WemustnoteherethatthereiscertainsectinEnglandcalledPuritans;these，accordingtothedoctrineoftheChurchofGeneva，rejectallceremoniesancientlyheld，andadmitofneitherorgansnortombsintheirplacesofworship，andentirelyabhoralldifferenceinrankamongChurchmen，suchasbishops，deans，&c。;
　　theywerefirstnamedPuritansbytheJesuitSandys。Theydonotliveseparate，butmixwiththoseoftheChurchofEnglandinthecolleges。
　　Potton，avillage。
　　Ampthill，atown;herewesawimmensenumbersofrabbits，whicharereckonedasgoodashares，andareverywelltasted。
　　WepassedthroughthetownsofWoburn，Leighton，Aylesbury，andWheatley。
　　Oxonium，Oxford，thefamedAthensofEngland;thatgloriousseminaryoflearningandwisdom，whencereligion，politeness，andletters，areabundantlydispersedintoallpartsofthekingdom。Thetownisremarkablyfine，whetheryouconsidertheeleganceofitsprivatebuildings，themagnificenceofitspublicones，orthebeautyandwholesomenessofitssituation，whichisonaplain，encompassedinsuchamannerwithhills，shadedwithwood，astobeshelteredontheonehandfromthesicklysouth，andontheotherfromtheblusteringwest，butopentotheeast，thatblowssereneweather，andtothenorth，thepreventerofcorruption，fromwhich，intheopinionofsome，itformerlyobtainedtheappellationofBellositum。
　　Thistowniswateredbytworivers，theCherwellandtheIsis，vulgarlycalledtheOuse;andthoughthesestreamsjoininthesamechannel，yettheIsisrunsmoreentireandwithmorerapiditytowardsthesouth，retainingitsnametillitmeetstheThame，whichitseemslongtohavesought，atWallingford;thence，calledbythecompoundnameofThames，itflowstheprinceofallBritishrivers，ofwhomwemayjustlysay，astheancientsdidoftheEuphrates，thatitbothsowsandwatersEngland。
　　ThecollegesinthisfamousUniversityareasfollows：-
　　InthereignofHenryIII。，WalterMerton，BishopofRochester，removedthecollegehehadfoundedinSurrey，1274，toOxford，enrichedit，andnameditMertonCollege;andsoonafter，William，ArchdeaconofDurham，restored，withadditions，thatbuildingofAlfred’snowcalledUniversityCollege;inthereignofEdwardI。，JohnBaliol，KingofScotland，or，assomewillhaveit，hisparents，foundedBaliolCollege;inthereignofEdwardII。，WalterStapleton，BishopofExeter，foundedExeterCollegeandHartHall;
　　and，inimitationofhim，theKing，King’sCollege，commonlycalledOriel，andSt。Mary’sHall;next，Philippa，wifeofEdwardIII。，builtQueen’sCollege;andSimonIslip，ArchbishopofCanterbury，CanterburyCollege;WilliamWykeham，BishopofWinchester，raisedthatmagnificentstructurecalledNewCollege;MagdalenCollegewasbuiltbyWilliamWainflete，BishopofWinchester，anobleedifice，finelysituatedanddelightfulforitswalks;atthesametime，Humphrey，DukeofGloucester，thatgreatencourageroflearning，builttheDivinitySchoolverysplendidly，andoveritalibrary，towhichhegaveanhundredandtwenty-nineverychoicebooks，purchasedatagreatpricefromItaly，butthepublichaslongsincebeenrobbedoftheuseofthembytheavariceofparticulars：
　　LincolnCollege;AllSouls’College;St。Bernard’sCollege;Brazen-
　　NoseCollege，foundedbyWilliamSmith，BishopofLincoln，inthereignofHenryVII。;itsrevenueswereaugmentedbyAlexanderNowel，DeanofSt。Paul’s，London;uponthegateofthiscollegeisfixedanoseofbrass;CorpusChristiCollege，builtbyRichardFox，BishopofWinchester——underhispictureintheCollegechapelarelinesimportingthatitistheexactrepresentationofhispersonanddress。
　　Christ’sChurch，thelargestandmostelegantofthemall，wasbegunonthegroundofSt。Frideswide’sMonastery，byThomasWolsey，CardinalofYork，towhichHenryVIII。joinedCanterburyCollege，settledgreatrevenuesuponit，andnameditChrist’sChurch;thesamegreatprince，outofhisowntreasury，tothedignityofthetownandornamentoftheUniversity，madetheoneabishoprie，andinstitutedprofessorshipsintheother。
　　JesusCollege，builtbyHughPrice，DoctorofLaws。
　　Thatfineedifice，thePublicSchools，wasentirelyraisedbyQueenMary，andadornedwithvariousinscriptions。
　　Thusfarofthecollegesandhalls，whichforthebeautyoftheirbuildings，theirrichendowments，andcopiouslibraries，excelalltheacademiesintheChristianworld。Weshalladdalittleoftheacademiesthemselves，andthosethatinhabitthem。
　　Thesestudentsleadalifealmostmonastic;forasthemonkshadnothingintheworldtodobutwhentheyhadsaidtheirprayersatstatedhourstoemploythemselvesininstructivestudies，nomorehavethese。Theyaredividedintothreetables：thefirstiscalledtheFellows’table，towhichareadmittedearls，barons，gentlemen，doctors，andMastersofArts，butveryfewofthelatter——
　　thisismoreplentifullyandexpensivelyservedthantheothers;
　　thesecondisforMastersofArts，Bachelors，somegentlemen，andeminentcitizens;thethirdforpeopleoflowcondition。Whiletherestareatdinnerorsupperinagreathall，wheretheyareallassembled，oneofthestudentsreadsaloudtheBible，whichisplacedonadeskinthemiddleofthehall，andthisofficeeveryoneofthemtakesuponhimselfinhisturn。Assoonasgraceissaidaftereachmeal，everyoneisatlibertyeithertoretiretohisownchambersortowalkintheCollegegarden，therebeingnonethathasnotadelightfulone。TheirhabitisalmostthesameasthatoftheJesuits，theirgownsreachingdowntotheirankles，sometimeslinedwithfur;theywearsquarecaps。Thedoctors，MastersofArts，andprofessors，haveanotherkindofgownthatdistinguishesthem。EverystudentofanyconsiderablestandinghasakeytotheCollegelibrary，fornocollegeiswithoutone。
