Such，alas，isbynomeansmywayofconstruingthematter；ifitwere，Ishouldhavehadthehappinessofremainingsilent，andbeenwithoutcalltospeakhere。Itisbecausethecontraryofallthisisdeeplymanifesttome，andappearstobeforgottenbymultitudesofmycontemporaries，thatIhavehadtoundertakeaddressingawordtothem。Thecontraryofallthis；——andthefartherIlookintotherootsofallthis，themorehateful，ruinousanddismaldoesthestateofmindallthiscouldhaveoriginatedinappeartome。ToexaminethisrecipeofaParliament，howfititisforgoverningNations，nayhowfititmaynowbe，inthesenewtimes，forgoverningEnglanditselfwhereweareusedtoitsolong：this，too，isanalarminginquiry，towhichallthinkingmen，andgoodcitizensoftheircountry，whohaveanearforthesmallstillvoicesandeternalintimations，acrossthetemporaryclamorsandloudblaringproclamations，arenowsolemnlyinvited。Invitedbytherigorousfactitself；whichwilloneday，andthatperhapssoon，demandpracticaldecisionorredecisionofitfromus，——withenormouspenaltyifwedecideitwrong！Ithinkweshallallhavetoconsiderthisquestion，oneday；betterperhapsnowthanlater，whentheleisuremaybeless。IfaParliament，withsuffragesanduniversaloranyconceivablekindofsuffrages，isthemethod，thencertainlyletussetaboutdiscoveringthekindofsuffrages，andrestnomomenttillwehavegotthem。ButitispossibleaParliamentmaynotbethemethod！PossibletheinveteratenotionsoftheEnglishPeoplemayhavesettleditasthemethod，andtheEverlastingLawsofNaturemayhavesettleditasnotthemethod！Notthewholemethod；northemethodatall，iftakenasthewhole？IfaParliamentwithneversuchsuffragesisnotthemethodsettledbythislatterauthority，thenitwillurgentlybehooveustobecomeawareofthatfact，andtoquitsuchmethod；——wemaydependuponit，howeverunanimouswebe，everysteptakeninthatdirectionwill，bytheEternalLawofthings，beastep_from_improvement，nottowardsit。
　　Nottowardsit，Isay，ifso！Unanimityofvoting，——thatwilldonothingforusifso。YourshipcannotdoubleCapeHornbyitsexcellentplansofvoting。Theshipmayvotethisandthat，abovedecksandbelow，inthemostharmoniousexquisitelyconstitutionalmanner：theship，togetroundCapeHorn，willfindasetofconditionsalreadyvotedfor，andfixedwithadamantinerigorbytheancientElementalPowers，whoareentirelycarelesshowyouvote。Ifyoucan，byvotingorwithoutvoting，ascertaintheseconditions，andvaliantlyconformtothem，youwillgetroundtheCape：ifyoucannot，theruffianWindswillblowyoueverbackagain；theinexorableIcebergs，dumbprivy-councillorsfromChaos，willnudgeyouwithmostchaotic“admonition；“youwillbeflunghalffrozenonthePatagoniancliffs，oradmonishedintoshiversbyyouricebergcouncillors，andsentsheerdowntoDavyJones，andwillnevergetroundCapeHornatall！Unanimityonboardship；——yesindeed，theship’screwmaybeveryunanimous，whichdoubtless，forthetimebeing，willbeverycomfortabletotheship’screw，andtotheirPhantasmCaptainiftheyhaveone：butifthetacktheyunanimouslysteeruponisguidingthemintothebellyoftheAbyss，itwillnotprofitthemmuch！——Shipsaccordinglydonotusetheballot-boxatall；andtheyrejectthePhantasmspeciesofCaptains：onewishesmuchsomeotherEntities——sinceallentitieslieunderthesamerigoroussetoflaws——couldbebroughttoshowasmuchwisdom，andsenseatleastofself-preservation，thefirstcommandofNature。PhantasmCaptainswithunanimousvotings：thisisconsideredtobeallthelawandalltheprophets，atpresent。
