Thesceneisacottageona”bittercoastofFrance”。
I。`JamesLee’sWifespeaksattheWindow’——Thefirstmisgivingsofherheartareexpressed;andthesemisgivingsarerespondedtobytheouterworld。Summerhasstopped。Willthesummerofherhusband’slovestoptoo,andbesucceededbycheerlesswinter?
Therevoltofherheartagainstsuchathoughtisexpressedinthethirdstanza。
II。`BytheFireside’——Herethefaintlyindefinitemisgivingexpressedinthefirstsoliloquyhasbecomeagloomyforebodingofill;”theheartshrinksandcloses,erethestrokeofdoomhasattainedit。”
Thefireonthehearthisbuiltofshipwreckwood,whichtellsofa”dimdeadwoebefallenthisbittercoastofFrance”,andomenstoherforebodinghearttheshipwreckoftheirhome。
Theruddyshaftoflightfromthecasementmust,shethinks,beseenbysailorswhoenvythewarmsafehouseandhappyfreight。
Butthereareshipsinportwhichgotoruin,”Allthroughwormsi’thewood,whichcrept,Gnawedourheartsoutwhileweslept:
Thatisworse。”
Hermindrevertstotheformeroccupantsoftheirhouse,asifshefeltaninfluenceshedwithinitbysomeunhappywomanwho,likeherself,inLove’svoyage,sawplanksstartandopenhellbeneath。
III。`IntheDoorway’——Asshelooksoutfromthedoorway,everythingtellsofthecomingdesolationofwinter,andreflectsthedesolationwhich,shefeels,iscominguponherself。
Theswallowsarereadytodepart,thewaterisinstripes,black,spottedwhitewiththewailingwind。Thefurledleafofthefig-tree,infrontoftheirhouse,andthewrithingvines,sympathizewithherheartandherspirit:——”Myheartshrivelsupandmyspiritshrinkscurled。”
Butthereistothemtwo,shethinks,norealoutwardwant,thatshouldmartheirpeace,smallasistheirhouse,andpoortheirfield。Whyshouldthechangeinnaturebringchangetothespiritwhichshouldputlifeinthedarknessandcold?”Oh,liveandloveworthily,bearandbebold!
WhomSummermadefriendsof,letWinterestrange。”
IV。`AlongtheBeach’——Itdoesnotappearthatsheanywhereinthepoemaddressesherhusband,facetoface。
Itissoliloquythroughout。Inthissectionitdoesappear,morethanintheothers,thatsheisdirectlyaddressinghim;
butit’sbettertounderstanditasamentalexpostulation。
Hewantedherlove,andgotit,initsfulness;thoughanexpectationofallharvestandnodearthwasnotinvolvedinthatfulnessoflove。
Thoughlovegreatensandevenglorifies,sheknewtherewasmuchinhimwaste,withmanyaweed,andplentyofpassionsruntoseed,butalittlegoodgraintoo。Andsuchashewasshetookhimforhers;andhefoundherhis,towatchtheoliveandwaitthevineofhisnature;andwhenriversofoilandwinecamenot,thefailureonlyprovedthathewasherwholeworld,allthesame。
Buthehasbeenaverseto,andhasresented,thetillageofhisnaturetowhichshehaslovinglydevotedherself,feelingittobeabondage;”And’tisallanoldstory,andmydespairFitsubjectforsomenewsong:”
suchastheonewithwhichsheclosesthissoliloquy,representingalovewhichcaresonlyforoutsidecharmswhich,laterinthepoem,welearnshehasnotandlooksnotdeeper。
V。`OntheCliff’——Leaningonthebarrenturf,whichisdeadtotheroots,andlookingatarock,flatasananvil’sface,andleftdrybythesurf,withnotraceoflivingthingaboutitDeath’saltarbytheloneshore,sheseesacricketspringgay,withfilmsofblue,upontheparchedturf,andabeautifulbutterflysettleandspreaditstworedfans,ontherock。Andthenthereistoher,whollytakenup,assheis,withtheirbeauty,”Noturf,norock;intheiruglystead,See,wonderfulblueandred!”
