ThepoetryofBrowningeverywheresaysthis,andsaysitmoreemphaticallythanthatofanyotherpoetinourliterature。
Itsayseverywhere,thatnotthroughknowledge,notthroughasharpenedintellect,butthroughrepentance,inthedeepersensetowhichIhavejustalluded,throughconversion,throughwheelingintoanewcentreitsspiritualsystem,thesoulattainstosavingtruth。
Salvationwithhimmeansthatrevelationofthesoultoitself,thatawakening,quickening,actuating,attitude-adjusting,ofthesoul,whichsetsitgravitatingtowardtheDivine。
Browning’sideaofConversionis,perhaps,mostdistinctlyexpressedinapassageintheMonologueoftheCanonCaponsacchi,in`TheRingandtheBook’,whereinhesetsforththecircumstancesunderwhichhissoulwaswheeledintoanewcentre,afteralifeofdallianceandelegantfolly,andmadeawareof”themarvellousdowerofthelifeitwasgiftedandfilledwith”。Hehasbeentellingthejudges,beforewhomhehasbeensummoned,thestoryofthelettersforgedbyGuidotoentraphimandPompilia,andofhishavingseen”rightthroughthethingthattriedtopassfortruthandsolid,notanemptylie”。Theconclusionandtheresolvehecomesto,areexpressedinthesoliloquywhichherepeatstothejudges,ashavingutteredatthetime:”So,henotonlyforgedthewordsforherbutwordsforme,madelettershecalledmine:
whatIsent,heretained,gavetheseinplace,allbythemistressmessenger!AsIrecognizedher,atpotencyoftruth,soshe,bythecrystallinesoul,knewme,nevermistookthesigns。
Enoughofthis——letthewraithgotonothingnessagain,hereistheorb,haveonlythoughtforher!”WhatfollowsadmitsustotheveryHEARTofBrowning’spoetry——admitsustothegreatIdeawhichisalmost,inthesedays,strangetosay,peculiarlyhis——
whichnootherpoet,certainly,ofthisintellectual,analytic,scientificage,withits”patent,truth-extractingprocesses”,hasbroughtoutwiththesamedegreeofdistinctness——thegreatIdeawhichmaybevariouslycharacterizedasthatofsoul-kindling,soul-quickening,adjustmentofsoul-attitude,regeneration,conversion,throughPERSONALITY——akindling,quickening,adjustment,regeneration,conversioninwhichTHOUGHTisnotevenacoefficient。
AsexpressedinSordello,”Divestmindofe’enthought,andlo,God’sunexpressedwilldawnsaboveus!””Thought?”theCanongoesontosay,”Thought?nay,Sirs,whatshallfollowwasnotthought:
Ihavethoughtsometimes,andthoughtlongandhard。
Ihavestoodbefore,goneroundaseriousthing,taskedmywholemindtotouchitandclaspitclose,……Godandman,andwhatdutyIoweboth,——IdaresayIhaveconfrontedtheseinthought:
butnosuchfacultyhelpedhere。Iputforthnothought,——powerless,allthatnightIpacedthecity:itwasthefirstSpring。
BytheINVASIONILAYPASSIVETO,inrushednewthings,theoldwereraptaway;alikeabolished——theimprisonmentoftheoutsideair,theinsideweighto’theworldthatpulledmedown。
Deathmeant,tospurntheground,soartothesky,——diewellandyoudothat。Theveryimmolationmadethebliss;
deathwastheheartoflife,andalltheharmmyfollyhadcrouchedtoavoid,nowprovedaveilhidingallgainmywisdomstrovetograsp……Intoanotherstate,undernewruleIknewmyselfwaspassingswiftandsure;whereoftheinitiatorypangapproached,felicitousannoy,asbitter-sweetaswhenthevirginband,thevictorschaste,feelattheendtheearthygarmentsdrop,andrisewithsomethingofarosyshameintoimmortalnakedness:
soIlay,andletcometheproperthroewouldthrillintotheecstasyandout-throbpain。I’thegrayofthedawnitwasIfoundmyselffacingthepillaredfronto’thePieve——mine,mychurch:
itseemedtosayforthefirsttime,`ButamnotItheBride,themysticloveo’theLamb,whotookthyplightedtroth,mypriest,tofoldthywarmheartonmyheartofstoneandfreezetheenorunfastenanymore?Thisisafleshlywoman,——letthefreebestowtheirlifeblood,thouartpulselessnow!’……Now,whenIfoundoutfirstthatlifeanddeatharemeanstoanend,thatpassionusesboth,indisputablymistressofthemanwhoseformofworshipisself-sacrifice——now,fromthestonelungssighedthescrannelvoice,`Leavethatlivepassion,comebedeadwithme!’
