March1849,birthofRobertWiedemannBarrettBrowning;
Browningwriteshis“ChristmasEveandEasterDay“;
“CasaGuidiWindows“commenced;1850,theygotoRome;
“TwointheCampagna“;proposaltoconferpoet-laureateshiponMrs。Browning;
returntoLondon;winterinParis;summerinLondon;Kenyon’sfriendship;
returninautumntoCasaGuidi;Browning’sEssayonShelleyforthetwenty-fivespuriousShelleyletters;midsummeratBathsofLucca,where“InaBalcony“wasinpartwritten;winterof1853-4inRome;
recordofwork;“Pen’s“illness;“BenKarshook’sWisdom“;returntoFlorence;
1856“MenandWomen“published;theBrowningsgotoLondon;
insummer“AuroraLeigh“issued;1858,Mrs。Browning’swaninghealth;
1855-64comparativelyunproductiveperiodwithR。Browning;
recordofwork;July1855,theytraveltoNormandy;“LegendofPornic“;
Mrs。Browning’sardentinterestintheItalianstruggleof1859;
winterinRome;“PoemsbeforeCongress“;herlastpoem,“NorthandSouth“;
deathofMrs。BrowningatCasaGuidi,28thJune1861。
Browning’sallusionstodeathofhiswife;MissBrowningresideswithherbrotherfrom1866;1868,collectedworkspublished;
firstpartof“TheRingandtheBook“publishedinNovember1866;
“HerveRiel“written;Browning’sgrowingpopularity;
Tauchnitzeditionsofhispoemsin1872;alsofirstbookofselections;
dedicationtoLordTennyson;1877,hegoestoLaSaisiaz,nearGeneva;
“LaSaisiaz“and“TheTwoPoetsofCroisic“published1878;
Browning’slaterpoems;BrowningSocietyestablished1881;
Browning’sletterthereupontoMr。Yates;tripsabroad;hisLondonresidences;
hislastlettertoTennyson;revisitsAsolo;PalazzoRezzonico;
hisbeliefinimmortality;hisdeath,Thursday,Dec。12th,1889;
funeralinWestminsterAbbey;SonnetbyGeorgeMeredith;newstarinOrion;
R。Browning’splaceinliterature;Summary,etc。
Note。
InallimportantrespectsIleavethisvolumetospeakforitself。
Forobviousreasonsitdoesnotpretendtobemorethana`Memoirepourservir’:inthenatureofthings,thedefinitivebiographycannotappearformanyyearstocome。
NonethelessgratefullymayItakethepresentopportunitytoexpressmyindebtednesstoMr。R。BarrettBrowning,andtootherrelativesandintimatefriendsofRobertBrowning,whohavegivenmeserviceableinformation,andotherwiserenderedkindlyaid。
Forsomeofthehithertounpublisheddetailsmythanksare,inparticular,duetoMrs。FraserCorkranandMissAliceCorkran,andtootheroldfriendsofthepoetandhisfamily,here,inItaly,andinAmerica;thoughinoneortwoinstances,Imayadd,IhadthemfromRobertBrowninghimself。ItiswithpleasurethatIfurtheracknowledgemyindebtednesstoDr。Furnivall,fortheloanoftheadvance-proofsofhisprivately-printedpamphleton“Browning’sAncestors“;andtotheBrowningSociety’sPublications
particularlytoMrs。SutherlandOrr’sandDr。Furnivall’sbiographicalandbibliographicalcontributionsthereto;toMr。Gosse’sbiographicalarticleinthe`CenturyMagazine’for1881;toMr。Ingram’s`LifeofE。B。Browning’;
andtothe`MemoirsofAnnaJameson’,the`ItalianNote-Books’
ofNathanielHawthorne,Mr。G。S。Hillard’s`SixMonthsinItaly’1853,andtheLivesandCorrespondenceofMacready,MissMitford,LeighHunt,andWalterSavageLandor。Iregretthattheimperativeneedofconcisionhaspreventedtheinsertionofmanyoftheletters,anecdotes,andreminiscences,sogenerouslyplacedatmydisposal;
butpossiblyImayhavesucceededineducingfromthemsomeessentialpartofthatlightwhichtheyundoubtedlycastuponthepersonalityandgeniusofthepoet。
Itmust,toadmirersofBrowning’swritings,appearsingularlyappropriatethatsocosmopolitanapoetwasborninLondon。Itwouldseemasthoughsomethingofthatmightycomplexlife,soconfusedlypettytothenarrowvision,sograndioseandevenmajestictothelargerken,hadblentwithhisbeingfromthefirst。Whatfitterbirthplaceforthepoetwhomacomradehascalledthe“SubtlestAssertoroftheSoulinSong“,thepoetwhosewritingsareindeedamirroroftheage?
