首页 >出版文学> The North American Species of>第2章
  Inallreferencestothefruitofthisspeciesitisdescribedas"ovalandgreen,"exceptinIvesReport,whereDr。EngelmanndescribesitsrealcharacterastheordinaryfruitofEumamillaria。Theimmaturefruitis"ovalandgreen,"butwithmaturityitbecomesclavateandscarlet。TheUtahspecimensofParryshowanexceptionalcharacterintheir30to33scabrousradialspines,butotherwisetheyarequitenormal。M。
  microcarpaEngelm。,Emory’sRep。156。f。3,shouldbedroppedasasynonymofthisspecies,atleastastofigureanddescription。
  InallprobabilityC。grahamiisoneoftheformsoftheMexicanC。schelhasii(Pfeiff。)。ExceptthatinC。grahamitheradialspinesareapttobemorenumerousandlonger,andthecentralsmuchdarker;andinC。schelhasiithe3centralsseemtobealwayspresentandsometimesallhooked,thedescriptionssuggestnodifference。Intheabsenceofauthenticspecimensofthelatterspecies,however,andwithitsfruitandseedentirelyunknown,suchareferenceofC。grahamimustbedeferred。
  20。Cactusbocasanus(Poselger)。
  MamillariabocasanaPoselger,Gart。Zeit。94(1853)。
  Depressed-globose,2to3cm。high:tubercles8mm。long,withlongaxillarywool:radialspines25to30,whiteandcapillary,10to25mm。long;centralspines2to4,slenderandnaked(orslightlypuberulent),themostcentralonehooked(usuallyupwards),15to25mm。long,theupper1to3shorterandstraight,allyellowwithredtips,thehookedoneoftenbrownish-rednearlytothebase:flowersunknown:fruitgreen,about4mm。long:seedscinnamon-brown,oblique,broadlyobovate,withnarrowlyovatebasalhilum。Typeunknown。
  SanLuisPotosi,sofarasknown。Poselgersays,"Texas,aufderSeiradeBocas,amongrocks,"whichstationwehavebeenunabletolocate。
  Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891):alsospecimenscultivatedinHort。Pfersdorffin1869;inMo。Bot。
  Gard。in1891;alsogrowinginMo。Bot。Gard。1893。
  Thecapillaryradialsgivetheplantawhite-woollyappearance。
  Theyoungerspinesatthevertexareerectandtufted。ItresemblesC。grahami,butthetuberclesaremuchmoreslenderandnotthickenedatbase,allthespinesaremoreslender,thecentralhookedoneismorereddish,andthefruitismuchshorter。
  21。Cactuseschanzieri,sp。nov。
  Depressed-globose,3cm。indiameter,simple:tuberclesbroaderatbase,6to8mm。long,withnakedaxils:spinesallpubescent;
  radials15to20,withduskytips,thelateral10to12mm。long,thelowerweaker,shorterandcurved,theuppershorter;solitarycentralspinereddish,slender,somewhattwisted,usuallyhookedupwards,15to25mm。long:flowersred(?):fruitreddish(?),ovate,about10mm,long:seedsreddish,oblique-obovate,1。2mm。
  long,pitted,withsubventralhilum。TypeinHerb。Coulter。
  SanLuisPotosi。
  Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891)。
  ResemblesC。grahami,butwithfewerandmoreslenderpubescentspines,longerandlessrigidcentral,moreexsertedfruit,andmuchlargerreddishandstronglypittedseedswithsubventralhilum。
  22。Cactustetrancistrus(Engelm。)。
  MamillariatetrancistraEngelm。Am。Jour。Sci。II。xiv。337
  (1852),inpart。
  MamillariaphellospermaEngelm。Syn。Cact。262(1856)。
  CactuspellospermusKuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261(1891)。
  Ovateorovate-cylindrical,5to25cm。high,3。5to7。5cm。indiameter,simpleorrarelybranchingatbase:tuberclesovate-cylindrical,8to14mm。long,withaxillarybristle-bearingwool,atlengthnaked:radialspines30to60,intwoseries,theexteriorbristle-like,shorterandwhite,theinteriorstouter,longeranddusky-tippedorpurplish;centralspines3or4,stouter,longer,brownorblackishfromapalerbase,theupper2or3(10to14mm。long)straight,oroneortwoorevenallhooked,thelowerstouterandlonger(12to18
  mm。),hookedupwards:flowersabout2。5cm。long:fruit1to2。5
  cm。long:seedslarge(1。2to1。5mm。indiameter),globoseandwrinkled,partlyimmersedinabrownspongyorcorkycup-shaped3-lobedappendage。(Ill。Cact。Mex。Bound。t。7)Type,Parryof1850,butmodifiedbyLeConte14andBigelowof1854,allinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。
  Gravellysoilandsandystream-banks,fromtheeasternslopesofthemountainsofsouthernCalifornia,throughoutwesternArizonaandsouthernNevadatosouthernUtah;referredalsoto"N。W。
  Mexico"byHemsley(Biol。Centr-Amer。)。
  Specimensexamined:California(Parryof1850;Newberryof1858;
  Parishof1882):Arizona(LeConte14;Bigelowof1854;Dr。Loewof1875:alsoPalmerof1870,butwithnolocality。
  IntheoriginaldescriptionthisspecieswasconfoundedwithC。
  grahami,withwhichitgrowsandwhichitmuchresembles;andthis,togetherwiththefactthat4centralhookedspinesareseldomfound,inducedDr。Engelmann(Syn。Cact。262)toproposethemoreappropriatebutuntenablenameM。phellosperma。TheresemblancetoC。grahamiisnotsocloseasgeneralappearancewouldindicate,asthemoreoblongorcylindricalform,longerandlesscrowdedtubercles,morenumerousspines,oftenmorethanonehookedcentral,largeseeds,andremarkableseedappendagesservewelltodistinguishit。
  Plantswithfasciculateslendercylindricalstems(30to45
  cm。high,and2。5to6cm。indiameter):LowerCalifornian。
  23。Cactusroseanus(Brandegee)。
  MamillarialongihamataEngelm。Mss。
  MamillariaroseanaBrandegee,Zoe,ii。19(1891)。
  Fasciculatelybranchedatbase,thestems30to45cm。long(sometimespendentfromrocksandasmuchas200cm。long)and2。5to5cm。indiameter,thewholeplantglaucous:tubercleselongated-conical,ascending,10to12mm。long,withwoollyaxils:radialspines7to10,straight,rigidandsharp,9to15
