Howgaydidthefaceofnatureappear！Hills，valleys，chateaux，gardens，rivers，everyobjectworeit’sliveliesthue！Whencedidtheyborrowit?Fromthepresenceofourcharmingcompanion。Theywerepleasing，becausesheseemedpleased。Alone，thescenewouldhavebeendull&insipid：theparticipationofitwithhergaveitrelish。Letthegloomymonk，sequesteredfromtheworld，seekunsocialpleasuresinthebottomofhiscell！Letthesublimatedphilosophergraspvisionaryhappinesswhilepursuingphantomsdressedinthegarboftruth！Theirsupremewisdomissupremefolly；&theymistakeforhappinessthemereabsenceofpain。Hadtheyeverfeltthesolidpleasureofonegenerousspasmoftheheart，theywouldexchangeforitallthefrigidspeculationsoftheirlives，whichyouhavebeenvauntinginsuchelevatedterms。Believemethenmyfriend，thatthatisamiserablearithmeticwhichcouldestimatefriendshipatnothing，oratlessthannothing。Respectforyouhasinducedmetoenterintothisdiscussion，&tohearprinciplesutteredwhichIdetest&abjure。Respectformyselfnowobligesmetorecallyouintotheproperlimitsofyouroffice。Whennatureassignedusthesamehabitation，shegaveusoveritadividedempire。Toyousheallottedthefieldofscience；tomethatofmorals。Whenthecircleistobesquared，ortheorbitofacomettobetraced；whenthearchofgreateststrength，orthesolidofleastresistanceistobeinvestigated，takeuptheproblem；itisyours；
　　naturehasgivenmenocognizanceofit。Inlikemanner，indenyingtoyouthefeelingsofsympathy，ofbenevolence，ofgratitude，ofjustice，oflove，offriendship，shehasexcludedyoufromtheircontroul。Totheseshehasadaptedthemechanismoftheheart。
　　Moralsweretooessentialtothehappinessofmantoberiskedontheincertaincombinationsofthehead。Shelaidtheirfoundationthereforeinsentiment，notinscience。Thatshegavetoall，asnecessarytoall：thistoafewonly，assufficingwithafew。I
　　knowindeedthatyoupretendauthoritytothesovereigncontroulofourconductinallitsparts：&arespectforyourgravesaws&
　　maxims，adesiretodowhatisright，hassometimesinducedmetoconformtoyourcounsels。AfewfactshoweverwhichIcanreadilyrecalltoyourmemory，willsufficetoprovetoyouthatnaturehasnotorganizedyouforourmoraldirection。WhenthepoorweariedsouldierwhomweovertookatChickahomonywithhispackonhisback，beggedustolethimgetupbehindourchariot，youbegantocalculatethattheroadwasfullofsouldiers，&thatifallshouldbetakenupourhorseswouldfailintheirjourney。Wedroveontherefore。Butsoonbecomingsensibleyouhadmademedowrong，thatthowecannotrelieveallthedistressedweshouldrelieveasmanyaswecan，Iturnedabouttotakeupthesouldier；buthehadenteredabyepath，&wasnomoretobefound；&fromthatmomenttothisI
　　couldneverfindhimouttoaskhisforgiveness。Again，whenthepoorwomancametoaskacharityinPhiladelphia，youwhisperedthatshelookedlikeadrunkard，&thathalfadollarwasenoughtogiveherfortheale-house。Thosewhowantthedispositionstogive，easilyfindreasonswhytheyoughtnottogive。WhenIsoughtheroutafterwards，&didwhatIshouldhavedoneatfirst，youknowthatsheemployedthemoneyimmediatelytowardsplacingherchildatschool。Ifourcountry，whenpressedwithwrongsatthepointofthebayonet，hadbeengovernedbyit’sheadsinsteadofit’shearts，whereshouldwehavebeennow?HangingonagallowsashighasHaman’s。Youbegantocalculate&tocomparewealthandnumbers：wethrewupafewpulsationsofourwarmestblood；wesuppliedenthusiasmagainstwealthandnumbers；weputourexistencetothehazardwhenthehazardseemedagainstus，andwesavedourcountry：
