Lexiconsassigntoeachwordadefinitemeaningormeanings。Theybothtendtoobscurethefactthatthesentenceprecedesthewordandthatalllanguageisrelative。（1）Itisrelativetoitsowncontext。Itsmeaningismodifiedbywhathasbeensaidbeforeandafterinthesameorinsomeotherpassage：withoutcomparingthecontextwearenotsurewhetheritisusedinthesamesenseevenintwosuccessivesentences。（2）Itisrelativetofacts，totime，place，andoccasion：whentheyarealreadyknowntothehearerorreader，theymaybepresupposed；thereisnoneedtoalludetothemfurther。（3）Itisrelativetotheknowledgeofthewriterandreaderorofthespeakerandhearer。Exceptforthesakeoforderandconsecutivenessnothingoughttobeexpressedwhichisalreadycommonlyoruniversallyknown。Awordortwomaybesufficienttogiveanintimationtoafriend；alongorelaboratespeechorcompositionisrequiredtoexplainsomenewideatoapopularaudienceortotheordinaryreaderortoayoungpupil。Grammarsanddictionariesarenottobedespised；forinteachingweneedclearnessratherthansubtlety。Butwemustnotthereforeforgetthatthereisalsoahigheridealoflanguageinwhichallisrelative——soundstosounds，wordstowords，thepartstothewhole——inwhichbesidesthelessercontextofthebookorspeech，thereisalsothelargercontextofhistoryandcircumstances。
　　ThestudyofComparativePhilologyhasintroducedintotheworldanewsciencewhichmorethananyotherbindsupmanwithnature，anddistantagesandcountrieswithoneanother。Itmaybesaidtohavethrownalightuponallothersciencesanduponthenatureofthehumanminditself。Thetrueconceptionofitdispelsmanyerrors，notonlyofmetaphysicsandtheology，butalsoofnaturalknowledge。Yetitisfarfromcertainthatthisnewly-foundsciencewillcontinuetoprogressinthesamesurprisingmannerasheretofore；orthatevenifourmaterialsarelargelyincreased，weshallarriveatmuchmoredefiniteconclusionsthanatpresent。Likesomeotherbranchesofknowledge，itmaybeapproachingapointatwhichitcannolongerbeprofitablystudied。Butatanyrateithasbroughtbackthephilosophyoflanguagefromtheorytofact；ithaspassedoutoftheregionofguessesandhypotheses，andhasattainedthedignityofanInductiveScience。Anditisnotwithoutpracticalandpoliticalimportance。Itgivesanewinteresttodistantandsubjectcountries；itbringsbackthedawninglightfromoneendoftheearthtotheother。
　　Nations，likeindividuals，arebetterunderstoodbyuswhenweknowsomethingoftheirearlylife；andwhentheyarebetterunderstoodbyus，wefeelmorekindlytowardsthem。Lastly，wemayrememberthatallknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake；andwemayalsohopethatadeeperinsightintothenatureofhumanspeechwillgiveusagreatercommandofitandenableustomakeanobleruseofit。（CompareagainW。Humboldt，’UeberdieVerschiedenheitdesmenschlichenSprachbaues；’M。Muller，’LecturesontheScienceofLanguage；’Steinthal，’EinleitungindiePsychologieundSprachwissenschaft：’andforthelatterpartoftheEssay，Delbruck，’StudyofLanguage；’Paul’s’PrinciplesoftheHistoryofLanguage：’tothelatterworktheauthorofthisEssayislargelyindebted。）
　　CRATYLUS
　　byPlatoTranslatedbyBenjaminJowettPERSONSOFTHEDIALOGUE：Socrates，Hermogenes，Cratylus。
　　HERMOGENES：SupposethatwemakeSocratesapartytotheargument？
　　CRATYLUS：Ifyouplease。
　　HERMOGENES：Ishouldexplaintoyou，Socrates，thatourfriendCratylushasbeenarguingaboutnames；hesaysthattheyarenaturalandnotconventional；notaportionofthehumanvoicewhichmenagreetouse；butthatthereisatruthorcorrectnessinthem，whichisthesameforHellenesasforbarbarians。WhereuponIaskhim，whetherhisownnameofCratylusisatruenameornot，andheanswers’Yes。’AndSocrates？
　　’Yes。’Theneveryman’sname，asItellhim，isthatwhichheiscalled。
　　Tothishereplies——’IfalltheworldweretocallyouHermogenes，thatwouldnotbeyourname。’AndwhenIamanxioustohaveafurtherexplanationheisironicalandmysterious，andseemstoimplythathehasanotionofhisownaboutthematter，ifhewouldonlytell，andcouldentirelyconvinceme，ifhechosetobeintelligible。Tellme，Socrates，whatthisoraclemeans；orrathertellme，ifyouwillbesogood，whatisyourownviewofthetruthorcorrectnessofnames，whichIwouldfarsoonerhear。
　　SOCRATES：SonofHipponicus，thereisanancientsaying，that’hardistheknowledgeofthegood。’Andtheknowledgeofnamesisagreatpartofknowledge。IfIhadnotbeenpoor，Imighthaveheardthefifty-drachmacourseofthegreatProdicus，whichisacompleteeducationingrammarandlanguage——thesearehisownwords——andthenIshouldhavebeenatonceabletoansweryourquestionaboutthecorrectnessofnames。But，indeed，I
　　haveonlyheardthesingle-drachmacourse，andtherefore，Idonotknowthetruthaboutsuchmatters；Iwill，however，gladlyassistyouandCratylusintheinvestigationofthem。WhenhedeclaresthatyournameisnotreallyHermogenes，Isuspectthatheisonlymakingfunofyou；——hemeanstosaythatyouarenotruesonofHermes，becauseyouarealwayslookingafterafortuneandneverinluck。But，asIwassaying，thereisagooddealofdifficultyinthissortofknowledge，andthereforewehadbetterleavethequestionopenuntilwehaveheardbothsides。
