirfriends。AmongtheIndiansweretwoorthreemenofimportanceintheMingotribe。Therewerealsosomewomen，oneofwhomwastheIndianwifeofColonelJohnGibson，aneducatedmanwhohaddistinguishedhimselfasasoldierwithForbesin1768。ThattheIndianscameinamityandapprehendednotreacherywasprovedbythepresenceofthewomen。
Gibson’swifecarriedherhalfcastebabyinhershawl。Thedisreputabletraderspliedtheirguestswithdrinktothepointofintoxicationandthenmurderedthem。Kingshotthefirstmanand，whenhefell，cuthisthroat，sayingthathehadservedmanyadeerinthatfashion。Gibson’sIndianwifefledandwasshotdownintheclearing。Amanfollowedtodispatchherandherbaby。Sheheldthechilduptohimpleading，withherlastbreath，thathewouldspareitbecauseitwasnotIndianbut"oneofyours。"Themotherdead，thechildwaslatersenttoGibson。
TwelveIndiansinallwerekilled。
MeanwhileCroghanhadpersuadedtheIroquoistopeace。WiththehelpofDavidZeisberger，theMoravianmissionary，andWhiteEyes，aDelawarechief，heandDunmorehadwonovertheDelawarewarriors。IntheCherokeecouncils，Oconostotademandedthatthetreatyofpeacesignedin1761bekept。TheShawanoes，however，ledbyCornstalk，wereimplacable；andtheyhadasalliestheOttawasandMingos，whohadenteredthecouncilwiththem。
AfamouschiefofthedayandoneofgreatinfluenceovertheIndians，andalsoamongthewhiteofficialswhodealtwithIndianaffairs，wasTachnech-dor-us，orBranchingOakoftheForest，aMingowhohadtakenthenameofLoganoutofcomplimenttoJamesLoganofPennsylvania。ChiefLoganhadrecentlymetwithsomuchreproachfromhisredbrothersforhisloyaltytothewhitesthathehaddepartedfromtheMingotownatYellowCreek。But，learningthathistribehaddeterminedtoassisttheShawanoesandhadalreadytakensomewhitescalps，herepairedtotheplacewheretheMingoswereholdingtheirwarcounciltoexerthispowersforpeace。There，inpresenceofthewarriors，afterswayingthemfromtheirpurposebythoseoratoricalgiftswhichgavehimhisinfluenceandhisrenown，hetookthewarhatchetthathadalreadykilled，andburieditinproofthatvengeancewasappeased。UponthisscenethereenteredaMingofromYellowCreekwiththenewsofthemurderscommittedtherebythethreetraders。TheIndianwhosethroathadbeenslitasKinghadserveddeerwasLogan’sbrother。Anothermanslainwashiskinsman。Thewomanwiththebabywashissister。Logantoreupfromtheearththebloodytomahawkand，raisingitabovehishead，sworethathewouldnotresttillhehadtakentenwhitelivestopayforeachoneofhiskin。AgaintheMingowarriorsdeclaredforwarandthistimewerenotdissuaded。ButLogandidnotjointhisredarmy。Hewentoutalonetowreakhisvengeance，slayingandscalping。
MeanwhileDunmorepreparedtopushthewarwiththeutmostvigor。
HisfirstconcernwastorecallthesurveyingpartiesfromKentucky，andforsohazardousanerrandheneededtheservicesofamanwhoseendurance，speed，andwoodcraftwereequaltothoseofanyIndianscoutafoot。ThroughColonelPreston，hisorderswereconveyedtoDanielBoone，forBoone’sfamehadnowspreadfromthebordertothetidewaterregions。Itwasstatedthat"Boonewouldlosenotime，"and"iftheyarealive，itisindisputablebutBoonemustfindthem。"
SoBoonesetoutincompanywithMichaelStoner，anotherexpertwoodsman。HisgeneralinstructionsweretogodowntheKentuckyRivertoPreston’sSaltLickandacrosscountrytotheFallsoftheOhio，andthencehomebyGaspar’sLickontheCumberlandRiver。Indianwarpartiesweremovingundercoveracross"theDarkandBloodyGround"tosurroundthevariousgroupsofsurveyorsstillatlargeandtoexterminatethem。Boonemadehisjourneysuccessfully。HefoundJohnFloyd，whowassurveyingforWashington；hespeduptowhereHarrodandhisbandwerebuildingcabinsandsentthemout，justintimeasithappened；hereachedalltheoutpostsofThomasBullitt’sparty，onlyoneofwhomfellavictimtothefoe*；and，undetectedbytheIndians，hebroughthimselfandStonerhomeinsafety，aftercoveringeighthundredmilesinsixty-onedays。
*HancockTaylor，whodelayedingettingoutofthecountryandwascutoff。