　　justifyingatthesametimethewaysofProvidence，whosepreceptistodoalwayswhatisright，andleavetheissuetohim。Inshort，myfriend，asfarasmyrecollectionservesme，IdonotknowthatI
　　everdidagoodthingonyoursuggestion，oradirtyonewithoutit。
　　Idoforeverthendisclaimyourinterferenceinmyprovince。Fillpapersasyoupleasewithtriangles&squares：tryhowmanywaysyoucanhang&combinethemtogether。Ishallneverenvynorcontroulyoursublimedelights。Butleavemetodecidewhen&wherefriendshipsaretobecontracted。YousayIcontractthematrandom。
　　SoyousaidthewomanatPhiladelphiawasadrunkard。IreceivenooneintomyesteemtillIknowtheyareworthyofit。Wealth，title，office，arenorecommendationstomyfriendship。Onthecontrarygreatgoodqualitiesarerequisitetomakeamendsfortheirhavingwealth，title，&office。YouconfessthatinthepresentcaseI
　　couldnothavemadeaworthierchoice。YouonlyobjectthatIwassosoontolosethem。Wearenotimmortalourselves，myfriend；howcanweexpectourenjoymentstobeso?Wehavenorosewithoutit’sthorn；nopleasurewithoutalloy。Itisthelawofourexistence；&
　　wemustacquiesce。Itistheconditionannexedtoallourpleasures，notbyuswhoreceive，butbyhimwhogivesthem。True，thisconditionispressingcruellyonmeatthismoment。Ifeelmorefitfordeaththanlife。ButwhenIlookbackonthepleasuresofwhichitistheconsequence，IamconscioustheywereworththepriceIampaying。Notwithstandingyourendeavourstootodampmyhopes，I
　　comfortmyselfwithexpectationsoftheirpromisedreturn。Hopeissweeterthandespair，&theyweretoogoodtomeantodeceiveme。Inthesummer，saidthegentleman；butinthespring，saidthelady：&I
　　shouldloveherforever，wereitonlyforthat！Knowthen，myfriend，thatIhavetakenthesegoodpeopleintomybosom；thatI
　　havelodgedtheminthewarmestcellIcouldfind：thatIlovethem，&willcontinuetolovethemthroughlife：thatiffortuneshoulddisposethemononesidetheglobe，&meontheother，myaffectionsshallpervadeit’swholemasstoreachthem。Knowingthenmydetermination，attemptnottodisturbit。Ifyoucanatanytimefurnishmatterfortheiramusement，itwillbetheofficeofagoodneighbortodoit。IwillinlikemannerseizeanyoccasionwhichmayoffertodothelikegoodturnforyouwithCondorcet，Rittenhouse，Madison，LaCretelle，oranyotherofthoseworthysonsofsciencewhomyousojustlyprize。
　　Ithoughtthisafavorablepropositionwhereontoresttheissueofthedialogue。SoIputanendtoitbycallingformynight-cap。MethinksIhearyouwishtoheavenIhadcalledalittlesooner，&sosparedyoutheennuiofsuchasermon。IdidnotinterruptthemsoonerbecauseIwasinamoodforhearingsermons。
　　Youtoowerethesubject；&onsuchathesisIneverthinkthethemelong；notevenifIamtowriteit，andthatslowly&awkwardly，asnow，withthelefthand。Butthatyoumaynotbediscouragedfromacorrespondencewhichbeginssoformidably，Iwillpromiseyouonmyhonourthatmyfuturelettersshallbeofareasonablelength。I
　　willevenagreetoexpressbuthalfmyesteemforyou，forfearofcloyingyouwithtoofulladose。But，onyourpart，nocurtailing。
　　Ifyourlettersareaslongasthebible，theywillappearshorttome。Onlyletthembebrimfulofaffection。IshallreadthemwiththedispositionswithwhichArlequin，in_Lesdeuxbillets_speltthewords”_jet’aime_，”andwishedthatthewholealphabethadenteredintotheircomposition。