Asif,i’thefabledgarden,Ihadgoneongreatadventure,pluckedinignorancehedge-fruit,andfeastedtosatiety,laughingatsuchhighfameforhipsandhaws,andscornedtheachievement:thencomeallatonceo’theprizeo’theplace,thethingofperfectgold,theapple’sself:and,scarcemyeyeonthat,was’wareaswellofthesevenfolddragon’swatch。Sirs,Iobeyed。Obediencewastoostrange,——thisnewthingthathadbeenSTRUCKINTOMEBYTHELOOKOFTHELADY,todaredisobeythefirstauthoritativeword。’TwasGod’s。IhadbeenLIFTEDTOTHELEVELOFHER,couldtakesuchsoundsintomysense。
Isaid,`Wetwoarecognizanto’theMasternow;itisshebidsmebowthehead:howtrue,Iamapriest!Iseethefunctionhere;
Ithoughttheotherwayself-sacrifice:thisisthetrue,sealsuptheperfectsum。Ipayit,sitdown,silentlyobey。’”
Numerousandvariedexpressionsoftheideaofconversionsetforthinthispassage,occurinBrowning’spoetry,evidencinghisdeepsenseofthisgreatandindispensableconditionofsoul-life,ofbeingbornaneworfromabove,asitshouldberenderedintheGospel,a’/nwqen,thatis,throughtheagencyofahigherpersonality,inordertoseethekingdomofGod——
evidencinghisconvictionthat”thekingdomofGodcomethnotwithobservation:forlo!thekingdomofGodiswithinyou。”
Inthepoementitled`Cristina’,thespeakerismadetosay,——”Oh,we’resunkenoughhere,Godknows!butnotquitesosunkthatmoments,Suretho’seldom,aredeniedus,whenthespirit’strueendowmentsStandoutplainlyfromitsfalseones,andappriseitifpursuingOrtherightwayorthewrongway,toitstriumphorundoing。
Thereareflashesstruckfrommidnights,therearefire-flamesnoon-dayskindle,Wherebypiled-uphonorsperish,wherebyswollenambitionsdwindle,Whilejustthisorthatpoorimpulse,whichforoncehadplayunstifled,Seemsthesoleworkofalife-timethatawaytheresthavetrifled。”
Andagain,whenthePopein`TheRingandtheBook’hascometothedecisiontosignthedeath-warrantofGuidoandhisaccomplices,hesays:”ForthemaincriminalIhavenohopeexceptinsuchaSUDDENNESSOFFATE。IstoodatNaplesonce,anightsodarkIcouldhavescarceconjecturedtherewasearthanywhere,skyorseaorworldatall:butthenight’sblackwasburstthroughbyablaze——
thunderstruckblowonblow,earthgroanedandbore,throughherwholelengthofmountainvisible:therelaythecitythickandplainwithspires,and,likeaghostdisshrouded,whitethesea。SOMAYTHETRUTHBEFLASHEDOUTBYONEBLOW,ANDGUIDOSEE,ONEINSTANT,ANDBESAVED。ElseIavertmyface,norfollowhimintothatsadobscuresequesteredstatewhereGodUNMAKESBUTTOREMAKEthesoulheelsemadefirstinvain;
whichmustnotbe。Enough,forImaydiethisverynight:
andhowshouldIdaredie,thismanletlive?CarrythisforthwithtotheGovernor!”
