RaleighhasagreatattemptonthePlate-fleetsinhand;hehurriesofffromChatham，andwritestoyoungCecilonthe10thofMarch，’I
　　meannottocomeaway，assomesayIwill，forfearofamarriage，andIknownotwhat……ForIprotestbeforeGod，thereisnoneonthefaceoftheearththatIwouldbefastenedunto。’
　　Thisfamouspassageisoneofthoseoverwhichthevirtuosityofmoderntimes，rejoicinginevil，hashungsofondly，asgivingmelancholyproofofthe’duplicityofRaleigh’scharacter’;asifamanwhoonceinhislifehadtoldanuntruthwasprovedbythatfacttobearoguefrombirthtodeath：whileothershavekindlygivenhimthebenefitofadoubtwhethertheletterwerenotwrittenafteraprivatemarriage，andthereforeRaleigh，being’joinedunto’someonealready，hadarighttosaythathedidnotwishtobejoinedtoanyone。ButIdonotconcurinthisdoubt。Fourmonthsafter，SirEdwardStaffordwritestoAnthonyBacon，’IfyouhaveanythingtodowithSirW。R。，oranylovetomaketoMistressThrogmorton，attheTowerto-morrowyoumayspeakwiththem。’Thisimpliesthatnomarriagehadyettakenplace。Andsurely，iftherehadbeenprivatemarriage，twopeoplewhowereabouttobesenttotheTowerfortheirfollywouldhavemadethemarriagepublicatonce，astheonlypossibleself-justification。Butitisapity，inmyopinion，thatbiographers，beforepronouncinguponthatsupposedlieofRaleigh’s，hadnottakenthetroubletofindoutwhatthewordsmean。Intheirvirtuoushastetoprovehimaliar，theyhaveoverlookedthefactthatthewords，astheystand，areunintelligible，andtheargumentself-contradictory。Hewantstoprove，wesuppose，thathedoesnotgotoseaforfearofbeingforcedtomarryMissThrogmorton。Itis，atleast，anunexpectedmethodofsodoinginashrewdmanlikeRaleigh，tosaythathewishestomarrynooneatall。’Don’tthinkthatIrunawayforfearofamarriage，forIdonotwishtomarryanyoneonthefaceoftheearth，’isaspeechwhichmayproveRaleightohavebeenafool，andwemustunderstanditbeforewecansaythatitproveshimarogue。Ifwehadreceivedsuchaletterfromafriend，weshouldhavesaidatonce，’Whytheman，inhishurryandconfusion，hasomittedTHEword;hemusthavemeanttowrite，not"ThereisnoneonthefaceoftheearththatIwouldbefastenedto，"but"ThereisnoneonthefaceoftheearththatI
　　wouldRATHERbefastenedto，"’whichwouldatoncemakesenseandsuitfact。ForRaleighnotonlymarriedMissThrogmortonforthwith，butmadeherthebestofhusbands。Myconjecturalemendationmaygoforwhatitisworth：butthatthepassage，asitstandsinMurdin’sStatePapers（theMSS。Ihavenotseen）iseithermisquoted，ormis-
　　writtenbyRaleighhimself，Icannotdoubt。Hewasnotonetothinknonsense，evenifhescribbledit。
　　TheSpanishraidturnsoutwell。RaleighoverlooksElizabeth’slettersofrecalltillhefindsoutthattheKingofSpainhasstoppedthePlate-fleetforfearofhiscoming;andthenreturns，sendingonSirJohnBurroughtotheAzores，wherehetakesthe’GreatCarack，’thelargestprize（1600tons）whichhadeverbeenbroughtintoEngland。ThedetailsofthatgallantfightstandinthepagesofHakluyt。ItraisedRaleighoncemoretowealth，thoughnottofavour。Shortlyafterhereturnsfromthesea，hefindshimself，wherehedeservestobe，intheTower，wherehedoesmorethanonethingwhichbroughthimnocredit。HowfarwearejustifiedincallinghisquarrelwithSirGeorgeCarew，hiskeeper，fornotlettinghim’disguisehimself，andgetintoapairofoarstoeasehismindbutwithasightoftheQueen，orhisheartwouldbreak，’
　　hypocrisy，isaverydifferentmatter。HonestArthurGorges，astaunchfriendofRaleigh’s，tellsthestorylaughinglyandlovingly，asifhethoughtRaleighsincere，butsomewhatmad：andyethonestGorgeshasagoodrighttosayabitterthing;forafterhavingbeen’readytobreakwithlaughingatseeingthemtwobrawlandscramblelikemadmen，andSirGeorge’snewperiwigtornoffhiscrown，’hesees’theironwalking’anddaggersout，andplayingthepartofhimwhotakethadogbytheears，’purchasedsucharapontheknuckles，thatIwishedboththeirpatesbroken，andsowithmuchadotheystaidtheirbrawltoseemybloodyfingers，’andthensettoworktoabusethehaplesspeacemaker。AfterwhichthingsRaleighwritesalettertoCecil，whichisstillmoreoffensiveintheeyesofvirtuousbiographers——how’hisheartwasneverbrokentillthisday，whenhehearstheQueengoessofaroff，whomhefollowedwithloveanddesireonsomanyjourneys，andamnowleftbehindinadarkprisonallalone。’……’IthatwaswonttobeholdherridinglikeAlexander，huntinglikeDiana，walkinglikeVenus，thegentlewindblowingherfairhairaboutherpurecheeks，’andsoforth，inastyleinwhichthevulturinenosemustneedsscentcarrion，justbecausetherosesaremorefragrantthantheyshouldbeinaworldwherealloughttobeeithervulturesorcarrionfortheirdinners。
　　Asforhisdespair，hadhenotgoodreasontobeindespair？Byhisownsinhehashurledhimselfdownthehillwhichhehassopainfullyclimbed。HeisintheTower——surelynopleasantorhopefulplaceforanyman。Elizabethisexceedinglywrothwithhim;andwhatisworse，hedeserveswhathehasgot。Hiswholefortuneisventuredinanexpeditionoverwhichhehasnocontrol，whichhasbeenunsuccessfulinitsfirstobject，andwhichmaybealtogetherunsuccessfulinthatwhichithasundertakenasapis-aller，andsoleavehimpenniless。
　　Therewantnot，too，thosewhowilltrampleonthefallen。ThedeputyhasbeencruellydistrainingonhisIrishtenantsfora’supposeddebtofhistotheQueenof400poundsforrent，’whichwasindeedbutfiftymarks，andwhichwaspaid，andhascarriedoff500
　　milchkinefromthepoorsettlerswhomhehasplantedthere，andforciblythrusthimoutofpossessionofacastle。Moreover，thewholeIrishestatesarelikelytocometoruin;fornothingprevailsbutrascalityamongtheEnglishsoldiers，impotenceamongthegovernors，andrebellionamongthenatives。ThreethousandBurkesareupinarms;his’prophecyofthisrebellion’tendaysagowaslaughedat，andnowhascometrue;andaltogether，WalterRaleighandallbelongingtohimisinasevilcaseasheeverwasonearth。Nowonder，poorfellow，ifhebehowlshimselflustily，andnotalwayswisely，toCecil，andeveryoneelsewhowilllistentohim。
　　AsforhisfinespeechesaboutElizabeth，whyforgetthestanding-
