首页 >出版文学> Shavings>第4章

第4章

  Notabreath’stimeforasking;aneye-glancerevealsallthetaleuntold。[61]
  TheyfollowmadHamishafarupthecragtowardthesea,Andtheladycries:"Clansmen,runforafee!——
  YoncastleandlandstothetwofirsthandsthatshallhookhimandholdFastHamishbackfromthebrink!"——andevershefliesupthesteep,Andtheclansmenpant,andtheysweat,andtheyjostleandstrain。
  But,mother,’tisvain;but,father,’tisvain;
  SternHamishstandsboldonthebrink,anddanglesthechildo’erthedeep。
  Nowafaintnessfallsonthementhatrun,andtheyallstandstill。
  AndthewifepraysHamishasifhewereGod,onherknees,Crying:"Hamish!OHamish!butplease,butplease[71]
  Fortosparehim!"andHamishstilldanglesthechild,withawaveringwill。
  Onasuddenheturns;withasea-hawkscream,andagibe,andasong,Cries:"So;Iwillspareyethechildif,insightofyeall,TenblowsonMaclean’sbarebackshallfall,Andyereckonnostrokeifthebloodfollownotatthebiteofthethong!"
  ThenMacleanhesethardlyhistoothtohislipthathistoothwasred,Breathedshortforaspace,said:"Nay,butitnevershallbe!
  Letmehurloffthedamnablehoundinthesea!"
  Butthewife:"CanHamishgofishusthechildfromthesea,ifdead?
  "Sayyea!——LetthemlashME,Hamish?"——"Nay!"——
  "Husband,thelashingwillheal;[81]
  But,oh,whowillhealmethebonnysweetbairninhisgrave?
  Couldyecurememyheartwiththedeathofaknave?
  Quick!Love!Iwillbarethee——so——kneel!"ThenMaclean’ganslowlytokneelWithneveraword,tillpresentlydownwardhejerkedtotheearth。
  Thenthehenchman——hethatsmoteHamish——wouldtrembleandlag;
  "Strike,hard!"quothHamish,fullstern,fromthecrag;
  Thenhestruckhim,and"One!"sangHamish,anddancedwiththechildinhismirth。
  AndnomanspakebesideHamish;hecountedeachstrokewithasong。
  Whenthelaststrokefell,thenhemovedhimapacedowntheheight,Andheheldforththechildintheheartachingsight[91]
  Ofthemother,andlookedallpitifulgrave,asrepentingawrong。
  Andthereasthemotherlyarmsstretchedoutwiththethanksgivingprayer——
  Andthereasthemothercreptupwithafearfulswiftpace,Tillherfingernighfeltofthebairnie’sface——
  InaflashfierceHamishturnedroundandliftedthechildintheair,Andsprangwiththechildinhisarmsfromthehorribleheightinthesea,Shrillscreeching,"Revenge!"inthewind-rush;andpallidMaclean,Age-feeblewithangerandimpotentpain,Crawleduponthecrag,andlayflat,andlockedholdofdeadrootsofatree——
  Andgazedhungrilyo’er,andthebloodfromhisbackdrip-drippedinthebrine,[101]
  Andasea-hawkflungdownaskeletonfishasheflew,Andthemotherstaredwhiteonthewasteofblue,Andthewinddroveacloudtoseaward,andthesunbegantoshine。
  ____
  Baltimore,1878。
  Notes:TheRevengeofHamishForanappreciationofthisfinepoemsee`Introduction’,pp。xlv,xlvii[PartIV],Mr。J。R。Tait,afriendwithwhomMr。Lanierdiscussed`TheRevengeofHamish’,kindlywritesmethattheauthortooktheplotfromWilliamBlack’snovel,`MacleodofDare’。
  Inchapteriii。Macleod,ofCastleDare,Mull,tellsthestorytohisLondonentertainer;but,asthestoryofthenovelisidenticalwiththatofthepoem,itneednotbegivenhere。
  Thenovel,Ishouldadd,givesthenameofthechieftainonly,though,asithasaHamishinanotherconnection,itdoubtlessgaveLanierthisnameforthehenchman。PrevioustothereceptionofMr。Tait’sletterIsupposedthatLanierhadborrowedhisplotfromapoembyCharlesMackay,`Maclaine’sChild,ALegendofLochbuy,Mull’,whichinplotisidenticalwithLanier’spoem,exceptthattheformerbeginswiththespeechofthefloggedhenchman,herenamedEvan,andendsbytellingusthatthebodieswerefoundandthatofEvanwashangedonagallows-tree。Thepoemistoolongforquotation,butmaybefoundinanyeditionofMackayorinGarrett’s`OneHundredChoiceSelections:
  NumberNine’(Phila。,1887)。
  17。TheMacleans,forcenturiesoneofthemostpowerfulofScottishclans,havesincethefourteenthcenturylivedinMull,oneofthelargestoftheHebridesIslands。ThetwoleadingbranchesoftheclanweretheMacleansofDowartandtheMacleansofLochbuy,bothtakingtheirnamesfromtheseatsoftheircastles。TheLochbuyfamilynowspellsitsnameMacLAINE。ForadetailedhistoryoftheclanseeKeltie’s`HistoryoftheScottishHighlands,HighlandClans’,etc。
  (London,1885)。InterestingbooksaboutMullandtheHebridesare:
  Johnson’s`AJourneytotheHebrides’andRobertBuchanan’s`TheHebridIsles’
  (London,1883)。Instructive,too,isCummin’s`AroundMull’
  (`TheAtlanticMonthly’,16。11-19,167-176,July,August,1865)。
  TheMarshesofGlynnGloomsofthelive-oaks,beautiful-braidedandwoven[1]
  Withintricateshadesofthevinesthatmyriad-clovenClambertheforksofthemultiformboughs,——
  Emeraldtwilights,——
  Virginalshylights,Wroughtoftheleavestoalluretothewhisperofvows,WhenloverspacetimidlydownthroughthegreencolonnadesOfthedimsweetwoods,ofthedeardarkwoods,Oftheheavenlywoodsandglades,Thatruntotheradiantmarginalsand-beachwithinThewidesea-marshesofGlynn;——[11]
  Beautifulglooms,softdusksinthenoon-dayfire,——
  Wildwoodprivacies,closetsoflonedesire,Chamberfromchamberpartedwithwaveringarrasofleaves,——
  Cellsforthepassionatepleasureofprayertothesoulthatgrieves,Purewithasenseofthepassingofsaintsthroughthewood,Coolforthedutifulweighingofillwithgood;——
  Obraideddusksoftheoakandwovenshadesofthevine,Whiletheriotousnoon-daysunoftheJune-daylongdidshineYeheldmefastinyourheartandIheldyoufastinmine;
  Butnowwhenthenoonisnomore,andriotisrest,[21]
  Andthesunisa-waitattheponderousgateoftheWest,Andtheslantyellowbeamdownthewood-aisledothseemLikealaneintoheaventhatleadsfromadream,——
  Ay,now,whenmysoulalldayhathdrunkenthesouloftheoak,Andmyheartisateasefrommen,andthewearisomesoundofthestrokeOfthescytheoftimeandthetroweloftradeislow,Andbeliefovermastersdoubt,andIknowthatIknow,Andmyspiritisgrowntoalordlygreatcompasswithin,ThatthelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshesofGlynnWillworkmenofearlikethefeartheyhavewroughtmeofyore[31]
  Whenlengthwasfatigue,andwhenbreadthwasbutbitternesssore,AndwhenterrorandshrinkinganddrearyunnamablepainDrewovermeoutofthemercilessmilesoftheplain,——
  Oh,now,unafraid,IamfaintofaceThevastsweetvisageofspace。
  TotheedgeofthewoodIamdrawn,Iamdrawn,Wherethegraybeachglimmeringruns,asabeltofthedawn,ForameteandamarkTotheforest-dark:——
  So:[41]
  Affablelive-oak,leaninglow,——
  Thus——withyourfavor——soft,withareverenthand,(Notlightlytouchingyourperson,Lordoftheland!)