  mm。long,darkreddishwhenyoung,becomingashy,theupperonesthelonger;thesolitarycentralmuchlonger(20to30mm。),almostblackbelowandwithreddishtip,becomingashywithage,usuallyhookeddownwards:flowersnumerous,2。5to3。5cm。long,brightscarlet:fruitobovatetoglobose,scarlet,6to9mm。indiameter,fleshy:seedsblackandpitted。TypeinHerb。Calif。
  Acad。
  ApparentlycommonatlowelevationsthroughoutsouthernLowerCalifornia,especiallytheeasternside。
  Specimensexamined:LowerCalifornia(W。M。Gabb17of1867,nearLoreto;Brandegeeof1889,atSanGregorio;Palmer139of1890,nearLaPaz;Palmer880of1890,onCarmenIsland;Brandegee241
  of1890,atRanchoColorado)。
  OneofthemostshowyspeciesofLowerCalifornia。TheplanthastheappearanceofaCoryphanth,andisremarkableforitstallandslenderhabit,itslargecentralhooks,anditsglobosefruit。Since1867thisspecieshasbeeninHerb。Engelmann,fullycharacterizedasaboveundertheveryappropriatespecificnamelongihamatus。
  24。Cactussetispinus,sp。nov。
  MamillariaSetispinaEngelm。Mss。
  Fasciculateandascending,simpleorbranchedatbase,thestemsabout30cm。highand3to6cm。indiameter,denselycoveredwithremarkablylongstoutspines:tuberclesshortandbroadlyconical,withaxillarywool:spineswhite。withblacktips;
  radials10to12,widelyspreading,veryunequal,10to34mm。
  long,slenderandflexuous;centralspines1to4,morerigidandmuchlonger(20to50mm。),theupperonesstraight,thelowestonelongestandhooked(usuallyupwards)andoftenvariouslycurvedandtwisted:fruitobovateandscarlet30mm。long:seeds,blackandpitted。Type,Gabb15inHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。
  Rockyorgravellysoil,SanJulioCanyon。andinthevicinityofSanBorgia,LowerCalifornia。
  Specimensexamined:LowerCalifornia(W。M。Gabb15of1867,atSanBorgia;Brandegeeof1889,fromSanBorgiaandSanJulioCanyon)。
  InhisnotesMr。Gabbdescribesthefloweras"large,3to3。5
  incheslong,bell-shaped,ofabeautifulpurplishredcolor,"
  concerningwhichDr。Engelmannremarks"thiswouldindicateaCoryphanth,butthetuberclesshownotraceofagroove,and,moreover,awitheredremnantofaflowerlaterallyattached(say18to20mm。long),sothatIhavenodoubtthatMr。Gabb’sstatementisfoundedonsomeerror。"ItisveryprobablethattheflowersarescarletandlargerthanDr。Engelmannsuggests。
  ThespeciesiscloselyalliedtoC。roseanus,butdiffersinitsshortertuberclesandmuchlongerspines。Aboutadozenstemsriseinaclump,aboutafoothigh,coveringanareaof2or3
  feet。ThesetwospeciesrepresentaverydistinctLowerCaliforniangroupofcylindricalandhookedEumamillarias。Bothprobablyhaveshowyscarletflowersandmayattainconsiderablelengthwhengrowinguponrockledgessoastobecomependent。
  ThespecimensofC。setispinusfromSanJulioCanyonarefromyoungerpartsandshowbutasinglelongandhookedcentral。TheSanBorgiaspecimensshowmostly3or4centrals,thelowestonehookedandbecomingremarkablylongandoftenvariouslytwistedandcurved。However,Icandiscovernodifferenceexceptsuchasmaybeduetoage。
  Centralspinespresentandnothooked。
  Centralspinesmorethanone,longerthantheradials,whicharenumerous,whiteandslender(capillaryorbristle-like)
  (rigidinC。Halei)。
  25。Cactushalei(Brandegee)。
  MamillariahaleiBrandegee,Proc。Calif。Acad。SciScr。2。ii。
  161(1889)。
  Stemscylindrical,8to10inaclump,about30cm。highand5to7。5cm。indiameter:tuberclesshort,withaxillarywool:radialspines10to22,rigidanderect-spreading,unequal,6to15mm。
  long;centralspinesnumerousanderect-spreading,1to3ofthemverystoutandprominent(25to35mm。long);allthespinesstraight,atfirstreddish-brown,becomingyellowishandashy,moreorlessdark-tipped:flowers2。5cm。long,brightscarlet(almostthroughout):fruit12mm,long,clavateandred:seedsblackandpitted。(Ill。l。c。t。6)TypeinHerb。Calif。Acad。
  AbundantonMagdalenaandSantaMargaritaIslands,westerncoastofLowerCalifornia。Fl。January。
  Specimensexamined:LowerCalifornia(Brandegeeof1889,onMagdalenaIsland)。
  Thetuberclesaresoclosetogetherthattheplantappearsthicklycoveredwiththeunusuallystoutanderect-spreadingstraightspines,afewofthecentralsbeingspeciallyprominent。
  Theplantismoreslenderthantheordinary"cylindrical"
  membersofthegenus,butstouterthantheslenderhookedformsoftheprecedingsection。
  26。Cactusrhodanthus(Link&Otto)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261
  (1891)。
  MamillariarhodanthaLink&Otto,Icon。t。26(1828-31)
  MamillarialaniferaHaw。Phil。Mag。lxiii。,41(),notSalm-Dyck(1850)。
  Oblongorsubcylindric,30cm。ormorehigh,7。5to10cm。indiameter,oftenforkingfromthemiddle:tuberclesconical,12
  mm。long,8mm。indiameter,withwoollyaxils:radialspines16
  to20,bristle-like,white,thelowerlonger(8to10mm。);
  centralspines6or7,rigid,whitishwithblacktip,12mm。
  long:flowersrosecolor,12mm。indiameter:fruit2。5cm。long,cylindrical。(Ill。l。c。)Typeunknown。
  ReferredtoMexicoingeneral,butreportedasyetfromSanLuisPotositosouthernMexico。Fl。profuselyallsummer。
  Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Bourgeau47;Pringle3679;
  Eschanzierof1891):alsogrowinginMo。Bot。Gard。1893。
  ThespecimensofBourgeauandPringlehavesomewhatlargerspinesthanthetype,asindicatedbythedescription。
  27。Cactusrhodanthussulphureospinus。
  MamillariasulphureaForst。Handb。Cact。(1846),notCactussulphureusGill,(1830)。
  MamillariarhodanthasulphureaSalm,Hurt。Cact。Dyck。11
  (1850)。
  Centralspinessulphur-yellow;otherwiselikethespecies。Typeunknown。
  SanLuisPotosi。
  Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Pfeiffer,withnonumberordate;Eschanzierof1891)。
  Thevarietaldistinctionmaintainedseemsasmallone,butitisconstantandstriking,sofarascanbediscovered。
  28。Cactuscapillaris。