Harrodandhishomesteadersimmediatelyenlistedinthearmy。HoweagerBoonewastogowiththeforcesunderLewisisseenintheofficialcorrespondencerelativetoDunmore’sWar。FloydwantedBoone’shelpinraisingacompany："CaptainBledsoesaysthatBoonehasmore[influence]thananymannowdisengaged；andyouknowwhatBoonehasdoneforme……forwhichreasonIlovetheman。"Eventheborder，itwouldseem，haditsspeciesofpacifistswhowerewillingtoletotherstakerisksforthem，formenhungbackfromrecruiting，anddesertionsweretheorderoftheday。MajorArthurCampbellhituponasolutionofthedifficultiesinWestFincastle。HewasconvincedthatBoonecouldraiseacompanyandholdthemenloyal。AndBoonedid。
Forsomereason，however，Daniel’sdesiretomarchwiththearmywasdenied。Perhapsitwasbecausejustsuchamanashe——and，indeed，therewasnoother——wasneededtoguardthesettlement。
PresentlyhewasputincommandofMoore’sFortinClinchValley，andhis"diligence"receivedofficialapprobation。AlittlelatertheinhabitantsofthevalleysentoutapetitiontohaveBoonemadea"captain"andgivensupremecommandofthelowerforts。
ThesettlersdemandedBoone’spromotionfortheirownsecurity。
"Thelanditisgood，itisjusttoourmind，EachwillhavehispartifhisLordshipbekind，TheOhioonceours，we’llliveatourease，Withabottleandglasstodrinkwhenweplease。"
Sosangthearmypoet，thusgivingvoice，asbardsshouldeverdo，tothethemenearesttheheartsofhishearers——inthiscase，Land！PresumablyhisdittywascomposedontheeveofthemarchfromLewisburg，foritisfoundinasoldier’sdiary。
OntheeveningofOctober9，1774，AndrewLewiswithhisforceofelevenhundredfrontiersmenwasencampedonPointPleasantatthejunctionoftheGreatKanawhawiththeOhio。DunmoreinthemeantimehadledhisforcesintoOhioandhaderectedFortGoweratthemouthoftheHockhockingRiver，wherehewaitedforwordfromAndrewLewis。*
*IthasbeencustomarytoascribetoLordDunmoremotivesoftreacheryinfailingtomakeconnectionswithLewis；butnorealevidencehasbeenadvancedtosupportanyofthechargesmadeagainsthimbylocalhistorians。Thechargeswere，asTheodoreRooseveltsays，"anafterthought。"DunmorewasaKing’smanintheRevolution；andyetinMarch，1775，theConventionoftheColonyofVirginia，assembledinoppositiontotheroyalparty，resolved："ThemostcordialthanksofthepeopleofthiscolonyareatributejustlyduetoourworthyGovernorLordDunmore，forhistrulynoble，wise，andspiritedconductwhichatonceevinceshisExcellency’sattentiontothetrueinterestsofthiscolony，andarealintheexecutivedepartmentwhichnodangerscandivert，ordifficultieshinder，fromachievingthemostimportantservicestothepeoplewhohavethehappinesstoliveunderhisadministration。"（See"AmericanArchives，"FourthSeries，vol。
II，p。170。）SimilarresolutionswerepassedbyhisofficersonthemarchhomefromOhio；atthesametime，theofficerspassedresolutionsinsympathywiththeAmericancause。YetitwasAndrewLewiswholaterdroveDunmorefromVirginia。WellmightDunmoreexclaim，"Thatitshouldevercometothis！"
ThemovementsofthetwoarmieswerebeingobservedbyscoutsfromtheforceofredwarriorsgatheredinOhiounderthegreatleaderoftheShawanoes。Cornstalkpurposedtoisolatethetwoarmiesofhisenemyandtocrushtheminturnbeforetheycouldcometogether。HisfirstmovewastolaunchanattackonLewisatPointPleasant。Inthedarkofnight，Cornstalk’sIndianscrossedtheOhioonrafts，intendingtosurprisethewhiteman’scampatdawn。Theywouldhavesucceededbutforthechancethatthreeorfourofthefrontiersmen，whohadrisenbeforedaybreaktohunt，cameupontheIndianscreepingtowardsthecamp。Shotswereexchanged。AnIndianandawhitemandropped。Thefiringrousedthecamp。ThreehundredmenintwolinesunderCharlesLewisandWilliamFlemingsalliedforthexpectingtoengagethevanguardoftheenemybutencounteredalmostthewholeforceoffromeighthundredtoathousandIndiansbeforetherestofthearmycouldcomeintoaction。Bothofficerswerewounded，CharlesLewisfatally。Thebattle，whichcontinuedfromdawnuntilanhourbeforesunset，wasthebloodiestinVirginia’slongseriesofIndianwars。Thefrontiersmenfoughtassuchmeneverfought——withthedaring，bravery，swiftnessofattack，andskillintakingcoverwhichwerethetacticsoftheirday，evenasatalatertimemanyofthesesamemenfoughtatKing’sMountainandinIllinoisthebattlesthatdidsomuchtoturnthetideintheRevolution。*