  Bendingyourbeautyaside,withastepIstandOnthefirm-packedsand,FreeByaworldofmarshthatbordersaworldofsea。
  SinuoussouthwardandsinuousnorthwardtheshimmeringbandOfthesand-beachfastensthefringeofthemarshtothefoldsoftheland。
  Inwardandoutwardtonorthwardandsouthwardthebeach-lineslingerandcurl[51]
  Asasilver-wroughtgarmentthatclingstoandfollowsthefirmsweetlimbsofagirl。
  Vanishing,swerving,evermorecurvingagainintosight,Softlythesand-beachwaversawaytoadimgrayloopingoflight。
  Andwhatifbehindmetowestwardthewallofthewoodsstandshigh?
  Theworldlieseast:howample,themarshandtheseaandthesky!
  Aleagueandaleagueofmarsh-grass,waist-high,broadintheblade,Green,andallofaheight,andunfleckedwithalightorashade,Stretchleisurelyoff,inapleasantplain,Totheterminalblueofthemain。
  Oh,whatisabroadinthemarshandtheterminalsea?[61]
  SomehowmysoulseemssuddenlyfreeFromtheweighingoffateandthesaddiscussionofsin,BythelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshesofGlynn。
  Yemarshes,howcandidandsimpleandnothing-withholdingandfreeYepublishyourselvestotheskyandofferyourselvestothesea!
  Tolerantplains,thatsuffertheseaandtherainsandthesun,YespreadandspanlikethecatholicmanwhohathmightilywonGodoutofknowledgeandgoodoutofinfinitepainAndsightoutofblindnessandpurityoutofastain。
  Asthemarsh-hensecretlybuildsonthewaterysod,[71]
  BeholdIwillbuildmeanestonthegreatnessofGod:
  IwillflyinthegreatnessofGodasthemarsh-henfliesInthefreedomthatfillsallthespace’twixtthemarshandtheskies:
  Bysomanyrootsasthemarsh-grasssendsinthesodIwillheartilylaymea-holdonthegreatnessofGod:
  Oh,liketothegreatnessofGodisthegreatnesswithinTherangeofthemarshes,theliberalmarshesofGlynn。
  Andthesealendslarge,asthemarsh:lo,outofhisplentytheseaPoursfast:fullsoonthetimeoftheflood-tidemustbe:
  Lookhowthegraceoftheseadothgo[81]
  AboutandaboutthroughtheintricatechannelsthatflowHereandthere,Everywhere,Tillhiswatershavefloodedtheuttermostcreeksandthelow-lyinglanes,Andthemarshismeshedwithamillionveins,ThatlikeaswithrosyandsilveryessencesflowIntherose-and-silvereveningglow。
  Farewell,mylordSun!
  Thecreeksoverflow:athousandrivuletsrun’Twixttherootsofthesod;thebladesofthemarsh-grassstir;[91]
  Passethahurryingsoundofwingsthatwestwardwhirr;
  Passeth,andallisstill;andthecurrentsceasetorun;
  Andtheseaandthemarshareone。
  Howstilltheplainsofthewatersbe!
  Thetideisinhisecstasy。
  Thetideisathishighestheight:
  Anditisnight。
  AndnowfromtheVastoftheLordwillthewatersofsleepRollinonthesoulsofmen,Butwhowillrevealtoourwakingken[101]
  TheformsthatswimandtheshapesthatcreepUnderthewatersofsleep?
  AndIwouldIcouldknowwhatswimmethbelowwhenthetidecomesinOnthelengthandthebreadthofthemarvellousmarshesofGlynn。
  ____
  Baltimore,1878。
  Notes:TheMarshesofGlynnAlthoughDr。Callawaynotedinhisprefacetheimportanceofthispoem,hedidnotincludeitforlackofspace。Thiswouldseemtoindicatethatwhenhepublishedthese"SelectedPoems"in1895,"TheMarshesofGlynn"hadnotyetachieveditslaterprominenceasthegreatestofSidneyLanier’spoems——asnowseemstobetheopinion。
  ThesettingofthepoemisthesaltmarshessurroundingthecoastalcityofBrunswick,Georgia,whichisinGlynnCounty——anareawelldeservingofthefameLanierhasgivenit——anditwasintendedasoneinstallmentinaseriesof"HymnsoftheMarshes",ofwhichfourpoemswerecompleted。
  Thetextistakenfromthe1916editionof"PoemsofSidneyLanier"。
  WilliamHayesWardwroteofthispoem:"HownaturallyhislargefaithinGodfindsexpressioninhis`MarshesofGlynn’。"
  EdwinMims,inhisbiographyofSidneyLanier,concludesbyquotingthispoem。
  Hewrites:
  "Hisbestpoemsmovetothecadenceofatune……Sometimes,asinthe`MarshesofGlynn’andinthebestpartsof`Sunrise’,thereisacosmicrhythmthatislikeuntotherhythmicbeatingoftheheartofGod,ofwhichPoeandLanierhavewritteneloquently。"
  Andlatercontinues:
  "Indeed,ifonehadtorelyupononepoemtokeepalivethefameofLanier,hecouldsingleout`TheMarshesofGlynn’withassurancethatthereissomethingsoindividualandoriginalaboutit,andthat,atthesametime,thereissucharollandrangeofverseinit,thatitwillsurelylivenotonlyinAmericanpoetrybutinEnglish。
  Heretheimaginationhastakentheplaceoffancy,theefforttodogreatthingsendsinvictory,andthemelodyofthepoemcorrespondstotheexaltedthought。Ithasallthestrongpointsof`Sunrise’,withbutfewofitslimitations。ThereissomethingofWhitman’svirileimaginationandEmerson’shighspiritualitycombinedwiththehauntingmelodyofPoe’sbestwork。Writtenin1878,whenLanierwasinthefullexerciseofallhispowers,itisthebestexpressionofhisgeniusandoneofthefewgreatAmericanpoems。
  "Thebackgroundofthepoem——asof`Sunrise’——istheforest,thecoastandthemarshesnearBrunswick,Georgia。EarlyinlifeLanierhadbeenthrilledbythiswonderfulnaturalscenery,andlatervisitshadthemorepowerfullyimpressedhisimagination。
  HeisthepoetofthemarshesassurelyasBryantisoftheforests,orWordsworthofthemountains。
  "Thepoetrepresentshimselfashavingspentthedayintheforestandcomingatsunsetintofullviewofthelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshes。Thegloomsofthelive-oaksandtheemeraldtwilightsofthe`dimsweetwoods,ofthedeardarkwoods,’
  havebeenasarefugefromtheriotousnoon-daysun。Morethanthat,inthewildwoodprivaciesandclosetsoflonedesirehehasknownthepassionatepleasureofprayerandthejoyofelevatedthought。
  Hisspiritisgrowntoalordlygreatcompasswithin,——heisreadyforwhatWordsworthcallsa`god-likehour’。"
  Mr。CallawayalsotreatsthepoeminPartIIIofthe`Introduction’。
  RemonstranceOpinion,letmealone:Iamnotthine。[1]
  PrimCreed,withcategoricpoint,forbearTofeaturememyLordbyruleandline。
  ThoucanstnotmeasureMistressNature’shair,Notonesweetinch:nay,ifthysightissharp,Would’stcountthestringsuponanangel’sharp?
  Forbear,forbear。
  OhletmelovemyLordmorefathomdeepThanthereislinetosoundwith:letmeloveMyfellownotasmenthatmandateskeep:
  Yea,allthat’slovable,below,above,[11]
  Thatletmelovebyheart,byheart,because(Freefromthepenalpressureofthelaws)
  Ifinditfair。
  ThetearsIweepbydayandbitternight,Opinion!forthysolesaltvintagefall。
  ——AsmornbymornIrisewithfreshdelight,Timethroughmycasementcheerilydothcall,"Natureisnew,’tisbirthdayeveryday,Comefeastwithme,letnomansaymenay,Whate’erbefall。"[21]
  SofareIforthtofeast:IsitbesideSomebrotherbright:but,eregood-morrow’spassed,BurlyOpinionwedginginhathcried,"Thoushaltnotsitbyus,tobreakthyfast,SavetoourRubricthousubscribeandswear——
  `Religionhathblueeyesandyellowhair’:
  She’sSaxon,all。"
  Then,harda-hungeredformybrother’sgraceTillwell-nighfaintoswearhisfolly’strue,InsaddissentIturnmylongingface[31]
  Tohimthatsitsontheleft:"Brother,——withyou?"