  MamillarialaniferaSalm,Cact。Hort。Dyck。98(1850),notHaw。
  CactuslaniferusKuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。250(1891)。
  Cylindricalanderect:tuberclescrowded,conical,glaucous,withaxillarybristles:radialspinescapillaryandverynumerous,whiteandcrisped,entirelycoveringtheplant;centralspines4
  to6,rigid,straightandspreading,straw-colored,8to12mm。
  long:flowersequalingthetubercles,theyellowpetalsstripedwithred:fruitunknown。Typeunknown。
  ReferredtoMexicoingeneral,butdefinitelyknownonlyfromCoahuila。
  Specimensexamined:Coahuila。(Palmerof1880)。
  ThereisaconfusionofsynonymybetweenthisspeciesandC。
  rhodanthus,bothhavingbeennamedMamillarialanifera。TheearlierM。laniferaofHaworth,however,isclearlyM。rhodanthaofLink&Otto;andalthoughPrinceSalm-Dyckrevivedthenameforthepresentspecies,thelawofhomonymswillnotpermitittostand。Thenameproposedreferstotheabundantdisplayofcapillaryradialspines,whichisprobablythemostnotablefeature。
  29。Cactuspalmeri,sp。nov。
  Cylindrical:tuberclescrowded,glaucous,cylindrical(somewhatbroadestabove),about4mm。long,withdenseaxillarywoolcontainingbristles:radialspines25to30,veryslenderandwhitebutrigid,about5mm。long,spreadingorsomewhatradiant,entangledwiththoseofneighboringtubercles,andsocoveringthewholeplant;centralspines3to5(usually4),morerobust,erectorslightlydivergent,brownishwithdarkertip,7to8mm。
  long:flowerssmall:fruitclavateandscarlet:seedsblackandstronglypitted,0。5to0。8mm。indiameter。Type,Palmer921inU。S。Nat。Herb。
  SanBenitoIsland,offthewestcoastoflowerCalifornia。
  Specimensexamined:LowerCalifornia,SanBenitoIsland(Palmer921of1889,reportedasMamillariaGoodrichii)。
  VerycloselyalliedtoC。capillarisofeasternMexico。
  30。CactusstellatusWilld。Enum。Suppl。30(1813)。
  CactuspusillusDC。Cat。Hort。Monsp。184(1813),notHaw。
  (1803)。
  MamillariapusillaDC。Prod。iii。459(1828)。
  AverycommonWestIndianspecies,apparentlydifferingfromthevarietyonlyintheverymuchfewer(12to20)radialspines,althoughnumerousspecimens,bothdriedandliving,wereexaminedforadditionalcharacters。Thisdifference,however,issoconstantandstrikingthat,takentogetherwiththewidegeographicalseparation,itshouldstandasvarietal。
  31。Cactusstellatustexanus(Engelm。)。
  MamillariapusillatexanaEngelm。Syn。Cact。216(1856)。
  MamillariatexanaYoung,Fl。Texas,279(1873)。
  Ovate-globose,2。5to3cm。indiameter,2。5to6cm。high,proliferousandatlengthcespitose:tubercles7to9mm。long,thelongaxillarywoolintermixedwithseveralcoarsetwistedbristles:radialspinesverynumerous,inmanyseries,theouterones(30to50)capillary,white,elongatedandflexuousorcrisped(12to16mm,longwhenstraightened),theinnerones(10
  to12)morerigid,shorter(6to8mm。),puberulent,whitishoryellowish,usuallydark-tipped;centralspines5to8,rigid,straight,pubescent,unequal,whitebelowandreddishordarkabove:flowers1。5to2cm。long,theyellowish-whitepetalswithreddishmedianband:fruit1。5to2cm。long:seedsblackandshining,conspicuouslypitted,1。2mm。long。(Ill。Cact。Mex。
  Bound。t5。)Type,BigelowspecimensinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。
  FromthemouthoftheRioGrandetoElPaso,Tex。,andsouthwardintoCoahuilaandChihuahua。Fl。March-May。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Bigelowof1853;Nealleyof1892):
  Coahuila(Bigelowof1853):alsogrowinginMo。Bot。Gard。1892
  and1893。
  Theexteriorcapillaryspinescoverthewholeplantaswithacoarsewool。
  32。Cactuspringlei,sp。nov。
  Globose(?),5cm。indiameter:tuberclesshort-conical,about6
  mm。long,withverywoollyaxils:radialspines18to20,setaceous-bristlyandradiant,5to8min。long;centralspines5to7(usually6),stoutandhorny,moreorlessrecurved,spreading,20to25mm。long;allstraw-colored,butthecentralsdarker:flowersdeepred(darker,evenbrownish,outside),8to10mm。long:fruitunknown。Type,Pringleof1891inHerb。Gray。
  SanLuisPotosi。
  Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Pringleof1891)。
  EvidentlyamemberoftheChrysacanthagroupandnearC。
  rhodanthussulphureospinus,butdiffersinthemuchshortertubercles,straw-coloredspines,shorterradials,muchlongercentrals,andsmallerdarkerflowers。
  33。Cactussphaerotrichus(Lem。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261
  (1891)。
  MamillariasphaerotrichaLem。Cact。33(1839)。
  Depressed-globose:tuberclescylindrical,obtuse,withsomeaxillarybristles:radialspinesverymuchcrowded,exceedinglynumerous,radiant,veryslenderandbristle-like,white;centralspines6to10andevenmore,erectandmorerigid:flowerspalereddish:fruitunknown。Typeunknown。
  ReferredtoMexicoingeneral,butreportedonlyfromSanLuisPotosi。
  Specimensexamined:MexicanspecimensfromHort。Dyckin1857;
  fromHort。Pfersdorffin1869;andgrowinginMo。Bot。Gard。1893
  (frommaterialsentbyPringlefromSanLuisPotosi)。
  Thesinglecentralspineshorterthantheradials(inC。
  longimammacentralsoftenmorethanoneandsomewhatlonger)。
  34。Cactusgabbli,sp。nov。
  MamillariagabbiiEngelmMss。
  Globose,5to10cm。indiameter,simple:tuberclescylindrical,slender,12to14mm。long,withwoollyaxils:radialspinesabout13,5to8mm。long,loweroneslongerandstouter,especiallythelateralonespectinate;thecentralshorter,straight,androbust:flowerssmall,yellowish-red:fruitunknown。TypeinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。
  Amongrocks,fromSanIgnaciotoMissionSanFernando,LowerCalifornia,and"perhapsfarthernorthintheinterior。"
  Specimensexamined:LowerCalifornia(W。M。Gabb19of1867)。