　　pointfromwhichsuchspeechesweremade？Overandabovehispresentruin，itwas（andoughttohavebeen）anutterlyhorribleandunbearablethingtoRaleigh，oranyman，tohavefallenintodisgracewithElizabethbyhisownfault。Hefeels（andperhapsrightly）thatheisasitwereexcommunicatedfromEngland，andthemissionandthegloryofEngland。Insteadofbeing，ashewastillnow，oneofabodyofbravemenworkingtogetherinonegreatcommoncause，hehascuthimselfofffromthecongregationbyhisownselfishlust，andthereheisleftalonewithhisshame。WemusttrytorealisetoourselvesthewayinwhichsuchmenasRaleighlookednotonlyatElizabeth，butatalltheworld。Therewas，inplainpalpablefact，somethingabouttheQueen，herhistory，herpolicy，thetimes，thegloriouspartwhichEngland，andsheastheincarnationofthethenEnglishspirit，wereplayinguponearth，whichraisedimaginativeandheroicalsoulsintoapermanentexaltation——a’fairyland，’astheycalleditthemselves，whichseemstousfantastic，andwouldbefantasticinus，becausewearenotattheirwork，orintheirdays。
　　Therecanbenodoubtthatanumberofasnoblemenaseverstoodtogetherontheearthdidworshipthatwoman，fightforher，toilforher，riskallforher，withapurechivalrousaffectionwhichhasfurnishedoneofthemostbeautifulpagesinallthebookofhistory。
　　Blotstheremustneedshavebeen，andinconsistencies，selfishnesses，follies;fortheytooweremenoflikepassionswithourselves;butletuslookatthefairvisionasawhole，andthankGodthatsuchathinghasforonceexistedevenimperfectlyonthissinfulearth，insteadofplayingthepartofHamandfallingunderhiscurse，——thepenaltyofslavishness，cowardice，lossofnobledaring，whichsurelyfallsonanygenerationwhichis’banausos，’touseAristotle’sword;
　　whichrejoicesinitsforefathers’shame，and，unabletobelieveinthenoblenessofothers，isunabletobecomenobleitself。
　　Asforthe’AlexanderandDiana’affectations，theywerethelanguageofthetime：andcertainlythisgenerationhasnoreasontofindfaultwiththem，orwithagooddealmoreofthe’affectations’and’flattery’ofElizabethantimes，whileitlistenscomplacentlynightafternight’tohonourablemembers’complimentingnotQueenElizabeth，butSirJabeshWindbag，Fiddle，Faddle，Red-tape，andpartywithprotestationsofdeepestrespectandfullestconfidenceintheveryspeechesinwhichtheybringaccusationsofeveryoffenceshortofhightreason——tobeunderstood，ofcourse，ina’parliamentarysense，’asMr。Pickwick’swereina’Pickwickian’one。
　　IfagenerationofKnoxesandMortons，BurleighsandRaleighs，shalleverariseagain，onewondersbywhatnametheywillcalltheparliamentarymoralityandparliamentarycourtesyofagenerationwhichhasmetedoutsuchmeasuretotheirancestors’failings？
　　’ButQueenElizabethwasanoldwomanthen。’Ithanktheobjectorevenforthat’then’;foritismuchnowadaystofindanyonewhobelievesthatQueenElizabethwaseveryoung，orwhodoesnottalkofherasifshewasbornaboutseventyyearsofagecoveredwithrougeandwrinkles。Iwillundertaketosaythatastothebeautyofthiswomanthereisagreatermassoftestimony，andfromtheverybestjudgestoo，thanthereisofthebeautyofanypersonageinhistory;
　　andyetithasbecomethefashionnowtodenyeventhat。Theplainfactsseemthatshewasverygraceful，active，accomplishedinalloutwardmanners，ofaperfectfigure，andofthatstyleofintellectualbeauty，dependingonexpression，whichattracted（andwetrustalwayswillattract）BritonsfarmorethanthatmerelysensuouslovelinessinwhichnodoubtMaryStuartfarsurpassedher。Andthereseemslittledoubtthat，likemanyEnglishwomen，sheretainedherbeautytoaverylateperiodinlife，nottomentionthatshewas，in1592，justatthatageofrejuvenescencewhichmakesmanyawomanmorelovelyatsixtythanshehasbeensinceshewasthirty-
　　five。Nodoubt，too，sheusedeveryartificialmeanstopreserveherfamouscomplexion;andquiterightshewas。Thisbeautyofhershadbeenatalent，asallbeautyis，committedtoherbyGod;ithadbeenanimportantelementinhergreatsuccess;menhadaccepteditaswhatbeautyofformandexpressiongenerallyis，anoutwardandvisiblesignoftheinwardandspiritualgrace;andwhiletheinwardwasunchanged，whatwonderifshetriedtopreservetheoutward？Ifshewasthesame，whyshouldshenottrytolookthesame？Andwhatblametothosewhoworshippedher，if，knowingthatshewasthesame，theytooshouldfancythatshelookedthesame，theElizabethoftheiryouth，andshouldtalkasifthefairflesh，aswellasthefairspirit，wasimmortal？Doesnoteverylovinghusbanddosowhenheforgetsthegrayhairandthesunkencheek，andallthewastesoftime，andseesthepartnerofmanyjoysandsorrowsnotasshehasbecome，butasshewas，ay，andistohim，andwillbetohim，hetrusts，throughalleternity？ThereisnofeelingintheseElizabethanworshipperswhichwehavenotseen，potentialandcrude，againandagaininthebestandnoblestofyoungmenwhomwehavemet，tillitwascrushedinthembytheluxury，effeminacy，andunbeliefinchivalry，whicharethesureaccompanimentofalongpeace，whichwarmayburnupwithbeneficentfire。
　　Butwemusthastenonnow;forRaleighisoutofprisoninSeptember，andbythenextspringinparliamentspeakingwiselyandwell，especiallyonhisfixedidea，warwithSpain，whichheisrewardedforforthwithinFatherParson’s’AndreaePhilopatrisResponsio’byachargeoffoundingaschoolofAtheismforthecorruptionofyounggentlemen;achargewhichLordChief-JusticePopham，Protestantasheis，willfinditusefulonedaytorecollect。
　　Elizabeth，however，nowthatRaleighhasmarriedthefairThrogmortonanddonewiselyinothermatters，restoreshimtofavour。Ifhehassinned，hehassuffered：butheisasusefulasever，nowthathissenseshavereturnedtohim;andheismakinggoodspeechesinparliament，insteadofbadonestoweakmaidens;sowefindhimoncemoreinfavour，andpossessorofSherborneManor，wherehebuildsandbeautifies，with’grovesandgardensofmuchvarietyandgreatdelight。’AndGod，too，seemstohaveforgivenhim;perhapshasforgiven;fortherethefairThrogmortonbringshimanobleboy。Utsisvitalismetuopuer！
　　RaleighwillquoteDavid’sexampleoneday，notwiselyorwell。DoesDavid’sexampleevercrosshimnow，andthosesadwords，——’TheLordhathputawaythysin，……neverthelessthechildthatisbornuntotheeshalldie？’
