Bythe23rdAprilallmymenhadarrangedgardensparallelwiththelinesoftheircamp。Igavethemvariousseeds，withapromiseofprizesforthefinestspecimensofvegetablesthatmightbeproduced。Ihadalwaysendeavouredtocreateatasteforagricultureamongmypeople，andtheyhadnowlearntthatthecommencementofanewsettlementwasthesignalforcultivation。Ibelievethatnoemploymentengenderssuchaloveofaparticularlocalityasthatoffarming，providedalwaysthatthesoilandclimatearefavourable。Thus，inanexpeditiontoadistantland，itisnecessarytoinducethefeelingsofHOMEamongthepeople。
　　Thehutbyitselfissimplyshelter，butthesamehutsurroundedbyaneatandproductivegarden，theresultofindustry，becomesasettledresidence。Itispleasanttowatchtheblossomsofhomeflowersandvegetablesthatyoumayhaveyourselfintroducedandplanted。AgoodEnglishcabbageorcarrotmaynotbeintroducedinpoetrysogenerallyastherose，butinanewsettlementinawildcountry，thesuccessofacabbageorcarrotisofmoreimportancetotheexpeditionthanbouquetsofflowers。
　　Eventhewomenandboysthatweredomesticservants，originallyslavesthatIhadliberatedfromthetraders，hadlearnttotakeagreatinterestincultivation。Eachhadagarden，andadayneverpassedwithoutpermissionbeingaskedforafewhours’recreationwiththespadeorhoe，thelatterbeingthefavouriteimplement，asthewantofshoesrenderedthemanagementofthespadeextremelydifficult，exceptinverylightsoil。
　　Ibelievethatatasteforgardeninghasamostcivilizinginfluenceamongsavages；andifIwereamissionary，Ishouldcommencewithsuchpracticalteaching，thusprovinginyourjointlabourwiththenativestheprinciplethatindustryandpeacewillcreateprosperity。
　　Afewextractsfrontmyjournalwilldescribethegradualprogressofthesettlement：”Mr。Higginbothamshotawaterbuckduringanexploratoryramblethatwetookthroughtheforest，insearchoflargetimberforbuildingpurposes。Themainforestbeginsabouttwomilesfromthisstation，inwhichisanunlimitedsupplyofwood，includingthemostmagnificenttamarind-trees。Thesebeautifulspecimensaredottedaboutthecountry，likeparktimberinEngland。Thereisatamarind-treeaboutamilefromthisstation，beneathwhichaboutathousandcattlemightfindshade。ItmustberememberedthattheBaricattleareverysmall。”Thereisanative，namedTomby，whospeaksexcellentArabic。ThisfellowhasbeentwicetoKhartoum，andhewearsclothes，insteadofwalkingaboutinastateofabsolutenuditylikehiscountrymen。Hehasanexcellentriflethatwasgiventohimbyhisoldmaster，aFrenchtrader，MonsieurBartholome。Tombyhasbeenemployedasinterpreter；andhavingbeenbornandbredintheseparts，heisaperfectchronicler。ItappearsthatAbouSaoodtreacherouslymurderedthesheikofBelinian，acountryabouttwelvemilesdistantfromthisstation。HefearedthesheikofBelinian，whowasapowerfulneighbour：hetherefore，professingfriendship，invitedhimandhisfamilytoanentertainmentatGondokoro。Thesheikandhispeople，notsuspectingevil，arrived，bringingwiththemtheusualpresents。AbouSaoodreceivedthemverypolitely，andwhentheywereseated，andhadenteredintoconversation，hehadthemseizedbyhispeople，andmurderedthemonthespotincoldblood。Owingtothistreacherousconduct，theentireneighbourhoodishostile，andanarchyprevailsthroughoutthecountry；thusIcannotsendalettertothetraders’campatLatooka，asnoonedarestotravel。”April24——Thermometer，6A。M。，74degreesF；noon，fellto72degreesF。Wehadapicnicattheoldmissionstation，whereIwentaccompaniedbyLieutenantBaker，Mr。Higginbotham，andmywife，tomeasureoutthecampandfort。AsusualinEngland，thepicnicbroughtonheavyrain，whichlastedfrom9。30a。m。till2p。m。，tothegreatbenefitofthegarden。”April25——Thermometer，6A。M。，69degreesF；noon，80degreesF。Wecompletedthelargegarden；thesoldiers’allotmentsarealsocomplete。