*WithAndrewLewisonthisdaywereIsaacShelbyandWilliamCampbell，thevictoriousleadersatKing’sMountain，JamesRobertson，the"fatherofTennessee，"ValentineSevier，DanielMorgan，herooftheCowpens，MajorArthurCampbell，BenjaminLogan，AnthonyBledsoe，andSimonKenton。WithDunmore’sforcewereAdamStephen，whodistinguishedhimselfattheBrandywine，GeorgeRogersClark，JohnStuart，alreadynotedthroughtheCherokeewars，andJohnMontgomery，lateroneofClark’sfourcaptainsinIllinois。ThetwolastmentionedwereHighlanders。
Clark’sIllinoisforcewaslargelyrecruitedfromthetroopswhofoughtatPointPleasant。
ColonelPrestonwrotetoPatrickHenrythattheenemybehavedwith"inconceivablebravery，"theheadmenwalkingaboutinthetimeofactionexhortingtheirmento"lieclose，shootwell，bestrong，andfight。"TheShawanoesranuptothemuzzlesoftheEnglishguns，disputingeveryfootofground。Bothsidesknewwellwhattheywerefightingfor——therichlandheldinasemicirclebytheBeautifulRiver。
ShortlybeforesundowntheIndians，mistakingaflankmovementbyShelby’scontingentforthearrivalofreinforcements，retreatedacrosstheOhio。ManyoftheirmostnotedwarriorshadfallenandamongthemtheShawanochief，Puck-e-shin-wa，fatherofafamousson，Tecumseh。*Yettheywereunwillingtoacceptdefeat。WhentheyheardthatDunmorewasnowmarchingoverlandtocutthemofffromtheirtowns，theirfuryblazedanew。"Shallwefirstkillallourwomenandchildrenandthenfighttillweourselvesareslain？"Cornstalk，inirony，demandedofthem；"No？ThenIwillgoandmakepeace。"
*Thwaites，"DocumentaryHistoryofDunmore’sWar。"
BythetreatycompactedbetweenthechiefsandLordDunmore，theIndiansgaveupallclaimtothelandssouthoftheOhio，evenforhunting，andagreedtoallowboatstopassunmolested。InthistreatytheMingosrefusedtojoin，andadetachmentofDunmore’stroopsmadeapunitiveexpeditiontotheirtowns。SomediscordarosebetweenDunmoreandLewis’sfrontierforcesbecause，sincetheShawanoeshadmadepeace，theGovernorwouldnotallowthefrontiersmentodestroytheShawanotowns。
Ofallthechiefs，Loganalonestillheldaloof。MajorGibsonundertooktofetchhim，butLoganrefusedtocometothetreatygrounds。HesentbyGibsontheshortspeechwhichhaslivedasanexampleofthebestIndianoratory：
"IappealtoanywhitemantosayifeverheenteredLogan’scabinhungryandhegavehimnotmeat：ifeverhecamecoldandnakedandheclothedhimnot。Duringthecourseofthelastlongandbloodywar，Loganremainedidleinhiscabin，anadvocateforpeace。Suchwasmyloveforthewhitesthatmycountrymenpointedastheypassedandsaid，’Loganisthefriendofthewhitemen。’
Ihadeventhoughttohavelivedwithyoubutfortheinjuriesofoneman。ColonelCresap，thelastspring，incoldbloodandunprovoked，murderedalltherelationsofLogan，notevensparingmywomenandchildren。Thereremainsnotadropofmybloodintheveinsofanylivingcreature。Thiscalledonmeforrevenge。
Ihavesoughtit；Ihavekilledmany；Ihavefullygluttedmyvengeance：formycountryIrejoiceatthebeamsofpeace。Butdonotharborathoughtthatmineisthejoyoffear。Loganneverfeltfear。Hewillnotturnonhisheeltosavehislife。WhoistheretomournforLogan？Notone。"*
*SomewritershavequestionedtheauthenticityofLogan’sspeech，incliningtothinkthatGibsonhimselfcomposedit，partlybecauseofthebiblicalsuggestioninthefirstfewlines。
ThatGibsongavebiblicalphraseologytotheselinesisapparent，though，asAdairpointsouttherearemanyexamplesofsimilitudeinIndianandbiblicalexpression。ButthethoughtisIndianandrelatestothefirstarticleoftheIndian’screed，namely，tosharehisfoodwiththeneedy。"Thereremainsnotadropofmybloodintheveinsofanylivingcreature"isatrulyIndianlament。Evidentlythefinalfourlinesofthespeecharethemostliterallytranslated，fortheyhavetheformandtheprimitiverhythmicbeatwhichastudentofIndianpoetryquicklyrecognizes。
Theauthenticityofthespeech，aswellastheinnocenceofCresap，whomLoganmistakenlyaccused，wasvouchedforbyGeorgeRogersClarkinalettertoDr。SamuelBrowndatedJune17，1798。SeeJeffersonpapers，Series6，quotedbyEnglish，"ConquestoftheCountryNorthwestoftheRiverOhio。"vol。II。
p。1029。
Byriversandtrails，inlargeandsmallcompanies，startedhomethearmythathadwontheland。TheWestFincastletroops，fromthelowersettlementsoftheClinchandHolstonvalleys，weretoreturnbytheKentuckyRiver，whilethosefromtheuppervalleywouldtaketheshorterwayupSandyCreek。Tokeeptheminprovisionsduringthejourneyitwasorderedthathuntersbesentoutalongtheseroutestokillandbarbecuemeatandplaceitonscaffoldsatappropriatespots。