首页 >出版文学> Life of Robert Browning>第35章
  Ofcourse,Browningisnotpersistentlyneglectfulofthisfundamentalnecessityfortheliteraryartist。Heisoftenasmasterlyinthisasinotherrespects。Butheisnotalways,notoftenenough,alivetotheparamountneed。Hewriteswith“theversebeingasthemooditpaints:“but,unfortunately,themoodisoftenpoeticallyunformative。Hehadnopassionforthequestforseductiveforms。Toomuchofhispoetryhasbeenbornprematurely。Toomuchofit,indeed,hasnotdiedandbeenbornagainforallimmortalverseisapoeticresurrection。
  Perfectpoetryisthedeathlesspartofmortalbeauty。
  Thegreatartistsneverperpetuategrossactualities,thoughtheyarethesupremerealists。ItisSchiller,Ithink,whosaysineffect,thattoliveagainintheserenebeautyofart,itisneedfulthatthingsshouldfirstdieinreality。
  ThusBrowning’sdramaticmethod,even,issometimesdisastrousinitsuntruth,asinCaliban’sanalyticalreasoninganinitialabsurdity,asMr。Berdoehaspointedout,addingepigrammatically,`Calibanisasavage,withtheintrospectivepowersofaHamlet,andthetheologyofanevangelicalChurchman。’NotonlyCaliban,butseveralotherofBrowning’spersonagesAprile,Eglamour,etc。
  arewhatGoethecalls`schwankendeGestalten’,mere“waveringimages“。
  *Oneaccountsays`ChildeRoland’waswritteninthreedays;
  another,thatitwascomposedinone。Browning’srapidityincompositionwasextraordinary。“TheReturnoftheDruses“waswritteninfivedays,anactaday;so,also,was“ABlotinthe’Scutcheon“。
  Montaigne,inoneofhisessays,saysthattostopgracefullyissureproofofhighraceinahorse:certainlytostopintimeisimperativeuponthepoet。OfBrowningmaybesaidwhatPoewroteofanother,thathisgeniuswastooimpetuousfortheminutertechnicalitiesofthatelaborateART
  soneedfulinthebuildingupofmonumentsforimmortality。
  ButhasnotagreaterthanPoedeclaredthat“whatdistinguishestheartistfromtheamateuris`architectonike’inthehighestsense;
  thatpowerofexecutionwhichcreates,forms,andconstitutes:
  nottheprofoundnessofsinglethoughts,nottherichnessofimagery,nottheabundanceofillustration。“Assuredly,no“newdefinition“
  canbeaneffectiveonewhichconflictswithGoethe’sincontrovertibledictum。
  Butthismuchhavingbeenadmitted,IamonlytoowillingtoprotestagainsttheuncriticaloutcryagainstBrowning’smusicalincapacity。
  Adeficiencyisnotincapacity,otherwiseColeridge,athishighestthemostperfectofourpoets,wouldbelowlyestimated。
  “Bidshinewhatwould,dismissintotheshadeWhatshouldnotbeandtheretriumphstheparamountSurpriseo’themaster。“……
  Browning’smusicisoftenerharmonicthanmelodic:andmusiciansknowhowthegeneralear,charmedwithimmediatelyappellantmelodies,resents,weariesof,orisdeaftotheharmoniesofamoreremote,amorecomplex,andaboveallamorenovelcreativemethod。
  Heis,amongpoets,whatWagnerisamongmusicians;
  asShakespearemaybelikenedtoBeethoven,orShelleytoChopin。
  Thecommonassertionastohisincapacityformetricmusicisonthelevelofthoseaffirmationsastohisnotbeingwidelyacceptedofthepeople,whenthepeoplehavethechance;
  orastotheindifferenceofthepublictopoetrygenerally
  andthisinanagewhenpoetryhasneverbeensowidelyunderstood,loved,andvalued,andwhereinitisyearlygrowingmoreacceptableandmorepotent!
