Ofcourse,Browningisnotpersistentlyneglectfulofthisfundamentalnecessityfortheliteraryartist。Heisoftenasmasterlyinthisasinotherrespects。Butheisnotalways,notoftenenough,alivetotheparamountneed。Hewriteswith“theversebeingasthemooditpaints:“but,unfortunately,themoodisoftenpoeticallyunformative。Hehadnopassionforthequestforseductiveforms。Toomuchofhispoetryhasbeenbornprematurely。Toomuchofit,indeed,hasnotdiedandbeenbornagainforallimmortalverseisapoeticresurrection。
Perfectpoetryisthedeathlesspartofmortalbeauty。
Thegreatartistsneverperpetuategrossactualities,thoughtheyarethesupremerealists。ItisSchiller,Ithink,whosaysineffect,thattoliveagainintheserenebeautyofart,itisneedfulthatthingsshouldfirstdieinreality。
ThusBrowning’sdramaticmethod,even,issometimesdisastrousinitsuntruth,asinCaliban’sanalyticalreasoninganinitialabsurdity,asMr。Berdoehaspointedout,addingepigrammatically,`Calibanisasavage,withtheintrospectivepowersofaHamlet,andthetheologyofanevangelicalChurchman。’NotonlyCaliban,butseveralotherofBrowning’spersonagesAprile,Eglamour,etc。
arewhatGoethecalls`schwankendeGestalten’,mere“waveringimages“。
*Oneaccountsays`ChildeRoland’waswritteninthreedays;
another,thatitwascomposedinone。Browning’srapidityincompositionwasextraordinary。“TheReturnoftheDruses“waswritteninfivedays,anactaday;so,also,was“ABlotinthe’Scutcheon“。
Montaigne,inoneofhisessays,saysthattostopgracefullyissureproofofhighraceinahorse:certainlytostopintimeisimperativeuponthepoet。OfBrowningmaybesaidwhatPoewroteofanother,thathisgeniuswastooimpetuousfortheminutertechnicalitiesofthatelaborateART
soneedfulinthebuildingupofmonumentsforimmortality。
ButhasnotagreaterthanPoedeclaredthat“whatdistinguishestheartistfromtheamateuris`architectonike’inthehighestsense;
thatpowerofexecutionwhichcreates,forms,andconstitutes:
nottheprofoundnessofsinglethoughts,nottherichnessofimagery,nottheabundanceofillustration。“Assuredly,no“newdefinition“
canbeaneffectiveonewhichconflictswithGoethe’sincontrovertibledictum。
Butthismuchhavingbeenadmitted,IamonlytoowillingtoprotestagainsttheuncriticaloutcryagainstBrowning’smusicalincapacity。
Adeficiencyisnotincapacity,otherwiseColeridge,athishighestthemostperfectofourpoets,wouldbelowlyestimated。
“Bidshinewhatwould,dismissintotheshadeWhatshouldnotbeandtheretriumphstheparamountSurpriseo’themaster。“……
Browning’smusicisoftenerharmonicthanmelodic:andmusiciansknowhowthegeneralear,charmedwithimmediatelyappellantmelodies,resents,weariesof,orisdeaftotheharmoniesofamoreremote,amorecomplex,andaboveallamorenovelcreativemethod。
Heis,amongpoets,whatWagnerisamongmusicians;
asShakespearemaybelikenedtoBeethoven,orShelleytoChopin。
Thecommonassertionastohisincapacityformetricmusicisonthelevelofthoseaffirmationsastohisnotbeingwidelyacceptedofthepeople,whenthepeoplehavethechance;
orastotheindifferenceofthepublictopoetrygenerally
andthisinanagewhenpoetryhasneverbeensowidelyunderstood,loved,andvalued,andwhereinitisyearlygrowingmoreacceptableandmorepotent!