　　Thecampofthe”FortyThieves”isveryneat；aspiritofindustryhasseizeduponthewholeparty。Thewomenhavemadegardensaroundtheirhuts，andagricultureappearstobetheprevailingfashion。Iamsurroundingthecultivationwithalivefenceofeuphorbia。Julianhasbeenunwellforsometimepast。”Thenativesappeartohavegainedconfidence，astheyarebringingtheircattleacrosstheriverfromtheislandstoourfinepasturage。Itiscurioustoseethemannerinwhichtheherdfollowsthemanwhoswimsbeforethemastheirguide，whileothernativesdirectthemwhileswimmingbystrikingthemuponthehornswithlongbamboos。”Yesterdaytheriverroseabouttwofeet，butitfellalmostassuddenly，showingthattherisewasonlytheeffectoftheheavyrainuponthemountainrangesthroughoutthecountry。”Oneoftheboys，Said，caughtthreefish，weighingabouteight，ten，andtwentypoundseach。ThesewereoftheSilurasspecies，andareexcellenteating。”Thewhiteantsarenowissuingfromthegroundinvastnumbersinthewingedstate，andaretakingflight。Myriadsoftheblackandwhiteternandthewhitestorksarefollowingthem。Thelizardsarealsoatworkinthegeneralpersecution。”April26，27——Madenewgardenbeds。Alltheseedssownbythetroopsareaboveground，tothegreatdelightofthemen。WeclearedandsowedaboutanacrewithIndiancornto-day。”
　　Wethuscontinuedworkingandimproving，untilwehadinacomparativelyshorttimeproducedagreatresult。Abouttenacresofcornwereaboveground，asafewshowershadstartedtheseedslikemagic。Mymenwerecomfortablyhousedinaneatstationonthehighground，whilemyservantshadaprettylittlevillageoftheirownsituatedontheknoll，bytheriverside，aboutfiftyyardsfrommydiahbeeah。Thisvesselwasmooredalongsidethebank，thefinegrassofwhichwaskeptcloselycut，soastoresemblealawn，thatextendedforaboutthirtyyards；thiswasboundedbypricklypearsandornamentedbyalargeandshowybutter-nut-tree，whichformedourout-doordrawingroom。
　　Itwasallverywelltoestablishagovernment，andtocommencethecivilizationofCentralAfrica，butwewereveryhungry，andwecouldprocurenothingfromthenatives。Wehadnobutchers’meat，neitherwouldtheSheikAllorronorhispeopleselluseithersheeporcattle。
　　Forseveraldaysweliveduponsparrows，whichMonsoorshotbysprinklingcornuponthegroundandfiringintotheassembledflockofhundreds。Thecountrywasswarmingwiththesesmallbirds，whicharenodoubtdelicacies；butifyouhaveagoodappetitetheyarealittletoolightonthestomach。Inthemeantime，althoughthenativescouldnowventuretodrivetheircattletotherichpasturageunderourprotection，whichtheycouldnotbeforeenjoyforfearoftheirenemiestheLoquia，theyabsolutelyrefusedtosell，ortosupplyusinanymanner。InspiteofmyexplanationstothesheikbytheinterpreterTomby，herefusedtobringeithergrassorwoodfortheexpectedsoldiers’huts，orinfacttodoanythingtoserveus。
　　Upononeoccasion，asmymenweresowingandclearingthelandforplanting，heemployednativestoworkatthesamekindofcultivationinfrontofthetroops，inordertoclaimarighttothesoil。Onthisoccasionhecamehimself，preparedwithacupformedofasmallgourd-shellslungbyastringuponhisneck。Heexplainedthatthiswashiscupfordrinkingaraki，withwhichherequestedtobesupplied。”Howlongareyougoingtoremainhere?”heasked。Hecontinued，”YouhadbettergobacktoKhartoum，andIwilleatthecornyouhaveplantedwhenitbecomesripe。”
　　IexplainedthatGondokorowouldbehead-quarters，andthattroopswouldalwaysremainthere，andweshouldcultivatealargeextentforcorn。Hereplied：”Thenwhodoesthislandbelongto?——toyouortome?”I
　　explainedthathispeoplehadbeendrivenoutbyasuperiorforce，andthatwehadfounditabandoned；atthesametime，neitherhenorhispeopledareremainherewithoutmyprotection，thereforethelandbelongedtotheKhediveofEgypt；butifthenativeswishedtore-settleIwouldgivethemtheiroriginalproperty。
　　Hesimplyreplied，”Whodoesthistreebelongto?”wewerestandingbeneathitsshade。”ItbelongstotheKhediveofEgypt，”Ireplied，”whoisnowprotectorofthewholecountry，andIamhisrepresentativetoestablishhisgovernment。”
　　Hereplied：”ThenyouhadbetterbeofftoKhartoum，forwedon’twantanygovernmenthere。”