　　HERMOGENES：Ihaveoftentalkedoverthismatter，bothwithCratylusandothers，andcannotconvincemyselfthatthereisanyprincipleofcorrectnessinnamesotherthanconventionandagreement；anynamewhichyougive，inmyopinion，istherightone，andifyouchangethatandgiveanother，thenewnameisascorrectastheold——wefrequentlychangethenamesofourslaves，andthenewly-imposednameisasgoodastheold：forthereisnonamegiventoanythingbynature；allisconventionandhabitoftheusers；——suchismyview。ButifIammistakenIshallbehappytohearandlearnofCratylus，orofanyoneelse。
　　SOCRATES：Idaresaythatyoumayberight，Hermogenes：letussee；——Yourmeaningis，thatthenameofeachthingisonlythatwhichanybodyagreestocallit？
　　HERMOGENES：Thatismynotion。
　　SOCRATES：Whetherthegiverofthenamebeanindividualoracity？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Well，now，letmetakeaninstance；——supposethatIcallamanahorseorahorseaman，youmeantosaythatamanwillberightlycalledahorsebymeindividually，andrightlycalledamanbytherestoftheworld；andahorseagainwouldberightlycalledamanbymeandahorsebytheworld：——thatisyourmeaning？
　　HERMOGENES：Hewould，accordingtomyview。
　　SOCRATES：Buthowabouttruth，then？youwouldacknowledgethatthereisinwordsatrueandafalse？
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly。
　　SOCRATES：Andtherearetrueandfalsepropositions？
　　HERMOGENES：Tobesure。
　　SOCRATES：Andatruepropositionsaysthatwhichis，andafalsepropositionsaysthatwhichisnot？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes；whatotheranswerispossible？
　　SOCRATES：Theninapropositionthereisatrueandfalse？
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly。
　　SOCRATES：Butisapropositiontrueasawholeonly，andarethepartsuntrue？
　　HERMOGENES：No；thepartsaretrueaswellasthewhole。
　　SOCRATES：Wouldyousaythelargepartsandnotthesmallerones，oreverypart？
　　HERMOGENES：Ishouldsaythateverypartistrue。
　　SOCRATES：Isapropositionresolvableintoanypartsmallerthananame？
　　HERMOGENES：No；thatisthesmallest。
　　SOCRATES：Thenthenameisapartofthetrueproposition？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Yes，andatruepart，asyousay。
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andisnotthepartofafalsehoodalsoafalsehood？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Then，ifpropositionsmaybetrueandfalse，namesmaybetrueandfalse？
　　HERMOGENES：Sowemustinfer。
　　SOCRATES：Andthenameofanythingisthatwhichanyoneaffirmstobethename？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andwilltherebesomanynamesofeachthingaseverybodysaysthatthereare？andwilltheybetruenamesatthetimeofutteringthem？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes，Socrates，Icanconceivenocorrectnessofnamesotherthanthis；yougiveonename，andIanother；andindifferentcitiesandcountriestherearedifferentnamesforthesamethings；Hellenesdifferfrombarbariansintheiruseofnames，andtheseveralHellenictribesfromoneanother。
　　SOCRATES：Butwouldyousay，Hermogenes，thatthethingsdifferasthenamesdiffer？andaretheyrelativetoindividuals，asProtagorastellsus？
　　Forhesaysthatmanisthemeasureofallthings，andthatthingsaretomeastheyappeartome，andthattheyaretoyouastheyappeartoyou。
　　Doyouagreewithhim，orwouldyousaythatthingshaveapermanentessenceoftheirown？
　　HERMOGENES：Therehavebeentimes，Socrates，whenIhavebeendriveninmyperplexitytotakerefugewithProtagoras；notthatIagreewithhimatall。
　　SOCRATES：What！haveyoueverbeendriventoadmitthattherewasnosuchthingasabadman？
　　HERMOGENES：No，indeed；butIhaveoftenhadreasontothinkthatthereareverybadmen，andagoodmanyofthem。
　　SOCRATES：Well，andhaveyoueverfoundanyverygoodones？
　　HERMOGENES：Notmany。
　　SOCRATES：Stillyouhavefoundthem？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andwouldyouholdthattheverygoodweretheverywise，andtheveryevilveryfoolish？Wouldthatbeyourview？
　　HERMOGENES：Itwould。
　　SOCRATES：ButifProtagorasisright，andthetruthisthatthingsareastheyappeartoanyone，howcansomeofusbewiseandsomeofusfoolish？
　　HERMOGENES：Impossible。
　　SOCRATES：Andif，ontheotherhand，wisdomandfollyarereallydistinguishable，youwillallow，Ithink，thattheassertionofProtagorascanhardlybecorrect。Forifwhatappearstoeachmanistruetohim，onemancannotinrealitybewiserthananother。
　　HERMOGENES：Hecannot。
　　SOCRATES：NorwillyoubedisposedtosaywithEuthydemus，thatallthingsequallybelongtoallmenatthesamemomentandalways；forneitheronhisviewcantherebesomegoodandothersbad，ifvirtueandvicearealwaysequallytobeattributedtoall。
　　HERMOGENES：Therecannot。
　　SOCRATES：Butifneitherisright，andthingsarenotrelativetoindividuals，andallthingsdonotequallybelongtoallatthesamemomentandalways，theymustbesupposedtohavetheirownproperandpermanentessence：theyarenotinrelationtous，orinfluencedbyus，fluctuatingaccordingtoourfancy，buttheyareindependent，andmaintaintotheirownessencetherelationprescribedbynature。
　　HERMOGENES：Ithink，Socrates，thatyouhavesaidthetruth。
　　SOCRATES：DoeswhatIamsayingapplyonlytothethingsthemselves，orequallytotheactionswhichproceedfromthem？Arenotactionsalsoaclassofbeing？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes，theactionsarerealaswellasthethings。
　　SOCRATES：Thentheactionsalsoaredoneaccordingtotheirpropernature，andnotaccordingtoouropinionofthem？Incutting，forexample，wedonotcutasweplease，andwithanychanceinstrument；butwecutwiththeproperinstrumentonly，andaccordingtothenaturalprocessofcutting；