andtheysymbolizetoher,Lovesettlingunawaresuponmen,thelevelandlow,theburntandbare,inthemselvesasaretheturfandtherock。
VI。`ReadingaBook,undertheCliff’——Thefirstsixstanzasofthissectionshereadsfromabook。*——
*TheywerecomposedbyMr。Browningwheninhis23dyear,andpublishedin1836,in`TheMonthlyRepository’,vol。x。,pp。270,271,andentitledsimply`Lines’。Theywererevisedandintroducedintothissectionof`JamesLee’,whichwaspublishedin`DramatisPersonae’
in1864——
HerexperienceshavecarriedherbeyondwhattheseLinesconvey,andshespeaksofthemsomewhatsarcasticallyandironically。
This”youngman”,shethinks,willbewiserintime,”forkindCalmyears,exactingtheiraccomptOfpain,maturethemind:”
andthenthewind,whenitbeginsamongthevines,solow,solow,willhaveforhimanotherlanguage;suchasthis:——”Hereisthechangebeginning,herethelinesCircumscribebeauty,settoblissThelimittimeassigns。”
ThisisthelanguageSHEhaslearned:Wecannotdrawonebeautyintoourhearts’core,andkeepitchangeless。Thisistheoldwoeoftheworld;thetune,towhoseriseandfallweliveanddie。
RISEWITHIT,THEN!REJOICETHATMANISHURLEDFROMCHANGE
TOCHANGEUNCEASINGLY,HISSOUL’SWINGSNEVERFURLED!
Tothisphilosophyoflifehasshebeenbrought。Butshemuststillsadlyreflecthowbitteritisformannottograve,onhissoul,onefair,good,wisethingjustashegraspedit!Forhimselfdeath’swave;whiletimewashesah,thesting!o’erallhe’dsinktosave。
Thisreflectionmustbeunderstood,inherowncase,aspromptedbyherunconquerablewifelylove。Itisthiswhichpointsthesting。
VII。`AmongtheRocks’——Thebrownoldearth,inautumn,whenallthegloriesofsummerarefading,orhavefaded,wearsagoodgiganticsmile,lookingnotbackward,butforward,withhisfeetintheripplesofthesea-wash,andlisteningtothesweettwittersofthe`white-breastedsea-lark’。Theentirestanzahasamysticalmeaningandmustbeinterpretedinitsconnection。
Shehasreached,inthissoliloquy,highground:——”Ifyoulovedonlywhatwereworthyourlove,Lovewerecleargain,andwhollywellforyou:
Makethelownaturebetterbyyourthroes!
GIVEEARTHYOURSELF,GOUPFORGAINABOVE!”
Theversificationofthefirststanzaofthissectionisverylovely,andsubtlyresponsivetothefeeling。Itexhibitsthecompletestinspiration。Nomeremetricalskill,normetricalsensibilityeven,couldhaveproducedit。
VIII。`BesidetheDrawing-Board’——Sheisseatedatherdrawing-board,andhasturnedfromthepoorcoarsehandofsomelittlepeasantgirlshehascalledinasamodel,towork,butwithpoorsuccess,afteraclaycastofahandbyLeonardodaVinci,who”Drewandlearnedandlovedagain,Whilefastthehappymomentsflew,TillbeautymountedintohisbrainAndonthefingerwhichoutviedHisart,heplacedtheringthat’sthere,Stillbyfancy’seyedescried,Intokenofamarriagerare:
Forhimonearthhisart’sdespair,Forhiminheavenhissoul’sfitbride。”
Herefforthastaughtherawholesomelesson:”theworthoffleshandbloodatlast!”There’ssomethingmorethanbeautyinahand。
DaVinciwouldnothaveturnedfromthepoorcoarsehandofthelittlegirlwhohasbeenstandingbyinwonderingpatience。He,greatartistashewas,owedallheachievedtohisfirmgraspupon,andstrugglewith,andfullfaithin,thereal。Sheimagineshimsaying:——”Shallearthandthecrampedmoment-spaceYieldtheheavenlycrowninggrace?
Nowthepartsandthenthewhole!*
WhoartthouwithstintedsoulAndstuntedbody,thustocry`Ilove,——shallthatbelife’sstraitdole?
Imustlivebelovedordie!’