　　Inanout-partofthetownaretheremainsofaprettylargefortification，butquiteinruins。Wewereentertainedatsupperwithanexcellentconcert，composedofavarietyofinstruments。
　　ThenextdaywewentasfarastheRoyalPalaceofWoodstock，whereKingEthelredformerlyheldaParliament，andenactedcertainlaws。
　　Thispalace，aboundinginmagnificence，wasbuiltbyHenryI。，towhichhejoinedaverylargepark，enclosedwithawall;accordingtoJohnRosse，thefirstparkinEngland。InthisverypalacethepresentreigningQueenElizabeth，beforeshewasconfinedtotheTower，waskeptprisonerbyhersisterMary。Whileshewasdetainedhere，intheutmostperilofherlife，shewrotewithapieceofcharcoalthefollowingverse，composedbyherself，uponawindowshutter：-
　　"OFortune！howthyrestlesswaveringstateHathfraughtwithcaresmytroubledwit！
　　WitnessthispresentprisonwhitherfateHathborneme，andthejoysIquit。
　　ThoucausedesttheguiltytobeloosedFrombandswherewithareinnocentsenclosed;
　　Causingtheguiltlesstobestraitreserved，Andfreeingthosethatdeathhadwelldeserved：
　　Butbyherenvycanbenothingwrought，SoGodsendtomyfoesalltheyhavethought。
　　A。D。，M。D。L。V。"
　　"Elizabeth，Prisoner。
　　Notfarfromthispalacearetobeseen，nearaspringofthebrightestwater，theruinsofthehabitationofRosamondClifford，whoseexquisitebeautysoentirelycaptivatedtheheartofKingHenryII。thathelostthethoughtofallotherwomen;sheissaidtohavebeenpoisonedatlastbytheQueen。Allthatremainsofhertombofstone，thelettersofwhicharealmostwornout，isthefollowing：-
　　"……Adorent，UtquetibideturrequiesRosamundaprecamur。"
　　Therhymingepitaphfollowingwasprobablytheperformanceofsomemonk：-
　　"HicjacetintumbaRosamundinonRosamunda，Nonredoletsedolet，quaeredoleresolet。"
　　ReturningfromhencetoOxford，afterdinnerweproceededonourjourney，andpassedthroughEwhelme，aroyalpalace，inwhichsomealms-peoplearesupportedbyanallowancefromtheCrown。
　　Nettlebed，avillage。
　　WewentthroughthelittletownofHenley;fromhencetheChilternHillsbearnorthinacontinuedridge，anddividethecountiesofOxfordandBuckingham。
　　WepassedMaidenhead。
　　Windsor，aroyalcastle，supposedtohavebeenbegunbyKingArthur，itsbuildingsmuchincreasedbyEdwardIII。Thesituationisentirelyworthyofbeingaroyalresidence，amorebeautifulbeingscarcetobefound;for，fromthebrowofagentlerising，itenjoystheprospectofanevenandgreencountry;itsfrontcommandsavalleyextendedeveryway，andchequeredwitharablelandsandpasturage，clothedupanddownwithgroves，andwateredbythatgentlestofrivers，theThames;behindriseseveralhills，butneithersteepnorveryhigh，crownedwithwoods，andseemingdesignedbyNatureherselfforthepurposeofhunting。
　　TheKingsofEngland，invitedbythedeliciousnessoftheplace，veryoftenretirehither;andherewasborntheconquerorofFrance，thegloriousKingEdwardIII。，whobuiltthecastlenewfromtheground，andthoroughlyfortifieditwithtrenches，andtowersofsquarestone，and，havingsoonaftersubduedinbattleJohn，KingofFrance，andDavid，KingofScotland，hedetainedthembothprisonershereatthesametime。Thiscastle，besidesbeingtheRoyalPalace，andhavingsomemagnificenttombsoftheKingsofEngland，isfamousfortheceremoniesbelongingtotheKnightsoftheGarter。ThisOrderwasinstitutedbyEdwardIII。，thesamewhotriumphedsoillustriouslyoverJohn，KingofFrance。TheKnightsoftheGarterarestrictlychosenfortheirmilitaryvirtues，andantiquityoffamily;theyareboundbysolemnoathandvowtomutualandperpetualfriendshipamongthemselves，andtothenotavoidinganydangerwhatever，orevendeathitself，tosupport，bytheirjointendeavours，thehonouroftheSociety;theyarestyledCompanionsoftheGarter，fromtheirwearingbelowtheleftkneeapurplegarter，inscribedinlettersofgoldwith"HONISOITQUIMALYPENSE，"I。E。，"Eviltohimthatevilthinks。"Thistheywearupontheleftleg，inmemoryofonewhich，happeningtountie，wasletfallbyagreatlady，passionatelybelovedbyEdward，whileshewasdancing，andwasimmediatelysnatchedupbytheKing，who，todohonourtothelady，notoutofanytriflinggallantry，butwithamostseriousandhonourablepurpose，dedicatedittothelegsofthemostdistinguishednobility。TheceremoniesofthisSocietyarecelebratedeveryyearatWindsoronSt。George’sDay，thetutelarsaintoftheOrder，theKingpresiding;andthecustomisthattheKnightsCompanionsshouldhanguptheirhelmetandshield，withtheirarmsblazonedonit，insomeconspicuouspartofthechurch。