　　andthenaturalprocessisrightandwillsucceed，butanyotherwillfailandbeofnouseatall。
　　HERMOGENES：Ishouldsaythatthenaturalwayistherightway。
　　SOCRATES：Again，inburning，noteverywayistherightway；buttherightwayisthenaturalway，andtherightinstrumentthenaturalinstrument。
　　HERMOGENES：True。
　　SOCRATES：Andthisholdsgoodofallactions？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andspeechisakindofaction？
　　HERMOGENES：True。
　　SOCRATES：Andwillamanspeakcorrectlywhospeaksashepleases？Willnotthesuccessfulspeakerratherbehewhospeaksinthenaturalwayofspeaking，andasthingsoughttobespoken，andwiththenaturalinstrument？Anyothermodeofspeakingwillresultinerrorandfailure。
　　HERMOGENES：Iquiteagreewithyou。
　　SOCRATES：Andisnotnamingapartofspeaking？foringivingnamesmenspeak。
　　HERMOGENES：Thatistrue。
　　SOCRATES：Andifspeakingisasortofactionandhasarelationtoacts，isnotnamingalsoasortofaction？
　　HERMOGENES：True。
　　SOCRATES：Andwesawthatactionswerenotrelativetoourselves，buthadaspecialnatureoftheirown？
　　HERMOGENES：Precisely。
　　SOCRATES：Thentheargumentwouldleadustoinferthatnamesoughttobegivenaccordingtoanaturalprocess，andwithaproperinstrument，andnotatourpleasure：inthisandnootherwayshallwenamewithsuccess。
　　HERMOGENES：Iagree。
　　SOCRATES：Butagain，thatwhichhastobecuthastobecutwithsomething？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andthatwhichhastobewovenorpiercedhastobewovenorpiercedwithsomething？
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly。
　　SOCRATES：Andthatwhichhastobenamedhastobenamedwithsomething？
　　HERMOGENES：True。
　　SOCRATES：Whatisthatwithwhichwepierce？
　　HERMOGENES：Anawl。
　　SOCRATES：Andwithwhichweweave？
　　HERMOGENES：Ashuttle。
　　SOCRATES：Andwithwhichwename？
　　HERMOGENES：Aname。
　　SOCRATES：Verygood：thenanameisaninstrument？
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly。
　　SOCRATES：SupposethatIask，’Whatsortofinstrumentisashuttle？’Andyouanswer，’Aweavinginstrument。’
　　HERMOGENES：Well。
　　SOCRATES：AndIaskagain，’Whatdowedowhenweweave？’——Theansweris，thatweseparateordisengagethewarpfromthewoof。
　　HERMOGENES：Verytrue。
　　SOCRATES：Andmaynotasimilardescriptionbegivenofanawl，andofinstrumentsingeneral？
　　HERMOGENES：Tobesure。
　　SOCRATES：AndnowsupposethatIaskasimilarquestionaboutnames：willyouanswerme？Regardingthenameasaninstrument，whatdowedowhenwename？
　　HERMOGENES：Icannotsay。
　　SOCRATES：Dowenotgiveinformationtooneanother，anddistinguishthingsaccordingtotheirnatures？
　　HERMOGENES：Certainlywedo。
　　SOCRATES：Thenanameisaninstrumentofteachingandofdistinguishingnatures，astheshuttleisofdistinguishingthethreadsoftheweb。
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andtheshuttleistheinstrumentoftheweaver？
　　HERMOGENES：Assuredly。
　　SOCRATES：Thentheweaverwillusetheshuttlewell——andwellmeanslikeaweaver？andtheteacherwillusethenamewell——andwellmeanslikeateacher？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhentheweaverusestheshuttle，whoseworkwillhebeusingwell？
　　HERMOGENES：Thatofthecarpenter。
　　SOCRATES：Andiseverymanacarpenter，ortheskilledonly？
　　HERMOGENES：Onlytheskilled。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhenthepiercerusestheawl，whoseworkwillhebeusingwell？
　　HERMOGENES：Thatofthesmith。
　　SOCRATES：Andiseverymanasmith，oronlytheskilled？
　　HERMOGENES：Theskilledonly。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhentheteacherusesthename，whoseworkwillhebeusing？
　　HERMOGENES：ThereagainIampuzzled。
　　SOCRATES：Cannotyouatleastsaywhogivesusthenameswhichweuse？
　　HERMOGENES：IndeedIcannot。
　　SOCRATES：Doesnotthelawseemtoyoutogiveusthem？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes，Isupposeso。
　　SOCRATES：Thentheteacher，whenhegivesusaname，usestheworkofthelegislator？
　　HERMOGENES：Iagree。
　　SOCRATES：Andiseverymanalegislator，ortheskilledonly？
　　HERMOGENES：Theskilledonly。
　　SOCRATES：Then，Hermogenes，noteverymanisabletogiveaname，butonlyamakerofnames；andthisisthelegislator，whoofallskilledartisansintheworldistherarest。
　　HERMOGENES：True。
　　SOCRATES：Andhowdoesthelegislatormakenames？andtowhatdoeshelook？Considerthisinthelightofthepreviousinstances：towhatdoesthecarpenterlookinmakingtheshuttle？Doeshenotlooktothatwhichisnaturallyfittedtoactasashuttle？
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly。
　　SOCRATES：Andsupposetheshuttletobebrokeninmaking，willhemakeanother，lookingtothebrokenone？orwillhelooktotheformaccordingtowhichhemadetheother？
　　HERMOGENES：Tothelatter，Ishouldimagine。
　　SOCRATES：Mightnotthatbejustlycalledthetrueoridealshuttle？
　　HERMOGENES：Ithinkso。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhatevershuttlesarewanted，forthemanufactureofgarments，thinorthick，offlaxen，woollen，orothermaterial，oughtallofthemtohavethetrueformoftheshuttle；andwhateveristheshuttlebestadaptedtoeachkindofwork，thatoughttobetheformwhichthemakerproducesineachcase。