　　Wehavehadincessantrainssinceyourdeparture。Thesemakemefearforyourhealth，aswellasthatyouhadanuncomfortablejourney。Thesamecausehaspreventedmefrombeingabletogiveyouanyaccountofyourfriendshere。ThisvoyagetoFontainebleauwillprobablysendtheCountdeMoustier&theMarquisedeBrehantoAmerica。Danquervillepromisedtovisitme，buthasnotdoneitasyet。DelaTudecomessometimestotakefamilysoupwithme，&
　　entertainsmewithanecdotesofhisfive&thirtyyearsimprisonment。
　　HowfertileisthemindofmanwhichcanmaketheBastile&DungeonofVincennesyieldinterestinganecdotes！YouknowthiswasformakingfourversesonMmedePompadour。ButIthinkyoutoldmeyoudidnotknowtheverses。Theywerethese：_”Sansesprit，sanssentiment，Sansetrebelle，nineuve，EnFranceonpeutavoirlepremieramant：Pompadourenestl’epreuve。”_Ihavereadthememoirofhisthreeescapes。Astomyselfmyhealthisgood，exceptmywristwhichmendsslowly，&mymindwhichmendsnotatall，butbroodsconstantlyoveryourdeparture。ThelatenessoftheseasonobligesmetodeclinemyjourneyintothesouthofFrance。PresentmeinthemostfriendlytermstoMr。Cosway，&receivemeintoyourownrecollectionwithapartiality&awarmth，proportioned，nottomyownpoormerit，buttothesentimentsofsincereaffection&
　　esteemwithwhichIhavethehonourtobe，mydearMadam，yourmostobedienthumbleservant。
　　HOMER，NEWJERSEYFARMERS，ANDTHEWHEEL
　　_ToSt。JohndeCrevecoeur_
　　_Paris，January15，1787_
　　DEARSIR，——IseebytheJournalofthismorning，thattheyarerobbingusofanotherofourinventionstogiveittotheEnglish。Thewriter，indeed，onlyadmitsthemtohaverevivedwhathethinkswasknowntotheGreeks，thatis，themakingthecircumferenceofawheelofonesinglepiece。ThefarmersinNewJerseywerethefirstwhopractisedit，andtheypractiseditcommonly。Dr。Franklin，inoneofhistripstoLondon，mentionedthispracticetothemannowinLondon，whohasthepatentformakingthosewheels。Theideastruckhim。TheDoctorpromisedtogotohisshop，andassisthimintryingtomakethewheelofonepiece。TheJerseyfarmersdoitbycuttingayoungsapling，andbendingit，whilegreenandjuicy，intoacircle；andleavingitsountilitbecomesperfectlyseasoned。ButinLondontherearenosaplings。
　　Thedifficultywas，then，togivetooldwoodthepliancyofyoung。
　　TheDoctorandtheworkmanlaboredtogethersomeweeks，andsucceeded；andthemanobtainedapatentforit，whichhasmadehisfortune。IwasinhisshopinLondon，hetoldmethewholestoryhimself，andacknowledged，notonlytheoriginoftheidea，buthowmuchtheassistanceofDr。Franklinhadcontributedtoperformtheoperationondrywood。Hespokeofhimwithloveandgratitude。I
　　thinkIhavehadasimilaraccountfromDr。Franklin，butcannotbequitecertain。Iknow，thatbeinginPhiladelphiawhenthefirstsetofpatentwheelsarrivedfromLondon，andwerespokenofbythegentlemananEnglishmanwhobroughtthem，asawonderfuldiscovery，theideaofitsbeinganewdiscoverywaslaughedatbythePhiladelphians，who，intheirSundaypartiesacrosstheDelaware，hadseeneveryfarmer’scartmountedonsuchwheels。Thewriterinthepaper，supposestheEnglishworkmangothisideafromHomer。ButitismorelikelytheJerseyfarmergothisideafromthence，becauseoursaretheonlyfarmerswhocanreadHomer；because，too，theJerseypracticeispreciselythatstatedbyHomer：theEnglishpracticeverydifferent。Homer’swordsarecomparingayoungherokilledbyAjaxtoapoplarfelledbyaworkmanliterallythus：`Hefellontheground，likeapoplar，whichhasgrownsmooth，inthewestpartofagreatmeadow；withitsbranchesshootingfromitssummit。Butthechariotmaker，withhissharpaxe，hasfelledit，thathemaybendawheelforabeautifulchariot。Itliesdryingonthebanksoftheriver。’ObservethecircumstanceswhichcoincidewiththeJerseypractice。1。Itisatreegrowinginamoistplace，fullofjuicesandeasilybent。2。Itiscutwhilegreen。3。Itisbentintothecircumferenceofawheel。4。Itislefttodryinthatform。You，whowriteFrenchwellandreadily，shouldwritealinefortheJournal，toreclaimthehonorofourfarmers。Adieu。Yoursaffectionately，”THEPEOPLEARETHEONLYCENSORS……”