　　TherearethreeprincipalandverylargecourtsinWindsorCastle，whichgivegreatpleasuretothebeholders：thefirstisenclosedwithmostelegantbuildingsofwhitestone，flat-roofed，andcoveredwithlead;heretheKnightsoftheGarterarelodged;inthemiddleisadetachedhouse，remarkableforitshightower，whichthegovernorinhabits。Inthisisthepublickitchen，wellfurnishedwithproperutensils，besidesaspaciousdining-room，whereallthepoorKnightseatatthesametable，forintothisSocietyoftheGarter，theKingandSovereignelects，athisownchoice，certainpersons，whomustbegentlemenofthreedescents，andsuchas，fortheirageandthestraitnessoftheirfortunes，arefitterforsayingtheirprayersthanfortheserviceofwar;toeachofthemisassignedapensionofeighteenpoundsperannumandclothes。Thechiefinstitutionofsomagnificentafoundationis，thattheyshouldsaytheirdailyprayerstoGodfortheKing’ssafety，andthehappyadministrationforthekingdom，towhichpurposetheyattendtheservice，meetingtwiceeverydayatchapel。Theleftsideofthiscourtisornamentedbyamostmagnificentchapelofonehundredandthirty-fourpacesinlength，andsixteeninbreadth;inthisareeighteenseatsfittedupinthetimeofEdwardIII。foranequalnumberofKnights：thisvenerablebuildingisdecoratedwiththenoblemonumentsofEdwardIV。，HenryVI。，andVIII。，andofhiswifeQueenJane。Itreceivesfromroyalliberalitytheannualincomeoftwothousandpounds，andthatstillmuchincreasedbythemunificenceofEdwardIII。andHenryVII。ThegreatestprincesinChristendomhavetakenitforthehighesthonourtobeadmittedintotheOrderoftheGarter;andsinceitsfirstinstitutionabouttwentykings，besidesthoseofEngland，whoarethesovereignsofit，nottomentiondukesandpersonsofthegreatestfigure，havebeenofit。Itconsistsoftwenty-sixCompanions。
　　Intheinwardchoirofthechapelarehungupsixteencoats-of-arms，swords，andbanners;amongwhicharethoseofCharlesV。andRodolphusII。，Emperors;ofPhilipofSpain;HenryIII。ofFrance;
　　FredericII。ofDenmark，&c。;ofCasimir，CountPalatineoftheRhine;andotherChristianprinceswhohavebeenchosenintothisOrder。
　　Inthebackchoir，oradditionalchapel，areshownpreparationsmadebyCardinalWolsey，whowasafterwardscapitallypunished，{12}forhisowntomb;consistingofeightlargebrazencolumnsplacedroundit，andnearerthetombfourothersintheshapeofcandlesticks;
　　thetombitselfisofwhiteandblackmarble;allwhicharereserved，accordingtoreport，forthefuneralofQueenElizabeth;
　　theexpensesalreadymadeforthatpurposeareestimatedatupwardsof60，000pounds。Inthesamechapelisthesurcoat{13}ofEdwardIII。，andthetombofEdwardFynes，EarlofLincoln，BaronClintonandSay，KnightoftheMostNobleOrderoftheGarter，andformerlyLordHighAdmiralofEngland。
　　ThesecondcourtofWindsorCastlestandsuponhigherground，andisenclosedwithwallsofgreatstrength，andbeautifiedwithfinebuildingsandatower;itwasanancientcastle，ofwhicholdannalsspeakinthismanner：KingEdward，A。D。1359，begananewbuildinginthatpartoftheCastleofWindsorwherehewasborn;forwhichreasonhetookcareitshouldbedecoratedwithlargerandfineredificesthantherest。InthispartwerekeptprisonersJohn，KingofFrance，andDavid，KingofScots，overwhomEdwardtriumphedatoneandthesametime：itwasbytheiradvice，struckwiththeadvantageofitssituation，andwiththesumspaidfortheirransom，thatbydegreesthiscastlestretchedtosuchmagnificence，astoappearnolongerafortress，butatownofproperextent，andinexpugnabletoanyhumanforce。ThisparticularpartofthecastlewasbuiltatthesoleexpenseoftheKingofScotland，exceptonetower，which，fromitshavingbeenerectedbytheBishopofWinchester，PrelateoftheOrder，iscalledWinchesterTower;{14}
　　thereareahundredstepstoit，soingeniouslycontrivedthathorsescaneasilyascendthem;itisahundredandfiftypacesincircuit;withinitarepreservedallmannerofarmsnecessaryforthedefenceoftheplace。
　　Thethirdcourtismuchthelargestofany，builtattheexpenseofthecaptiveKingofFrance;asitstandshigher，soitgreatlyexcelsthetwoformerinsplendourandelegance;ithasonehundredandforty-eightpacesinlength，andninety-seveninbreadth;inthemiddleofitisafountainofveryclearwater，broughtunderground，atanexcessiveexpense，fromthedistanceoffourmiles。
　　Towardstheeastaremagnificentapartmentsdestinedfortheroyalhousehold;towardsthewestisatennis-courtfortheamusementoftheCourt;onthenorthsidearetheroyalapartments，consistingofmagnificentchambers，halls，andbathing-rooms，{15}andaprivatechapel，theroofofwhichisembellishedwithgoldenrosesandFLEURS-DE-LIS：inthis，too，isthatverylargebanqueting-room，seventy-eightpaceslong，andthirtywide，inwhichtheKnightsoftheGarterannuallycelebratethememoryoftheirtutelarsaint，St。
　　George，withasolemnandmostpompousservice。
　　Fromhencerunsawalkofincrediblebeauty，threehundredandeightypacesinlength，setroundoneverysidewithsupportersofwood，whichsustainabalcony，fromwhencethenobilityandpersonsofdistinctioncantakethepleasureofseeinghuntingandhawkinginalawnofsufficientspace;forthefieldsandmeadows，cladwithvarietyofplantsandflowers，swellgraduallyintohillsofperpetualverdurequiteuptothecastle，andatbottomstretchoutinanextendedplain，thatstrikesthebeholderswithdelight。
　　Besideswhathasbeenalreadymentioned，thereareworthyofnoticeheretwobathing-rooms，ceiledandwainscotedwithlooking-glass;