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andthesameholdsofotherinstruments：whenamanhasdiscoveredtheinstrumentwhichisnaturallyadaptedtoeachwork，hemustexpressthisnaturalform，andnototherswhichhefancies，inthematerial，whateveritmaybe，whichheemploys；forexample，heoughttoknowhowtoputintoirontheformsofawlsadaptedbynaturetotheirseveraluses？
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly。
　　SOCRATES：Andhowtoputintowoodformsofshuttlesadaptedbynaturetotheiruses？
　　HERMOGENES：True。
　　SOCRATES：Fortheseveralformsofshuttlesnaturallyanswertotheseveralkindsofwebs；andthisistrueofinstrumentsingeneral。
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Then，astonames：oughtnotourlegislatoralsotoknowhowtoputthetruenaturalnameofeachthingintosoundsandsyllables，andtomakeandgiveallnameswithaviewtotheidealname，ifheistobeanamerinanytruesense？Andwemustrememberthatdifferentlegislatorswillnotusethesamesyllables。Forneitherdoeseverysmith，althoughhemaybemakingthesameinstrumentforthesamepurpose，makethemallofthesameiron。Theformmustbethesame，butthematerialmayvary，andstilltheinstrumentmaybeequallygoodofwhateverironmade，whetherinHellasorinaforeigncountry；——thereisnodifference。
　　HERMOGENES：Verytrue。
　　SOCRATES：Andthelegislator，whetherhebeHelleneorbarbarian，isnotthereforetobedeemedbyyouaworselegislator，providedhegivesthetrueandproperformofthenameinwhateversyllables；thisorthatcountrymakesnomatter。
　　HERMOGENES：Quitetrue。
　　SOCRATES：Butwhothenistodeterminewhethertheproperformisgiventotheshuttle，whateversortofwoodmaybeused？thecarpenterwhomakes，ortheweaverwhoistousethem？
　　HERMOGENES：Ishouldsay，hewhoistousethem，Socrates。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhousestheworkofthelyre-maker？Willnothebethemanwhoknowshowtodirectwhatisbeingdone，andwhowillknowalsowhethertheworkisbeingwelldoneornot？
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhoishe？
　　HERMOGENES：Theplayerofthelyre。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhowilldirecttheshipwright？
　　HERMOGENES：Thepilot。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhowillbebestabletodirectthelegislatorinhiswork，andwillknowwhethertheworkiswelldone，inthisoranyothercountry？
　　Willnottheuserbetheman？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andthisishewhoknowshowtoaskquestions？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andhowtoanswerthem？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andhimwhoknowshowtoaskandansweryouwouldcalladialectician？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes；thatwouldbehisname。
　　SOCRATES：Thentheworkofthecarpenteristomakearudder，andthepilothastodirecthim，iftherudderistobewellmade。
　　HERMOGENES：True。
　　SOCRATES：Andtheworkofthelegislatoristogivenames，andthedialecticianmustbehisdirectorifthenamesaretoberightlygiven？
　　HERMOGENES：Thatistrue。
　　SOCRATES：Then，Hermogenes，Ishouldsaythatthisgivingofnamescanbenosuchlightmatterasyoufancy，ortheworkoflightorchancepersons；
　　andCratylusisrightinsayingthatthingshavenamesbynature，andthatnoteverymanisanartificerofnames，butheonlywholookstothenamewhicheachthingbynaturehas，andisabletoexpressthetrueformsofthingsinlettersandsyllables。
　　HERMOGENES：Icannotansweryou，Socrates；butIfindadifficultyinchangingmyopinionallinamoment，andIthinkthatIshouldbemorereadilypersuaded，ifyouwouldshowmewhatthisiswhichyoutermthenaturalfitnessofnames。
　　SOCRATES：MygoodHermogenes，Ihavenonetoshow。WasInottellingyoujustnow（butyouhaveforgotten），thatIknewnothing，andproposingtosharetheenquirywithyou？ButnowthatyouandIhavetalkedoverthematter，astephasbeengained；forwehavediscoveredthatnameshavebynatureatruth，andthatnoteverymanknowshowtogiveathinganame。
　　HERMOGENES：Verygood。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhatisthenatureofthistruthorcorrectnessofnames？
　　That，ifyoucaretoknow，isthenextquestion。
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly，Icaretoknow。
　　SOCRATES：Thenreflect。
　　HERMOGENES：HowshallIreflect？
　　SOCRATES：Thetruewayistohavetheassistanceofthosewhoknow，andyoumustpaythemwellbothinmoneyandinthanks；thesearetheSophists，ofwhomyourbrother，Callias，has——ratherdearly——boughtthereputationofwisdom。Butyouhavenotyetcomeintoyourinheritance，andthereforeyouhadbettergotohim，andbegandentreathimtotellyouwhathehaslearntfromProtagorasaboutthefitnessofnames。
　　HERMOGENES：ButhowinconsistentshouldIbe，if，whilstrepudiatingProtagorasandhistruth（’Truth’wasthetitleofthebookofProtagoras；
　　compareTheaet。），Iweretoattachanyvaluetowhatheandhisbookaffirm！
　　SOCRATES：Thenifyoudespisehim，youmustlearnofHomerandthepoets。
　　HERMOGENES：AndwheredoesHomersayanythingaboutnames，andwhatdoeshesay？
　　SOCRATES：Heoftenspeaksofthem；notablyandnoblyintheplaceswherehedistinguishesthedifferentnameswhichGodsandmengivetothesamethings。Doeshenotinthesepassagesmakearemarkablestatementaboutthecorrectnessofnames？FortheGodsmustclearlybesupposedtocallthingsbytheirrightandnaturalnames；doyounotthinkso？
　　HERMOGENES：Why，ofcoursetheycallthemrightly，iftheycallthematall。Buttowhatareyoureferring？