　　_ToEdwardCarrington_
　　_Paris，Jan。16，1787_
　　DEARSIR，——UncertainwhetheryoumightbeatNewYorkatthemomentofColo。Franks’sarrival，IhaveinclosedmyprivatelettersforVirginiaundercovertoourdelegationingeneral，whichotherwiseIwouldhavetakenthelibertytoincloseparticularlytoyou，asbestacquaintedwiththesituationofthepersonstowhomtheyareaddressed。ShouldthisfindyouatNewYork，Iwillstillaskyourattentiontothem。ThetwolargepackagesaddressedtoColo。N。Lewiscontainseeds，notvaluableenoughtopaypassage，butwhichIwouldwishtobesentbythestage，oranysimilarquickconveyance。TheletterstoColo。Lewis&Mr。Eppeswhotakecareofmyaffairsareparticularlyinterestingtome。ThepackageforColo。Richd。CaryourjudgeofAdmiraltynearHampton，containsseeds&roots，nottobesentbyPost。Whethertheyhadbettergobythestage，orbywater，youwillbethebestjudge。Ibegyourpardonforgivingyouthistrouble。Butmysituation&yourgoodnesswillI
　　hopeexcuseit。InmylettertoMr。Jay，IhavementionedthemeetingoftheNotablesappointedforthe29thinst。Itisnowputofftothe7thor8thofnextmonth。Thisevent，whichwillhardlyexciteanyattentioninAmerica，isdeemedherethemostimportantonewhichhastakenplaceintheircivillineduringthepresentcentury。Somepromisetheircountrygreatthingsfromit，somenothing。OurfrienddeLaFayettewasplacedonthelistoriginally。
　　Afterwardshisnamedisappeared；butfinallywasreinstated。Thisshewsthathischaracterhereisnotconsideredasanindifferentone；andthatitexcitesagitation。Hiseducationinourschoolhasdrawnonhimaveryjealouseyefromacourtwhoseprinciplesarethemostabsolutedespotism。ButIhopehehasnearlypassedhiscrisis。###第24章
　　TheKing，whoisagoodman，isfavorablydisposedtowardshim：&heissupportedbypowerfulfamilyconnections，&bythepublicgoodwill。HeistheyoungestmanoftheNotablesexceptonewhoseofficeplacedhimonthelist。
　　TheCountdeVergenneshaswithinthesetendayshadaverysevereattackofwhatisdeemedanunfixedgout。Hehasbeenwellenoughhowevertodobusinessto-day。Butanxietiesforhimarenotyetquieted。Heisagreat&goodminister，andanaccidenttohimmightendangerthepeaceofEurope。
　　ThetumultsinAmerica，IexpectedwouldhaveproducedinEuropeanunfavorableopinionofourpoliticalstate。Butithasnot。Onthecontrary，thesmalleffectofthesetumultsseemstohavegivenmoreconfidenceinthefirmnessofourgovernments。Theinterpositionofthepeoplethemselvesonthesideofgovernmenthashadagreateffectontheopinionhere。Iampersuadedmyselfthatthegoodsenseofthepeoplewillalwaysbefoundtobethebestarmy。Theymaybeledastrayforamoment，butwillsooncorrectthemselves。Thepeoplearetheonlycensorsoftheirgovernors：andeventheirerrorswilltendtokeepthesetothetrueprinciplesoftheirinstitution。Topunishtheseerrorstooseverelywouldbetosuppresstheonlysafeguardofthepublicliberty。Thewaytopreventtheseirregularinterpositionsofthepeopleistogivethemfullinformationoftheiraffairsthro’thechannelofthepublicpapers，&tocontrivethatthosepapersshouldpenetratethewholemassofthepeople。Thebasisofourgovernmentsbeingtheopinionofthepeople，theveryfirstobjectshouldbetokeepthatright；