　　thechamberinwhichHenryVI。wasborn;QueenElizabeth’sbedchamber，whereisatableofredmarblewithwhitestreaks;agalleryeverywhereornamentedwithemblemsandfigures;achamberinwhicharetheroyalbedsofHenryVII。andhisQueen，ofEdwardVI。，ofHenryVIII。，andofAnneBoleyn，allofthemelevenfeetsquare，andcoveredwithquiltsshiningwithgoldandsilver;QueenElizabeth’sbed，withcuriouscoveringsofembroidery，butnotquitesolongorlargeastheothers;apieceoftapestry，inwhichisrepresentedClovis，KingofFrance，withanangelpresentingtohimtheFLEURS-DE-LIStobeborneinhisarms;forbeforehistimetheKingsofFranceborethreetoadsintheirshield，insteadofwhichtheyafterwardsplacedthreeFLEURS-DE-LISonabluefield;thisantiquetapestryissaidtohavebeentakenfromaKingofFrance，whiletheEnglishweremastersthere。Wewereshownhere，amongotherthings，thehornofaunicorn，ofaboveeightspansandahalfinlength，valuedatabove10，000pounds;thebirdofparadise，threespanslong，threefingersbroad，havingabluebillofthelengthofhalfaninch，theupperpartofitsheadyellow，thenetherpartofa……colour;{16}alittlelowerfromeithersideofitsthroatstickoutsomereddishfeathers，aswellasfromitsbackandtherestofitsbody;itswings，ofayellowcolour，aretwiceaslongasthebirditself;fromitsbackgrowoutlengthwaystwofibresornerves，biggerattheirends，butlikeaprettystrongthread，ofaleadencolour，incliningtoblack，withwhich，asithasnotfeet，itissaidtofastenitselftotreeswhenitwantstorest;acushionmostcuriouslywroughtbyQueenElizabeth’sownhands。
　　IntheprecinctsofWindsor，ontheothersidetheThames，bothwhosebanksarejoinedbyabridgeofwood，isEton，awell-builtCollege，andfamousschoolforpoliteletters，foundedbyHenryVI。;
　　where，besidesamaster，eightfellowsandchanters，sixtyboysaremaintainedgratis。Theyaretaughtgrammar，andremainintheschooltill，upontrialmadeoftheirgeniusandprogressinstudy，theyaresenttotheUniversityofCambridge。
　　Aswewerereturningtoourinn，wehappenedtomeetsomecountrypeopleCELEBRATINGTHEIRHARVESTHOME;theirlastloadofcorntheycrownwithflowers，havingbesidesanimagerichlydressed，bywhich，perhaps，theywouldsignifyCeres;thistheykeepmovingabout，whilemenandwomen，menandmaidservants，ridingthroughthestreetsinthecart，shoutasloudastheycantilltheyarriveatthebarn。Thefarmersheredonotbinduptheircorninsheaves，astheydowithus，butdirectlyastheyhavereapedormowedit，putitintocarts，andconveyitintotheirbarns。
　　WewentthroughthetownofStaines。
　　HamptonCourt，aRoyalPalace，magnificentlybuiltwithbrickbyCardinalWolseyinostentationofhiswealth，whereheenclosedfiveveryamplecourts，consistingofnobleedificesinverybeautifulwork。OverthegateinthesecondareaistheQueen’sdevice，agoldenRose，withthismotto，"DieuetmonDroit："ontheinwardsideofthisgatearetheeffigiesofthetwelveRomanEmperorsinplaster。Thechiefareaispavedwithsquarestone;initscentreisafountainthatthrowsupwater，coveredwithagiltcrown，onthetopofwhichisastatueofJustice，supportedbycolumnsofblackandwhitemarble。Thechapelofthispalaceismostsplendid，inwhichtheQueen’sclosetisquitetransparent，havingitswindowofcrystal。Wewereledintotwochambers，calledthepresence，orchambersofaudience，whichshonewithtapestryofgoldandsilverandsilkofdifferentcolours：underthecanopyofstatearethesewordsembroideredinpearl，"VIVATHENRICUSOCTAVUS。"Hereisbesidesasmallchapelrichlyhungwithtapestry，wheretheQueenperformsherdevotions。Inherbedchamberthebedwascoveredwithverycostlycoverlidsofsilk：atnogreatdistancefromthisroomwewereshownabed，thetesterofwhichwasworkedbyAnneBoleyn，andpresentedbyhertoherhusbandHenryVIII。Alltheotherrooms，beingverynumerous，areadornedwithtapestryofgold，silver，andvelvet，insomeofwhichwerewovenhistorypieces;inothers，TurkishandAmericandresses，allextremelynatural。
　　Inthehallarethesecuriosities：
　　Averyclearlooking-glass，ornamentedwithcolumnsandlittleimagesofalabaster;aportraitofEdwardVI。，brothertoQueenElizabeth;thetrueportraitofLucretia;apictureofthebattleofPavia;thehistoryofChrist’spassion，carvedinmother-of-pearl;
　　theportraitsofMaryQueenofScots，whowasbeheaded，andherdaughter;{17}thepictureofFerdinand，PrinceofSpain，andofPhiliphisson;thatofHenryVIII。——underitwasplacedtheBiblecuriouslywrittenuponparchment;anartificialsphere;severalmusicalinstruments;inthetapestryarerepresentednegroesridinguponelephants。ThebedinwhichEdwardVI。issaidtohavebeenborn，andwherehismotherJaneSeymourdiedinchild-bed。Inonechamberwereseveralexcessivelyrichtapestries，whicharehungupwhentheQueengivesaudiencetoforeignambassadors;therewerenumbersofcushionsornamentedwithgoldandsilver;manycounterpanesandcoverlidsofbedslinedwithermine：inshort，allthewallsofthepalaceshinewithgoldandsilver。HereisbesidesacertaincabinetcalledParadise，wherebesidesthateverythingglitterssowithsilver，gold，andjewels，astodazzleone’seyes，thereisamusicalinstrumentmadeallofglass，exceptthestrings。
　　Afterwardswewereledintothegardens，whicharemostpleasant;
　　herewesawrosemarysoplantedandnailedtothewallsastocoverthementirely，whichisamethodexceedingcommoninEngland。
　　Kingston，amarkettown。
　　Nonesuch，aroyalretreat，inaplaceformerlycalledCuddington，averyhealthfulsituation，chosenbyKingHenryVIII。forhispleasureandretirement，andbuiltbyhimwithanexcessofmagnificenceandelegance，eventoostentation：onewouldimagineeverythingthatarchitecturecanperformtohavebeenemployedinthisonework。Thereareeverywheresomanystatuesthatseemtobreathesomanymiraclesofconsummateart，somanycaststhatrivaleventheperfectionofRomanantiquity，thatitmaywellclaimandjustifyitsnameofNonesuch，beingwithoutanequal;orasthepostsung-