　　SOCRATES：DoyounotknowwhathesaysabouttheriverinTroywhohadasinglecombatwithHephaestus？
　　’Whom，’ashesays，’theGodscallXanthus，andmencallScamander。’
　　HERMOGENES：Iremember。
　　SOCRATES：Well，andaboutthisriver——toknowthatheoughttobecalledXanthusandnotScamander——isnotthatasolemnlesson？Oraboutthebirdwhich，ashesays，’TheGodscallChalcis，andmenCymindis：’
　　tobetaughthowmuchmorecorrectthenameChalcisisthanthenameCymindis——doyoudeemthatalightmatter？OraboutBatieiaandMyrina？
　　（CompareIl。’ThehillwhichmencallBatieiaandtheimmortalsthetombofthesportiveMyrina。’）AndtherearemanyotherobservationsofthesamekindinHomerandotherpoets。Now，Ithinkthatthisisbeyondtheunderstandingofyouandme；butthenamesofScamandriusandAstyanax，whichheaffirmstohavebeenthenamesofHector’sson，aremorewithintherangeofhumanfaculties，asIamdisposedtothink；andwhatthepoetmeansbycorrectnessmaybemorereadilyapprehendedinthatinstance：youwillrememberIdaresaythelinestowhichIrefer？（Il。）
　　HERMOGENES：Ido。
　　SOCRATES：Letmeaskyou，then，whichdidHomerthinkthemorecorrectofthenamesgiventoHector’sson——AstyanaxorScamandrius？
　　HERMOGENES：Idonotknow。
　　SOCRATES：Howwouldyouanswer，ifyouwereaskedwhetherthewiseortheunwisearemorelikelytogivecorrectnames？
　　HERMOGENES：Ishouldsaythewise，ofcourse。
　　SOCRATES：Andarethemenorthewomenofacity，takenasaclass，thewiser？
　　HERMOGENES：Ishouldsay，themen。
　　SOCRATES：AndHomer，asyouknow，saysthattheTrojanmencalledhimAstyanax（kingofthecity）；butifthemencalledhimAstyanax，theothernameofScamandriuscouldonlyhavebeengiventohimbythewomen。
　　HERMOGENES：Thatmaybeinferred。
　　SOCRATES：AndmustnotHomerhaveimaginedtheTrojanstobewiserthantheirwives？
　　HERMOGENES：Tobesure。
　　SOCRATES：ThenhemusthavethoughtAstyanaxtobeamorecorrectnamefortheboythanScamandrius？
　　HERMOGENES：Clearly。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhatisthereasonofthis？Letusconsider：——doeshenothimselfsuggestaverygoodreason，whenhesays，’Forhealonedefendedtheircityandlongwalls’？
　　Thisappearstobeagoodreasonforcallingthesonofthesaviourkingofthecitywhichhisfatherwassaving，asHomerobserves。
　　HERMOGENES：Isee。
　　SOCRATES：Why，Hermogenes，Idonotasyetseemyself；anddoyou？
　　HERMOGENES：No，indeed；notI。
　　SOCRATES：Buttellme，friend，didnotHomerhimselfalsogiveHectorhisname？
　　HERMOGENES：Whatofthat？
　　SOCRATES：ThenameappearstometobeverynearlythesameasthenameofAstyanax——bothareHellenic；andaking（anax）andaholder（ektor）havenearlythesamemeaning，andarebothdescriptiveofaking；foramanisclearlytheholderofthatofwhichheisking；herules，andowns，andholdsit。But，perhaps，youmaythinkthatIamtalkingnonsense；andindeedIbelievethatImyselfdidnotknowwhatImeantwhenIimaginedthatIhadfoundsomeindicationoftheopinionofHomeraboutthecorrectnessofnames。
　　HERMOGENES：IassureyouthatIthinkotherwise，andIbelieveyoutobeontherighttrack。
　　SOCRATES：Thereisreason，Ithink，incallingthelion’swhelpalion，andthefoalofahorseahorse；Iamspeakingonlyoftheordinarycourseofnature，whenananimalproducesafterhiskind，andnotofextraordinarybirths；——ifcontrarytonatureahorsehaveacalf，thenIshouldnotcallthatafoalbutacalf；nordoIcallanyinhumanbirthaman，butonlyanaturalbirth。Andthesamemaybesaidoftreesandotherthings。Doyouagreewithme？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes，Iagree。
　　SOCRATES：Verygood。ButyouhadbetterwatchmeandseethatIdonotplaytrickswithyou。Foronthesameprinciplethesonofakingistobecalledaking。Andwhetherthesyllablesofthenamearethesameornotthesame，makesnodifference，providedthemeaningisretained；nordoestheadditionorsubtractionofalettermakeanydifferencesolongastheessenceofthethingremainsinpossessionofthenameandappearsinit。
　　HERMOGENES：Whatdoyoumean？
　　SOCRATES：Averysimplematter。Imayillustratemymeaningbythenamesofletters，whichyouknowarenotthesameasthelettersthemselveswiththeexceptionofthefourepsilon，upsilon，omicron，omega；thenamesoftherest，whethervowelsorconsonants，aremadeupofotherletterswhichweaddtothem；butsolongasweintroducethemeaning，andtherecanbenomistake，thenameoftheletterisquitecorrect。Take，forexample，theletterbeta——theadditionofeta，tau，alpha，givesnooffence，anddoesnotpreventthewholenamefromhavingthevaluewhichthelegislatorintended——sowelldidheknowhowtogivethelettersnames。
　　HERMOGENES：Ibelieveyouareright。
　　SOCRATES：Andmaynotthesamebesaidofaking？akingwilloftenbethesonofaking，thegoodsonorthenoblesonofagoodornoblesire；andsimilarlytheoffspringofeverykind，intheregularcourseofnature，isliketheparent，andthereforehasthesamename。Yetthesyllablesmaybedisguiseduntiltheyappeardifferenttotheignorantperson，andhemaynotrecognizethem，althoughtheyarethesame，justasanyoneofuswouldnotrecognizethesamedrugsunderdifferentdisguisesofcolourandsmell，althoughtothephysician，whoregardsthepowerofthem，theyarethesame，andheisnotputoutbytheaddition；andinlikemannertheetymologistisnotputoutbytheadditionortranspositionorsubtractionofaletterortwo，orindeedbythechangeofalltheletters，forthisneednotinterferewiththemeaning。Aswasjustnowsaid，thenamesofHectorandAstyanaxhaveonlyoneletteralike，whichistau，andyettheyhavethesamemeaning。AndhowlittleincommonwiththelettersoftheirnameshasArchepolis（rulerofthecity）——andyetthemeaningisthesame。