　　Ifamancouldshakeoutofhismindtheuniversalnoiseofpoliticaldoctorsinthisgenerationandinthelastgenerationortwo，andconsiderthematterfacetoface，withhisownsincereintelligencelookingatit，Iventuretosayhewouldfindthisaveryextraordinarymethodofnavigating，whetherintheStraitsofMagellanortheundiscoveredSeaofTime。Toprosperinthisworld，togainfelicity，victoryandimprovement，eitherforamanoranation，thereisbutonethingrequisite，ThatthemanornationcandiscernwhatthetrueregulationsoftheUniverseareinregardtohimandhispursuit，andcanfaithfullyandsteadfastlyfollowthese。Thesewillleadhimtovictory；whoeveritmaybethatsetshiminthewayofthese，——wereitRussianAutocrat，ChartistParliament，GrandLama，ForceofPublicOpinion，ArchbishopofCanterbury，M’CroudytheSeraphicDoctorwithhisLast-evangelofPoliticalEconomy，——setshiminthesurewaytopleasetheAuthorofthisUniverse，andishisfriendoffriends。Andagain，whoeverdoesthecontraryis，foralikereason，hisenemyofenemies。Thismaybetakenasfixed。
　　Andnowbywhatmethodascertainthemonitionofthegodsinregardtoouraffairs？Howdecipher，withbestfidelity，theeternalregulationoftheUniverse；andread，fromamidsuchconfusedembroilmentsofhumanclamorandfolly，whattherealDivineMessagetousis？Adivinemessage，oreternalregulationoftheUniverse，thereverilyis，inregardtoeveryconceivableprocedureandaffairofman：faithfullyfollowingthis，saidprocedureoraffairwillprosper，andhavethewholeUniversetosecondit，andcarryit，acrossthefluctuatingcontradictions，towardsavictoriousgoal；notfollowingthis，mistakingthis，disregardingthis，destructionandwreckarecertainforeveryaffair。Howfindit？Alltheworldanswersme，“Countheads；
　　askUniversalSuffrage，bytheballot-boxes，andthatwilltell。“
　　UniversalSuffrage，ballot-boxes，countofheads？Well，——I
　　perceivewehavegotintostrangespirituallatitudesindeed。
　　Withinthelasthalf-centuryorso，eithertheUniverseorelsetheheadsofmenmusthavealteredverymuch。Halfacenturyago，anddownfromFatherAdam’stimetillthen，theUniverse，whereverIcouldheartellofit，waswonttobeofsomewhatabstrusenature；bynomeanscarryingitssecretwrittenonitsface，legibletoeverypasser-by；onthecontrary，obstinatelyhidingitssecretfromallfoolish，slavish，wicked，insincerepersons，andpartiallydisclosingittothewiseandnoble-mindedalone，whosenumberwasnotthemajorityinmytime！
　　Orperhapsthechiefendofmanbeingnow，intheseimprovedepochs，tomakemoneyandspendit，hisinterestsintheUniversehavebecomeamazinglysimplifiedoflate；capableofbeingvotedonwitheffectbyalmostanybody？“Tobuyinthecheapestmarket，andsellinthedearest：“trulyifthatisthesummaryofhissocialduties，andthefinaldivinemessagehehastofollow，wemaytrusthimextensivelytovoteuponthat。Butifitisnot，andneverwas，orcanbe？IftheUniversewillnotcarryonitsdivinebosomanycommonwealthofmortalsthathavenohigheraim，——beingstill“aTempleandHallofDoom，“notamereWeaving-shopandCattle-pen？IftheunfathomableUniversehasdecidedto_reject_HumanBeaverspretendingtobeMen；andwillabolish，prettyrapidlyperhaps，inhideousmud-deluges，their“markets“andthem，unlesstheythinkofit？——Inthatcaseitwerebettertothinkofit：andtheDemocraciesandUniversalSuffrages，Icanobserve，willrequiretomodifythemselvesagooddeal！