　　"This，whichnoequalhasinartorfame，BritonsdeservedlydoNONESUCHname。"
　　Thepalaceitselfissoencompassedwithparksfullofdeer，deliciousgardens，grovesornamentedwithtrellis-work，cabinetsofverdure，andwalkssoembrownedbytrees，thatitseemstobeaplacepitcheduponbyPleasureherself，todwellinalongwithHealth。
　　Inthepleasureandartificialgardensaremanycolumnsandpyramidsofmarble，twofountainsthatspoutwateroneroundtheotherlikeapyramid，uponwhichareperchedsmallbirdsthatstreamwateroutoftheirbills。IntheGroveofDianaisaveryagreeablefountain，withActaeonturnedintoastag，ashewassprinkledbythegoddessandhernymphs，withinscriptions。
　　Thereisbesidesanotherpyramidofmarblefullofconcealedpipes，whichspurtuponallwhocomewithintheirreach。
　　ReturnedfromhencetoLondon。
　　ASHORTDESCRIPTIONOFENGLAND。
　　Britain，consistingofthetwokingdomsofEnglandandScotland，isthelargestislandintheworld，encompassedbytheocean，theGermanandFrenchseas。ThelargestandsouthernpartofitisEngland，sonamedfromtheAngli，whoquittingthelittleterritoryyetcalledAngelinthekingdomofDenmark，tookpossessionhere。
　　ItisgovernedbyitsownKing，whoownsnosuperiorbutGod。Itisdividedintothirty-ninecounties，towhichthirteeninWaleswereaddedbyHenryVIII。，thefirstwhodistributedthatprincipalityintocounties;overeachofthese，intimesofdanger，alordlieutenant，nominatedbytheKing，presideswithanunlimitedpower。
　　Everyyearsomegentleman，aninhabitantoftheplace，isappointedsheriff;hisofficeistocollectthepublicmoneys，toraisefines，ortomakeseizures，andaccountforittotheTreasury;toattenduponthejudges，andputtheirsentenceinexecution;toempanelthejury，whosituponfacts，andreturntheirverdicttothejudges（whoinEnglandareonlysuchofthelaw，andnotofthefact）;toconveythecondemnedtoexecution，andtodertermineinlessercauses，forthegreateraretriedbythejudges，formerlycalledtravellingjudgesofassize;thesegotheircircuitsthroughthecountiestwiceeveryyeartohearcauses，andpronouncesentenceuponprisoners。
　　Astoecclesiasticaljurisdiction，afterthePopeshadassignedachurchandparishtoeverypriest，Honorius，ArchbishopofCanterbury，abouttheyear636，begantodivideEnglandinthesamemannerintoparishes：asithastwoProvinces，soithastwoArchbishops：theoneofCanterbury，PrimateandMetropolitanofallEngland;theotherofYork：subjecttothesearetwenty-fivebishops，viz。，twenty-twotoCanterbury，theremainingthreetoYork。
　　Thesoilisfruitful，andaboundswithcattle，whichinclinestheinhabitantsrathertofeedingthanploughing，sothatnearathirdpartofthelandisleftuncultivatedforgrazing。Theclimateismosttemperateatalltimes，andtheairneverheavy，consequentlymaladiesarescarcer，andlessphysicisusedtherethananywhereelse。Therearebutfewrivers;thoughthesoilisproductive，itbearsnowine;butthatwantissuppliedfromabroadbythebestkinds，asofOrleans，Gascon，Rhenish，andSpanish。Thegeneraldrinkisbeer，whichispreparedfrombarley，andisexcellentlywelltasted，butstrong，andwhatsoonfuddles。Therearemanyhillswithoutonetree，oranyspring，whichproduceaveryshortandtendergrass，andsupplyplentyoffoodtosheep;uponthesewandernumerousflocks，extremelywhite，andwhetherfromthetemperatureoftheair，orgoodnessoftheearth，bearingsofterandfinerfleecesthanthoseofanyothercountry：thisisthetrueGoldenFleece，inwhichconsistthechiefrichesoftheinhabitants，greatsumsofmoneybeingbroughtintotheislandbymerchants，chieflyforthatarticleoftrade。Thedogshereareparticularlygood。Ithasminesofgold，silver，andtin（ofwhichallmanneroftableutensilsaremade，inbrightnessequaltosilver，andusedalloverEurope），oflead，andofiron，butnotmuchofthelatter。Thehorsesaresmallbutswift。Glasshousesareinplentyhere。
　　OFTHEMANNERSOFTHEENGLISH。
　　TheEnglishareserious，liketheGermans;loversofshow，likingtobefollowedwherevertheygobywholetroopsofservants，whoweartheirmasters’armsinsilver，fastenedtotheirleftarms，aridiculetheydeservedlylieunder。Theyexcelindancingandmusic，fortheyareactiveandlively，thoughofathickermakethantheFrench;theycuttheirhaircloseonthemiddleofthehead，lettingitgrowoneitherside;theyaregoodsailors，andbetterpirates，cunning，treacherousandthievish;abovethreehundredaresaidtobehangedannuallyatLondon;beheadingwiththemislessinfamousthanhanging;theygivethewallastheplaceofhonour;
　　hawkingisthegeneralsportofthegentry;theyaremorepoliteineatingthantheFrench，devouringlessbread，butmoremeat，whichtheyroastinperfection;theyputagreatdealofsugarintheirdrink;theirbedsarecoveredwithtapestry，eventhoseoffarmers;
　　theyareoftenmolestedwiththescurvy，saidtohavefirstcreptintoEnglandwiththeNormanConquest;theirhousesarecommonlyoftwostoreys，exceptinLondon，wheretheyareofthreeandfour，thoughbutseldomoffour;theyarebuiltofwood，thoseoftherichersortwithbricks;theirroofsarelow，and，wheretheownerhasmoney，coveredwithlead。