  Agreatwriteristobeadjudgedbyhistriumphs,notbyhisfailures:
  as,totakeupMontaigne’ssimileagain,afamousrace-horseisrememberedforitssuccessesandnotfortheraceswhichitlost。
  Thetendencywithcertaincriticsistoreversetheprocess。
  InsteadofsayingwiththearchbishopinHorne’s“GregoryVII。“,“HeowesitalltohisMemnonianvoice!Hehasnogenius:“
  orofdeclaring,asProsperosaysofCalibanin“TheTempest“,“Heisasdisproportionedinhismannersasinhisshape:“
  howmuchbettertoaffirmofhimwhatBenJonsonwroteofShakespeare,“Heeredeemedhisviceswithhisvertues:therewasevermoreinhimtobeepraysedthantobeepardoned。“Inthebalanceoftriumphsandfailures,however,istobesoughttherelativemeasureofgenius
  whoseequipoiseshouldbethefirstmatterofascertainmentincomparativecriticism。
  ForthosewhowoulddiscriminatebetweenwhatMr。TraillsuccinctlytermshisGENERICgreatnessasthinkerandmanofletters,andhisSPECIFICpoweraspoet,itisnecessarytodisabusethemindofBrowning’s“message“。Thequestionisnotoneofweightymessage,butofartisticpresentation。Topraiseapoembecauseofitsoptimismislikecommendingapeachbecauseitlovesthesunshine,ratherthanbecauseofitsdistinguishingbloomandsavour。
  Theprimaryconcernoftheartistmustbewithhisvehicleofexpression。
  Intheinstanceofapoet,thisvehicleislanguageemotionedtothewhite-heatofrhythmicmusicbyimpassionedthoughtorsensation。
  Schopenhauerdeclaresitisallaquestionofstylenowwithpoetry;
  thateverythinghasbeensung,thateverythinghasbeendulycursed,thatthereisnothingleftforpoetrybuttobetheglowingforgeofwords。
  Heforgetsthatinquintessentialartthereisnothingofthepast,nothingold:eventhefuturehaspartthereinonlyinthatthepresentisalwaysencroachingupon,becoming,thefuture。
  Thefamouspessimisticphilosopherhas,incommonwithothercritics,made,ineffect,thesameremarkthatStyleexhalestheodourofthesoul:
  yethehimselfhasindicatedthatthestrengthofShakespearelayinthefactthat`hehadnotaste,’that`hewasnotamanofletters。’
  Whenevergeniushasdisplayedepicforceithasestablishedaneworder。
  Inthegeneraldisintegrationandreconstructionofliteraryidealsthusinvolved,itiseasiertobeconfusedbythenovelflashingofstrangelightsthantodiscernthecentralvivifyingaltar-flame。
  ItmayprovethatwhatseemtoustheregrettableaccidentsofBrowning’sgeniusarenomalfortunateflaws,butasgermanetheretoashisHerculeanruggednessesaretoShakespeare,asthelabouredinversionsofhisblankversearetoMilton,ashisaustereconcisionistoDante。
  Meanwhile,tothemoreexigentamongusatanyrate,theflawsseemflaws,andinnowiseessential。
  Butwhenwefindweightymessageandnobleutteranceinunion,aswedointhemagnificentremainderaftereventheseverestablationofthepoorandmediocreportionofBrowning’slife-work,howbeneficentseemthegenerousgods!Ofthisremaindermostaptlymaybequotedtheselinesfrom“TheRingandtheBook“,“Goldasitwas,is,shallbeevermore;
  Primenaturewithanaddedartistry。“
  Howgladly,inthisdubioushourwhen,asaneminentwriterhasphrasedit,acolossalHand,whichsomecallthehandofDestinyandothersthatofHumanity,isputtingoutthelightsofHeavenonebyone,likecandlesafterafeasthowgladlywelistentothispoetwithhisserenefaithinGod,andimmortallife,andthesoul’sunendingdevelopment!“Hopehardinthesubtlethingthat’sSpirit,“
  hecriesinthePrologueto“Pacchiarotto“:andthis,inmanifoldphrasing,ishis`leit-motif’,hisfundamentalidea,inunbrokenlinefromthe“Pauline“ofhistwenty-firsttothe“Asolando“ofhisseventy-sixthyear。
  Thissuperbphalanxoffaithwhatshallprevailagainstit?
  Howwinsomeitis,moreover:this,andthehumanityofhissong。
  Profoundlyherealisedthatthereisnomoresignificantstudythanthehumanheart。“Thedevelopmentofasoul:littleelseisworthstudy,“
  hewroteinhisprefaceto“Sordello“:soinhisoldage,inhislast“Reverie“
  “AstherecordfromyouthtoageOfmyown,thesinglesoul
  Sotheworld’swidebook:onepageDecipheredexplainsthewholeOfourcommonheritage。“
  Hehadfaithalsothat“therecordfromyouthtoage“ofhisownsoulwouldoutlastanypresentindifferenceorneglectthatwhatevertidemightbearhimawayfromourregardforatimewoulderelongflowagain。
  Thereactionmustcome:itis,indeed,alreadyathand。
  Butonealmostfanciesonecanhearthegatheringoftheremotewatersoncemore。Wemay,withStrafford,“feelsureThatTime,whointhetwilightcomestomendAllthefantasticday’scaprice,consignTothelowgroundoncemoretheignobleTerm,AndraisetheGeniusonhisorbagain,
  ThatTimewilldomeright。“……
  Indeed,Browninghasthegrandmanner,forallitismorethatoftheScandinavianJarlthanoftheItaliancountorSpanishgrandee。