  ——"Nay,notwithme,savethousubscribeandswear`Religionhathblackeyesandravenhair’:
  Noughtelseistrue。"
  DebarredofbanquetsthatmyheartcouldmakeWitheverymanoneverydayoflife,Ihomewardturn,myfiresofpaintoslakeIndeependearmentsofaworshipedwife。
  "Ilovetheewell,dearLove,"quothshe,"andyetWouldthatthycreedwithminecompletelymet,[41]
  Asone,nottwo。"
  Assassin!Thief!Opinion,’tisthywork。
  ByChurch,bythrone,byhearth,byeverygoodThat’sintheTownofTime,Iseetheelurk,Ande’ersomeshadowstayswherethouhaststood。
  Thouhand’stsweetSocrateshishemlocksour;
  Thousav’stBarabbasinthathideoushour,Andstabb’stthegoodDelivererChrist;thourack’stthesoulsofmen;
  Thoutossestgirlstolionsandboystoflames;[51]
  Thouhew’stCrusaderdownbySaracen;
  Thoubuildestclosetsfullofsecretshames;
  Indifferentcruel,thoudostblowtheblazeRoundRidleyorServetus;allthydaysSmellscorched;Iwould——Thoubase-bornAccidentoftimeandplace——
  BigotPretenderuntoJudgment’sthrone——
  Bastard,thatclaimestwithacunningfaceThoserightsthetrue,trueSonofMandothownByLove’sauthority——thouRebelcold[61]
  Atheadofcivilwarsandquarrelsold——
  ThouKnifeonathrone——
  Iwouldthouleft’stmefree,tolivewithlove,Andfaith,thatthroughtheloveoflovedothfindMyLord’sdearpresenceinthestarsabove,Theclodsbelow,thefleshwithout,themindWithin,thebread,thetear,thesmile。
  Opinion,damnedIntriguer,graywithguile,Letmealone。
  ____
  Baltimore,1878-9。
  Notes:RemonstranceThisisthefirstandthegreatestofthe`Street-cries’:
  seetheintroductorynoteto`LifeandSong’。
  Foraninterpretationofthepoemsee`Introduction’,pp。xxix[PartIII],xlv,xlvii[PartIV]。
  26,33。Amusingillustrationsofsuchintolerancemaybefoundin`Jack-knifeandBrambles’(Nashville,1893),byBishopAtticusG。Haygood,oftheMethodistChurch,South。Onebrother,wearetold(p。278),objectedtohearingBishopHaygoodin1859becauseofhiswearingabeard;
  whileanother(p。281),alonginthethirties,votedagainstlicensingBishopGeorgeF。Piercebecausehishairwas"combedbackfromhisforehead"!
  46。ForanaccountofSocrates,theGreekphilosopher,poisonedin399B。C。,seeXenophon’s`Memorabilia’andPlato’sdialogues。
  47。SeeSt。Matthew27:20。
  54。FortheburningofNicholasRidley,anEnglishBishop,onOctober16,1555,seeGreen’s`ShorterHistoryofEngland’。
  MichaelServetus,aSpanishscientificandtheologicalwriter,wasburnedasahereticatGeneva,October27,1553。
  OppositionOffret,ofdark,ofthorn,ofchill,[1]
  Complainnomore;forthese,Oheart,DirecttherandomofthewillAsrhymesdirecttherageofart。
  Thelute’sfixtfret,thatrunsathwartThestrainandpurposeofthestring,ForgovernanceandniceconsortDothbarhiswillfulwavering。
  Thedarkhathmanydearavails;
  Thedarkdistilsdivinestdews;
  Thedarkisrichwithnightingales,[11]
  Withdreams,andwiththeheavenlyMuse。
  Bleedingwiththornsofpettystrife,I’llease(asloversdo)mysmartWithsonnetstomyladyLifeWritredinissuesfromtheheart。
  WhatgracemayliewithinthechillOffavorfrozenfastinscorn!
  WhenGood’sa-freeze,wecallitIll!
  ThisrosyTimeisglacier-born。
  Offret,ofdark,ofthorn,ofchill,[21]
  Complainthounot,Oheart;fortheseBank-inthecurrentofthewillTouses,arts,andcharities。
  ____
  Baltimore,1879-80。
  Notes:OppositionAsanintroductiontothispoemIquoteasentencefromDr。Gates’sexcellentessay:"Aswelookatthecircumstancesofhislife,letuscarrywithusthestrainsofthispoem,whichinterpretstheuseofcrosses,interferences,andattemptedthwartingsofone’spurpose;
  fortheethicalvalueofLanier’slifeandwritingscanbefullyunderstoodonlybyrememberinghowmuchheovercameandhowheroicallyhepersistedinmanlyworkinhischosenartthroughyearsofsuchbrokenhealthaswouldhavedrivenmostmentotheinert,self-indulgentlifeofaninvalid。
  Thesuperbpowerofwillwhichhedisplayedisalessonasvaluableasthenoblepoemswhichitillustratesandenforces。"
  MarshSong——AtSunsetOverthemonstrousshamblingsea,[1]
  OvertheCalibansea,BrightAriel-cloud,thoulingerest:
  Ohwait,ohwait,inthewarmredWest,——
  ThyProsperoI’llbe。
  Overthehumpedandfishysea,OvertheCalibansea,OcloudintheWest,likeathoughtintheheartOfpardon,loosethywing,andstart,Anddoagraceforme。
  Overthehugeandhuddlingsea,[11]
  OvertheCalibansea,BringhithermybrotherAntonio,——Man,——
  Myinjurer:nightbreakstheban;
  Brother,Ipardonthee。
  ____
  Baltimore,1879-80。
  Notes:MarshSong——AtSunsetAtthefirstreading,nodoubt,thissongappearsindistinct,thoughpoetical。
  Onasecondreading,however,withShakespeare’s`Tempest’freshinmind,itseems,asitis,highlyartistic;andwewonderatthehappyusemadeoftheShakespeareancharacters:thegracious,forgivingProspero,therightfulDukeofMilan;Antonio,hisusurpingbrother,forgivennotwithstanding;Caliban,thesavage,deformed,fish-likeslave;
  andAriel,theministeringspiritoftheair。
  With`AtSunset’compareLanier’s`EveningSong’,anotherandamoreagreeablesunsetpicture。
  ABalladofTreesandtheMasterIntothewoodsmyMasterwent,[1]
  Cleanforspent,forspent。
  IntothewoodsmyMastercame,Forspentwithloveandshame。
  ButtheolivestheywerenotblindtoHim,ThelittlegrayleaveswerekindtoHim:
  Thethorn-treehadamindtoHimWhenintothewoodsHecame。
  OutofthewoodsmyMasterwent,AndHewaswellcontent。
  OutofthewoodsmyMastercame,[11]
  Contentwithdeathandshame。
  WhenDeathandShamewouldwooHimlast,FromunderthetreestheydrewHimlast:
  ’TwasonatreetheyslewHim——lastWhenoutofthewoodsHecame。
  ____
  Baltimore,November,1880。
  Notes:ABalladofTreesandtheMasterInthe`Introduction’(p。xxxiff。[PartIII])IhavetriedtoshowtheintensityandthebreadthofLanier’sloveofnatureingeneral。
  PresidentGatesgivesaseparatesectiontoLanier’sloveoftreesandplant-life;and,afterquotingsomelinesonthesoothingandinspiringcompanionshipoftrees,thusspeaksofourBallad:"Thisministrationoftreestoamindandheart`forspentwithshameandgrief’findsitsculminationinthepatheticlinesuponthatolive-gardennearJerusalem,whichtothoseofuswhohavesatwithinitsshademustalwaysseemthemostsacredspotonearth。
  Thealmostmysticexaltationofthepowerofpoeticsympathywhichinspiredtheseintenselines,`IntotheWoodsmyMasterwent’,mayimpairtheirreligiouseffectformanydevoutsouls。
  Buttomanyothersthisshortpoemwillexpressmostwonderfullythatessentialhuman-heartednessintheSonofMan,ourDivineSaviour,whichmadeHimonewithusinHisneedofthequiet,sympatheticministrationsofnature——perhapstheheartofthereasonwhythisolive-grovewas`theplacewhereHewaswonttogo’forprayer。"
  SeeSt。Luke22:39。
  ForLanier’sotherpoemsonChristsee`Introduction’,p。xxxviif。[PartIII]。
  SunriseInmysleepIwasfainoftheirfellowship,fain[1]
  Ofthelive-oak,themarsh,andthemain。
  Thelittlegreenleaveswouldnotletmealoneinmysleep;
  Up-breathedfromthemarshes,amessageofrangeandofsweep,Interwovenwithwafturesofwildsea-liberties,drifting,Camethroughthelappedleavessifting,sifting,Cametothegatesofsleep。
  Thenmythoughts,inthedarkofthedungeon-keepOftheCastleofCaptiveshidintheCityofSleep,Upstarted,bytwosandbythreesassembling:
  Thegatesofsleepfella-trembling[11]
  Likeasthelipsofaladythatforthfalter"yes",Shakenwithhappiness:
  Thegatesofsleepstoodwide。
  Ihavewaked,Ihavecome,mybeloved!Imightnotabide:
  Ihavecomeerethedawn,Obeloved,mylive-oaks,tohideInyourgospellingglooms,——tobeAsaloverinheaven,themarshmymarshandtheseamysea。
  Tellme,sweetburly-bark’d,man-bodiedTreeThatminearmsinthedarkareembracing,dostknowFromwhatfountarethesetearsatthyfeetwhichflow?[21]
  Theyrisenotfromreason,butdeeperinconsequentdeeps。
  Reason’snotonethatweeps。
  WhatlogicofgreetingliesBetwixtdearover-beautifultreesandtherainoftheeyes?