  35。Cactussphaericus(Dietr。)Kuntze,Rev。GenPl。261(1891)。
  MamillariasphaericaDietr。Allg。Gart。Zeitxxi。94(1853)。
  Obovateorclavate,5cm。ormorehigh,proliferousandatlengthdenselycespitose:tubercleselongated-ovate,acutish,12to10
  mm。longwithaxillarywool:radialspines12to14,setaceous,7
  to9mm。long,bulbousatbase,straightorcurved,white;
  centralspinestraight,subulate,somewhatshorter,butscarcelystouter:flowersyellow,3。5to5cm。long:fruitunknown。Typeunknown。
  SandyridgesinthevalleyoftheRioGrande(bothsidesoftheriver),fromthemouthtoEaglePass。Fl。fromMarchthroughouttheseason。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Schottof1852):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1845and1861。
  Dietrich’sdescriptionwastakenfromplantscollectedbyPoselgeratCorpusChristi。TheSchottspecimensarefromEaglePass。Dr。EngelmanncallsattentiontothefactthatthisspeciesapproachesCoryphanthainitsexsertedovaryandlargeflower,buttheflowersareclearlyfromthegrowthoftheprecedingseason。ThespeciesissaidtobetooneartheMexicanC。longimammaofcentralandsouthernMexico,butintheabsenceoftypespecimensofeitherthequestioncannotbesettled。TheusualcharacterizationofC。longimammaisasfollows,whichseemstomakeitdistinctenough:
  36。Cactuslongimamma(DC。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。260(1891)。
  MamillarialongimammaDC。Rev。Cact。113(1829)。
  Ovateoratlengthcylindrical,simpleorcespitose:tuberclesoblong-ovate,largeatbase,4to5cm。long:radialspines7or8,radiantandequal,8to10mm。longormore,moreorlesspubescent;centralspines1to3,somewhatlongerandspreading:
  flower4cm。long,becoming6cm。broadwhenfullyexpanded,yellow。(Ill。DC。Mem。Cact。t。5。)
  II。CORYPHANTHA。Flowersfromthebaseofagrooveonyoungornascenttubercles(henceappearingterminal),mostlylarge:
  spinesneverhooked(exceptinthedoubtfulC。brunneus)。
  *Flowersyellow。
  Theoriginallycentralflowerspushedasidebythecontinuousdevelopmentofnewtubercles:usuallyasingleprominentcentralspine。
  37。Cactusmissouriensis(Sweet)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。259
  (1891)。
  CactusmamillarisNutt。Gen。i。295(1818),notLinn。(1753)。
  MamillariamissouriensisSweet,Hort。Brit。171(1827)。
  MamillariasimplexTorr。&Gray,Fl。N。Am。i。553(1840)。
  MamillarianuttalliiEngelm。Pl。Fendl。49(1849)。
  MamillarianotesteiniiBritton,Bull。Torr。Bot。Club,xviii,367(1891)。
  Globose,3。5cm。indiameter,simpleornearlyso:tuberclesovate-cylindrical,12to14mm。long,slightlygrooved:radialspines13to17,straight,whitish,setaceous,somewhatunequal,8to10mm。long;centralspinemorerobust,straightandporrect,puberulent,10to12mm。long,oftenwanting:flowersabout2。5cm。long,yelloworreddish:stigmas2to5:fruitglobose,scarlet,6to8mm。indiameter:seedsglobose,blackandpitted,0。8to1。1mm。indiameter。(Ill。Cact。Mex。Bound。
  t。74。,f。6,seeds。)Typeunknown。
  HighprairiesoftheUpperMissouri,fromMontanatoSouthDakotaandsouthwardthroughwesternNebraskatowesternKansasandtheeasternslopesofthemountainsofColorado。Fl。May。
  Specimensexamined:Montana(Notesteinof1893):NationalPark(Tweedy423):SouthDakota,(collectorunknown,in1847,1848,1853):Nebraska(Haydenof1855)。
  38。Cactusmissouriensissimilis(Engelm。)。
  MamillariasimilisEngelm。Pl。Lindh。246(1845)。
  MamillarianuttalliicaespitosaEngelm。Syn。Cact。265(1856)。
  MamillariamissouriensiscaespitosaWatson,Bibl。Index,403(1878)。
  Cespitose,with12to15puberulentradialspines,thecentralveryoftenwanting,largerflowers(2。5to5cm。long),fruitandseeds(1。6to2。2mm。indiameter),and5stigmas。(Ill。Cact。
  Mex。Bound。t。74。f7,seeds)Type,Lindheimer,of1845(?)inHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。
  FromtheKansasRiver,Kansas,andeasternColorado,southwardthroughOklahomatotheSanAntonioRiver,Texas。
  Specimensexamined:Colorado(Greeneof1870):Kansas(Carleton551of1891,fromKingmanCounty,distributedasMamillariadasyacantha):Oklahoma(Carleton120of1891):Texas(Lindheimerof1845,1850;Wrightof1850;Reverchon725):alsospecimenscultivatedinGoebel’sGardenin1846;andinSt。Louisin1846,1847,1851。
  Thecespitosemassesareoftenafootbroad。
  39。Cactusmissouriensisrobustior(Engelm。)。
  MamillariasimilisrobustiorEngelm。Pl。Lindh。200(1850)。
  MamillarianuttalliirobustiorEngelm。andBigel。Pacif。R。
  Rep。iv。28(1856)。
  MamillariamissouriensisrobustiorWatson,Bibl。Index,440(1878)。
  Almostsimple,withlongeraidloosertubercles,10to12stouterradialspines(6to16mm。long),asinglestoutcentral,largerflowers,and7or8stigmas。Type,Lindheimerof1845inHerb。
  Mo。Bot。Gard。
  FromsoutheasternColoradoandtheCanadianRiver(OklahomaandIndianTerritory),totheColoradoRiverofTexas。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Lindheimerof1845,1846;Bigelowof1853):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1847。
  InBigelow’sspecimensthecentralspineismostlylacking。
  40。Cactusscheerii(Muhlenpf。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261
  (1891)。
  MamillariascheeriiMuhlenpf。Allg。Gart。Zeit。xv。97(1847)。
  MamillariascheeriivalidaEngelm。Syn。Cact。265(1856)。
  Ovate-globose,7。5to17。5cm。high,7。5to12。5cm。indiameter,simpleorsparinglyproliferousatbase:tubercleslarge(2。5to3。5cm。long),fromabroadbaseandsuddenlycontractedandalmostcylindric(10to14mm。indiameter),deeplygrooved(1to5orbicularglandsinthegroove),distant,spreadingandascending,theloweronesshorter,moreconicalandsomewhatimbricated,withbroadaxilsandtheyoungerdenselywoolly:
  radialspines6to16,straightorslightlycurved,stout,rigid,bulbousatbase,whitishoryellowish(sometimesreddish)withdarktip,the2to5lowerandlateralonesstouterandcompressed(18to30mm。long),the4to11upperonesweakerandterete(10to20mm。long);centralspines1to5,stoutandangled,20to36mm。long,,mostlyyellow(sometimesreddish),asingleoneverystoutandporrect:flowers5cm。long,yellow(sometimesreddishtinged):fruitovateorsubglobose,green:
  seedslarge(3mm。long),flatandobovate,red。Typeunknown;
  thatoftheoldvar。validaistheWrightmaterialinHerb。Mo。
  Bot。Gard。
  Sandyridges,southwesternTexas,fromEaglePassandheadoftheLimpiatoElPaso,andsouthwardintoChihuahua,Coahuila,andSanLuisPotosi;alsosouthernMexico(fideHemsley)。Fl。
  July。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Wright416,478,of1851,1852;Evansof1891):SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891)。
  Thevar。validawasdescribedbyDr。EngelmannwithouthavingseenC。scheerii,theonlyknowledgeofthatspeciesbeingobtainedfromthedescriptionofPrinceSalm-DyckinCact。Hort。
  Dyck。,whichseemedtoindicateasmallerform,withfewerspinesthantheTexanform。However,whenvisitingthecollectionsofPrinceSalm-Dyck,Dr。EngelmannfoundoriginalspecimensofC。
  scheeriiwhichwereexactlyhisvar。valida。SofarascollectionsshowtheTexanformseemstobemorerobustthantheMexican,butthematerialistooscantytojustifysuchageneralization。Dr。Engelmannspeaksofthisspeciesas"astatelyplant,byfarthelargest,ofthenorthernMamillariae"
  Itstuberclesarebrightgreenandinbeautifulcontrastwiththeshowyyellowspines。
  41。Cactusrobustispinus(Schott)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261
  (1891)。
  MamillariarobustispinaSchottinEngelm。Syn。Cact。265
  (1856)。
  Alargestoutplant,simpleorcespitose:tubercleslarge,subterete,nearly2。5cm。long(andaboutthesamedistancefromeachother):radialspines12to15,stoutandrigid,18to30
  mm。long,theloweronesthestouter,moredusky,straightoroftencurveddownwards,theupperstraightandfascicled;thesolitarycentralspinestout,compressed,curveddownwards(occasionallyanadditionalstraighterupperone),notmuchlongerthantheradials,thebasenearly2mm。wide;allthespineshornyandblack-tipped;flowers3。5to5cm。longwithveryslenderandconstrictedtube,saffron-yellow:fruitgreenseedslarge(3to3。2mm,longand2mm。indiameter),obliquelyobovateandcurved,smoothandbrownish。(Ill。Cact。Mex。Bound。
  t。74。fig。8,seeds)Type,SchottspecimensinHerb。Mo。Bot。
  Gard。
  "OngrassyprairiesonthesouthsideoftheBabuquibariMountains,"Sonora。Fl。July。
  Specimensexamined:Sonora(Schottof1853-4)。
  Dr。EngelmannremarksthattheseedsofthisspeciesarelargerthanthoseofanyotherMamillariaknowntohim。
  42。Cactusrecurvatus(Engelm。)KuntzeRev。Gen。Pl。259(1891)。
  MamillariarecurvispinaEngelm。Syn。Cact。265(1856),notVries。
  MamillariarecurvataEngelm。Trans。St。LouisAcad。ii。
  202(1863)。
  Globoseordepressed-globose,7。5to20cm。indiameter,simple:
  tuberclesovate,deeplygrooved,crowded,somewhatimbricate,10
  to12mm。long:radialspines12to20,bulbousatbase,compressed,rigid,recurvedorflexuous,8to18mm。long,whitishorhorny,interwovenwithadjacentclusters;centralspinesolitary(sometimesanadditionalupperone),stouterandlonger(12to20mm。),dark,mostlystronglyrecurvedandappressed(rarelystraightish):flowersabout3。5cm。long,yellow(brownish-tingedoutside):fruitunknown。Type,SchottspecimensinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。
  FromSonoratosouthernMexico。Fl。June-August。
  Specimensexamined:Sonora(Schottof1855)。
  43。Cactussalm-dyckianus(Scheer)Kuntze。Rev。Gen。Pl。261
  (1891)。
  Mamillariasalm-dyckianaScheerinSalm,Cact。Hort。Dyck。134
  (1850)。
  Subglobose:tuberclesverybroadandretuse,almost2-partedbythetomentosegroove,withaxillaryfloccosewool:radialspines7or8,veryrigid,widelyradiant,somewhatcurved,3to3。5cm。
  long,inoldertubercles3to6additionalslenderandstraightortwistedspines;thesolitarycentralspineverystout,erect,almost5cm。long:flowersandfruitunknown。Type:Scheersaysthatthisplant,broughtfromChihuahuabyPotts,"unfortunatelyperished,"andthedescriptionwasdrawnfromfragments,whichinthosedayswerenotapttobepreserved。
  Chihuahua。
  Specimensexamined:Chihuahua("Salmof1857")。
  ThespecimenreferredtoisinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。,andrevealsnoadditionalcharacters;norcanthelabelbeinterpreted,exceptthatitindicatesthatthespecimenisfromplantscultivatedsuccessfullyinthegardensofPrinceSalm-Dyck。
  Flowerandfruitremainingcentralintheverywoollyvertexoftheplant。
  Centralspinesolitaryorwanting。
  44。Cactuscompactus(Engelm。)KuntzeRev。Gen。Pl。260(1891)。
  MamillariacompactaEngelm。Wisliz。Rep。21(1848)。
  Depressed-globose,5to10cm。indiameter,simple:tuberclesshort-conical,crowded,8mm。long:radialspines13to16,rigid,recurvedandappressed,interwovenwithadjacentclusters,whitishorhorny,10to20mm。long;theerectcentralspineoftenwanting:flowers3to3。5cm。longandbroad,yellow(brownishwithout):fruitoval,green:seeds1。4mm。long,smoothandyellow。(Ill。Cact。Mex。Bound。t。74。fig。2,seeds)Type,Wislizenusof1846inHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。
  MountainsofChihuahua。Fl。June-July。
  Specimensexamined:Chihuahua(Wislizenusof1846):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1848,1850,1854。
  45。Cactusradians。(DC。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261(1891)。
  MamillariaradiansDC。Rev。Cact。111(1829)。
  MamillariapectinataEngelmSyn。Cact。266(1856)。