　　Andtherearemanyothernameswhichjustmean’king。’Again，thereareseveralnamesforageneral，as，forexample，Agis（leader）andPolemarchus（chiefinwar）andEupolemus（goodwarrior）；andotherswhichdenoteaphysician，asIatrocles（famoushealer）andAcesimbrotus（curerofmortals）；andtherearemanyotherswhichmightbecited，differingintheirsyllablesandletters，buthavingthesamemeaning。Wouldyounotsayso？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Thesamenames，then，oughttobeassignedtothosewhofollowinthecourseofnature？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Andwhatofthosewhofollowoutofthecourseofnature，andareprodigies？forexample，whenagoodandreligiousmanhasanirreligiousson，heoughttobearthenamenotofhisfather，butoftheclasstowhichhebelongs，justasinthecasewhichwasbeforesupposedofahorsefoalingacalf。
　　HERMOGENES：Quitetrue。
　　SOCRATES：Thentheirreligioussonofareligiousfathershouldbecalledirreligious？
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly。
　　SOCRATES：HeshouldnotbecalledTheophilus（belovedofGod）orMnesitheus（mindfulofGod），oranyofthesenames：ifnamesarecorrectlygiven，hisshouldhaveanoppositemeaning。
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly，Socrates。
　　SOCRATES：Again，Hermogenes，thereisOrestes（themanofthemountains）
　　whoappearstoberightlycalled；whetherchancegavethename，orperhapssomepoetwhomeanttoexpressthebrutalityandfiercenessandmountainwildnessofhishero’snature。
　　HERMOGENES：Thatisverylikely，Socrates。
　　SOCRATES：Andhisfather’snameisalsoaccordingtonature。
　　HERMOGENES：Clearly。
　　SOCRATES：Yes，forashisname，soalsoishisnature；Agamemnon（admirableforremaining）isonewhoispatientandperseveringintheaccomplishmentofhisresolves，andbyhisvirtuecrownsthem；andhiscontinuanceatTroywithallthevastarmyisaproofofthatadmirableenduranceinhimwhichissignifiedbythenameAgamemnon。IalsothinkthatAtreusisrightlycalled；forhismurderofChrysippusandhisexceedingcrueltytoThyestesaredamaginganddestructivetohisreputation——thenameisalittlealteredanddisguisedsoasnottobeintelligibletoeveryone，buttotheetymologistthereisnodifficultyinseeingthemeaning，forwhetheryouthinkofhimasateiresthestubborn，orasatrestosthefearless，orasaterosthedestructiveone，thenameisperfectlycorrectineverypointofview。AndIthinkthatPelopsisalsonamedappropriately；for，asthenameimplies，heisrightlycalledPelopswhoseeswhatisnearonly（otapelasoron）。
　　HERMOGENES：Howso？
　　SOCRATES：Because，accordingtothetradition，hehadnoforethoughtorforesightofalltheevilwhichthemurderofMyrtiluswouldentailuponhiswholeraceinremoteages；hesawonlywhatwasathandandimmediate，——orinotherwords，pelas（near），inhiseagernesstowinHippodamiabyallmeansforhisbride。EveryonewouldagreethatthenameofTantalusisrightlygivenandinaccordancewithnature，ifthetraditionsabouthimaretrue。
　　HERMOGENES：Andwhatarethetraditions？
　　SOCRATES：Manyterriblemisfortunesaresaidtohavehappenedtohiminhislife——lastofall，cametheutterruinofhiscountry；andafterhisdeathhehadthestonesuspended（talanteia）overhisheadintheworldbelow——allthisagreeswonderfullywellwithhisname。YoumightimaginethatsomepersonwhowantedtocallhimTalantatos（themostweighteddownbymisfortune），disguisedthenamebyalteringitintoTantalus；andintothisform，bysomeaccidentoftradition，ithasactuallybeentransmuted。
　　ThenameofZeus，whoishisallegedfather，hasalsoanexcellentmeaning，althoughhardtobeunderstood，becausereallylikeasentence，whichisdividedintotwoparts，forsomecallhimZena，andusetheonehalf，andotherswhousetheotherhalfcallhimDia；thetwotogethersignifythenatureoftheGod，andthebusinessofaname，asweweresaying，istoexpressthenature。Forthereisnonewhoismoretheauthoroflifetousandtoall，thanthelordandkingofall。WhereforewearerightincallinghimZenaandDia，whichareonename，althoughdivided，meaningtheGodthroughwhomallcreaturesalwayshavelife（dionzenaeipasitoiszosinuparchei）。Thereisanirreverence，atfirstsight，incallinghimsonofCronos（whoisaproverbforstupidity），andwemightratherexpectZeustobethechildofamightyintellect。Whichisthefact；forthisisthemeaningofhisfather’sname：KronosquasiKoros（Choreo，tosweep），notinthesenseofayouth，butsignifyingtochatharonchaiacheratontounou，thepureandgarnishedmind（sc。apotouchorein）。He，asweareinformedbytradition，wasbegottenofUranus，rightlysocalled（apotouorantaano）fromlookingupwards；which，asphilosopherstellus，isthewaytohaveapuremind，andthenameUranusisthereforecorrect。IfI
　　couldrememberthegenealogyofHesiod，IwouldhavegoneonandtriedmoreconclusionsofthesamesortontheremoterancestorsoftheGods，——thenI
　　mighthaveseenwhetherthiswisdom，whichhascometomeallinaninstant，Iknownotwhence，willorwillnotholdgoodtotheend。
　　HERMOGENES：Youseemtome，Socrates，tobequitelikeaprophetnewlyinspired，andtobeutteringoracles。