　　Historicallyspeaking，IbelievetherewasnoNationthatcouldsubsistuponDemocracy。OfancientRepublics，and_Demoi_and_Populi_，wehaveheardmuch；butitisnowprettywelladmittedtobenothingtoourpurpose；——auniversal-suffragerepublic，orageneral-suffrageone，oranybutamost-limited-suffrageone，nevercametolight，ordreamedofdoingso，inancienttimes。
　　Whenthemassofthepopulationwereslaves，andthevotersintrinsicallyakindof_kings_，ormenborntoruleothers；whenthevoterswerereal“aristocrats“andmanageabledependentsofsuch，——thendoubtlessvoting，andconfusedjumblingoftalkandintrigue，might，withoutimmediatedestruction，ortheneedofaCavaignactointervenewithcannonandsweepthestreetsclearofit，goon；andbeautifuldevelopmentsofmanhoodmightbepossiblebesideit，foraseason。Besideit；oreven，ifyouwill，bymeansofit，andinvirtueofit，thoughthatisbynomeanssocertainasisoftensupposed。Alas，no：thereflectiveconstitutionalmindhasmisgivingsastotheoriginofoldGreekandRomannobleness；andindeedknowsnothowthisoranyotherhumannoblenesscouldwellbe“originated，“orbroughttopass，byvotingorwithoutvoting，inthisworld，exceptbythegraceofGodverymainly；——andremembers，withasigh，thatoftheSevenSagesthemselvesnofewerthanthreewerebitsofDespoticKings，[Gr。]_Turannoi_，“Tyrants“socalledsuchbeinggreatlywantedthere；andthattheotherfourwereveryfarfromRedRepublicans，ifofanypoliticalfaithwhatever！WemayquittheAncientClassicalconcern，andleaveittoCollege-clubsandspeculativedebating-societies，intheselatedays。
　　OfthevariousFrenchRepublicsthathavebeentried，orthatarestillontrial，——ofthesealsoitisnotneedfultosayanyword。
　　ButthereisonemoderninstanceofDemocracynearlyperfect，theRepublicoftheUnitedStates，whichhasactuallysubsistedforthreescoreyearsormore，withimmensesuccessasisaffirmed；towhichmanystillappeal，astoasignofhopeforallnations，anda“ModelRepublic。“IsnotAmericaaninstanceinpoint？
　　WhyshouldnotallNationssubsistandflourishonDemocracy，asAmericadoes？
　　OfAmericaitwouldillbeseemanyEnglishman，andmeperhapsaslittleasanother，tospeakunkindly，tospeakunpatriotically，ifanyofusevenfeltso。Sureenough，Americaisagreat，andinmanyrespectsablessedandhopefulphenomenon。Sureenough，thesehardymillionsofAnglo-Saxonmenprovethemselvesworthyoftheirgenealogy；and，withtheaxeandploughandhammer，ifnotyetwithanymuchfinerkindofimplements，aretriumphantlyclearingoutwidespaces，seedfieldsforthesustenanceandrefugeofmankind，arenasforthefuturehistoryoftheworld；
　　doing，intheirdayandgeneration，acreditableandcheeringfeatunderthesun。ButastoaModelRepublic，oramodelanything，thewiseamongthemselvesknowtoowellthatthereisnothingtobesaid。NaythetitlehithertotobeaCommonwealthorNationatall，amongthe[Gr。]_ethne_oftheworld，is，strictlyconsidered，stillathingtheyarebutstrivingfor，andindeedhavenotyetdonemuchtowardsattaining。TheirConstitution，suchasitmaybe，wasmadehere，notthere；wentoverwiththemfromtheOld-PuritanEnglishworkshopready-made。
　　DeductwhattheycarriedwiththemfromEnglandready-made，——theircommonEnglishLanguage，andthatsameConstitution，orratherelixirofconstitutions，theirinveterateandnow，asitwere，inbornreverencefortheConstable’sStaff；