ThispeasanthandthatspinsthewoolAndbakesthebread,whylivesiton,Poorandcoarsewithbeautygone,——
Whatusesurvivesthebeauty?Fool!”——
*”Ontheearththebrokenarcs;intheheaven,aperfectround。”——
AbtVogler。
ShehasbeenbroughttothelaststageofinitiationintothemysteryofLife。But,asisshowninthenextandfinalsectionofthepoem,thewifelyhearthaspreserveditsvitality,has,indeed,growninvitality,andcherishesahopewhichshowsitsundyinglove,andisnotwithoutatouchofpathos。
IX。`OnDeck’——InSectionsV-VIII。thesoliloquiesarenotdirectedtothehusband,astheyareinI-IV。Inthislast,heisagainmentallyaddressed。Sheisonboardthevesselwhichistoconvey,orisconveying,hertoherEnglishhome,orsomewhereelse。Asthereisnothinginherforhimtoremember,nothinginherarteffortshecarestosee,nothingshewasthatdeservesaplaceinhismind,sheleaveshim,setshimfree,ashehaslongshowntoherhehaswishedtobe。She,concedinghisattitudetowardher,askshimtoconcede,inturn,thatsuchathingasmutualloveHASbeen。
There’saslightretaliationhereofthewoundedspirit。
Butherheart,afterall,MUSThaveitsway;anditcherishesthehopethathissoul,whichisnowcabined,cribbed,confined,maybesetfree,throughsomecircumstanceorother,andshemaythenbecometohimwhatheistoher。Andthen,whatwoulditmattertoherthatshewasill-favored?
Allsenseofthiswouldbesunkinthestrangejoythathepossessedherasshehim,inheartandbrain。Hershasbeenalovethatwaslife,andalifethatwaslove。Couldonetouchofsuchloveforhercomeinawordoflookofhis,why,hemightturnintoherill-favoredness,shewouldknownothingofit,beingdeadtojoy。
ATale。
TheEpilogueto`TheTwoPoetsofCroisic’。
Thespeakerinthismonologueisthewifeofapoet,andshetellsthestorytoherhusband,ofthelittlecricketthatcametotheaidofthemusicianwhowascontendingforaprize,whenoneofthestringsofhislyresnapped。Sohemadeastatueforhimself,andonthelyreheheldperchedhispartnerintheprize。
Ifherpoet-husbandgainaprizeinpoetry,sheasks,willsometicketwhenhisstatue’sbuilttellthegazer’twasacrickethelpedhiscrippledlyre;thatwhenonestringwhichmade”love”soundsoft,wassnaptintwain,sheperchedupontheplaceleftvacantanddulyuttered,”Love,Love,Love”,whene’erthebassaskedthetrebletoatoneforitssomewhatsombredrone?
Confessions。
Thespeakerisadyingman,whorepliesverydecidedlyinthenegativetothequestionoftheattendantpriestastowhetherheviewstheworldasavaleoftears。Thememoryofapastlove,whichisrunningthroughhismind,stillkeepstheworldbright。
Ofthestoleninterviewswiththegirlhelovedhemakesconfession,usingthephysicbottleswhichstandonatablebythebedsidetoillustratehisstory。
Themonologueisachoicebitofgrotesquehumortouchedwithpathos。
Respectability。
Bythetitleofthepoemismeantrespectabilityaccordingtothestandardofthebeaumonde。
Thespeakerisawoman,asisindicatedinthethirdstanza。
Themonologueisaddressedtoherlover。
Stanza1showsthattheyhavedisregardedtheconventionalitiesofthebeaumonde。Hadtheyconformedtothem,manypreciousmonthsandyearswouldhavepassedbeforetheyfoundouttheworldandwhatitfears。Onecannotwelljudgeofanystateofthingswhileinit。Itmustbelookedatfromtheoutside。
Stanza2。Theideaisrepeatedinamorespecialforminthefirstfourversesofthestanza;andinthelastfourtheirownnon-conventionalandBohemianlifeisindicated。
Stanza3,vv。1-4。Thespeakerknowsthatthisbeaumondedoesnotproscribelove,provideditbeinaccordancewiththeproprietieswhichIThasdetermineduponandestablished。
v。5。”Theworld’sgoodword!”acontemptuousexclamation:
what’stheworld’sgoodwordworth?”theInstitute!”thereferenceis,ofcourse,totheFrenchInstitute,theInstitute!withallitsauthoritative,dictatoriallearnedness!v。6。GuizotandMontalembertwerebothmembersoftheInstitute,andbeingthusinthesameboat,GuizotconventionallyreceivesMontalembert。vv。7and8。ThesetwounconventionalBohemianlovers,strollingtogetheratnight,attheirownsweetwill,seedownthecourtalongwhichtheyarestrolling,threelampionsflare,whichindicatesomebigplaceorotherwherethe”respectables”docongregate;andthewomansaystohercompanion,withahumoroussarcasm,”Putforwardyourbestfoot!”thatis,wemustbeverycorrectpassingalonghereinthisbrilliantlight。
BythetwoloversareevidentlymeantGeorgeSandthespeaker
andJulesSandeau,withwhomshelivedinParis,aftersheleftherhusband,M。Dudevant。Theytookjustsuchunconventionalnight-strollstogether,inthestreetsofParis。