　　SOCRATES：Yes，Hermogenes，andIbelievethatIcaughttheinspirationfromthegreatEuthyphrooftheProspaltiandeme，whogavemealonglecturewhichcommencedatdawn：hetalkedandIlistened，andhiswisdomandenchantingravishmenthasnotonlyfilledmyearsbuttakenpossessionofmysoul，andto-dayIshalllethissuperhumanpowerworkandfinishtheinvestigationofnames——thatwillbetheway；butto-morrow，ifyouaresodisposed，wewillconjurehimaway，andmakeapurgationofhim，ifwecanonlyfindsomepriestorsophistwhoisskilledinpurificationsofthissort。
　　HERMOGENES：Withallmyheart；foramverycurioustoheartherestoftheenquiryaboutnames。
　　SOCRATES：Thenletusproceed；andwherewouldyouhaveusbegin，nowthatwehavegotasortofoutlineoftheenquiry？Arethereanynameswhichwitnessofthemselvesthattheyarenotgivenarbitrarily，buthaveanaturalfitness？Thenamesofheroesandofmeningeneralareapttobedeceptivebecausetheyareoftencalledafterancestorswithwhosenames，asweweresaying，theymayhavenobusiness；ortheyaretheexpressionofawishlikeEutychides（thesonofgoodfortune），orSosias（theSaviour），orTheophilus（thebelovedofGod），andothers。ButIthinkthatwehadbetterleavethese，fortherewillbemorechanceoffindingcorrectnessinthenamesofimmutableessences；——thereoughttohavebeenmorecaretakenaboutthemwhentheywerenamed，andperhapstheremayhavebeensomemorethanhumanpoweratworkoccasionallyingivingthemnames。
　　HERMOGENES：Ithinkso，Socrates。
　　SOCRATES：OughtwenottobeginwiththeconsiderationoftheGods，andshowthattheyarerightlynamedGods？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes，thatwillbewell。
　　SOCRATES：Mynotionwouldbesomethingofthissort：——Isuspectthatthesun，moon，earth，stars，andheaven，whicharestilltheGodsofmanybarbarians，weretheonlyGodsknowntotheaboriginalHellenes。Seeingthattheywerealwaysmovingandrunning，fromtheirrunningnaturetheywerecalledGodsorrunners（Theous，Theontas）；andwhenmenbecameacquaintedwiththeotherGods，theyproceededtoapplythesamenametothemall。Doyouthinkthatlikely？
　　HERMOGENES：Ithinkitverylikelyindeed。
　　SOCRATES：WhatshallfollowtheGods？
　　HERMOGENES：Mustnotdemonsandheroesandmencomenext？
　　SOCRATES：Demons！Andwhatdoyouconsidertobethemeaningofthisword？Tellmeifmyviewisright。
　　HERMOGENES：Letmehear。
　　SOCRATES：YouknowhowHesiodusestheword？
　　HERMOGENES：Idonot。
　　SOCRATES：Doyounotrememberthathespeaksofagoldenraceofmenwhocamefirst？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes，Ido。
　　SOCRATES：Hesaysofthem——
　　’ButnowthatfatehasclosedoverthisraceTheyareholydemonsupontheearth，Beneficent，avertersofills，guardiansofmortalmen。’（Hesiod，WorksandDays。）
　　HERMOGENES：Whatistheinference？
　　SOCRATES：Whatistheinference！Why，Isupposethathemeansbythegoldenmen，notmenliterallymadeofgold，butgoodandnoble；andIamconvincedofthis，becausehefurthersaysthatwearetheironrace。
　　HERMOGENES：Thatistrue。
　　SOCRATES：Anddoyounotsupposethatgoodmenofourowndaywouldbyhimbesaidtobeofgoldenrace？
　　HERMOGENES：Verylikely。
　　SOCRATES：Andarenotthegoodwise？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes，theyarewise。
　　SOCRATES：AndthereforeIhavethemostentireconvictionthathecalledthemdemons，becausetheyweredaemones（knowingorwise），andinourolderAtticdialecttheworditselfoccurs。Nowheandotherpoetssaytruly，thatwhenagoodmandieshehashonourandamightyportionamongthedead，andbecomesademon；whichisanamegiventohimsignifyingwisdom。
　　AndIsaytoo，thateverywisemanwhohappenstobeagoodmanismorethanhuman（daimonion）bothinlifeanddeath，andisrightlycalledademon。
　　HERMOGENES：ThenIratherthinkthatIamofonemindwithyou；butwhatisthemeaningoftheword’hero’？（Eroswithaneta，intheoldwritingeroswithanepsilon。）
　　SOCRATES：Ithinkthatthereisnodifficultyinexplaining，forthenameisnotmuchaltered，andsignifiesthattheywerebornoflove。
　　HERMOGENES：Whatdoyoumean？
　　SOCRATES：Doyounotknowthattheheroesaredemigods？
　　HERMOGENES：Whatthen？
　　SOCRATES：AllofthemsprangeitherfromtheloveofaGodforamortalwoman，orofamortalmanforaGoddess；thinkofthewordintheoldAttic，andyouwillseebetterthatthenameherosisonlyaslightalterationofEros，fromwhomtheheroessprang：eitherthisisthemeaning，or，ifnotthis，thentheymusthavebeenskilfulasrhetoriciansanddialecticians，andabletoputthequestion（erotan），foreireinisequivalenttolegein。Andtherefore，asIwassaying，intheAtticdialecttheheroesturnouttoberhetoriciansandquestioners。Allthisiseasyenough；thenoblebreedofheroesareatribeofsophistsandrhetors。Butcanyoutellmewhymenarecalledanthropoi？——thatismoredifficult。
　　HERMOGENES：No，Icannot；andIwouldnottryevenifIcould，becauseI
　　thinkthatyouarethemorelikelytosucceed。
　　SOCRATES：Thatistosay，youtrusttotheinspirationofEuthyphro。
　　HERMOGENES：Ofcourse。
　　SOCRATES：Yourfaithisnotvain；foratthisverymomentanewandingeniousthoughtstrikesme，and，ifIamnotcareful，beforeto-morrow’sdawnIshallbewiserthanIoughttobe。Now，attendtome；andfirst，rememberthatweoftenputinandpulloutlettersinwords，andgivenamesaswepleaseandchangetheaccents。Take，forexample，thewordDiiPhilos；inordertoconvertthisfromasentenceintoanoun，weomitoneoftheiotasandsoundthemiddlesyllablegraveinsteadofacute；as，ontheotherhand，lettersaresometimesinsertedinwordsinsteadofbeingomitted，andtheacutetakestheplaceofthegrave。
　　HERMOGENES：Thatistrue。
　　SOCRATES：Thenameanthropos，whichwasonceasentence，andisnowanoun，appearstobeacasejustofthissort，foroneletter，whichisthealpha，hasbeenomitted，andtheacuteonthelastsyllablehasbeenchangedtoagrave。