　　Letthatbeasitmay，allissunshineoncemore。SherborneManor，arichshareinthegreatcarack，abeautifulwife，achild;whatmoredoesthismanwanttomakehimhappy？Whyshouldhenotsettledownuponhislees，likeninety-nineoutofthehundred，oratleasttryapeacefulandeasypathtowardmore’praiseandpudding？’Theworldanswers，orhisbiographersanswerforhim，thatheneedstoreinstatehimselfinhismistress’saffection;whichistrueornot，accordingaswetakeit。Iftheymeanthereby，asmostseemtomean，thatitwasamereselfishandambitiousschemebywhichtowriggleintocourtfavouroncemore——why，letthemmeanit：IshallonlyobservethatthemethodwhichRaleightookwasarathermoredangerousandself-sacrificingonethancourtiersarewonttotake。
　　ButifitbemeantthatWalterRaleighspokesomewhatthuswithhimself，——’Ihavedoneabaseanddirtydeed，andhavebeenpunishedforit。Ihavehurtthegoodnameofasweetwomanwholovesme，andwhomIfindtobeatreasure;andGod，insteadofpunishingmebytakingherfromme，hasrenderedmegoodforevilbygivinghertome。IhavejustlyoffendedamistresswhomIworship，andwho，afterhavingshownherjustindignation，hasreturnedmegoodforevilbygivingmethesefairlandsofSherborne，andonlyforbidmeherpresencetillthescandalhaspassedaway。Sheseesandrewardsmygoodinspiteofmyevil;andI，too，knowthatIambetterthanI
　　haveseemed;thatIamfitfornoblerdeedsthanseducingmaidsofhonour。HowcanIprovethat？HowcanIredeemmylostnameforpatriotismandpublicdaring？HowcanIwingloryformywife，seekthatmenshallforgetherpastshameinthethought，"SheisWalterRaleigh’swife？"HowcanIshowmymistressthatIlovedherallalong，thatIacknowledgeherbounty，hermingledjusticeandmercy？
　　HowcanIrendertoGodforallthebenefitswhichHehasdoneuntome？HowcanIdoadeedthelikeofwhichwasneverdoneinEngland？’
　　IfallthishadpassedthroughWalterRaleigh’smind，whatcouldwesayofit，butthatitwasthenaturalandrationalfeelingofanhonourableandright-heartedman，burningtorisetothelevelwhichheknewoughttobehis，becauseheknewthathehadfallenbelowit？
　　Andwhatrightbetterwayoftestifyingthesefeelingsthantodowhat，asweshallsee，Raleighdid？Whatrighthavewetoimputetohimlowermotivesthanthese，whileweconfessthattheserighteousandnoblemotiveswouldhavebeennaturalandrational;——indeed，justwhatweflatterourselvesthatweshouldhavefeltinhisplace？Ofcourse，inhisgrandscheme，thethoughtcamein，’AndIshallwintomyselfhonour，andglory，andwealth，’——ofcourse。Andpray，sir，doesitnotcomeininyourgrandschemes;andyours;andyours？Ifyoumadeafortuneto-morrowbysomewiselyandbenevolentlymanagedfactory，wouldyouforbidallspeechofthesaidwisdomandbenevolence，becauseyouhadintendedthatwisdomandbenevolenceshouldpayyouagoodpercentage？Awaywithcant，andlethimthatiswithoutsinamongyoucastthefirststone。
　　SoRaleighhitsuponanobleproject;adesperateone，true：buthewilldoitordie。HewillleavepleasantSherborne，andthebosomofthebeautifulbride，andthefirst-bornson，andallwhichtomostmakeslifeworthhaving，andwhichRaleighenjoysmoreintenselythanmostmen;forheisapoet，andamanofstrongnervouspassionswithal。But，-
　　’Icouldnotlovethee，dear，somuch，LovedInothonourmore。’
　　Andhewillgoforthtoendureheat，hunger，fever，dangerofdeathinbattle，dangeroftheInquisition，rack，andstake，insearchofElDorado。Whatsostrangeinthat？Ihaveknownhalfadozenmenwho，inhiscase，andconsciousofhispowers，wouldhavedonethesamefromthesamenoblemotive。
　　Hebeginsprudently;andsendsaDevonshireman，CaptainWhiddon——
　　probablyoneofTheWhiddonsofbeautifulChagford——tospyouttheOrinoco。HefindsthattheSpaniardsaretherealready;thatBerreo，whohasattemptedElDoradofromthewestward，startingfromNewGranadaandgoingdowntherivers，istryingtosettleontheOrinocomouth;thatheishangingthepoornatives，encouragingtheCaribstohuntthemandsellthemforslaves，imprisoningthecaciquestoextorttheirgold，torturing，ravishing，kidnapping，andconductinghimselfaswasusualamongSpaniardsofthosedays。
　　Raleigh’sspiritisstirredwithinhim。If’UncleTom’sCabin，’
　　fictionasitis，onceexcitedus，howmustafarworserealityhaveexcitedRaleigh，asherememberedthattheseSpaniardsareasyettriumphantininiquity，andasheremembered，too，thatthesesamemenaretheswornfoesofEngland，herliberty，herBible，andherQueen？Whatadeed，tobebeforehandwiththemforonce！Todispossessthemofonecornerofthatwesternworld，wheretheyhaveleftnotracebutbloodandflame！Hewillgohimself：hewillfindElDoradoanditsgoldenEmperor;andinsteadofconquering，plundering，andmurderinghim，asCortezdidMontezuma，andPizarroAtahuallpa，hewillshowhimEnglishstrength;espousehisquarrelagainsttheSpaniards;makehimgladtobecomeQueenElizabeth’svassaltributary，perhapsleavehimabodyguardofEnglishveterans，perhapscolonisehiscountry，andsoatonceavengeandprotecttheoppressedIndians，andfilltheQueen’streasurywiththerichesofalandequal，ifnotsuperior，toPeruandMexico。
　　Suchishisdream;vagueperhaps：butfarlessvaguethanthosewithwhichCortezandPizarrostarted，andsucceeded。Afteracarefulsurveyofthewholematter，Imustgiveitasmydeliberateopinion，thatRaleighwasmorereasonableinhisattempt，andhadmorefairevidenceofitsfeasibility，thaneitherCortezorPizarrohadfortheirs。Itisaboldassertion。Ifanyreaderdoubtsitstruth，hecannotdobetterthantoreadthewholeofthedocumentsconnectedwiththetwosuccessful，andtheoneunsuccessful，attemptsatfindingagoldenkingdom。LetthemreadfirstPrescott’s’ConquestsofMexicoandPeru，’andthenSchomburgk’seditionofRaleigh’s’Guiana。’Theywillatleastconfess，whentheyhavefinished，thattruthisstrangerthanfiction。
　　OfRaleigh’scredulityinbelievinginElDorado，muchhasbeensaid。