　　Theyarepowerfulinthefield，successfulagainsttheirenemies，impatientofanythinglikeslavery;vastlyfondofgreatnoisesthatfilltheear，suchasthefiringofcannon，drums，andtheringingofbells，sothatitiscommonforanumberofthem，thathavegotaglassintheirheads，togoupintothebelfry，andringthebellsforhourstogetherforthesakeofexercise。Iftheyseeaforeignerverywellmade，orparticularlyhandsome，theywillsay，"ItisapityheisnotanEnglishman！"
　　THEILLUSTRIOUSFAMILIESOFENGLAND
　　ThomasHoward，DukeofNorfolk，hereditaryMarshalofEngland：theduchyisextinctforrebellion，thelastdukebeingbeheaded。
　　Grey，DukeofSuffolk，attaintedunderQueenMary。
　　PhilipHoward，EarlofArundelinhismother’sright，andofSurreybyhisfather，sonoftheabovementionedDukeofNorfolk，hehimselfcondemnedforhightreason，andhistitlesforfeited。
　　EdwardVere，EarlofOxford，hereditaryChamberlainofEngland。
　　Percy，EarlofNorthumberland，descendedfromtheDukesofBrabant。
　　CharlesNevill，EarlofWestmoreland，banishedintoHolland，anddeprivedofhisfortunesanddignitiesforrebellion。
　　Talbot，EarlofShrewsbury。
　　Grey，EarlofKent，hasbutasmallestate。
　　Stanley，EarlofDerby，andKingofMan。
　　Manners，EarlofRutland。
　　Somerset，EarlofWorcester，descendedfromabastardoftheSomersetfamily，whichitselfisoftheroyalfamilyofthePlantagenets。
　　Clifford，EarlofCumberland。
　　Ratcliff，EarlofSussex。
　　Hastings，EarlofHuntingdon，ofthelineofYork，bythemother’sside。
　　Bourchier，EarlofBath。
　　AmbroseSutton，aliasDudley，EarlofWarwick，diedafewyearssince，childless。
　　Wriothesly，EarlofSouthampton。
　　Russell，EarlofBedford。
　　Herbert，EarlofPembroke。
　　EdwardSeymour，EarlofHertford，sonoftheDukeofSomerset，whowasbeheadedinthereignofEdwardVI。
　　RobertSutton，orDudley，EarlofLeicester，brotheroftheEarlofWarwick，diedafewyearsago。
　　Robertd’Evereux，EarlofEssex，andofEweinNormandy，createdhereditaryMarshalofEnglandin1598。
　　CharlesHoward，oftheNorfolkfamily，createdEarlofNottingham，1597，LordHighAdmiralofEngland，andPrivyCounsellor。
　　Fynes，EarlofLincoln。
　　Brown，ViscountMontacute。
　　Howard，oftheNorfolkfamily，ViscountBindon。
　　Nevill，BaronAbergavenny;thisbaronyiscontroverted。
　　Touchet，BaronAudley。
　　Zouch，BaronZouch。
　　PeregrineBertie，BaronWilloughbyofEresbyandBrooke，GovernorofBerwick。
　　Berkley，BaronBerkley，oftheancientfamilyoftheKingsofDenmark。
　　Parker，BaronMorley。
　　Dacre，BaronDacreofGyllesland：thisbaronyisvacant。
　　Dacre，BaronDacreoftheSouth：hediedfouryearssince，andthebaronydevolvedtohisdaughter。
　　Brook，BaronCobham，WardenoftheCinquePorts。
　　Stafford，BaronStafford，reducedtowant;heisheirtothefamilyoftheDukesofBuckingham，whowerehereditaryConstablesofEngland。
　　Gray，BaronGrayofWilton。
　　Scroop，BaronScroopofBoulton。
　　Sutton，BaronDudley。
　　Stourton，BaronStourton。
　　Nevill，BaronLatimer，diedsomeyearssincewithoutheirsmale;thetitlecontroverted。
　　Lumley，BaronLumley。
　　Blunt，BaronMontjoy。
　　Ogle，BaronOgle。
　　Darcy，BaronDarcy。
　　Parker，BaronMontegle，sonandheirofBaronMorley;hehasthisbaronyinrightofhismother，ofthefamilyofStanley。
　　Sandys，BaronSandys。
　　Vaux，BaronVaux。
　　Windsor，BaronWindsor。
　　Wentworth，BaronWentworth。
　　Borough，BaronBorough，reducedtowant。
　　BaronMordaunt。BaronEure。
　　BaronRich。BaronSheffield。
　　BaronNorth，PrivyCounsellor，andTreasureroftheHousehold。
　　BaronHunsdon，PrivyCounsellor，andLordChamberlain。
　　Sackville，BaronBuckhurst，PrivyCounsellor。
　　ThomasCecil，BaronBurleigh，sonoftheTreasurer。
　　Cecil，LordRoos，grandsonoftheTreasurer，yetachild：heholdsthebaronyinrightofhismother，daughtertotheEarlofRutland。
　　HowardofMaltravers，sonoftheEarlofArundel，notyetrestoredinblood。
　　BaronCheyny。
　　BaronCromwell。BaronWharton。
　　BaronWilloughbyofParham。
　　BaronPagett，inexile，attainted。
　　BaronChandois。BaronSt。John。
　　BaronDelaware：hisancestorstooktheKingofFranceprisoner。
　　BaronCompton，hassquanderedalmostallhissubstance。
　　BaronNorris。
　　ThomasHoward，secondsonoftheDukeofNorfolk，BaronAudleyofSaffronwalden，inhismother’sright。
　　William，thirdsonoftheDukeofNorfolk，isneitherabaron，noryetrestoredinblood。
　　Thusfarofnoblefamilies。
　　WesetoutfromLondoninaboat，andfelldowntheriver，leavingGreenwich，whichwehavespokenofbefore，ontherighthand。
　　Barking，atowninsightontheleft。
　　Gravesend，asmalltown，famousfortheconvenienceofitsport;thelargestDutchshipsusuallycallhere。Asweweretoproceedfartherfromhencebywater，wetookourlastleavehereofthenobleBohemianDavidStrziela，andhistutorTobiasSalander，ourconstantfellow-travellersthroughFranceandEngland，theydesigningtoreturnhomethroughHolland，weonasecondtourintoFrance;butitpleasedHeaventoputastoptotheirdesign，fortheworthyStrzielawasseizedwithadiarrhoeaafewdaysbeforeourdeparture，and，asweafterwardslearnedbylettersfromSalander，diedinafewdaysofaviolentfeverinLondon。
　　Queenborough：weleftthecastleonourright;alittlefartherwesawthefishingofoystersoutofthesea，whicharenowhereingreaterplentyorperfection;witnessOrteliusinhisEpitome，&c。
　　Whitstable;herewewentashore。
　　Canterbury;wecametoitonfoot;thisistheseatoftheArchbishop，PrimateofallEngland，averyancienttown，and，withoutdoubt，ofnoteinthetimeoftheRomans。
　　Herearetwomonasteriesalmostcontiguous，namelyofChristandSt。