  Ocunninggreenleaves,littlemasters!likeasyeglossAllthedull-tissueddarkwithyourluminousdarksthatembossThevagueblacknessofnightintopatternandplan,So,(ButwouldIcouldknow,butwouldIcouldknow,)
  Withyourquestionembroid’ringthedarkofthequestionofman,——[31]
  So,withyoursilencespurflingthissilenceofmanWhilehiscrytothedeadforsomeknowledgeisundertheban,Undertheban,——
  So,yehavewroughtmeDesignsonthenightofourknowledge,——yea,yehavetaughtme,So,Thathaplyweknowsomewhatmorethanweknow。
  Yelispers,whisperers,singersinstorms,Yeconsciencesmurmuringfaithsunderforms,Yeministersmeetforeachpassionthatgrieves,[41]
  Friendly,sisterly,sweetheartleaves,Oh,rainmedownfromyourdarksthatcontainmeWisdomsyewinnowfromwindsthatpainme,——
  Siftdowntremorsofsweet-within-sweetThatadvisemeofmorethantheybring,——repeatMethewoods-smellthatswiftlybutnowbroughtbreathFromtheheaven-sidebankoftheriverofdeath,——
  Teachmethetermsofsilence,——preachmeThepassionofpatience,——siftme,——impeachme,——
  Andthere,ohthere[51]
  Asyehangwithyourmyriadpalmsupturnedintheair,Praymeamyriadprayer。
  Mygossip,theowl,——isitthouThatoutoftheleavesofthelow-hangingbough,AsIpasstothebeach,artstirred?
  Dumbwoods,haveyeutteredabird?……
  ReverendMarsh,low-couchedalongthesea,Oldchemist,raptinalchemy,Distillingsilence,——lo,Thatwhichourfather-agehaddiedtoknow——[61]
  Themenstruumthatdissolvesallmatter——thouHastfoundit:forthissilence,fillingnowTheglobedclarityofreceivingspace,Thissolvesusall:man,matter,doubt,disgrace,Death,love,sin,sanity,Mustinyonsilenceclearsolutionlie。
  Tooclear!Thatcrystalnothingwho’llperuse?
  Theblackestnightcouldbringusbrighternews。
  YetpreciousqualitiesofsilencehauntRoundthesevastmargins,ministrant。[71]
  Oh,ifthysoul’satlattergaspforspace,WithtryingtobreathenobiggerthanthyraceJusttobefellow’d,whenthatthouhastfoundNomanwithroom,orgraceenoughofboundToentertainthatNewthoutell’st,thouart,——
  ’Tishere,’tisherethoucanstunhandthyheartAndbreatheitfree,andbreatheitfree,Byrangymarsh,inlonesea-liberty。
  Thetide’satfull:themarshwithfloodedstreamsGlimmers,alimpidlabyrinthofdreams。[81]
  EachwindingcreekingraveentrancementliesArhapsodyofmorning-stars。TheskiesShinescantwithoneforkedgalaxy,——
  Themarshbragsten:loopedonhisbreasttheylie。
  Oh,whatifasoundshouldbemade!
  Oh,whatifaboundshouldbelaidTothisbow-and-stringtensionofbeautyandsilencea-spring,——
  Tothebendofbeautythebow,ortheholdofsilencethestring!
  Ifearme,IfearmeyondomeofdiaphanousgleamWillbreakasabubbleo’er-blowninadream,——[91]
  Yondomeoftoo-tenuoustissuesofspaceandofnight,Over-weightedwithstars,over-freightedwithlight,Over-satedwithbeautyandsilence,willseemButabubblethatbrokeinadream,Ifaboundofdegreetothisgracebelaid,Orasoundoramotionmade。
  Butno:itismade:list!somewhere,——mystery,where?
  Intheleaves?intheair?
  Inmyheart?isamotionmade:
  ’Tisamotionofdawn,likeaflickerofshadeonshade。[101]
  Intheleaves’tispalpable:lowmultitudinousstirringUpwindsthroughthewoods;thelittleones,softlyconferring,Havesettledmylord’stobelookedfor;so;theyarestill;
  Buttheairandmyheartandtheeartharea-thrill,——
  Andlookwherethewildducksailsroundthebendoftheriver,——
  AndlookwhereapassionateshiverExpectantisbendingthebladesOfthemarsh-grassinserialshimmersandshades,——
  Andinvisiblewings,fastfleeting,fastfleeting,Arebeating[111]
  Thedarkoverheadasmyheartbeats,——andsteadyandfreeIstheebb-tideflowingfrommarshtosea——
  (Runhome,littlestreams,Withyourlapfulsofstarsanddreams),——
  Andasailorunseenishoistinga-peak,Forlist,downtheinshorecurveofthecreekHowmerrilyfluttersthesail,——
  Andlo,intheEast!WilltheEastunveil?
  TheEastisunveiled,theEasthathconfessedAflush:’tisdead;’tisalive:’tisdead,eretheWest[121]
  Wasawareofit:nay,’tisabiding,’tisunwithdrawn:
  Haveacare,sweetHeaven!’TisDawn。
  Nowadreamofaflamethroughthatdreamofaflushisuprolled:
  Tothezenithascending,adomeofundazzlinggoldIsbuilded,inshapeasabee-hive,fromoutofthesea:
  Thehiveisofgoldundazzling,butoh,theBee,Thestar-fedBee,thebuild-fireBee,OfdazzlinggoldisthegreatSun-BeeThatshallflashfromthehive-holeoverthesea。
  Yetnowthedew-drop,nowthemorninggray,[131]
  ShalllivetheirlittlelucidsoberdayErewiththesuntheirsoulsexhaleaway。
  NowineachpettiestpersonalsphereofdewThesumm’dmornshinescompleteasintheblueBigdew-dropofallheaven:withtheselitshrinesO’er-silveredtothefarthestsea-confines,ThesacramentalmarshonepiousplainOfworshiplies。Peacetotheante-reignOfMaryMorning,blissfulmothermild,Mindedofnoughtbutpeace,andofachild。[141]
  NotslowerthanMajestymoves,forameanandameasureOfmotion,——notfasterthandatelessOlympianleisureMightpacewithunblownamplegarmentsfrompleasuretopleasure,——
  Thewave-serratesea-rimsinksunjarring,unreeling,Foreverrevealing,revealing,revealing,Edgewise,bladewise,halfwise,wholewise,——’tisdone!