　　IamsorrytofindevensowiseamanasSirRobertSchomburgk，afterbearinggoodtestimonytoRaleigh’swonderfulaccuracyaboutallmatterswhichhehadanopportunityofobserving，usingthistermofcredulity。ImustdaretodifferonthatpointevenwithSirRobert，andaskbywhatrightthewordisused？First，RaleighsaysnothingaboutElDorado（aseveryoneisforcedtoconfess）butwhatSpaniardonSpaniardhadbeensayingforfiftyyears。ThereforetheblameofcredulityoughttorestwiththeSpaniards，fromPhilipvonHuten，Orellano，andGeorgeofSpires，upwardtoBerreo。Butitrestsreallywithnoone。Fornothing，ifwewillexaminethedocuments，istoldoftherichesofElDoradowhichhadnotbeenfoundtobetrue，andseenbytheeyesofmenstillliving，inPeruandMexico。
　　Notone-fifthofAmericahadbeenexplored，andalreadytwoElDoradoshadbeenfoundandconquered。Whatmorerationalthantosupposethattherewasathird，afourth，afifth，intheremainingfour-fifths？ThereportsofElDoradoamongthesavageswerejustofthesamekindasthosebywhichCortezandPizarrohuntedoutMexicoandPeru，savingthattheywerefarmorewidelyspread，andconfirmedbyasuccessionofadventurers。IentreatreaderstoexaminethismatterinRaleigh，Schomburgk，Humboldt，andCondamine，andjudgeforthemselves。AsforHume’saccusations，Ipassthembyasequallysillyandshameless，onlysaying，forthebenefitofreaders，thattheyhavebeenrefutedcompletelybyeveryonewhohaswrittensinceHume’sdays;andtothosewhoareinclinedtolaughatRaleighforbelievinginAmazonsand’menwhoseheadsdogrowbeneaththeirshoulders’Icanonlyanswerthus-
　　AbouttheAmazons，Raleightoldwhathewastold;whattheSpaniardswhowentbeforehim，andCondaminewhocameafterhim，weretold。
　　Humboldtthinksthestorypossiblyfoundedonfact;andImustsaythat，afterreviewingallthathasbeensaidthereon，itdoesseemtomethesimplestsolutionofthematterjusttobelieveittrue;tobelievethattherewas，abouthistime，oralittlebefore，somewhereabouttheUpperOrinoco，awarlikecommunityofwomen。Humboldtshowshowlikelysuchwouldbetospringupwherewomenfleefromtheirmaletyrantsintotheforests。AsforthefablewhichconnectedthemwiththeLakeManoaandthecityofElDorado，wecanonlyanswer，’Ifnottruethereandthen，itistrueelsewherenow’;
　　fortheAmazonianguardsoftheKingofDahomeyatthismoment，asallknow，surpassinstrangenessandinferocityallthathasbeenreportedoftheOrinocquanviragos，andthusproveoncemorethattruthisstrangerthanfiction。{3}
　　Beside——andhereIstandstubborn，regardlessofgibesandsneers——itisnotyetproventhattherewasnot，inthesixteenthcentury，somerichandcivilisedkingdomlikePeruorMexicointheinteriorofSouthAmerica。SirRobertSchomburgkhasdisprovedtheexistenceofLakeParima;butitwilltakealongtime，andmoreexplorersthanone，toprovethattherearenoruinsofancientcities，suchasStephensstumbledoninYucatan，stillburiedinthedepthsoftheforest。Fiftyyearsofruinwouldsufficetowraptheminaleafyveilwhichwouldhidethemfromeveryonewhodidnotliterallyrunagainstthem。Tribeswoulddieout，orchangeplace，astheAturesandothergreatnationshavedoneinthoseparts，andeverytraditionalrecordofthemperishgradually;foritisonlygraduallyandlatelythatithasperished：whileifitbeasked，Whathasbecomeofthepeoplethemselves？theansweris，thatwhenanyrace（likemostoftheAmericanracesinthesixteenthcentury）isinadyingstate，ithardlyneedswartothinitdown，andreducetheremnanttosavagery。GreaternationsthanElDoradowasevensupposedtobehavevanishederenow，andleftnotatracebehind：
　　andsomaythey。Butenoughofthis。Ileavethequarreltothathonestandpatientwarderoftourneys，OldTime，whowillsurelydorightatlast，andgoontothedogheadedworthies，withoutnecks，andlonghairhangingdownbehind，who，asacaciquetoldRaleigh，that’theyhadoflateyearsslainmanyhundredsofhisfather’speople，’andinwhomevenHumboldtwasnotalwaysallowed，hesays，todisbelieve（somuchforHume’sscoffatRaleighasaliar），oneoldcaciqueboastingtohimthathehadseenthemwithhisowneyes。
　　Humboldt’sexplanationis，thattheCaribs，beingthecleverestandstrongestIndians，arealsothemostimaginative;andtherefore，beingfallenchildrenofAdam，thegreatestliars;andthattheyinventedbothElDoradoandthedog-headsoutofpurewickedness。Beitso。Butallliescrystalliseroundsomenucleusoftruth;anditreallyseemstomenothingverywonderfulifthestoryshouldbeonthewholetrue，andtheseworthieswereinthehabitofdressingthemselvesup，likefoolishsavagesastheywere，intheskinsoftheAguaradog，withwhatnotofstuffing，andtails，andsoforth，inordertoastonishtheweakmindsoftheCaribs，justastheRedIndiansdressupintheirfeastsasbears，wolves，anddeer，withfoxtails，falsebustlesofbisonskin，andsoforth。Thereareplentyoftracesofsuchfoolishattemptsatplaying’bogy’inthehistoryofsavages，evenofourownTeutonicforefathers;andthisI
　　suspecttobethesimpleexplanationofthewholemare’snest。AsforRaleighbeingafoolforbelievingit;thereasonshegivesforbelievingitareveryrational;thereasonsHumegivesforcallinghimafoolrestmerelyonthestory’sbeingstrange：onwhichgroundsonemightdisbelievemostmattersinheavenandearth，fromone’sownexistencetowhatoneseesineverydropofwaterunderthemicroscope，yea，tothegrowthofeveryseed。Theonlysoundproofthatdog-headedmenareimpossibleistobefoundincomparativeanatomy，ascienceofwhichHumeknewnomorethanRaleigh，andwhichforonemarvelithasdestroyedhasrevealedahundred。IdonotdoubtthatifRaleighhadseenanddescribedakangaroo，especiallyitsallbutmiraculousprocessofgestation，Humewouldhavecalledthataliealso;butIwillwastenomoretimeinprovingthatnomanissocredulousastheunbeliever——themanwhohassuchmightyandworld-embracingfaithinhimselfthathemakeshisownlittlebrainthemeasureoftheuniverse。Letthedeadburytheirdead。
　　RaleighsailsforGuiana。Thedetailsofhisvoyageshouldbereadatlength。Everywheretheyshowtheeyeofapoetaswellasofamanofscience。Heseesenoughtoexcitehishopesmorewildlythanever;hegoeshundredsofmilesuptheOrinocoinanopenboat，sufferingeverymisery，butkeepinguptheheartsofhismen，whocryout，’Letusgoon，wecarenothowfar。’Hemakesfriendshipwiththecaciques，andentersintoalliancewiththemonbehalfofQueenElizabethagainsttheSpaniards。UnabletopassthefallsoftheCaroli，andtherainyseasondrawingon，hereturns，belovedandhonouredbyalltheIndians，boastingthat，duringthewholetimehewasthere，nowomanwastheworseforanymanofhiscrew。