　　Augustine，bothofthemoncefilledwithBenedictineMonks：theformerwasafterwardsdedicatedtoSt。ThomasaBecket，thenameofChristbeingobliterated;itstandsalmostinthemiddleofthetown，andwithsomuchmajestyliftsitself，anditstwotowers，toastupendousheight，that，asErasmussays，itstrikeseventhosewhoonlyseeitatadistancewithawe。
　　Inthechoir，whichisshutupwithironrails，arethefollowingmonuments：-
　　KingHenryIV。，withhiswifeJoanofNavarre，ofwhitemarble。
　　NicholasWootton，PrivyCounsellortoHenryVIII。，EdwardVI。，Mary，andElizabeth，KingsandQueensofEngland。
　　OfPrinceEdward，DukeofAquitaineandCornwall，andEarlofChester。
　　ReginaldPole，withthisinscription：
　　"TheremainsofReginaldPole，CardinalandArchbishopofCanterbury。"
　　CardinalChatillon。
　　Wewerethenshownthechairinwhichthebishopsareplacedwhentheyareinstalled。Inthevestibuleofthechurch，onthesouthside，standthestatuesofthreemenarmed，cutinstone，whoslewThomasaBecket，ArchbishopofCanterbury，madeasaintforthismartyrdom;theirnamesareadjoined-
　　Tusci，Fusci，Berri。{18}
　　Beingtiredwithwalking，werefreshedourselvesherewithamouthfulofbreadandsomeale，andimmediatelymountedpost-horses，andarrivedabouttwoorthreeo’clockinthemorningatDover。Inourwaytoit，whichwasroughanddangerousenough，thefollowingaccidenthappenedtous：ourguide，orpostillion，ayouth，wasbeforewithtwoofourcompany，aboutthedistanceofamusketshot;
　　we，bynotfollowingquickenough，hadlostsightofourfriends;wecameafterwardstowheretheroaddivided;ontherightitwasdown-
　　hillandmarshy，ontheleftwasasmallhill：whilstwestoppedhereindoubt，andconsultedwhichoftheroadsweshouldtake，wesawallonasuddenonourrighthandsomehorsemen，theirstature，dress，andhorsesexactlyresemblingthoseofourfriends;gladofhavingfoundthemagain，wedeterminedtosetonafterthem;butithappened，throughGod’smercy，thatthoughwecalledtothem，theydidnotanswerus，butkeptondownthemarshyroadatsucharate，thattheirhorses’feetstruckfireateverystretch，whichmadeus，withreason，begintosuspecttheywerethieves，havinghadwarningofsuch;orrather，thattheywerenocturnalspectres，who，aswewereafterwardstold，arefrequentlyseeninthoseplaces：therewerelikewiseagreatmanyJack-a-lanterns，sothatwewerequiteseizedwithhorrorandamazement！But，fortunatelyforus，ourguidesoonaftersoundedhishorn，andwe，followingthenoise，turneddowntheleft-handroad，andarrivedsafetoourcompanions;
　　who，whenwehadaskedthemiftheyhadnotseenthehorsemenwhohadgonebyus，answered，notasoul。Ouropinions，accordingtocustom，werevariousuponthismatter;butwhateverthethingwas，wewere，withoutdoubt，inimminentdanger，fromwhichthatweescaped，thegloryistobeascribedtoGodalone。
　　Dover，situatedamongcliffs（standingwheretheportitselfwasoriginally，asmaybegatheredfromanchorsandpartsofvesselsdugupthere），ismorefamousfortheconvenienceofitsport，whichindeedisnowmuchdecayed，anditspassagetoFrance，thanforeitheritseleganceorpopulousness：thispassage，themostusedandtheshortest，isofthirtymiles，which，withafavourablewind，mayberunoverinfiveorsixhours’time，asweourselvesexperienced;somereckonitonlyeighteentoCalais，andtoBoulognesixteenEnglishmiles，which，asOrteliussaysinhis"Theatrum，"
　　arelongerthantheItalian。
　　HerewasachurchdedicatedtoSt。MartinbyVictred，KingofKent，andahousebelongingtotheKnightsTemplars;ofeithertherearenownoremains。ItistheseatofasuffragantotheArchbishopofCanterbury，who，whentheArchbishopisemployeduponbusinessofmoreconsequence，managestheordinaryaffairs，butdoesnotinterferewiththearchiepiscopaljurisdiction。Uponahill，orratherrock，whichonitsrightsideisalmosteverywhereaprecipice，averyextensivecastlerisestoasurprisingheight，insizelikealittlecity，extremelywellfortified，andthick-setwithtowers，andseemstothreatentheseabeneath。MatthewPariscallsitthedoorandkeyofEngland;theordinarypeoplehavetakenintotheirheadsthatitwasbuiltbyJuliusCaesar;itislikelyitmightbytheRomans，fromthoseBritishbricksinthechapelwhichtheymadeuseofintheirfoundations。SeeCamden’s"Britannia。"
　　Afterwehaddined，wetookleaveofEngland。
　　FRAGMENTAREGALIA
　　OR，OBSERVATIONSONTHELATEQUEENELIZABETH，HERTIMES，AND
　　FAVOURITES。WRITTENBYSirRobertNaunton，MASTEROFTHECOURTOF
　　WARDS。A。D。1641。
　　Totakeherintheoriginal，shewasthedaughterofKingHenryVIII。byAnneBoleyn，thesecondofsixwiveswhichhehad，andoneofthemaidsofhonourtothedivorcedQueen，KatharineofAustria（or，asthenowstyled，InfantaofSpain），andfromthencetakentotheroyalbed。
　　Thatshewasofamostnobleandroyalextractbyherfatherwillnotfallintoquestion，foronthatsidewasdisemboguedintoherveins，byaconfluencyofblood，theveryabstractofallthegreatesthousesinChristendom：andremarkableitis，consideringthatviolentdesertionoftheRoyalHouseoftheBritonsbytheintrusionoftheSaxons，andafterwardsbytheconquestoftheNormans，that，throughvicissitudeoftimes，andafteradiscontinuancealmostofathousandyears，thesceptreshouldfallagainandbebroughtbackintotheoldregallineandtruecurrentoftheBritishblood，inthepersonofherrenownedgrandfather，KingHenryVII。，togetherwithwhatsoevertheGerman，Norman，Burgundian，Castilian，andFrenchachievements，withtheirintermarriages，whicheighthundredyearshadacquired，couldaddofglorythereunto。