Agreatwriteristobeadjudgedbyhistriumphs,notbyhisfailures:
as,totakeupMontaigne’ssimileagain,afamousrace-horseisrememberedforitssuccessesandnotfortheraceswhichitlost。
Thetendencywithcertaincriticsistoreversetheprocess。
InsteadofsayingwiththearchbishopinHorne’s“GregoryVII。“,“HeowesitalltohisMemnonianvoice!Hehasnogenius:“
orofdeclaring,asProsperosaysofCalibanin“TheTempest“,“Heisasdisproportionedinhismannersasinhisshape:“
howmuchbettertoaffirmofhimwhatBenJonsonwroteofShakespeare,“Heeredeemedhisviceswithhisvertues:therewasevermoreinhimtobeepraysedthantobeepardoned。“Inthebalanceoftriumphsandfailures,however,istobesoughttherelativemeasureofgenius
whoseequipoiseshouldbethefirstmatterofascertainmentincomparativecriticism。
ForthosewhowoulddiscriminatebetweenwhatMr。TraillsuccinctlytermshisGENERICgreatnessasthinkerandmanofletters,andhisSPECIFICpoweraspoet,itisnecessarytodisabusethemindofBrowning’s“message“。Thequestionisnotoneofweightymessage,butofartisticpresentation。Topraiseapoembecauseofitsoptimismislikecommendingapeachbecauseitlovesthesunshine,ratherthanbecauseofitsdistinguishingbloomandsavour。
Theprimaryconcernoftheartistmustbewithhisvehicleofexpression。
Intheinstanceofapoet,thisvehicleislanguageemotionedtothewhite-heatofrhythmicmusicbyimpassionedthoughtorsensation。
Schopenhauerdeclaresitisallaquestionofstylenowwithpoetry;
thateverythinghasbeensung,thateverythinghasbeendulycursed,thatthereisnothingleftforpoetrybuttobetheglowingforgeofwords。
Heforgetsthatinquintessentialartthereisnothingofthepast,nothingold:eventhefuturehaspartthereinonlyinthatthepresentisalwaysencroachingupon,becoming,thefuture。
Thefamouspessimisticphilosopherhas,incommonwithothercritics,made,ineffect,thesameremarkthatStyleexhalestheodourofthesoul:
yethehimselfhasindicatedthatthestrengthofShakespearelayinthefactthat`hehadnotaste,’that`hewasnotamanofletters。’
Whenevergeniushasdisplayedepicforceithasestablishedaneworder。
Inthegeneraldisintegrationandreconstructionofliteraryidealsthusinvolved,itiseasiertobeconfusedbythenovelflashingofstrangelightsthantodiscernthecentralvivifyingaltar-flame。
ItmayprovethatwhatseemtoustheregrettableaccidentsofBrowning’sgeniusarenomalfortunateflaws,butasgermanetheretoashisHerculeanruggednessesaretoShakespeare,asthelabouredinversionsofhisblankversearetoMilton,ashisaustereconcisionistoDante。
Meanwhile,tothemoreexigentamongusatanyrate,theflawsseemflaws,andinnowiseessential。
Butwhenwefindweightymessageandnobleutteranceinunion,aswedointhemagnificentremainderaftereventheseverestablationofthepoorandmediocreportionofBrowning’slife-work,howbeneficentseemthegenerousgods!Ofthisremaindermostaptlymaybequotedtheselinesfrom“TheRingandtheBook“,“Goldasitwas,is,shallbeevermore;
Primenaturewithanaddedartistry。“
Howgladly,inthisdubioushourwhen,asaneminentwriterhasphrasedit,acolossalHand,whichsomecallthehandofDestinyandothersthatofHumanity,isputtingoutthelightsofHeavenonebyone,likecandlesafterafeasthowgladlywelistentothispoetwithhisserenefaithinGod,andimmortallife,andthesoul’sunendingdevelopment!“Hopehardinthesubtlethingthat’sSpirit,“
hecriesinthePrologueto“Pacchiarotto“:andthis,inmanifoldphrasing,ishis`leit-motif’,hisfundamentalidea,inunbrokenlinefromthe“Pauline“ofhistwenty-firsttothe“Asolando“ofhisseventy-sixthyear。
Thissuperbphalanxoffaithwhatshallprevailagainstit?
Howwinsomeitis,moreover:this,andthehumanityofhissong。
Profoundlyherealisedthatthereisnomoresignificantstudythanthehumanheart。“Thedevelopmentofasoul:littleelseisworthstudy,“
hewroteinhisprefaceto“Sordello“:soinhisoldage,inhislast“Reverie“
“AstherecordfromyouthtoageOfmyown,thesinglesoul
Sotheworld’swidebook:onepageDecipheredexplainsthewholeOfourcommonheritage。“
Hehadfaithalsothat“therecordfromyouthtoage“ofhisownsoulwouldoutlastanypresentindifferenceorneglectthatwhatevertidemightbearhimawayfromourregardforatimewoulderelongflowagain。
Thereactionmustcome:itis,indeed,alreadyathand。
Butonealmostfanciesonecanhearthegatheringoftheremotewatersoncemore。Wemay,withStrafford,“feelsureThatTime,whointhetwilightcomestomendAllthefantasticday’scaprice,consignTothelowgroundoncemoretheignobleTerm,AndraisetheGeniusonhisorbagain,
ThatTimewilldomeright。“……
Indeed,Browninghasthegrandmanner,forallitismorethatoftheScandinavianJarlthanoftheItaliancountorSpanishgrandee。