　　Altogether，weknowfewepisodesofhistorysonoble，righteous，andmercifulasthisGuianavoyage。ButhehasnotforgottentheSpaniards。AtTrinidadhepayedhisshipswiththeasphaltofthefamousPitch-lake，andstood——andwithwhatawesuchamanmusthavestood——beneaththenobleforestofMorichefan-palmsonitsbrink。
　　Hethenattacked，not，byhisownconfession，withoutsomethingtooliketreachery，thenewtownofSanJose，takesBerreoprisoner，anddeliversfromcaptivityfivecaciques，whomBerreokeptboundinonechain，’bastingtheirbodieswithburningbacon’——anoldtrickoftheConquistadores——tomakethemdiscovertheirgold。Hetellsthemthathewas’theservantofaQueenwhowasthegreatestcaciqueofthenorth，andavirgin;whohadmorecaciquiunderherthanthereweretreesonthatisland;thatshewasanenemyoftheCastellani（Spaniards）inbehalfoftheirtyrannyandoppression，andthatshedeliveredallsuchnationsaboutheraswerebythemoppressed，andhavingfreedallthecoastofthenorthernworldfromtheirservitude，hadsentmetofreethemalso，andwithaltodefendthecountryofGuianafromtheirinvasionandconquest。’Afterwhichperfectlytrueandrationalspeech，hesubjoins（aswethinkequallyhonestlyandrationally），’IshowedthemherMajesty’spicture，whichtheysoadmiredandhonoured，asithadbeeneasytohavebroughtthemidolatersthereof。’
　　ThisisoneofthestockchargesagainstRaleigh，atwhichallbiographers（exceptquiet，sensibleOldys，who，dullasheis，isfarmorefairandrationalthanmostofhissuccessors）breakintovirtuousshrieksof’flattery，’’meanness，’’adulation，’
　　’courtiership，’andsoforth。OnebiographerisofopinionthattheIndianswouldhaveadmiredfarmorethepictureofa’redmonkey。’
　　SirRobertSchomburgk，unfortunatelyfortheredmonkeytheory，thoughhequiteagreesthatRaleigh’sflatterywasveryshocking，saysthatfromwhatheknows——andnomanknowsmore——ofIndiantaste，theywouldhavefarpreferredtotheportraitwhichRaleighshowedthem——notaredmonkey，but——suchapictureasthatatHamptonCourt，inwhichElizabethisrepresentedinafantasticcourtdress。
　　Raleigh，itseems，mustbemadeoutarogueatallrisks，thoughbythemostoppositecharges。Themonkeytheoryisanswered，however，bySirRobert;andSirRobertisanswered，Ithink，bytheplainfactthat，ofcourse，Raleigh’sportraitwasexactlysuchaoneasSirRobertsaystheywouldhaveadmired;apictureprobablyinatawdryframe，representingQueenBess，justasqueenswerealwayspaintedthen，bedizenedwith’browches，pearls，andowches，’satinandruff，andprobablywithcrownonheadandsceptreinhand，madeup，aslikelyasnot，expresslyforthepurposeforwhichitwasused。Inthenameofallsimplicityandhonesty，Iask，whyisRaleightobeaccusedofsayingthattheIndiansadmiredQueenElizabeth’sbeautywhenheneverevenhintsatit？Andwhydoallcommentatorsdeliberatelyforgettheprecedingparagraph——Raleigh’sproclamationtotheIndians，andthecircumstancesunderwhichitwasspoken？TheIndiansarebeingmurdered，ravished，soldforslaves，bastedwithburningfat;andgrandwhitemencomelikeavengingangels，andinonedaysweeptheirtyrantsoutoftheland，restorethemtolibertyandlife，andsaytothem，’AgreatQueenfaracrosstheseashassentustodothis。Thousandsofmilesawayshehasheardofyourmiseryandtakenpityonyou;andifyouwillbefaithfultohershewillloveyou，anddealjustlywithyou，andprotectyouagainsttheseSpaniardswhoaredevouringyouastheyhavedevouredalltheIndiansroundyou;andforatokenofit——asignthatwetellyoutruth，andthatthereisreallysuchagreatQueen，whoistheIndian’sfriend——hereisthepictureofher。’Whatwonderifthepooridolatrouscreatureshadfallendownandworshippedthepicture——
　　justasmillionsdothatoftheVirginMarywithoutathousandthpartassoundandpracticalreason——asthatofadivine，all-knowing，all-mercifuldeliverer？Asforitsbeingthepictureofabeautifulwomanornot，theywouldneverthinkofthat。Thefaircomplexionandgoldenhairwouldbeasigntothemthatshebelongedtothemightywhitepeople，eveniftherewerenobedizenmentofjewelsandcrownsoverandabove;andthatwouldbeenoughforthem。Whenwillbiographerslearntodocommonjusticetotheirfellow-menbyexertingnowandthensomesmallamountofdramaticimagination，justsufficienttoputthemselvesforamomentintheplaceofthoseofwhomtheywrite？
　　Soendshisvoyage，inwhich，hesays，’frommyselfIhavedeservednothanks，forIamreturnedabeggarandwithered。’Theonlythingwhich，asfarasIcanfind，hebroughthomewassomeofthedeliciousscalypeachesoftheMorichepalm——theArboldeVida，ortreeoflife，whichgivessustenanceandallelseneedfultowholetribesofIndians。’ButImighthavebetteredmypoorestateifI
　　hadnotonlyrespectedherMajesty’sfuturehonourandriches。ItbecamenottheformerfortuneinwhichIoncelivedtogojourneysofpiccory’（pillage）;’andithadsortedillwiththeofficesofhonourwhich，byherMajesty’sgrace，IholdthisdayinEngland，torunfromcapetocapeandplacetoplaceforthepillageofordinaryprizes。’
　　Sospeaksonewhomithasbeenthefashiontoconsideraslittlebetterthanapirate，andthat，too，indayswhenthenoblestbloodinEnglandthoughtnoshame（asindeeditwasnoshame）toenrichthemselveswithSpanishgold。Butsoitisthroughoutthisman’slife。Iftherebeanoblerwordthanusualtobespoken，oramorewisewordeither，iftherebeamorechivalrousdeedtobedone，oramoreprudentdeedeither，thatwordandthatdeedareprettysuretobeWalterRaleigh’s。
　　Buttheblatantbeasthasbeenbusyathome;and，inspiteofChapman’sheroicalverses，hemeetswithlittlebutcoldlooks。
　　Nevermind。Iftheworldwillnothelptodothedeed，hewilldoitbyhimself;andnotimemustbelost，fortheSpaniardsontheirpartwilllosenone。So，aftersixmonths，thefaithfulKeymissailsagain，againhelpedbytheLordHighAdmiralandSirRobertCecil。