BrowningisthemostessentiallyChristianoflivingpoets。
Thoughherarelyspeaks`inpropriapersona’inhispoetry,anyonewhohasgoneoveritall,canhavenodoubtastohisownmostvitalbeliefs。WhattheBeauty-lovingSoulinTennyson’s`PalaceofArt’sayofherself,cannotbesuspectedeven,ofBrowning:——”Itakepossessionofman’smindanddeed。
Icarenotwhatthesectsmaybrawl。
IsitasGodholdingnoformofcreed,Butcontemplatingall。”
Religionwithhimis,indeed,theall-in-all;butnotanyparticularformofitasafinality。Thisisnotaworldforfinalitiesofanykind,asheconstantlyteachesus:
itisaworldofbrokenarcs,notofperfectrounds。
Formulationsofsomekindhewould,nodoubt,admittheremustbe,asineverythingelse;butwithhimallformulationsandtabulationsofbeliefs,especiallysuchas”makesquaretoafiniteeyethecircleofinfinity”,*1*are,atthebest,onlyPROVISIONAL,and,attheworst,leadtospiritualstandstill,spiritualtorpor,”aghastlysmoothlife,deadatheart。”*2*TheessentialnatureofChristianityiscontrarytospecialprescription,dothisordothat,believethisorbelievethat。Christgavenorecipes。
ChristianityiswithBrowning,andthishesetsforthagainandagain,aLIFE,quickenedandmotivedandnourishedbythePersonalityofChrist。
AndallthathesaysofthisPersonalitycanbeacceptedbyeveryChristian,whatevertheologicalviewhemayentertainofChrist。
Christ’steachingsheregardsbutasINCIDENTSofthatPersonality,andtherecordswehaveofhissayingsanddoings,butafragment,asomewhatdistortedone,itmaybe,outofwhichwemust,byamysticandplasticsympathy,{*}aidedbytheChristspiritwhichisimmanentintheChristianworld,mouldthePersonality,anddofealtytoit。TheChristianmustendeavortobeabletosay,withthedyingJohn,inBrowning’s`DeathintheDesert’,”Tomethatstory,——ay,thatLifeandDeathofwhichIwrote`itwas’——
tome,itis。”——
*1*`ChristmasEve’。
*2*`EasterDay’。
{*}`plastic’inthe1800’ssenseof`pliable’,not`fake’——A。L——
Thepoementitled`ChristmasEve’containsthefullestandmostexplicitexpression,inBrowning,ofhisideaofthepersonalityofChrist,asbeingtheall-in-allofChristianity。”ThetruthinGod’sbreastLiestracefortraceuponoursimpressed:
ThoughHeissobrightandwesodim,WearemadeinHisimagetowitnessHim:
Andwerenoeyeinustotell,Instructedbynoinnersense,ThelightofHeavenfromthedarkofHell,Thatlightwouldwantitsevidence,——
ThoughJustice,Good,andTruth,werestillDivine,if,bysomedemon’swill,HatredandwronghadbeenproclaimedLawthroughtheworlds,andRightmisnamed,NomereexpositionofmoralityMadeorinpartorintotality,Shouldwinyoutogiveitworship,therefore:
Andifnobetterproofyouwillcarefor,——Whomdoyoucounttheworstmanuponearth?
Besure,heknows,inhisconscience,moreOfwhatRightis,thanarrivesatbirthInthebestman’sactsthatwebowbefore:
AndthenceIconcludethattherealGod-functionIstofurnishamotiveandinjunctionForpractisingwhatweknowalready。
AndsuchaninjunctionandsuchamotiveAstheGodinChrist,doyouwaive,and`heady,High-minded’,hangyourtabletvotiveOutsidethefaneonafinger-post?
Moralitytotheuttermost,SupremeinChristasweallconfess,WhyneedWEprovewouldavailnojotTomakeHimGod,ifGodhewerenot?
WhereisthepointwhereHimselflaysstress?
Doesthepreceptrun`BelieveinGood,InJustice,Truth,nowunderstoodForthefirsttime’?——or`BelieveinME,Wholivedanddied,yetessentiallyAmLordofLife’?*WhoevercantakeThesametohisheartandformerelove’ssakeConceiveofthelove,——thatmanobtainsAnewtruth;noconvictiongainsOfanoldoneonly,madeintenseByafreshappealtohisfadedsense。”
*”Subsistsnolawoflifeoutsideoflife。”