  Good-morrow,lordSun!
  Withseveralvoice,withascriptionone,ThewoodsandthemarshandtheseaandmysoulUntothee,whencetheglitteringstreamofallmorrowsdothroll,[151]
  Crygoodandpast-goodandmostheavenlymorrow,lordSun。
  OArtisanborninthepurple,——WorkmanHeat,——
  ParterofpassionateatomsthattravailtomeetAndbemixedinthedeath-coldoneness,——innermostGuestAtthemarriageofelements,——fellowofpublicans,——blestKingintheblouseofflame,thatloiteresto’erTheidleskiesyetlaborestfastevermore,——
  Thou,inthefineforge-thunder,thou,inthebeatOftheheartofaman,thouMotive,——LaborerHeat:
  Yea,Artist,thou,ofwhoseartyonsea’sallnews,[161]
  Withhisinshoregreensandmanifoldmid-seablues,Pearl-glint,shell-tint,ancientestperfectesthuesEvershamingthemaidens,——lilyandroseConfessthee,andeachmildflamethatglowsIntheclarifiedvirginalbosomsofstonesthatshine,Itisthine,itisthine:
  Thouchemistofstorms,whetherdrivingthewindsa-swirlOra-flickerthesubtileressencespolarthatwhirlInthemagnetearth,——yea,thouwithastormforaheart,Rentwithdebate,many-spottedwithquestion,part[171]
  Frompartoftsundered,yeteveraglobedlight,Yetevertheartist,evermorelargeandbrightThantheeyeofamanmayavailof:——manifoldOne,Imustpassfromthyface,ImustpassfromthefaceoftheSun:
  OldWantisawakeandagog,everywrinklea-frown;
  Theworkermustpasstohisworkintheterribletown:
  ButIfearnot,nay,andIfearnotthethingtobedone;
  IamstrongwiththestrengthofmylordtheSun:
  Howdark,howdarksoevertheracethatmustneedsberun,IamlitwiththeSun。[181]
  Oh,neverthemast-highrunoftheseasOftrafficshallhidethee,Neverthehell-coloredsmokeofthefactoriesHidethee,Neverthereekofthetime’sfen-politicsHidethee,Andevermyheartthroughthenightshallwithknowledgeabidethee,Andeverbydayshallmyspirit,asonethathathtriedthee,Labor,atleisure,inart,——tillyonderbesidetheeMysoulshallfloat,friendSun,[191]
  Thedaybeingdone。
  ____
  Baltimore,December,1880。
  Notes:SunriseInthewordsofMrs。Lanier,"`Sunrise’,Mr。Lanier’slatestcompletedpoem,waswrittenwhilehissunoflifeseemedfairlyatthesetting,andthehandwhichfirstpencilleditslineshadnotstrengthtocarrynourishmenttothelips。"See`Introduction’,p。xviii[PartI]。
  Lanierhastwootherpoemsonthesametheme,bothshort:
  `ASunriseSong’and`BetweenDawnandSunrise’(enteredunder`MarshHymns’)。
  Asalreadypointedout(`Introduction’,pp。xxxi[PartIII],xlvii[PartIV]),`Sunrise’showsinapowerfulwaythedelicacyandthecomprehensivenessofLanier’slovefornature。True,asIhaveelsewherestated(`Introduction’,p。xlvi[PartIV]),thepoemhassomeseriouslimitations,moreIthinkthanhas`TheMarshesofGlynn’;but,despiteitsshortcomings,`Sunrise’isfromanabsolutestand-pointagreatpoem;
  while,ifweconsiderthecircumstancesunderwhichitwasproduced,itis,inthewordsofProfessorKent,"aworld-marvel"。
  AsidefromthenumerousunapproachablesnatchesinShakespeare,*
  IknowofnothingonthesubjectinEnglishliteraturecomparableto`Sunrise’。Mr。W。W。Story’s`Sunrise’isperhapstheclosestparallel,andyetitisfarinferiortoLanier’s,aseveryreaderofthetwowilladmit。Ifonewishestomakefurthercomparisons,hemayfindsunrisepoemsinthefollowingauthors:
  Blake,Cowper,Emerson,Hood,Keats,Longfellow,Southey,Thompson,Willis,etc。Imayaddthataninteresting,thoughsuperficialarticleon`ThePoetryofSunriseandSunset’maybefoundin`Chambers’sEdinburghJournal’,22,234,October7,1854。
  ——
  *AmongothersImaycitethefollowingpassages:
  "Hark!hark!thelarkatheaven’sgatesings,"
  in`Cymbeline’,2,3;
  "ButlookthemorninrussetmantlecladWalkso’erthedewofyonhigheasternhill,"
  in`Hamlet’,1,1;
  "Night’scandlesareburntout,andjocunddayStandstiptoeonthemistymountain-tops,"
  in`RomeoandJuliet’,3,5;and"FullmanyagloriousmorninghaveIseen"etc。,`Sonnetxxxiii’。
  ——
  3,13-14。See`Introduction’,p。xxxii[PartIII],andcomparel。26。
  39-53。See`Introduction’,p。xxxiii[PartIII]。
  42。IhadmadethecomparisonbetweenLanierandSt。FrancisbeforereadingDr。Gates’sessayonLanier,andwasdelightedtofindmyjudgmentconfirmedbysocompetentacritic。Dr。Gatesisquiteemphatic:
  "SinceSt。Francis,nosoulhasseemedsoheavilyoverchargedwiththisfeelingofbrotherhoodforallcreatedthings。"
  `TheCanticleoftheSun’,otherwiseknownas`TheSongoftheCreatures’,maybefoundinmetricalforminMrs。Oliphant’slifeofSt。Francis(NewYork,1870)andinproseinSabatier’s(Scribners,NewYork,1894)。
  54。Lanierhasan`OwlagainstRobin’。
  57。See`Introduction’,p。xli[PartIV]。
  80-85。See`Introduction’,p。xliii[PartIV]。
  86-152。See`Introduction’,p。xlvii[PartIV]。Mr。F。F。Brownesaysthatinlyricsweetnessll。86-97recallthebestofKeatsandShelley。
  114-115。See`Introduction’,p。xliv[PartIV]。
  127。Lanierhasapoementitled`TheBee’。
  134-136。See`Introduction’,p。xliii[PartIV]。
  181。CompareMrs。Easter’stribute,`LitwiththeSun’。
  189-192。See`Introduction’,p。xxi[PartI],andcompareCowdin’stribute,`HopesetandSunrise’,andtheclosingstanzaofHamlinGarland’s:
  "Whileheart’sbloodebbedateverybreathHepassedlife’shead-landbleakanddun,FlewthroughthewesterngateofDeathAndtookhisplacebesidethesun。"
  BibliographyI。CollectedProseWorksTiger-lilies:ANovel。16mo,pp。v,252。Hurd&Houghton,NewYork,1867。
  Outofprint。
  Florida:ItsScenery,Climate,andHistory。12mo,pp。336。
  J。B。Lippincott&Co。,Philadelphia,1876。
  TheBoy’sFroissart。BeingSirJohnFroissart’sChroniclesofAdventure,Battle,andCustominEngland,France,Spain,etc。EditedforBoys。
  Crown8vo,pp。xxviii,422。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1878。
  TheScienceofEnglishVerse。Crown8vo,pp。xv,315。
  CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1880。
  TheBoy’sKingArthur。BeingSirThomasMalory’sHistoryofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable。EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xlviii,404。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1880。
  TheBoy’sMabinogion。BeingtheEarliestWelshTalesofKingArthurinthefamousRedBookofHergest。EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xxiv,378。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1881。
  TheBoy’sPercy。BeingOldBalladsofWar,Adventure,andLove,fromBishopThomasPercy’sReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry。
  EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xxxii,442。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1882。