　　ItisahardraceforoneprivatemanagainstthewholepowerandwealthofSpain;andtheSpaniardhasbeenbeforehandwiththem，andre-occupiedthecountry。TheyhavefortifiedthemselvesatthemouthoftheCaroli，soitisimpossibletogettothegoldmines;theyareenslavingthewretchedIndians，carryingofftheirwomen，intendingtotransplantsometribesandtoexpelothers，andarmingcannibaltribesagainsttheinhabitants。Allismiseryandrapine;thescatteredremnantcomesaskingpiteouslywhyRaleighdoesnotcomeovertodeliverthem？HavetheSpaniardsslainhim，too？Keymiscomfortsthemashebestcan;hearsofmoregoldmines;andgetsbacksafe，alittletohisownastonishment;foreight-and-twentyshipsofwarhavebeensenttoTrinidadtoguardtheentrancetoElDorado，notsurely，asKeymiswellsays，’tokeepusonlyfromtobacco。’A
　　colonyof500personsisexpectedfromSpain。TheSpaniardiswellawareoftherichnessoftheprize，saysKeymis，whoallthroughshowshimselfaworthypupilofhismaster。Acareful，observantmanheseemstohavebeen，trainedbythatgreatexampletooverlooknofact，eventhesmallest。Hebringshomelistsofrivers，towns，caciques，poison-herbs，words，whatnot;hehasfreshnewsofgold，spleen-stones，kidney-stones，andsomefreshspecimens;butbethatasitmay，he，’withoutgoingasfarashiseyescanwarrant，canpromiseBrazil-wood，honey，cotton，balsamum，anddrugs，todefraycharges。’HewouldfaincopyRaleigh’sstyle，too，and’whencehislamphadoil，borrowlightalso，’’seasoninghisunsavouryspeech’
　　withsomeofthe’leavenofRaleigh’sdiscourse。’Which，indeed，hedoeseventolittlepedantriesandattemptsatclassicality;andafterprofessingthathimselfandtheremnantofhisfewyearshehathbequeathedwhollytoRaleana，andhisthoughtsliveonlyinthataction，herisesintosomethinglikegrandeurwhenhebeginstospeakofthatever-fertilesubject，theSpanishcrueltiestotheIndians;
　　’Dothnotthecryofthepoorsuccourlessascenduntotheheavens？
　　HathGodforgottentobegracioustotheworkofhisownhands。Orshallnothisjudgmentsinadayofvisitationbytheministryofhischosenservantcomeuponthesebloodthirstybutchers，likerainintoafleeceofwool？’PoorKeymis！Tousheisbynomeanstheleastbeautifulfigureinthisromance;afaithful，diligent，lovingman，unable，astheeventproved，todogreatdeedsbyhimself，butinspiredwithagreatideabycontactwithamightierspirit，towhomheclingsthroughevilreport，andpoverty，andprison，carelessofselftothelast，andendstragically，’faithfuluntodeath’inthemostawfulsense。
　　Buthereremarktwothings：first，thatCecilbelievesinRaleigh’sGuianascheme;next，thattheoccupationofOrinocobytheSpaniards，whichRaleighisaccusedofhavingconcealedfromJamesin1617，hasbeeneversince1595matterofthemostpublicnotoriety。
　　Raleighhasnotbeenidleinthemeanwhile。Ithasbeenfoundnecessaryafteralltotakethecounselwhichhegaveinvainin1588，toburntheSpanishfleetinharbour;andtheheroesaregonedowntoCadizfight，andinonedayofthunderstormtheSevastopolofSpain。Here，asusual，wefindRaleigh，thoughinaninferiorcommand，leadingthewholebyvirtueofsuperiorwisdom。WhenthegoodLordAdmiralwillneedsbecautious，andlandthesoldiersfirst，itisRaleighwhopersuadeshimtoforcehiswayintotheharbour，tothejoyofallcaptains。WhenhotheadedEssex，castinghishatintotheseaforjoy，shouts’Intramos，’andwillinatonce，Raleigh’stimeforcautioncomes，andhepersuadesthemtowaittillthenextmorning，andarrangetheorderofattack。That，too，Raleighhastodo，andmoreovertoleadit;andleadithedoes。
　　Underthefortsareseventeengalleys;thechannelis’scoured’withcannon：butonholdsRaleigh’s’Warspite，’faraheadoftherest，throughthethickestofthefire，answeringfortsandgalleys’withablurofthetrumpettoeachpiece，disdainingtoshootatthoseesteemeddreadfulmonsters。’Forthereisanoblerenemyahead。
　　Rightinfrontliethegalleons;andamongthemthe’Philip’andthe’Andrew，’twoofthosewhoboardedthe’Revenge。’Thisdaythereshallbeareckoningforthebloodofhisoldfriend;heis’resolvedtoberevengedforthe"Revenge，"’SirRichardGrenvile’sfatalship，orsecondherwithhisownlife’;andwellhekeepshisvow。Threehourspassofdesperatevalour，duringwhich，sonarrowisthepassage，onlysevenEnglishships，thrustingpasteachother，allbutquarrellingintheirnoblerivalry，engagethewholeSpanishfleetoffifty-sevensail，anddestroyitutterly。The’Philip’and’Thomas’
　　burnthemselvesdespairing。TheEnglishboatssavethe’Andrew’and’Matthew。’Onepassesoverthehideousrecord。’Ifanyman，’saysRaleigh，’hadadesiretoseehellitself，itwastheremostlivelyfigured。’Keymis’sprayerisansweredinpart，evenwhilehewritesit;andthecryoftheIndianshasnotascendedinvainbeforethethroneofGod！
　　Thesoldiersarelanded;thecitystormedandsacked，notwithoutmerciesandcourtesies，though，towomenandunarmedfolk，whichwintheheartsofthevanquished，andlivetillthisdayinwell-knownballads。TheFlemingsbegina’mercilessslaughter。’RaleighandtheLordAdmiralbeatthemoff。Raleighiscarriedonshorewithasplinterwoundintheleg，whichlameshimforlife：butreturnsonboardinanhourinagony;forthereisnoadmirallefttoorderthefleet，andallarerunheadlongtothesack。Invainheattemptstogettogethersailorsthefollowingmorning，andattacktheIndianfleetinPortoRealRoads;withintwenty-fourhoursitisburntbytheSpaniardsthemselves;andallRaleighwinsisnobooty，alameleg，andthehonourofhavingbeentherealauthorofavictoryevenmoregloriousthanthatof1588。
　　Sohereturns;havingwrittentoCecilthehighestpraisesofEssex，whomhetreatswithallcourtesyandfairness;whichthosewhowillmaycallcunning：wehaveasgoodarighttosaythathewasreturninggoodforevil。TherewerenoblequalitiesinEssex。Alltheworldgavehimcreditforthem，andfarmorethanhedeserved;
　　whyshouldnotRaleighhavebeenjusttohim;evenhaveconceived，liketherestoftheworld，highhopesofhim，tillhehimselfdestroyedthesehopes？Fornowstormsarerisingfast。OntheirreturnCecilisinpower。HehasbeenmadeSecretaryofStateinsteadofBodley，Essex’spet，andthespoiltchildbeginstosulk。
　　Onwhichmatter，Iamsorrytosay，historianstalkmuchunwisdom，aboutEssex’sbeingtoo’openandgenerous，etc。，foracourtier，’