　　andwereitlefttometodecidewhetherweshouldhaveagovernmentwithoutnewspapersornewspaperswithoutagovernment，Ishouldnothesitateamomenttopreferthelatter。ButIshouldmeanthateverymanshouldreceivethosepapers&becapableofreadingthem。IamconvincedthatthosesocietiesastheIndianswhichlivewithoutgovernmentenjoyintheirgeneralmassaninfinitelygreaterdegreeofhappinessthanthosewholiveundertheEuropeangovernments。
　　Amongtheformer，publicopinionisintheplaceoflaw，&restrainsmoralsaspowerfullyaslawseverdidanywhere。Amongthelatter，underpretenceofgoverningtheyhavedividedtheirnationsintotwoclasses，wolves&sheep。Idonotexaggerate。ThisisatruepictureofEurope。Cherishthereforethespiritofourpeople，andkeepalivetheirattention。Donotbetoosevereupontheirerrors，butreclaimthembyenlighteningthem。Ifoncetheybecomeinattentivetothepublicaffairs，you&I，&Congress&Assemblies，judges&governorsshallallbecomewolves。Itseemstobethelawofourgeneralnature，inspiteofindividualexceptions；andexperiencedeclaresthatmanistheonlyanimalwhichdevourshisownkind，forIcanapplynomildertermtothegovernmentsofEurope，andtothegeneralpreyoftherichonthepoor。Thewantofnewshasledmeintodisquisitioninsteadofnarration，forgettingyouhaveeverydayenoughofthat。Ishallbehappytohearfromyousometimes，onlyobservingthatwhateverpassesthro’thepostisread，&thatwhenyouwritewhatshouldbereadbymyselfonly，youmustbesogoodastoc-KanbaAPp点com-onfideyourlettertosomepassengerorofficerofthepacket。Iwillaskyourpermissiontowritetoyousometimes，andtoassureyouoftheesteem&respectwithwhichI
　　havehonourtobeDearSiryourmostobedient&mosthumbleservt。
　　REBELLION，SECESSION，ANDDIPLOMACY
　　_ToJamesMadison_
　　_Paris，Jan。30，1787_
　　DEARSIR，——Mylasttoyouwasofthe16thofDec，sincewhichIhavereceivedyoursofNov25，&Dec4，whichaffordedme，asyourlettersalwaysdo，atreatonmatterspublic，individual&
　　oeconomical。IamimpatienttolearnyoursentimentsonthelatetroublesintheEasternstates。SofarasIhaveyetseen，theydonotappeartothreatenseriousconsequences。Thosestateshavesufferedbythestoppageofthechannelsoftheircommerce，whichhavenotyetfoundotherissues。Thismustrendermoneyscarce，andmakethepeopleuneasy。Thisuneasinesshasproducedactsabsolutelyunjustifiable；butIhopetheywillprovokenoseveritiesfromtheirgovernments。Aconsciousnessofthoseinpowerthattheiradministrationofthepublicaffairshasbeenhonest，mayperhapsproducetoogreatadegreeofindignation：andthosecharacterswhereinfearpredominatesoverhopemayapprehendtoomuchfromtheseinstancesofirregularity。Theymayconcludetoohastilythatnaturehasformedmaninsusceptibleofanyothergovernmentbutthatofforce，aconclusionnotfoundedintruth，norexperience。Societiesexistunderthreeformssufficientlydistinguishable。1。Withoutgovernment，asamongourIndians。2。Undergovernmentswhereinthewillofeveryonehasajustinfluence，asisthecaseinEnglandinaslightdegree，andinourstates，inagreatone。3。Undergovernmentsofforce：asisthecaseinallothermonarchiesandinmostoftheotherrepublics。Tohaveanideaofthecurseofexistenceundertheselast，theymustbeseen。Itisagovernmentofwolvesoversheep。Itisaproblem，notclearinmymind，thatthe1stconditionisnotthebest。ButIbelieveittobeinconsistentwithanygreatdegreeofpopulation。