  TheEnglishNovelandthePrinciplesofitsDevelopment。Crown8vo,pp。293。
  CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1883。
  II。CollectedPoeticalWorksPoems。Pp。94。J。B。Lippincott&Co。,Philadelphia,1877。
  Contained`ToCharlotteCushman’(dedication),`Corn’,`TheSymphony’,`ThePsalmoftheWest’,`InAbsence’,`Acknowledgment’,`Betrayal’,`SpecialPleading’,`ToCharlotteCushman’,`Rose-morals’,`To————withaRose’。
  PoemsofSidneyLanier,EditedbyhisWife,withaMemorialbyWilliamHayesWard。NewYork:CharlesScribner’sSons,1884,252pp。,12mo。
  III。UncollectedProsePiecesThreeWaterfalls:`Scott’sMagazine’(Atlanta,Ga。),August,September,1867。
  AddressbeforetheFurlowMasonicFemaleCollege(Ga。),June30,1869:
  `Catalogue’oftheCollegefor1869。
  ConfederateMemorialAddressatMacon,Ga。,April26,1870:
  `MaconDailyTelegraph’ofApril27,1870,andreprintedinsameforApril27,1887。
  RetrospectsandProspects:`SouthernMagazine’(Baltimore)8。283-290,446-456,March,April,1871。
  Nature-Metaphors:`SouthernMagazine’10。172-182,February,1872。
  SanAntoniodeBexar:`SouthernMagazine’13。83-99,138-152,July,August,1873。
  Peace:`SouthernMagazine’15。406-410,October,1874。
  ReviewofHayne’sPoems:`SouthernMagazine’,1874。
  TheOcklawahainMay:`Lippincott’sMagazine’(Philadelphia)16。403-413,October,1875。
  St。AugustineinApril:`Lippincott’sMagazine’16。537-550,November,1875。
  SketchesofIndia,publishedanonymously:`Lippincott’sMagazine’17。37-51,172-183,283-301,409-427,January-April,1876。
  DefenceofCentennialCantata:`TheTribune’(NewYork),1876。
  MusicalFestivalinBaltimore:`TheSun’(Baltimore),May28,29,30,1878。
  CriticismofRubinstein’sOceanSymphony:`TheSun’(Baltimore),January31,1880。
  TheStoryofaProverb:`Lippincott’sMagazine’23。109-113,January,1879。
  LettertoMr。J。F。D。Lanier,abankerofNewYork,givinganaccountoftheLaniersinEuropeandoftheircomingtoAmerica:
  privatelyprinted,Baltimore,April2,1879,pp。17。
  AFairyTaleforGrownPeople:`St。NicholasMagazine’,1879。
  TheOrchestraofTo-day:`Scribner’sMonthly’(NewYork)19。897-904,April,1880。
  TheNewSouth:`Scribner’sMonthly’20。840-851。October,1880。
  Bob:`TheIndependent’(NewYork)34。1-3,August3,1882。
  MoralPurposeinArt:`TheCenturyMagazine’(NewYork)4。131-137,May,1883。
  TwoLetterstoBayardTaylor:Taylor(M。H。)andScudder’s`LifeandLettersofBayardTaylor’(Boston,1884),vol。ii。,677,693-94。
  TheLegendofSt。Leonor,aFragmentfromanUnfinishedLectureon"TheRelationsofPoetryandScience":`TheIndependent’37。1627,December17,1885。
  TheHappySoul’sAddresstotheDeadBody,fromShakespeareCourseofLectures:`TheIndependent’,1886。
  AGreatManWanted,ExtractfromLetterofNovember15,1874,toJudgeL。E。Bleckley,ofGeorgia:`TheAcorn’(Towson,Md。),June,1887;
  reprintedin`TheCritic’(NewYork)7。309,June18,1887。
  FromBacontoBeethoven,publishedanonymously:`Lippincott’sMagazine’
  41。643-655,May,1888。
  ChaucerandShakespeare:`TheIndependent’43。1337-1338,1371-1372,September10and17,1891。
  ChaucerandShakespeareCompared:`TheIndependent’43。1401-1402,September24,1891。
  WhatIKnowaboutFlowers,aS。S。addressdeliveredabout1868,butfirstpublishedin`TheSunday-schoolTimes’(Philadelphia)33。739,November21,1891。
  HowtoReadChaucer:`TheIndependent’43。1748,November26,1891。
  Blood-redFlowerofWar,anextractfrom`Tiger-lilies’(pp。115-121):
  `TheSundayNews’(Baltimore),November27,1892。
  LetterstoMr。andMrs。GibsonPeacock,fromJanuary26,1875,toJune1,1880,editedbyWm。R。Thayer:`TheAtlanticMonthly’(Boston)
  74。14-28,181-193,July,August,1894。
  IV。UncollectedPoemsLaughterintheSenate:`TheRoundTable’(NewYork),1868。
  CivilRights:`TheHerald’(Atlanta,Ga。),1874。
  SongsAgainstDeath(fivestanzas,thelastfragmentary):
  `TheCenturyMagazine’10。377,July,1886。
  OneinTwo:`CenturyMagazine’12。417,July,1887。
  TwoinOne:`CenturyMagazine’12。417,July,1887。
  To"TheWhiteFlower"ofTheEnglishNovel,writtenin1878,butprintedin1890byL。Prang(Boston)onanillustratedChristmasCard。
  OntheReceiptofaJarofMarmalade,writtenforMrs。C。N。Hawkinsin1877,butprintedinherhusband’spaper,`TheNewCastle(Va。)Record’,April11,1891。
  TheLord’sRomanceofTime,anOutline:`Sunday-schoolTimes’
  (Philadelphia),1892。
  ToLucie,writtenonSt。Valentine’sDay,1880,publishedin`FromDixie’,Richmond,Va。,1893。
  V。PoemsinAnthologiesBlackman,O。:see`Lawrence,W。M。’
  Hutchinson,EllenM。:see`Stedman,E。C。’
  Lawrence(W。M。)andBlackman(O。):`TheRiversideSongBook’(Boston,1893)
  has`BabyCharley’(p。91)and`MaytheMaiden’(p。97),bothsettomusic。
  Putnam,S。A。Brock:`ThePoetryofAmerica’(NewYork,1894)
  has`LifeandSong’,`Nirvana’,`BalladofTreesandtheMaster’,and`Sunrise’。
  Roberts,C。G。D。:`PoemsofWildLife’(London,1888)
  has`TheRevengeofHamish’(pp。57-62)。
  Sladen,Douglas:`YoungerAmericanPoets’(NewYork,1891)
  gives(pp。131-145)`Sunrise’,`TheMarshesofGlynn’,`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`ABalladofTreesandtheMaster’,anextractfrom`TheSymphony’,and`TheCrystal’。
  Stedman(E。C。)andHutchinson(EllenM。):`ALibraryofAmericanLiterature’
  (NewYork,1891)gives(vol。x。,pp。145-151)`TheMarshesofGlynn’,`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`TheMocking-bird’,`TheRevengeofHamish’,`NightandDay’,andaportrait。
  VI。Criticisms*ofLanier’sLifeandWorks*Unlessthetitleofthecriticismisgiven,thearticletreatsLanier’slifeandworksingeneral。Exceptinspecialcasesnoaccountismadeofarticlesinthedailypapers。——Forbrevity’ssakeIciteunderthisheadthemusiccomposedforseveralofLanier’spoems。
  AmericanYouth(Chicago):3。102。
  Appleton’sAnnualCyclopaedia(NewYork):1881,p。685:`Obituary’。
  Black,G。D。:`TheAntiochian’(YellowSprings,O。)2:4。4-6,February,1886。
  Black,G。D。:`Belford’sMagazine’(Chicago)6。187-190,January,1891。
  Blackman,O。:see`Lawrence’under`V’。
  Boykin,LauretteN。:`HomeLifeofSidneyLanier’,Atlanta,Ga。,1889,12pp。
  Browne,F。F。:`TheDial’(Chicago)5。244-246,January,1885。
  Browne,Wm。H。:`MemorialAddress’beforetheJohnsHopkinsUniversity,October22,1881,8pp。Privatelyprinted。
  Browne,Wm。H。:`LetterattheUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,in`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’
  ofOctober19,1890。
  Browne,Wm。H。:`FromDixie’(Richmond,Va。,1893),pp。40-51。
  Buck,Dudley:MusictoLanier’s`CentennialCantata’。