  Globose,3。5to7。5cm。indiameter,simple:tuberclesconical,froma4-angledbase,loweronesshort(4to6mm。),upperflower-bearingoneslonger(10to12mm。),tereteandgrooved:
  radialspines16to24,somewhatrecurvedfromabulbouscompressedbase,stiffandpectinate,hornyorwhitish(atlengthashy),interwovenwithadjacentclusters,thoseonlowertuberclesaboutequal(6to10mm。),onflower-bearingtubercleselongated,mixedwithafewstouteronesandfasciculated(lowerones10to12mm。long,upperones12to18mm。longandforminganapicaltuft);centralsnone:flowersover5cm。longandabout6to7。5cm。indiameterwhenexpanded,brightsulphur-yellow:
  fruitovateandgreen,about12mm。long:seedscompressed,brownishsmoothandshining,1。8mm。long。(Ill。Cact。Mex。
  Bound。t。11)Typeunknown;thatofM。pectinataEngelm。istheWrightmaterialinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。
  ExtendingfromthehillsalongtheLowerPecostoElPaso,southwesternTexas,southwardthroughCoahuilaandSanLuisPotositosouthernMexico。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Wright226of1849,alsoof1852;
  Evansof1891):Coahuila(Palmerof1880;Mrs。Nickels):SanLuisPotosi(Parry&Palmer265;Eschanzierof1891):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1853;inMo。Bot。Gard。in1892;andinHarv。BotGard。
  EvenintheabsenceofthetypeIhaveventuredtoreferMamillariapectinataEngelm。tothisspecies。Dr。Engelmannhadconcludedthatthetwowere"notsufficientlydistinct,"andtheexaminationofMexicanformswhichpassasC。radiansabundantlyconfirmsthisconclusion。Besides,everycharacterintheoriginaldescriptionofC。radiansappliesexactlytotheseMexicanplantsandtoourTexanspecimensaswell。AsidefromthefactthattheMexicanspecimensareapttobemorerobust,I
  candiscovernodifferencewhatever。FordiscussionofrelationshipsseeunderC。scolymoides。
  46。Cactusradianspectenoides,var。nov。
  Differsinitscespitosehabit,fewer(16or17)andstouterspines(8to9mm。long),anditslargerandlonger(10mm。)lessdeeplygroovedtubercles。TypeinHerb。Coulter。
  SanLuisPotosi。
  Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891)。
  47。Cactuscorniferus(DC。)Kuntze,Rev。GenPl。260(1891)。
  MamillariacorniferaDC。Rev。Cact。111(1829)。
  MamillariaimpexicomaLem。Hort。Monov。Cult。5(1839)。
  MamillariacorniferaimpexicomaSalm。Cact。Hort。Dyck。
  20(1850)。
  Globose,7。5cm。indiameter,simple:tuberclesoblong-ovate,2
  cmlong,crowded,theyoungeraxilswoolly:radialspines15to26,rigidandhorny,curvedorsometimesstraight,reflexed,bulbousatbase,yellowish(whiterwithage)andwithdarktips,verysharp,10to12mm,long;thecentralonemuchstouter,darker,slightlydeflexed,12to16mmlong,sometimeswanting:
  flowerunknown:fruitobovate,red,2cmlong:seedsreddish,angular,smooth,2mm。long。Typeunknown。
  FromSanLuisPotositosouthernMexico。
  Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Parryof1879;Eschanzierof1891):alsospecimenscultivatedinMo。Bot。Gard。in1892;
  growinginsamegardenin1893。MamillariaimpexicomaLem。,afterwardsreducedtoavariety,wasbaseduponfewerradialspinesandnocentral。Asthecentralisoccasionallywantinginconnectionwiththemostnumerousradials,andpresentwiththefewest,suchaformwouldhavetobeseparatedsolelyontheabsenceofthecentralspine,andevenintheoriginaldescriptionofimpexicomathecentralspineisonlysaidtobe"sometimeswanting。"Ithasbeenimpossibleformetoseparatetheforms。Itshouldbesaidthatthefruitandseedcharactersgivenaboveweretakenfrontaspecimenwhosefewradialsandnocentralswouldundoubtedlyreferittoimpexicoma。AsyetweareignorantoftheflowerofC。corniferus。FordiscussionofrelationshipsseeunderC。scolymoides。
  Centralspines1to4。
  48。Cactusscolymoides(Scheidw。)Kuntze。Rev。Gen。Pl。261
  (1891)。
  MamillariascolymoidesScheidwAllg。Gart。Zeit。ix。44
  (1841)。
  Globoseorovate,5to7。5cm。high。subsimple:tuberclesconical,10to16mm。long,theupperelongated,incurvedandimbricate:radialspines14to20,straightoroftenrecurved,whiteorhorny,10to20mm。long(theupperthelonger);centralspines1to4,longer(18to32mm。),moredusky,curved,theupperonesturnedupwardsandintermixedwiththeradials,theloweronestouter,longer,andcurveddownwards:flowers5cm。
  long:fruitunknown。Typeunknown。
  FromthePecosRiver,westernTexas,westwardintosouthernNewMexico,andsouthwardintoChihuahuaandSanLuisPotosi。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Haysof1858):NewMexico(Bigelowof1853):Chihuahua(Wislizenusof1846):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1858。
  SpecimenscollectedbyMrs。AnnaBNickelsacrosstheRioGrandefromLaredo,Texas,andshowingneitherflowernorfruit,seemtointergradebetweenC。scolymoidesandC。scolymoidessulcatus。
  Thehabitisthatoftheformer,thetuberclesarethoseofthelatter,whilethespinesaresomewhatdifferentfromeither。Thenumberofcentralspinesinthesespecimensisveryhardtodetermine,asontheadulttubercletheyallassumearadialposition。Theusualadultarrangementisanapparentabsenceofcentralspines;10to12rigid,spreadingandmoreorlessrecurvedradials(increasinginlengthfromthelowest),whicharemostlywhiteortheuppermoreorlessdusky;andabove,justbehindtheradialrow,2or3stoutrecurved-ascendingspines,whicharewhitewithtipsmoreorlessreddish-black,oneofthespinesusuallymuchstouterandlongerthantheothers。Thisformmayrepresentadistinctspecies,butitseemsveryunsafetoaddspeciestotheC。scolymoidesgroupwithoutthefullestinformation。
  PrinceSalm-DyckrefersC。scolymoidesto"M。daimonocerasLem。