Thesecondstatehasagreatdealofgoodinit。Themassofmankindunderthatenjoysapreciousdegreeofliberty&happiness。Ithasit’sevilstoo：theprincipalofwhichistheturbulencetowhichitissubject。Butweighthisagainsttheoppressionsofmonarchy，anditbecomesnothing。_Malopericulosamlibertatemquamquietamservitutem_。Eventhisevilisproductiveofgood。Itpreventsthedegeneracyofgovernment，andnourishesageneralattentiontothepublicaffairs。Iholditthatalittlerebellionnowandthenisagoodthing，&asnecessaryinthepoliticalworldasstormsinthephysical。Unsuccessfulrebellionsindeedgenerallyestablishtheencroachmentsontherightsofthepeoplewhichhaveproducedthem。Anobservationofthistruthshouldrenderhonestrepublicangovernorssomildintheirpunishmentofrebellions，asnottodiscouragethemtoomuch。Itisamedicinenecessaryforthesoundhealthofgovernment。Ifthesetransactionsgivemenouneasiness，Ifeelverydifferentlyatanotherpieceofintelligence，towit，thepossibilitythatthenavigationoftheMississippimaybeabandonedtoSpain。IneverhadanyinterestWestwardoftheAlleghaney；&Ineverwillhaveany。ButIhavehadgreatopportunitiesofknowingthecharacterofthepeoplewhoinhabitthatcountry。AndIwillventuretosaythattheactwhichabandonsthenavigationoftheMississippiisanactofseparationbetweentheEastern&Westerncountry。ItisarelinquishmentoffivepartsoutofeightoftheterritoryoftheUnitedStates，anabandonmentofthefairestsubjectforthepaimentofourpublicdebts，&thechainingthosedebtsonourownnecks_inperpetuum_。I
　　havetheutmostconfidenceinthehonestintentionsofthosewhoconcurinthismeasure；butIlamenttheirwantofacquaintancewiththecharacter&physicaladvantagesofthepeoplewho，rightorwrong，willsupposetheirinterestssacrificedonthisoccasiontothecontraryinterestsofthatpartoftheconfederacyinpossessionofpresentpower。Iftheydeclarethemselvesaseparatepeople，weareincapableofasingleefforttoretainthem。Ourcitizenscanneverbeinduced，eitherasmilitiaorassouldiers，togotheretocutthethroatsoftheirownbrothers&sons，orrathertobethemselvesthesubjectsinsteadoftheperpetratorsoftheparricide。
　　Norwouldthatcountryrequitethecostofbeingretainedagainstthewillofit’sinhabitants，coulditbedone。Butitcannotbedone。
　　TheyareablealreadytorescuethenavigationoftheMississippioutofthehandsofSpain，&toaddNewOrleanstotheirownterritory。
　　TheywillbejoinedbytheinhabitantsofLouisiana。Thiswillbringonawarbetweenthem&Spain；andthatwillproducethequestionwithuswhetheritwillnotbeworthourwhiletobecomepartieswiththeminthewar，inordertoreunitethemwithus，&thuscorrectourerror?&wereItopermitmyforebodingstogoonestepfurther，I
　　shouldpredictthattheinhabitantsoftheUSwouldforcetheirrulerstotaketheaffirmativeofthatquestion。IwishImaybemistakeninalltheseopinions。
　　WehaveforsometimeexpectedthattheChevalierdelaLuzernewouldobtainapromotioninthediplomaticline，bybeingappointedtosomeofthecourtswherethiscountrykeepsanambassador。Butnoneofthevacanciestakingplacewhichhadbeencountedon，IthinkthepresentdispositionistorequirehisreturntohisstationinAmerica。Hetoldmehimselflately，thatheshouldreturninthespring。Ihaveneverpressedthismatteronthecourt，tho’Iknewittobedesirableanddesiredonourpart；becauseifthecompulsiononhimtoreturnhadbeentheworkofCongress，hewouldhavereturnedinsuchilltemperwiththem，astodisappointtheminthegoodtheyexpectedfromit。Hewouldforeverhavelaidattheirdoorhisfailureofpromotion。Ididnotpressitforanotherreason，whichisthatIhavegreatreasontobelievethatthecharacteroftheCountdeMoustier，whowouldgoweretheChevaliertobeotherwiseprovidedfor，wouldgivethemostperfectsatisfactioninAmerica。