  NewYork:G。Schirmer,1876。
  Buck,Dudley:`Sunset’,musictoLanier’s`EveningSong’。
  NewYork:G。Schirmer,1877。
  Buckham,J。:`AnAccountoftheHopkinsMemorialMeetingofFebruary3,1888’,`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)19。56-57,February18,1888。
  Burton,R。E。:`AnAccountoftheHopkinsMemorialMeetingofFebruary3,1888’,`TheCritic’(NewYork),9。63-64,February11,1888;
  alsoinGilman’s`MemorialofSidneyLanier’,pp。47-50。
  Burton,RichardE。:`LanierBibliography’,inGilman’s`MemorialofSidneyLanier’(Baltimore,1888),pp。51-56。
  Calvert,G。H。:`TheGoldenAge’,June12,1875。
  Carmichael,Mary:`AMaySong’,musictoLanier’s`SongfortheJacquerie’。
  London:Stanley,Lucas,Weber&Co。,1889。
  CenturyMagazine(NewYork):1。475,January,1882:`Boy’sMabinogion’。
  Chamberlain,D。H。:`TheNewEnglander’(NewHaven,Conn。)44。227-238,March,1885。
  Coleman,C。W。,Jr。:`HomesofSomeSouthernAuthorsIV。’,`TheChautauquan’(Meadville,Pa。)8。343-344。
  Critic,The(NewYork):3。3-4,January3,1885:`Poems’;
  9。97,February28,1888:`ProfessorJ。H。Gilmore’sLectureonLanier’;
  9。224,May5,1888;9。245,May19,1888;15。130,March7,1891;
  16。197,October17,1891:`Poems’(ed。of1891);20。95,August5,1893:
  `ProfessorW。D。McClintock’sLectureonLanier’。
  Cummings,MissM。A。:`CatholicMirror’(Baltimore),May7,1892。
  Dewey,T。E。:`AddressbeforetheKansasAcademyofLanguageandLiterature’,atBakerUniversity,Baldwin,April7,1892,34pp。
  Dial,The(Chicago):2。182-3,December,1881:`Boy’sMabinogion’;
  3。176,December,1882:`Boy’sPercy’;4。40,June,1883。
  Fiske,John:see`Wilson,J。G。’
  Gates,M。E。:`SidneyLanier’sMoralEarnestness’,`TheCritic’3。227,May9,1885,asquotedfromtheRutgersCollege`Targum’。
  Gates,M。E。:`PresbyterianReview’(NewYork),8。669-701,October,1887;
  alsoinpamphletform;summarizedinSladen’s`YoungerAmericanPoets’
  (pp。635-644)。
  Gates,M。E。:`OntheEthicalInfluenceofLanier’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,pp。31-36。
  Gilder,R。W。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’,inlatter’s`Memorial’,pp。27-29。
  Gilman,D。C。:`OurContinent’(Chicago),February,1882。
  Gilman,D。C。(ed。):`AMemorialofSidneyLanier’(Baltimore,1888),52pp。
  Gilman,D。C。:`LetterattheUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,in`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
  Gosse,Edmund:`QuestionsatIssue’,London,1893,pp。78-81。
  Hankins,V。W。:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。),2。760-61,May,1887。
  Harper’sMagazine(NewYork):54。617,March,1877:`Poems’(1877ed。);
  60。474,February,1880:`Boy’sFroissart’;61。796-97,October,1880:
  `ScienceofEnglishVerse’;62。315,January,1881:`Boy’sKingArthur’;
  64。316,January,1882:`Boy’sMabinogion’;66。316,January,1883:
  `Boy’sPercy’;67。798-99,October,1883:`TheEnglishNovel’。
  Harris,JoelChandler:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’
  ofSeptember12,1881。
  Harris,J。C。:`LetteratUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
  Hawthorne(J。)andLemmon(L。):`AmericanLiterature’,Boston,1893,pp。276-77。
  Hayne,PaulH。:`APoet’sLetterstoaFriend’,`TheCritic’5。77-78,89-90,February13,20,1886。
  Higginson,T。W。:`TheChautauquan’(Meadville,Pa。)7。416-418,April,1887。
  Higginson,T。W。:`WomenandMen’,Boston,1888,chap。58。
  Hill,Mrs。K。:`Marie’,musictoLanier’s`SongfortheJacquerie’,Riga,P。Neldner,1891。
  Hill,W。B。:`AddressinPresentingBustofthePoettoCityofMacon,Ga。’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
  Hubner,Chas。W。:`TheAmerican’,Atlanta,Ga。,November29,1888。
  Kent,C。W。:`AStudyofLanier’sPoems,inPublicationsoftheModernLanguageAssociation’(Baltimore)7:2。33-63,April-June,1892。
  Kirk,J。F。:`ASupplementtoAllibone’sDictionaryofEnglishLiterature’
  (Philadelphia),1891,vol。ii。,973,hasabriefsketchofLanier。
  Kirkus,Wm。:`AmericanLiteraryChurchman’,October,1881。
  Lanier,Charles:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
  Lanier,Clifford:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
  Lawrence,W。M。:seeunder`V’。
  Lemmon,L。:see`Hawthorne’。
  Lind,W。Murdoch:`SidneyLanier’sLibrary’,`TheDailyNews’(Baltimore),July24,1892。
  Link,S。A。:`NewEnglandMagazine’(Boston)10。14-19,March,1894。
  LiteraryWorld,The(Boston):6。116,January,1876:`Florida’;
  7。103,December,1876:`Poems’(Lippincotted。);11。227,July3,1880:
  `ScienceofEnglishVerse’;11。441,December4,1880:`Boy’sKingArthur’;
  12。215,June18,1881:`Florida’;12。449,December3,1881:
  `Boy’sMabinogion’;14。204-205,June30,1883:`EnglishNovel’;
  16。40-41,February7,1885:`Poems’;16。350-352,April10,1885:`Poems’。
  Lowell,JamesRussell:`LettertoPresidentGilman’inlatter’s`Memorial’,p。25。
  Macmechan,A。:`TheVarsity’(Toronto),March3,1888。
  Marble,E。:`CottageHearth’(Boston),4。141-142,June,1877。
  Morris,H。S。:`ThePoetryofS。L。’,`TheAmerican’(Philadelphia),No。393,pp。284-285,February18,1888。
  Nation,The(NewYork):31。310-311,October28,1880:
  `ScienceofEnglishVerse’;33。216,September15,1881;
  33。994,November17,1881;35。468,November30,1882:`Boy’sPercy’;
  37。38,July12,1883:`EnglishNovel’;39。528,December18,1884:`Poems’;
  46。51-52,February9,1888;53。297,October15,1891:`Poems’(1891ed。)。
  Newell,A。C。:`Lanier’sLifeatOglethorpeCollege’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofFebruary27,1894。
  NewEnglander(NewHaven,Conn。):39。566,July,1880:
  `ScienceofEnglishVerse’。
  Penn,A。:`S。L。ontheEnglishNovel’,`CenturyMagazine’,5。957-958,April,1884。
  Pitts,W。A。:`WoffordCollegeJournal’(Spartanburg,S。C。)4。307-312,June,1893。
  Poet-lore(Philadelphia):2。303,1890;3。369,1891。
  Putnam,S。A。Brock:`ThePoetryofAmerica’,NewYork,1894,hasashortSketchofLanier。
  Richardson,CharlesF。:`AmericanLiterature’(1607-1885),2vols。,NewYork,1889-1891;vol。2。231-2,242,398。
  Roberts,Chas。G。D。:`St。John(N。B。)Globe’,April25,1885。
  Roberts,Chas。G。D。(ed。):`PoemsofWildLife’,London,1888,hasashortsketchofLanier。
  Roberts,C。G。D。:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
  Rutherford,Mildred:`AmericanAuthors’,Atlanta,Ga。,1894,pp。368-375。
  Scott,W。J。:`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Nashville),NewSeries,5。157-171,October,1888。
  Scribner’sMonthly(NewYork):20。473-4,July,1880:
  `ScienceofEnglishVerse’;21。322,December,1880:`Boy’sKingArthur’。