　　and’presumingonhismistress’spassionforhim’;andrepresentingElizabethasdesiringtobethoughtbeautiful，and’affectingatsixtythesighs，loves，tears，andtastesofagirlofsixteen，’andsoforth。Itisreallytimetogetridofsomeofthisfulsometalk，culledfromsuchtriflersasOsborne，ifnotfromthedarkerandfoulersourcesofParsonsandtheJesuitslanderers，whichImeetwithaflatdenial。Thereissimplynoproof。SheinlovewithEssexorCecil？Yes，asamotherwithason。Weretheynotthechildrenofherdearestandmostfaithfulservants，menwhohadlivedheroiclivesforhersake？Whatwonderifshefanciedthatshesawthefathersinthesons？Theyhadbeentrainedunderhereye。Whatwonderifshefanciedthattheycouldworkastheirfathersworkedbeforethem？Andwhatshameifherchildlessheartyearnedoverthemwithunspeakableaffection，andlongedinheroldagetolayherhandsupontheshouldersofthosetwoyoungmen，andsaytoEngland，’BeholdthechildrenwhichGod，andnottheflesh，hasgivenme！’
　　Moststrangeitis，too，thatwomen，whooughtatleasttoknowawoman’sheart，havebeenespeciallyforwardinpublishingthesescandals，andsullyingtheirpagesbyretailingpruriencesagainstsuchaoneasQueenElizabeth。
　　Buttoreturn。RaleighattacheshimselftoCecil;andhehasgoodreason。CecilisthecleverestmaninEngland，savinghimself。Hehastrustedandhelpedhim，too，intwoGuianavoyages;sotheconnectionisoneofgratitudeaswellasprudence。WeknownotwhetherhehelpedhiminthethirdGuianavoyageinthesameyear，underCaptainBerry，anorthDevonman，fromGrenvile’scountry;whofounda’mightyfolk，’whowere’somethingpleasant，havingdrunkmuchthatday，’andcarriedbowswithgoldenhandles：butfailedinfindingtheLakeParima，andsocamehome。
　　Raleigh’sfirstuseofhisfriendshipwithCecilistoreconcilehim，totheastonishmentoftheworld，withEssex，alleginghowmuchgoodmaygrowbyit;fornow’theQueen’scontinualunquietnesswillgrowtocontentment。’That，too，thosewhowillmaycallpolicy。Wehaveasgoodarighttocallittheactofawiseandfaithfulsubject，andtosay，’Blessedarethepeacemakers，fortheyshallbecalledthechildrenofGod。’HehashisrewardforitinfullrestorationtotheQueen’sfavour;hedeservesit。Heproveshimselfoncemoreworthyofpower，anditisgiventohim。Thenthereistobeasecondgreatexpedition：butthistimeitsaimistheAzores。
　　Philip，onlymaddenedbythelossatCadiz，ispreparingathirdarmamentfortheinvasionofEnglandandIreland，anditissaidtolieattheislandstoprotecttheIndianfleet。Raleighhasthevictuallingoftheland-forces，and，likeeverythingelsehetakesinhand，’itisverywelldone。’LordHowarddeclinesthechiefcommand，anditisgiventoEssex。Raleighistoberear-admiral。
　　BythetimetheyreachtheAzores，EssexhasgotupafoolishquarrelagainstRaleighfordisrespectinhavingstayedbehindtobringupsomestragglers。ButwhennoArmadaistobefoundattheAzores，EssexhasafteralltoaskRaleighwhatheshalldonext。ConquertheAzores，saysRaleigh，andthethingisagreedon。RaleighandEssexaretoattackFayal。EssexsailsawaybeforeRaleighhaswatered。Raleighfollowsasfastashecan，andatFayalfindsnoEssex。Hemustwaterthere，thenandatonce。Hisownveteranswanthimtoattackforthwith，fortheSpaniardsarefortifyingfast：buthewillwaitforEssex。StillnoEssexcomes。Raleighattemptstowater，isdefied，findshimself’inforit，’andtakestheislandoutofhandinthemostmasterlyfashion，totheinfuriationofEssex。
　　GoodLordHowardpatchesupthematter，andthehot-headedcoxcombisoncemorepacified。TheygoontoGraciosa，whereEssex’sweaknessofwillagaincomesout，andhedoesnottaketheisland。ThreerichCaracks，however，arepickedup。’Thoughweshallbelittlethebetterforthem，’saysRaleighprivatelytoSirArthurGorges，hisfaithfulcaptain，’yetIamheartilygladforourGeneral’ssake;
　　becausetheywillingreatmeasuregivecontenttoherMajesty，sothattheremaybenorepiningagainstthispoorLordfortheexpenseofthevoyage。’
　　RaleighbeginstoseethatEssexisonlytobepitied;thatthevoyageisnotoverlikelytoendwell：buthetakesit，inspiteofill-usage，asakind-heartedmanshould。AgainEssexmakesafoolofhimself。TheyaretosteeronewayinordertointerceptthePlate-
　　fleet。Essexhavingagreedtothecoursepointedout，altershiscourseonafancy;thenaltersitasecondtime，thoughthehaplessMonson，withthewholePlate-fleetinsight，ishangingoutlights，firingguns，andshriekingvainlyfortheGeneral，whoisgoneonanewcourse，inwhichhemighthavecaughtthefleetafterall，inspiteofhistwomistakes，butthathechoosestogoaroundaboutwayinsteadofashortone;andawaygoesthewholefleet，saveoneCarack，whichrunsitselfonshoreandburns，andthegameisplayedoutandlost。
　　AllwantEssextogohome，astheseasonisgettinglate：butthewilfulandweakmanwilllingerstill，andwhileheishoveringtothesouth，Philip’sarmamenthassailedfromtheGroyne，ontheundefendedshoresofEngland，andonlyGod’shandsavesusfromtheeffectsofEssex’sfolly。AthirdtimetheArmadasofSpainareoverwhelmedbytheavengingtempests，andEssexreturnstodisgrace，havingprovedhimselfatonceintemperateandincapable。Evenincominghomethereisconfusion，andEssexisallbutlostontheBishopandClerks，byScilly，inspiteofthewarningsofRaleigh’ssailing-master，’OldBroadbent，’whoissoexasperatedatthegeneralstupiditythathewantsRaleightoleaveEssexandhissquadrontogetoutoftheirownscrapeastheycan。
　　EssexgoesofftosulkatWanstead;butVereexcuseshim，andinafewdayshecomesback，andwillneedsfightgoodLordHowardforbeingmadeEarlofNottinghamforhisservicesagainsttheArmadaandatCadiz。Baulkedofthis，hebeginslayingtheblameofthefailureattheAzoresonRaleigh。Letthespoiltnaughtyboytakecare;eventhat’admirabletemper’forwhichRaleighisfamedmaybewornoutatlast。
　　TheseyearsareRaleigh’snoon——stormyenoughatbest，yetbrilliant。