　　AsyouarenowreturnedintoCongressitwillbecomeofimportancethatyoushouldformajustestimateofcertainpubliccharacters：onwhichthereforeIwillgiveyousuchnotesasmyknolegeofthemhasfurnishedmewith。Youwillcomparethemwiththematerialsyouareotherwisepossessedof，anddecideonaviewofthewhole。YouknowtheopinionI_formerly_entertainedof_myfriendMr_。_Adams_。Yourself&thegovernorwerethefirstwho_shook_thatopinion。Iafterwardssawproofswhich_convictedhim_
　　ofadegreeof_vanity_，andofa_blindness_toit，ofwhichnogerm_hadappeared_inCongress。A7-_month’s_intimacywithhim_here_
　　and_as_many_weeks_in_London_havegivenmeopportunitiesofstudyinghimclosely。_Heisvain，__irritableandabadcalculatorof_theforce&probableeffectofthemotiveswhichgovernmen。
　　Thisis_all_the_ill_whichcanpossiblybe_saidofhim_。Heisasdisinterestedasthebeingwhichmadehim：heisprofoundinhisviews：andaccurateinhisjudgment_exceptwhereknowledgeoftheworld_isnecessarytoformajudgment。Heissoamiable，thatI
　　pronounceyouwilllovehim，ifeveryoubecomeacquaintedwithhim。
　　Hewouldbe，ashewas，agreatmanin_Congress_。_Mr_。
　　_Carmichael_，is，Ithink，verylittle_known_in_America_。Inever_sawhim_，&whileIwas_inCongressI_formedrathera_disadvantageousidea_ofhim。Hisletters，receivedthen，showedhim_vain_，&moreattentiveto_ceremony&etiquette_thanwesupposemen_ofsense_shouldbe。_I_havenowaconstantcorrespondencewithhim，andfind_him_alittle_hypochondriac_and_discontented_。Hepossessesvery_goodunderstanding_，tho’notofthe_firstorder_。_Ihave_hadgreatopportunitiesof_searchinginto_his_character_，andhaveavailedmyself_ofthem_。Manypersonsofdifferentnations，_coming_from_Madrid_to_Paris_，allspeakof_himas_in_highesteem_，&_Ithink_itcertainthathehasmoreofthe_CountdeFloridaBlanca’sfriendship_，thanany_diplomatic_characterat_thatcourt_。Aslongasthis_minister_
　　isin_office_，_Carmichael_cando_morethan_anyother_personwho_couldbe_sentthere_。Youwillsee_Franks_，_and_doubtlesshewillbe_askingsomeappointment_。Iwishtheremaybeanyonefor_which_heis_fit_。Heis_light，indiscreet，active，honest，affectionate_。Tho’_Bingham_isnotin_diplomaticoffice_，yetashewishestobeso，Iwillmentionsuchcircumstancesof_him_，_asyoumight_otherwisebe_deceivedin_。_Hewill_make_youbelievehe_wasonthemostintimatefootingwiththefirst_charactersinEurope_，&versedinthe_secrets_ofevery_cabinet_。Notawordofthis_istrue_。_He_hadarageforbeing_presented_to_greatmen_，&hadno_modesty_inthemethodsbywhichhecouldif_heattainedacquaintance_。Afterwardsitwaswithsuch90whoweresusceptibleofimpressionfromthe_beautyofhiswife_。Imust_except_theMarquisdeBonclearrenwhohadbeenan_oldacquaintance_。
　　The_MarquisdeLaFayette_isamostvaluable_auxiliarytome_。His_zeal_isunbounded，&his_weight_withthosein_power_，_great_。His_education_havingbeenmerely_military_，_commerce_
　　wasanunknownfieldtohim。Buthisgoodsenseenablinghimto_comprehend_perfectlywhateveris_explainedtohim_，_hisagency_
　　hasbeenvery_efficacious_。_He_hasagreatdealof_soundgenius_，iswell_remarked_bythe_King_，&risingin_popularity_。