  Semple,PattyB。:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville)2。661-7,April,1887。
  Sladen,Douglas:`SomeYoungerAmericanPoetsI。’,`TheIndependent’
  (NewYork)42。806,June12,1890。
  Sladen,Douglas:`YoungerAmericanPoets’,NewYork,1891,pp。xxvi-xxviii,635-655:aslightlyexpandedformofthepreceding。
  See,too,`Gates’and`Turnbull’。
  Sladen,Douglas:`TheAmericanRossetti’,`LiteraryWorld’(London),pp。378-9,November17,1893。
  Smyth,A。H。:`AmericanLiterature’,Philadelphia,1889,p。132。
  Spann,Minnie:`SidneyLanier’sYouth,S。L。’sManhood’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)46。800,821-2,June21,28,1894。
  Spectator,The(London):65。828-9,December6,1890。
  Stedman,E。C。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’,pp。12-14ofBrowne’s`MemorialAddress’。
  Stedman,E。C。:`TheCritic’(NewYork),1。298,1881。
  Stedman,E。C。:`PoetsofAmerica’,Boston,1885,pp。449-451。
  Stedman,E。C。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’inlatter’s`Memorial’,pp。25-27。
  Stedman(E。C。)andHutchinson(EllenM。):`LibraryofAmericanLiterature’
  (NewYork,1891),vol。xi。,542,givesbriefsketchesofSidneyandCliffordLanier。
  Stoddard,F。H。:`ReviewofTheEnglishNovel’,`NewEnglander’
  (NewHaven,Conn。)43。97-104,January,1884。
  Tabb,J。B。:`SidneyLanier’sLastLines’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’
  ofOctober19,1890。
  Tait,JohnR。:`Lippincott’sMagazine’(Phila。)40。723-724,November,1887。
  Taylor,Bayard:`TheTribune’(NewYork),1876。
  Taylor(M。H。)andScudder’s`LifeandLettersofBayardTaylor’,vol。2。669-723,hasseverallettersfromB。T。toS。L。
  Thayer,W。R。:`TheIndependent’(NewYork),1883;March,1884;
  June12,1884;December18,1884;1886:`Stedman’sPoetsofAmerica’。
  Thayer,W。R。:`TheAmerican’(Phila。)December20,1884;February18,1888。
  Thayer,W。R。(ed。):`LettersofSidneyLanier’[toMr。andMrs。
  GibsonPeacock],`TheAtlanticMonthly’(Boston)74。14-28,181-193,JulyandAugust,1894。
  Tolman,A。H。:`Lanier’sScienceofEnglishVerse’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,pp。37-45。
  Travelers’Record,The(Hartford,Conn。):October,1885:
  `OwlagainstRobin’。
  Turnbull,Mrs。Lawrence:`TheCatholicMan:AStudy’,Boston,1890,gives,inPaul,thepoet,animaginativestudyofthecharacterofMr。Lanier,withwhomtheauthorwasintimatelyacquaintedandtowhomshewasdevoted。
  Turnbull,FranceseL。(=Mrs。LawrenceT。):`SidneyLanier:AStudy’,inSladen’s`YoungerAmericanPoets’,NewYork,1891,pp。645-655。
  Urban,Francis:MusictoLanier’s`ABalladofTreesandtheMaster’。
  Baltimore:OttoSutro&Co。,1886。
  VonSturmer,H。H。:`ASoldier-poet’,`Excelsior’(Barbados)1。233-236,October,1890。
  Walker,Geo。W。:`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Macon,Ga。)
  7。193-206,April,1885。
  Ward,Wm。Hayes:`SidneyLanieronMoralPurposeinArt’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork),May3,1883。
  Ward,Wm。Hayes:`SidneyLanier,Poet’,`CenturyMagazine’5。816-821,April,1884。
  Ward,Wm。Hayes:`Memorial’,prefixedto`PoemsofSidneyLanier’,editedbyhiswife,pp。xi-xl。
  Warner,CharlesDudley:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
  Washington,HughV。:`AddressonAcceptingtheBustofLanierfortheCityofMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’
  ofOctober19,1890。
  West,CharlesN。:`AddressbeforetheGeorgiaHistoricalSociety’,Savannah,December5,1887,25pp。
  Wilkinson,W。C。:`TheIndependent’(NewYork),September,1886。
  Wilson,Heileman:`Fetter’sSouthernMagazine’(Louisville,Ky。)2。11-15,February,1893。
  Wilson(J。G。)andFiske(J。),eds。:`Appleton’sCyclopaediaofAmericanBiography’,NewYork,1888,vol。iii。,613,hasbriefsketchesofS。andC。Lanier。
  Wray,J。E。:`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Nashville),NewSeries,16。157-163,April,1894。
  VII。PoeticalTributesAndrews,MaudeAnnulet:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)18。184,June11,1887。
  Barbe,Waiteman:inhis`AshesandIncense’,Philadelphia,1892。
  Burroughs,Ellen:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)21。40,February1,1890。
  Burton,RichardE。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,p。12。
  Clark,SimeonTupper:`TheBuffalo(N。Y。)Courier’,November,1881。
  Colquitt,MelR。:`ThePeriod’,Atlanta,Ga。
  Cowdin,JasperBarnett:`HopesetandSunrise’,`SouthernBivouac’
  (Louisville,Ky。)1。614-615,March,1886。
  Cummings,James:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。13-17。
  Dandridge,Danske:inher`JoyandOtherPoems’,NewYorkandLondon,1888。
  Easter,MargueriteE。:inher`ClytieandOtherPoems’,Boston,1891。
  Edwards,HarryS。:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
  Garland,Hamlin:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。)2。759,May,1887。
  Gates,Mrs。MerrillE。:`HomeJournal’(NewYork),April16,1890。
  Hayne,PaulHamilton:`ThePoleofDeath’,in`Poems’(Boston,1882),p。322。
  Hayne,Wm。H。:`PoemfortheUnveilingoftheBustofS。L。atMacon,Ga。,October17,1890’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890;
  `SidneyLanier’,inhis`SylvanLyricsandOtherVerses’(NewYork),1893。
  Hubner,CharlesW。:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofSeptember12,1881。
  Lanier,Clifford:`Acknowledgment,ToallwholoveS。L。’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork),April9,1885。
  Reese,LizetteWoodworth:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。)2。488,January,1887;`WithaCopyofLanier’sPoems’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)
  44。322,March3,1892。
  Roberts,CharlesG。D。:`TotheMemoryofS。L。’,inhis`InDiversTones’,Boston,1886,pp。95-96;`OnReadingthePoemsofS。L。’,ib。,p。97;
  `ForaBustofL。’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)43。625,April30,1891。
  Scollard,Clinton:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston),vol。18,May14,1886。
  Tabb,JohnB。:`ToSidneyLanier’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,p。11;
  `SidneyLanier’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890;
  `GreetingtoS。L。’,in`TheTimes-Democrat’(NewOrleans)ofDecember,1891,andquotedbySpannin`TheIndependent’(NewYork)46。822,June28,1894。
  Thomas,EdithM。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。22-23。
  Turnbull,FranceseE。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。18-21。