　　Therecanbenodoubtthatintheabstractofpeople’srights，anyannexationoftheterritoryofanotherisaninfringement。Hadthisprinciplebeenadheredtothroughoutthehistoryoftheworld，therewouldhavebeennoprogress。Savagesofallcountriesarepronetostrife；andastateofchronicwarfarewithneighbouringtribesistheexampleofAfricanpolitics。Astronggovernmentisanecessity。
　　IhadalwaysexpectedtroublewiththeBaris，asIhadknownthemduringmyformerjourneyasatribeofintractablesavages。TheAustrianmissionarieshadabandonedthemashopeless，aftermanyeffortsandagreatexpenditureofmoneyandenergy。
　　Thenativeshadpulleddowntheneatmissionhouse，andtheyhadpoundedandgroundthebrightredbricksintothefinestpowder，whichmixedwithgreaseformedapainttosmeartheirnakedbodies。Thustheonlyresultsofmanyyears’teachingwerethedeathofmanynoblemen，thelossofmoney，thefailureoftheattempt；andinsteadoftheenterpriseleavingalegacyofinwardspiritualgracetothese”menandbrethren，”
　　themissionaryestablishmentitselfwasconvertedintoanexternalapplicationfortheskin：thehouseofGodwasturnedinto”pomadedivine。”ThiswasaresultthatmighthavebeenexpectedbyanypersonwhohadpracticalexperienceoftheBaris。
　　Theextentofcountryoccupiedbythistribewasaboutninetymilesinlengthfromnorthtosouth，andseventyinwidth。AlthoughthepeoplewhoinhabitedthisdistrictwereallBaris，therewasnocohesionamongthem。Theyweredividedintonumeroussmallchiefdoms，eachgovernedbyitssheikorheadman。ThusAllorronrepresentedGondokoro，whileeverypettydistrictwasdirectedbyasimilarsheik。TheBaricountrywasthicklyinhabited。Thegeneralfeaturesofthelandscapewererollingpark-likegrasslands；——verylittleactualflat，butaseriesofundulations，ornamentedwithexceedinglyfinetimber-forestsofconsiderableextent，andmountainsrisingtoabout2，500or3，000feetabovetheirbase。FromthesemountainsnumerousstreamsdrainedtotheNile：theseweregenerallydryinthesummerseason。ThesoilwaspoorintheneighbourhoodofGondokoro，butatadistancefromtheriver，thecountrywasfertile；therockswerethroughoutgranitic；themountainsyieldedthefinestironore，especiallythoseofBelinian，twelvemilesfromGondokoro，wherethenativeswereexpertblacksmiths。Cultivationwascarriedontoalargeextentthroughoutthecountry；thecorngenerallyusedwasthecommondhurraSorghumvulgare。Thiswasusuallythedark-redvariety，which，beingratherbitter，hasachanceofescapefromthecloudsofsmallbirdswhichruinthecrops。SesamewascommonthroughoutallportionsofCentralAfrica，andthrovewelluponthepoorandlightsoilofGondokoro。
　　TheBariswereexceedinglyneatintheirdwellings，andtheirvillageswereinnumerable。Eachhutwassurroundedbyasmallcourtcomposedofcementmadefromtheclayofthewhite-anthillsmixedwithcow-dungandsmearedwithashes：thesecourtswerealwayskeptscrupulouslyclean。
　　TheBarihutdiffersfromthatofothertribes，asitcontainsaninnercircle，whichcanonlybeusedbycreepingonthehandsandknees-firstthroughtheentrance，whichisonlytwenty-fourincheshigh，andsecondlyfromthepassageformedbytheinnercircle。Theinnerwallsareformedofwattlesandclayneatlysmearedorplasteredwithcement。
　　Theyarequicklyattackedbythewhiteants，whichdestroythewattles，buttheclayissufficientlytenacioustoformawallwhenthewoodorreedsmayhavedisappeared。
　　Thegranariesareformedofwicker-worksupporteduponuprightpedestalsofeitherhardwoodorofstone，toresistthewhiteants；thewicker-workissmearedwithclayandcow-dung，andtheroofisthatchedinamannersimilartothehouse。
　　TheBarisareagreatpastoralpeople，andpossessimmenseherdsofcattle。Thesearegenerallysmallactiveanimalswithhumps；whiteistheprevailingcolour。Thesheeparesmallandthemuttonisgood；butalthoughthefinepasturageoftheBaricountryiseminentlyadaptedforsheepandgoats，theseanimalsaredelicate，andrequiremuchattentionduringtheheavyrains，atwhichtimetheyarealwayskeptbeneatharoofatnight，withfirescomposedofdrycow-dungtocreateasmokethatwilldriveawayfliesormosquitoes。