　　Thereisapompabouthim，outwardandinward，whichisterribletoothers，dangeroustohimself。OnehasgorgeousglimpsesofthatgrandDurhamHouseofhis，withitscarvingsanditsantiquemarbles，armorialescutcheons，’bedswithgreensilkhangingsandlegslikedolphins，overlaidwithgold’：andthemanhimself，tall，beautiful，andgraceful，perfectalikeinbodyandinmind，walkingtoandfro，hisbeautifulwifeuponhisarm，hisnobleboybesidehisknee，inhis’whitesatindoublet，embroideredwithpearls，andagreatchainofpearlsabouthisneck，’lordingitamongthelordswithan’awfulnessandascendencyaboveothermortals，’forwhichmensaythat’hisnaeveis，thatheisdamnableproud’;andnowonder。Thereducedsquire’syoungersonhasgoneforthtoconquertheworld;andhefancies，poorfool，thathehasconqueredit，justasitreallyhasconqueredhim;andhewillstandnowonhisbloodandhispedigree（nobadoneeither），andallthemorestifflybecausepuppieslikeLordOxford，whoinsteadofmakingtheirfortuneshavesquanderedthem，callhim’jackandupstart，’andmakeimpertinentfaceswhiletheQueenisplayingthevirginals，about’howwhenjacksgoup，headsgodown。’Proud？Nowonderifthemanbeproud！’IsnotthisgreatBabylon，whichIhavebuilt？’AndyetallthewhilehehasthemostaffectingconsciousnessthatallthisisnotGod’swill，butthewilloftheflesh;thatthehouseoffameisnotthehouseofGod;thatitsfloorisnottherockofages，buttheseaofglassmingledwithfire，whichmaycrackbeneathhimanymoment，andletthenetherflameburstup。Heknowsthatheislivinginasplendidlie;thatheisnotwhatGodmeanthimtobe。Helongstofleeawayandbeatpeace。Itistothisperiod，nottohisdeath-
　　hour，that’TheLie’belongs;{4}saddestofpoems，withitsmelodiouscontemptandlife-weariness。Allisalie——court，church，statesmen，courtiers，witandscience，townandcountry，allareshams;thedaysareevil;thecankerisattherootofallthings;
　　theoldheroesaredyingonebyone;theElizabethanageisrottingdown，asallhumanthingsdo，andnothingisleftbuttobewailwithSpenser’TheRuinsofTime’;thegloryandvirtuewhichhavebeen——
　　thegreatergloryandvirtuewhichmightbeevennow，ifmenwouldbutariseandrepent，andworkrighteousness，astheirfathersdidbeforethem。Butno。Eventosuchaworldasthishewillcling，andflauntitaboutascaptainoftheguardintheQueen’sprogressesandmasquesandpageants，withsword-beltstuddedwithdiamondsandrubies，orattournaments，inarmourofsolidsilver，andagallanttrainwithorange-tawnyfeathers，provokingEssextobringinafarlargertraininthesamecolours，andswallowupRaleigh’spompinhisown，soachievingthatfamous’feathertriumph’bywhichhegainslittlebutbadbloodandagoodjest。ForEssexisnobettertilterthanheisgeneral;andhaving’runveryill’inhisorange-tawny，comesnextdayingreen，andrunsstillworse，andyetisseentobethesamecavalier;whereonaspectatorshrewdlyobservesthathechangedhiscolours’thatitmaybereportedthattherewasoneingreenwhoranworsethanheinorange-tawny。’Butenoughofthesetoys，whileGod’shandwritingisuponthewallaboveallheads。
　　Raleighknowsthatthehandwritingisthere。ThespiritwhichdrovehimforthtoVirginiaandGuianaisfallenasleep：buthelongsforSherborneandquietcountrylife，andescapesthitherduringEssex’simprisonment，takingCecil’ssonwithhim，andwritesasonlyhecanwriteabouttheshepherd’speacefuljoys，contrastedwith’courts’
　　and’masques’and’proudtowers’-
　　’HerearenofalseentrappingbaitsToohastyfortoohastyfates，UnlessitbeThefondcredulityOfsillyfish，thatworldingwhostilllookUponthebait，butneveronthehook;
　　Norenvy，unlessamongThebirds，forprizeoftheirsweetsong。
　　’Go！letthedivingnegroseekForpearlshidinsomeforlorncreek，Weallpearlsscorn，SavewhatthedewymornCongealsuponsomelittlespireofgrass，WhichcarelessshepherdsbeatdownastheypassAndgoldne’erhereappearsSavewhattheyellowCeresbears。’
　　TragicenougharetheafterscenesofRaleigh’slife：butmosttragicofallarethesescenesofvain-glory，inwhichheseesthebetterpart，andyetchoosestheworse，andpoursouthisself-
　　discontentinsongwhichprovesthefountofdelicacyandbeautywhichliespureandbrightbeneaththegaudyartificialcrust。Whatmightnotthismanhavebeen！Andheknowsthattoo。ThestatelyroomsofDurhamHousepallonhim，andhedelightstohideupinhislittlestudyamonghisbooksandhischemicalexperiments，andsmokehissilverpipe，andlookoutontheclearThamesandthegreenSurreyhills，anddreamaboutGuianaandtheTropics;ortositinthesocietyofantiquarieswithSeldenandCotton，CamdenandStow;
　　orinhisownMermaidClub，withBenJonson，Fletcher，Beaumont，andatlastwithShakspeare’sselftohearandutter’WordsthathavebeenSonimble，andsofullofsubtleflame，AsifthateveryonefromwhomtheycameHadmeanttoputhiswholewitinajest。’
　　Anythingtoforgetthehandwritingonthewall，whichwillnotbeforgotten。Buthewilldoallthegoodwhichhecanmeanwhile，nevertheless。HewillserveGodandMammon。Socompleteamanwillsurelybeabletodoboth。Unfortunatelythethingisimpossible，ashediscoverstoolate：buthecertainlygoesasnearsuccessintheattemptasevermandid。Everywherewefindhimdoingjustlyandlovingmercy。Whereverthismanstepsheleaveshisfootprintineffaceablyindeedsofbenevolence。Foroneyearonly，itseems，heisgovernorofJersey;yettothisday，itissaid，theislandershonourhisname，onlysecondtothatofDukeRollo，astheirgreatbenefactor，thefounderoftheirNewfoundlandtrade。Inthewestcountryheis’asaking，’’withearsandmouthalwaysopentohearanddelivertheirgrievances，feetandhandsreadytogoandworktheirredress。’Thetin-merchantshavebecomeusurers’offiftyinthehundred。’Raleighworkstillhehasputdowntheir’abominableandcut-throatdealing。’Thereisaburdensomewest-countrytaxoncuringfish;Raleighworkstillitisrevoked。InParliamentheisbusywithliberalmeasures，alwaysbeforehisgeneration。Heputsdownafoolishactforcompulsorysowingofhempinaspeechonthefreedomoflabourworthyofthenineteenthcentury。Hearguesagainstraisingthesubsidyfromthethree-poundmen——’Callyouthis，Mr。FrancisBacon，parjugum，whenapoormanpaysasmuchasarich？’Heisequallyrationalandspiritedagainsttheexportationofordnancetotheenemy;andwhenthequestionofabolishingmonopoliesismootedhehashiswiseword。Hetooisamonopolistoftin，asLordWardenoftheStannaries。Buthehassowroughtastobringgoodoutofevil;for’beforethegrantingofhispatent，letthepriceoftinbeneversohigh，thepoorworkmanneverhadbuttwoshillingsaweek’;yetnow，sohasheextendedandorganisedthetin-