  Cact。gen。nov。,p。5,"butnomentionofsuchanamecanbefoundintheworkreferredto。LabouretrefersC。corniferustothesamenameandreference。If"M。daimonoceras"wasanythingmorethanagardenorherbariumnameusedbyLemaireIhavebeenunabletofindit,andDr。Engelmann’snotesindicatethathissearchmetwiththesameresult。ItispossiblethatthenamewasappliedlooselytothisassemblageofcloselyrelatedformsthatseemtoclusteraboutC。corniferus。
  Amostperplexingquestionofrelationshipispresentedbytheformsthathavebeencalledpectinatus,scolymoides,sulcatus(calcaratus),Echinus,andtheMexicanformsradians,impexicomus,corniferus。Itmaybethattheyareallmerelyvarietiesofonestrongpolymorphictype,butourknowledgeofcorniferusissoincomplete,andmaterialofotherformsissoscanty,thatIcannotventuretomakesuchanassertion。
  However,itseemsprobablethatradians,pectinatus,scolymoides,sulcatusandEchinusallhavegreenfruit,whileinimpexicomusandcorniferusitisred。Ithasalsoseemedpropertomergeradiansandpectinatus,alsoimpexicomusandcorniferus,andtorefersulcatustoscolymoidesasavariety。Thesesevenformsarethusreducedatleasttofourspecies。
  49。Cactusscolymoidessulcatus(Engelm。)。
  MamillariasulcataEngelm。Pl。Lindh。246(1845),notPfeiff。
  (1848)。
  MamillariastrobiliformisMuhlenpf。Allg。Gart。Zeit。xvi。19
  (1848),notScheer(1850)。
  MamillariacalcarataEngelm。Pl。Lindh。195(1850)。
  CactuscalcaratusKuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。259(1891)。
  Differsinitssmallersize;proliferousandmuchmorecespitosehabit,thedilatedbaseofthemorespreadingtubercles,fewer(8
  to12)radialspines,usuallyasinglecentralspine(wantinginyoungplants)andsomewhatlargerflowers。(Ill。Cact。Mex。
  Bound。t。74。fig。1,seeds)Type,Lindheimerof1844inHerb。
  Mo。Bot。Gard。
  Texas,fromtheBrazostotheNueces。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Lindheimerof1844;Fendler34;Wrightof1850,1854,1857):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1845,1848,1853,1859。
  Thisseemstorepresentthenortheasternextensionofthespecies,anddoubtlessitwillbefoundmergingintoitsouthandwestoftheNueces。Curiouslyenoughoneoftheprominentdistinctionsoriginallygivenwasthesinglecentralspine,whileinthetypespecimenthereoccurtubercleswithmorethanonecentral。
  50。Cactusechinus(Engelm。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。260(1891)。
  MamillariaechinusEngelm。Syn。Cact。267(1856)。
  Globoseorsubconical,3。5to6。5cm。indiameter,simple:
  tuberclesterete,conical,groovedabove,10to12mm。long:
  radialspines16to30,pectinate,straightorlittlecurved,rigidandappressed(interwovenwithneighboringclusters),ashy-white(oftenduskyatapex),8to12mm。long,theuppermostlonger(12to20mm。);centralspines3or4,theupperonesturnedupwardandintermixedwiththeradials,theloweroneverystout,15mm。long,subulatefromaverythickbulbousbase,straight(rarelyslightlycurved)andporrect(deciduousinoldspecimens):flowers3to5cm。long:fruitoval,elongated,about2cm。long,green:seedselongated-obovate。brownandsmooth,about1。8mm。long。(Ill。Cact。Mex。Bound。t。10)Type,theWrightandBigelowspecimensinHerb。Mo。Bot。Gard。
  Onlimestonehills,fromthePecosRiver,southwesternTexas,andsouthernNewMexico,westwardtotheRioGrande(fromPresidiodelNortenorthward)。Fl。June。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Wrightof1849,1851,1852;Bigelowof1852;Engelmann,withnonumberordate;Evansof1891)。
  Thecharacteristicappearanceoftheplantisgivenbytheverystoutandstraightcentralspinestandingineachclusterperpendiculartotheplantbody。Therangeofthisspecies,betweenthePecosandtheupperRioGrande,suggestsanotherseparatedgroup,suchasispresentedbyC。scolymoidessulcatustotheeast,betweentheBrazosandNueces。VeryfrequentlyspecimensofC。echinusoccurinwhichsomeofthetuberclesdonotdevelopcentralspines,andthenthespinecharactersresemblethoseofC。radians。InC。radians,also,anoccasionalporrectcentralspineisfound。TheseintergradingformsIhaveonlyseeninMexicanmaterial。FordiscussionofrelationshipsseeunderC。scolymoides。
  **Flowersred。
  Centralspinesolitaryorsometimeswanting。
  51。Cactusdasyacanthus(Engelm。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。259
  (1891)。
  MamillariadasyacanthaEngelm。Syn。Cact。268(1856)。
  Subglobose,3。5to6。5cm。high,simple:tuberclesslenderandterete,spreading,lightlygroovedeventothebase,8to10mm,long:radialspines30to50,mostlyintwoseries,straightandlooselyspreading,theexteriorones(25to35)capillaryandwhite,6to18mm。long,theinteriorones(7to13)stiffer(setaceous),longeranddarkerandblack-tipped;thecentralspinestraightandporrect,12to20mm。long,oftenwanting:
  flowerssmall,red:fruitovate,small(8to10mm。long?):seedsglobose-angled,almostblack,pitted,0。8to1。2mm。long(Ill。
  Cact。Mex。Bound。t。12。figs。17-22)Type,Wright110inHerb。
  Mo。BotGard。
  FromEaglePass,Texas,westwardtoElPasoandsouthernNewMexico,andsouthwardintoChihuahua。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Wright110of1852):NewMexico(Vaseyof1881;Mearnsof1892,inBigHatchetMountains)Chihuahua(Pringle251of1885,inpart)。
  Pringle251asdistributedtoNat。Herb。isC。tuberculosus。
  52。Cactusmaculatus,sp。nov。
  Obovate-cylindrical,6by8cm。,somewhatcespitose:tuberclesovate,terete,10mm。long,groovedtothebase,withnakedaxils:radialspines10or11,straightandspreading,rigid,blackish(becomingashywithage),black-tipped,12mm。long;
  centralspinelarge,moreorlessspotted,erect,25to35mm。
  long:flower13mm。long,pinkish:fruitunknown。TypeinHerb。
  Coulter。
  SanLuisPotosi。
  Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891)。