　　twoquiteimmenseattainments，whichEnglandhadtospendmuchblood，andvaliantsweatofbrowandbrain，forcenturieslong，inachieving；——andwhatnewelementsofpolityornationhood，whatnoblenewphasisofhumanarrangement，orsocialdeviceworthyofPrometheusorofEpimetheus，yetcomestolightinAmerica？CottoncropsandIndiancornanddollarscometolight；
　　andhalfaworldofuntilledland，wherepopulationsthatrespecttheconstablecanlive，forthepresent_without_Government：
　　thiscomestolight；andtheprofoundsorrowofallnoblerhearts，hereutteringitselfassilentpatientunspeakableennui，therecomingoutasvagueelegiacwailings，thatthereisstillnexttonothingmore。“Anarchy_plus_astreet-constable：“thatalsoisanarchictome，andotherthanquitelovely！
　　Iforesee，too，that，longbeforethewastelandsarefull，theverystreet-constable，onthesepoorterms，willhavebecomeimpossible：withoutthewastelands，ashereinourEurope，Idonotseehowhecouldcontinuepossiblemanyweeks。CeasetobragtomeofAmerica，anditsmodelinstitutionsandconstitutions。
　　Tomenintheirsleepthereisnothinggrantedinthisworld：
　　nothing，orasgoodasnothing，tomenthatsitidlycaucusingandballot-boxingonthegravesoftheirheroicancestors，saying，“Itiswell，itiswell！“Cornandbaconaregranted：
　　notaverysublimeboon，onsuchconditions；aboonmoreoverwhich，onsuchconditions，cannotlast！——No：Americatoowillhavetostrainitsenergies，inquiteotherfashionthanthis；tocrackitssinews，andallbutbreakitsheart，astherestofushavehadtodo，inthousand-foldwrestlewiththePythonsandmud-demons，beforeitcanbecomeahabitationforthegods。
　　America’sbattleisyettofight；andwe，sorrowfulthoughnothingdoubting，willwishherstrengthforit。NewSpiritualPythons，plentyofthem；enormousMegatherions，asuglyaswereeverbornofmud，loomhugeandhideousoutofthetwilightFutureonAmerica；andshewillhaveherownagony，andherownvictory，butonothertermsthansheisyetquiteawareof。
　　Hithertoshebutploughsandhammers，inaverysuccessfulmanner；hitherto，inspiteofher“roast-goosewithapple-sauce，“
　　sheisnotmuch。“Roast-goosewithapple-sauceforthepoorestworkingman：“well，surelythatissomething，thankstoyourrespectforthestreet-constable，andtoyourcontinentsoffertilewasteland；——butthat，evenifitcouldcontinue，isbynomeansenough；thatisnotevenaninstalmenttowardswhatwillberequiredofyou。Myfriend，bragnotyetofourAmericancousins！Theirquantityofcotton，dollars，industryandresources，Ibelievetobealmostunspeakable；butIcanbynomeansworshipthelikeofthese。Whatgreathumansoul，whatgreatthought，whatgreatnoblethingthatonecouldworship，orloyallyadmire，hasyetbeenproducedthere？None：theAmericancousinshaveyetdonenoneofthesethings。“Whattheyhavedone？“growlsSmelfungus，tiredofthesubject：“Theyhavedoubledtheirpopulationeverytwentyyears。Theyhavebegotten，witharapiditybeyondrecordedexample，EighteenMillionsofthegreatest_bores_everseeninthisworldbefore，——thathithertoistheirfeatinHistory！“——Andsoweleavethem，forthepresent；andcannotpredictthesuccessofDemocracy，onthissideoftheAtlantic，fromtheirexample。
　　Alas，onthissideoftheAtlanticandonthat，Democracy，weapprehend，isforeverimpossible！Somuch，withcertaintyofloudastonishedcontradictionfromallmannerofmenatpresent，butwithsureappealtotheLawofNatureandtheever-abidingFact，maybesuggestedandassertedoncemore。TheUniverseitselfisaMonarchyandHierarchy；largelibertyof“voting“