　　Byhermothershewasofnosovereigndescent，yetnobleandveryancientinthefamilyofBoleyn;thoughsomeerroneouslybrandthemwithacitizen’sriseororiginal，whichwasyetbutofasecondbrother，who（asitwasdivineinthegreatnessandlustretocometohishouse）wassentintothecitytoacquirewealth，AD
　　AEDIFICANDAMANTIQUAMDOMUM，untowhoseachievements（forhewasLordMayorofLondon）fellin，asitisaverred，boththebloodandinheritanceoftheeldestbrotherforwantofissuemales，bywhichaccumulationthehousewithinfewdescentsmounted，INCULMEN
　　HONORIS，andwassuddenlydilatedinthebestfamiliesofEnglandandIreland：asHoward，Ormond，Sackville，andothers。
　　Havingthustouched，andnowleavingherstirp，Icometoherperson，andhowshecametothecrownbythedeceaseofherbrotherandsister。
　　UnderEdwardVI。shewashis，andoneofthedarlingsofFortune，for，besidestheconsiderationofblood，therewasbetweenthesetwoprincesaconcurrencyandsympathyoftheirnaturesandaffections，togetherwiththecelestialbond（confirmativereligion），whichmadethemone;fortheKingnevercalledherbyanyotherappellationbuthissweetestanddearestsister，andwasscarcehisownman，shebeingabsent;whichwasnotsobetweenhimandtheLadyMary。
　　Underhersister{19}shefoundherconditionmuchaltered;foritwasresolved，andherdestinyhaddecreedit，fortosetherapprenticeintheschoolofaffliction，andtodrawherthroughthatordeal-fireoftrial，thebettertomouldandfashionhertoruleandsovereignty：whichfinished，Fortunecallingtomindthatthetimeofherservitudewasexpired，gaveupherindentures，andtherewithdeliveredintohercustodyasceptreastherewardofherpatience;whichwasaboutthetwenty-sixthofherage：atimeinwhich，asforherinternalsgrownripe，andseasonedbyadversity，intheexerciseofhervirtue;for，itseems，Fortunemeantnomorebuttoshowherapieceofvarietyandchangeablenessofhernature，buttoconducthertoherdestiny，I。E。，felicity。
　　Shewasofpersontall，ofhairandcomplexionfair，andtherewithwellfavoured，buthigh-nosed;oflimbsandfeaturesneat;and，whichaddedtothelustreoftheseexternalgraces，ofastatelyandmajesticcomportment，participatinginthismoreofherfatherthanofhermother，whowasofaninferioralloy，plausible，or，astheFrenchhathit，moreDEBONAIREandaffable：virtueswhichmightwellsuitwithmajesty，andwhich，descendingashereditarytothedaughter，didrenderherofasweetertemper，andendearedhermoretotheloveandlikingofthepeople，whogaveherthenameandfameofamostgraciousandpopularprincess。
　　Theatrocityofthefather’snaturewasrebatedinherbythemother’ssweeterinclinations;for（totake，andthatnomorethanthecharacteroutofhisownmouth）HENEVERSPAREDMANINHIS
　　ANGER，NORWOMANINHISLUST。
　　Ifwesearchfartherintoherintellectualsandabilities，thewheel-courseofhergovernmentdeciphersthemtotheadmirationofposterity;foritwasfullofmagnanimity，temperedwithjustice，piety，andpity，and，tospeaktruth，notedbutwithoneactofstain，ortaint，allherdeprivations，eitheroflifeorliberty，beinglegalandnecessitated。Shewaslearned，hersexandtimeconsidered，beyondcommonbelief;forlettersaboutthistime，orsomewhatbefore，didbutbegintobeofesteemandinfashion，theformeragesbeingovercastwiththemistsandfogsoftheRoman{20}
　　ignorance;anditwasthemaximthatover-ruledtheforegoingtimes，thatIGNORANCEWASTHEMOTHEROFDEVOTION。Herwarswerealongtimemoreintheauxiliarypart，andassistanceofforeignprincesandstates，thanbyinvasionofany;tillcommonpolicyadvisedit，forasaferway，tostrikefirstabroad，thanathometoexpectthewar，inallwhichshewaseverfelicitousandvictorious。
　　Thechangeandalterationofreligionupontheinstantofheraccessiontothecrown（thesmokeandfireofhersister’smartyrdomsscarcelyquenched）wasnoneofherleastremarkableactions;butthesupportandestablishmentthereof，withthemeansofherownsubsistenceamidstsopowerfulenemiesabroad，andthosemanydomesticpractices，were，methinks，worksofinspiration，andofnohumanprovidence，which，onhersister’sdeparture，shemostreligiouslyacknowledged——ascribingthegloryofherdeliverancetoGodabove;forshebeingthenatHatfield，andunderaguard，andtheParliamentsittingattheself-sametime，atthenewsoftheQueen’sdeath，andherownproclamationbythegeneralconsentoftheHouseandthepublicsufferanceofthepeople，fallingonherknees，afteragoodtimeofrespiration，sheutteredthisverseofthePsalm：
　　"ADOMINOFACTUMESTISTUD，ETESTMIRABILEINOCULISNOSTRIS。"{21}
　　Andthiswefindtothisdayonthestampofhergold，withthisonhersilver：
　　"POSUIDEUMADJUTOREMMEUM。"{22}
　　HerministersandinstrumentsofState，suchaswerePARTICIPES
　　CURARUM，orboreagreatpartoftheburthen，wereMANY，andthoseMEMORABLE;buttheywereonlyFAVOURITES，andnotMINIONS;suchasactedmorebyHERprincelyrulesandjudgments，thanbytheirOWN
　　willsandappetites;forwesawnoGaveston，Vere，orSpencer，tohaveswayedalone，duringforty-fouryears，whichwasawell-settledandadvisedmaxim;foritvaluedherthemore，itawedthemostsecure，ittookbestwiththepeople，anditstavedoffallemulations，whichareapttoriseandventinobloquiousacrimonyevenagainsttheprince，wherethereisONEONLYadmittedintohighadministrations。