AmanmaybeinallthingsaLondonerandyetbeaprovincial。
Theaccidentofbirthplacedoesnotnecessarilyinvolveparochialismofthesoul。ItisnotthevillagewhichproducestheHampden,buttheHampdenwhoimmortalisesthevillage。ItisafavouritejestofRusticusthathisurbanbrotherhasthemannerofOmniscienceandtheknowledgeofaparishbeadle。Nevertheless,thoughthestrongestbloodinsurgentinthemetropolitanheartisnotthatwhichisnativetoit,onemightwellbeproudtohavehadone’satom-pulseatunefromthefirstwiththelargerhythmofthenationallifeatitsturbulent,congested,buteverebullientcentre。
CertainlyBrowningwasnotthemantobeashamedofhisbeingaLondoner,muchlesstodenyhisnatalplace。Hewasproudofit:throughgoodsense,nodoubt,butpossiblyalsothroughsomeinstinctiveapprehensionofthefactthatthegreatcitywasindeedthefitmotherofsuchason。
“Ashamedofhavingbeenborninthegreatestcityoftheworld!“
heexclaimedononeoccasion;“whatanextraordinarythingtosay!
Itsuggestsawaveletinamuddyshallowgrimilycontortingitselfbecauseithaditsbirthoutinthegreatocean。“
Onthedayofthepoet’sfuneralinWestminsterAbbey,oneofthemosteminentofhispeersremarkedtomethatBrowningcametousasonecomingintohisown。Thisisprofoundlytrue。
Therewasingoodsoothamansionpreparedagainsthisadvent。
Longago,weshouldhavesurrenderedastoaconqueror:now,however,weknowthatprincesofthemind,thoughtheymustbevalorousandpotentasofyore,canenteruponnoheritancesavethatwhichnaturallyawaitsthem,andhasbeenmadetheirsbylongandintricateprocesses。
ThelustrumwhichsawthebirthofRobertBrowning,thatisthethirdinthenineteenthcentury,wasaremarkableoneindeed。
Thackeraycameintotheworldsomemonthsearlierthanthegreatpoet,CharlesDickenswithinthesametwelvemonth,andTennysonthreeyearssooner,whenalsoElizabethBarrettwasborn,andtheforemostnaturalistofmoderntimesfirstsawthelight。Itisamatterofsignificancethatthegreatwaveofscientificthoughtwhichultimatelyboreforwardonitscrestsomanyfamousmen,fromBrewsterandFaradaytoCharlesDarwin,hadjustbeguntorisewithirresistibleimpulsion。Lepsius’sbirthwasin1813,andthatofthegreatFlemishnovelist,HenriConscience,in1812:aboutthesameperiodwerethebirthsofFreiligrath,Gutzkow,andAuerbach,respectivelyoneofthemostlyricalpoets,themostpotentdramatist,themostcharmingromancerofGermany:
and,also,inFrance,ofTheophileGautierandAlfreddeMusset。
AmongrepresentativesoftheotherartswithtwoofwhichBrowningmusteverbecloselyassociatedMendelssohnandChopinwerebornin1809,andSchumann,Liszt,andWagnerwithinthefoursucceedingyears:
withinwhichspacealsocameDiazandMeissonierandthegreatMillet。
Otherhighnamesthereareuponthefrontofthecentury。
Macaulay,CardinalNewman,JohnStuartMilloneoftheearliest,bytheway,torecognisethegeniusofBrowning,AlexandreDumas,GeorgeSand,VictorHugo,Ampere,Quinet,ProsperMerimee,Sainte-Beuve,Strauss,Montalambert,areamongthelaurel-bearerswhocameintoexistencebetwixt1800and1812。
WhenRobertBrowningwasborninLondonin1812,Sheridanhadstillfouryearstolive;JeremyBenthamwasattheheightofhiscontemporaryreputation,andGodwinwaswritinggliblyofthevirtuesofhumanityandpractisingtheoppositequalities,whileCrabbewaslookeduponasoneoftheforemostoflivingpoets。
Wordsworthwasthenforty,SirWalterScottforty-one,Coleridgeforty-two,WalterSavageLandorandCharlesLambeachinhisforty-fifthyear。
Byronwasfour-and-twenty,Shelleynotyetquiteofage,tworadicallydifferentmen,KeatsandCarlyle,bothyouthsofseventeen。
Abroad,Laplacewasinhismaturity,withfifteenyearsmoreyettolive;
Joubertwithtwelve;Goethe,withtwenty;Lamarck,theSchlegels,Cuvier,Chateaubriand,Hegel,Niebuehrtospecifysomeleadingnamesonly,hadmanyyearsofworkbeforethem。Schopenhauerwasonlyfour-and-twenty,whileBerangerwasthirty-two。ThePolishpoetMickiewiczwasaboyoffourteen,andPoushkinwasbutatwelvemontholder;