　　HERMOGENES：Whatdoyoumean？
　　SOCRATES：Imeantosaythattheword’man’impliesthatotheranimalsneverexamine，orconsider，orlookupatwhattheysee，butthatmannotonlysees（opope）butconsidersandlooksupatthatwhichhesees，andhencehealoneofallanimalsisrightlyanthropos，meaninganathronaopopen。
　　HERMOGENES：MayIaskyoutoexamineanotherwordaboutwhichIamcurious？
　　SOCRATES：Certainly。
　　HERMOGENES：Iwilltakethatwhichappearstometofollownextinorder。
　　Youknowthedistinctionofsoulandbody？
　　SOCRATES：Ofcourse。
　　HERMOGENES：Letusendeavourtoanalyzethemlikethepreviouswords。
　　SOCRATES：Youwantmefirstofalltoexaminethenaturalfitnessofthewordpsuche（soul），andthenofthewordsoma（body）？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：IfIamtosaywhatoccurstomeatthemoment，Ishouldimaginethatthosewhofirstusedthenamepsuchemeanttoexpressthatthesoulwheninthebodyisthesourceoflife，andgivesthepowerofbreathandrevival（anapsuchon），andwhenthisrevivingpowerfailsthenthebodyperishesanddies，andthis，ifIamnotmistaken，theycalledpsyche。Butpleasestayamoment；IfancythatIcandiscoversomethingwhichwillbemoreacceptabletothedisciplesofEuthyphro，forIamafraidthattheywillscornthisexplanation。Whatdoyousaytoanother？
　　HERMOGENES：Letmehear。
　　SOCRATES：Whatisthatwhichholdsandcarriesandgiveslifeandmotiontotheentirenatureofthebody？Whatelsebutthesoul？
　　HERMOGENES：Justthat。
　　SOCRATES：AnddoyounotbelievewithAnaxagoras，thatmindorsoulistheorderingandcontainingprincipleofallthings？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes；Ido。
　　SOCRATES：Thenyoumaywellcallthatpowerphusechewhichcarriesandholdsnature（ephusinokei，kaiekei），andthismayberefinedawayintopsuche。
　　HERMOGENES：Certainly；andthisderivationis，Ithink，morescientificthantheother。
　　SOCRATES：Itisso；butIcannothelplaughing，ifIamtosupposethatthiswasthetruemeaningofthename。
　　HERMOGENES：Butwhatshallwesayofthenextword？
　　SOCRATES：Youmeansoma（thebody）。
　　HERMOGENES：Yes。
　　SOCRATES：Thatmaybevariouslyinterpreted；andyetmorevariouslyifalittlepermutationisallowed。Forsomesaythatthebodyisthegrave（sema）ofthesoulwhichmaybethoughttobeburiedinourpresentlife；
　　oragaintheindexofthesoul，becausethesoulgivesindicationsto（semainei）thebody；probablytheOrphicpoetsweretheinventorsofthename，andtheywereundertheimpressionthatthesoulissufferingthepunishmentofsin，andthatthebodyisanenclosureorprisoninwhichthesoulisincarcerated，keptsafe（soma，sozetai），asthenamesomaimplies，untilthepenaltyispaid；accordingtothisview，notevenaletterofthewordneedbechanged。
　　HERMOGENES：Ithink，Socrates，thatwehavesaidenoughofthisclassofwords。ButhaveweanymoreexplanationsofthenamesoftheGods，likethatwhichyouweregivingofZeus？Ishouldliketoknowwhetheranysimilarprincipleofcorrectnessistobeappliedtothem。
　　SOCRATES：Yes，indeed，Hermogenes；andthereisoneexcellentprinciplewhich，asmenofsense，wemustacknowledge，——thatoftheGodsweknownothing，eitheroftheirnaturesorofthenameswhichtheygivethemselves；butwearesurethatthenamesbywhichtheycallthemselves，whatevertheymaybe，aretrue。Andthisisthebestofallprinciples；
　　andthenextbestistosay，asinprayers，thatwewillcallthembyanysortorkindofnamesorpatronymicswhichtheylike，becausewedonotknowofanyother。Thatalso，Ithink，isaverygoodcustom，andonewhichIshouldmuchwishtoobserve。Letus，then，ifyouplease，inthefirstplaceannouncetothemthatwearenotenquiringaboutthem；wedonotpresumethatweareabletodoso；butweareenquiringaboutthemeaningofmeningivingthemthesenames，——inthistherecanbesmallblame。
　　HERMOGENES：Ithink，Socrates，thatyouarequiteright，andIwouldliketodoasyousay。
　　SOCRATES：Shallwebegin，then，withHestia，accordingtocustom？
　　HERMOGENES：Yes，thatwillbeveryproper。
　　SOCRATES：WhatmaywesupposehimtohavemeantwhogavethenameHestia？
　　HERMOGENES：Thatisanotherandcertainlyamostdifficultquestion。
　　SOCRATES：MydearHermogenes，thefirstimposersofnamesmustsurelyhavebeenconsiderablepersons；theywerephilosophers，andhadagooddealtosay。
　　HERMOGENES：Well，andwhatofthem？
　　SOCRATES：TheyarethementowhomIshouldattributetheimpositionofnames。Eveninforeignnames，ifyouanalyzethem，ameaningisstilldiscernible。Forexample，thatwhichwetermousiaisbysomecalledesia，andbyothersagainosia。Nowthattheessenceofthingsshouldbecalledestia，whichisakintothefirstofthese（esia=estia），isrationalenough。AndthereisreasonintheAthenianscallingthatestiawhichparticipatesinousia。Forinancienttimeswetooseemtohavesaidesiaforousia，andthisyoumaynotetohavebeentheideaofthosewhoappointedthatsacrificesshouldbefirstofferedtoestia，whichwasnaturalenoughiftheymeantthatestiawastheessenceofthings。ThoseagainwhoreadosiaseemtohaveinclinedtotheopinionofHeracleitus，thatallthingsflowandnothingstands；withthemthepushingprinciple（othoun）isthecauseandrulingpowerofallthings，andisthereforerightlycalledosia。Enoughofthis，whichisallthatwewhoknownothingcanaffirm。NextinorderafterHestiaweoughttoconsiderRheaandCronos，althoughthenameofCronoshasbeenalreadydiscussed。ButIdaresaythatIamtalkinggreatnonsense。