  SomewhatresemblesC。tuberculosusingeneralappearance,butverydifferentinspinecharacters。
  53。Cactusbrunneus,sp。nov。
  Obovate-cylindrical,3by6cm。,simple:tuberclesovate,groovedtothebase,5to6mm。long,withwoollyaxils:radialspines11
  to15,spreading,ratherrigidandbrownish(lighterwithage),8
  to10mm。long;centralspinemuchlarger,20mm,long,hooked:
  flowerandfruitunknown。TypeinHerb。Coulter。
  SanLuisPotosi。
  Specimensexamined:SanLuisPotosi(Eschanzierof1891)。
  Centralspines3to12。
  54。Cactusconoideus(DC。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。260(1891)。
  MamillariaconoideaDC。Rev。Cact。112(1829)。
  MamillariastrobiliformisEngelm。Wisliz。Rep。113(1848),notScheer(1850)。
  Ovate-conical,3。5to10cm。high,4to7cm。indiameterbelow,withdenselywoollyvertex,simple:tuberclesconical,about12
  mm,long,closelyappressed-imbricate("givingtheplanttheappearanceofapineappleorcone"):radialspines10to16,ashytowhite,straightandstout,6to10mm。long,theupperlonger(10to15mm。);centralspines3to5,stouter,brownish-black,10to16mm。long,thetwoorthreesmalleroneserect-spreading,thesingleloweronemorerigid,porrectordeflexed,15to20
  mm。long:flowers2to3cmlongandwide,deeppurple:fruitunknown。(Ill。DC。Mem。Cact。t。2)Typeunknown。
  Onrocks,CoahuilaandNuevoLeontoSanLuisPotosiandsouthernMexico。
  Specimensexamined:Coahuila(Palmer378of1882;Pringle3117of1890):NuevoLeon(Wislizenusof1847):SanLuisPotosi(Poselgerof1851;Eschanzierof1891)。
  55。Cactuspotsii(Scheer)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261(1891)。
  MamillariapotsiiScheerinSalmCact。Hort。Dyck。104(1850)。
  Cylindrical,30to35cm。high,2。5to3cm。indiameter,somewhatbranching:tuberclesovate,obtuse,verylightlysulcate,withsomewhatwoollyaxils:radialspinesverynumerous(entirelycoveringthewholeplant),slenderandwhite;centralspines6to12,stouterfromabroadbase:flowerslarge,green,orreddish:fruitred。Typeunknown。
  FromtheRioGranderegion,nearLaredo,Texas,toChihuahua。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Poselgerof1851):Chihuahua(specimensfromColl。Salm-Dyck。)。
  56。Cactustuberculosus(Engelm。)Kuntze,Rev。Gen。Pl。261
  (1891)。
  MamillariastrobiliformisScheerinSalmCact。Hort。Dyck。104
  (1850),notMuhlenpf。(1848),norEngelm。(1848)。
  MamillariatuberculosaEngelm。Syn。Cact。268(1856)。
  Ovatetocylindrical,5to15cm。high,2。5to5cm。indiameter,simpleorbranchingatbase:tuberclesshort-ovatefromabroadbase,5to6mm。long,deeplygrooved,crowdedandimbricate,atlengthcoveringtheolderpartsasnakedandgraycorkyprotuberances:radialspines20to30,slenderbutstiff,white,radiantandinterwovenwithadjacentclusters,4to8mm。long(uppermostrarely10to12mm。);centralspines5to9,stouter,purplishabove,theupperoneslonger,erect,10to14mm。long(sometimeseven16to18mm。),theloweroneshorter(6to8
  mm。),stout,porrectordeflexed:flowersabout2。5cm。indiameter,palepurple:fruitoval,elongated(sometimesalmostcylindric),red,about18mm。long:seedssubglobose,brownandpitted,verysmall(0。8to1。2mm。long)。(Ill。Cact。Mex。
  Bound。t。12。figs。1-16)TypeofScheer’sstrobiliformisisunknown;butthespecimensofPrinceSalm-DyckinHerb。Mo。Bot。
  Gard。aremarked"authentic"byDr。Engelmann。TheWrightspecimensinthesameHerb,representthetypeofMtuberculosaEngelm。
  FromthemountainsofextremesouthwesternTexas(commonwestofDevil’sRiver),southwardintoChihuahuaandCoahuila。Fl。
  May-June。
  Specimensexamined:Texas(Wright18,19,20,23,24,29,30,31,32,535,of1849and1852;Bigelowof1852;Engelmann,withnonumberordate;Evansof1891):Chihuahua(Pringle250,251inpart,and258of1885):Coahuila(Palmerof1880):alsospecimensfromColl。Salm。Dyckin1857;alsogrowinginMoBot。Gard。1893
  (specimens,sentbyG。G。Briggsin1892fromElPaso,Texas。
  TheidentificationofEngelmann’stuberculosawithScheer’sstrobiliformiswasmadebyDr。EngelmannhimselfuponanexaminationofScheer’stype。Theuseofthespecificnametuberculosaisnecessitatedbythelawofhomonyms,asstrobiliformishadbeenusedtwicealreadybeforeitwastakenupbyScheer。M。strobiliformisMuhlenpf。isC。scolymoidessulcatus;andM。strobiliformisEngelm。isC。conoideus。
  57。CactusviviparusNutt。inFraser’sCat。(1813)。
  MamillariaviviparaHaw。Syn。Succ。Suppl。72(1819)。
  Lowanddepressed-globose,usuallyproliferousandcespitose(forminglargemasses),butsometimessimple:tuberclestereteandloose,lightlygrooved:radialspines12to20,stiffandwhite,oftendark-tipped,6to8mm。long;centralspinesusually4(sometimesless,oftenmore,evenasmanyas8),brownish,8to12mm。long,3spreadingupwards,theloweststouterandshorteranddeflexed:flowersabout3。5cm。long(largeforthesizeoftheplant)andevenbroaderwhenexpanded,brightpurple:stigmaspointedwithashortmucro:fruitoval,palegreen,juicy,12to18mm。long:seedsyellowish-brown,obliquelyobovateandcurvedaboutthesmallhilum,1。4to1。6mm。long)。(Ill。Cact。Mex。
  Bound。t。74。fig。3,seeds)Typeunknown。
  Onthenorthwesternplains,fromtheboundaryprovincesofBritishAmerica(westernManitoba,AssiniboiaandAlberta),andthroughouttheUpperMissouriregion,southwardthroughwesternNebraskatowesternKansasandtotheeasternfoothillsofcentralColorado。ItisalsomentionedbyHowell(Cat。ofOregon,WashingtonandIdahoplants),asoccurringbeyondtheRockyMountaindivideinIdahoandWashington,whichisprobable,butnospecimenshavebeenseen。
  Specimensexamined:Montana(Hayden,nos。1854,1855;VernonBaileyof1890,nearBridger):Colorado(Haydenof1869):
  Nebraska(Rydberg1379of1893,ThomasCo。):alsospecimenscultivatedinSt。Louisin1869;alsogrowinginMo。Bot。Gard。
  1893。